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Calculus of Hyperbolic Functions

Osborn's rule states that when converting trigonometric identities involving sin and cos functions to hyperbolic identities, cos should be replaced with cosh and sin replaced with sinh, except when there is a product of two sines, where the sign must be changed. The derivatives of hyperbolic functions are: sinh'(x) = cosh(x) and cosh'(x) = sinh(x). Integrating hyperbolic functions involves the use of inverse hyperbolic functions, for example ∫sinh(x)dx = cosh(x) + c.

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368 views

Calculus of Hyperbolic Functions

Osborn's rule states that when converting trigonometric identities involving sin and cos functions to hyperbolic identities, cos should be replaced with cosh and sin replaced with sinh, except when there is a product of two sines, where the sign must be changed. The derivatives of hyperbolic functions are: sinh'(x) = cosh(x) and cosh'(x) = sinh(x). Integrating hyperbolic functions involves the use of inverse hyperbolic functions, for example ∫sinh(x)dx = cosh(x) + c.

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Boris
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Osborn’s rule

From previous examples we can see that the close comparison


between identities in trigonometric functions and hyperbolic
functions can be converted into a formulae known as Osborn’s rule,
which states that the cos should be converted to cosh and sin
converted to sinh, except when there is a product of two sines, we
must change the sign.

cos 2 x 
cosh  sinh
sin 2 2xx11

However, whenever using Osborn’s rule care must be taken as the

product of two sines is sometimes disguised eg


sin 2 x
tan x 
2

cos 2 x
Calculus of Hyperbolic Functions

If 
f x   cosh x  e  e
1 x x
2

then f ' x  1 x x
2

e  e  sinh x

d
cosh x   sinh x
dx
Similarly

If f x   sinh x  
1 x x
2
e e 
then f '  x   
1 x x
2

e  e  cosh x

d
sinh x   cosh x
dx
From this it follows that
 sinh xdx  cosh x  c


and
cosh xdx  sinh x  c
Example

Differentiate

(a) tanh x
(b) cosech x
Example


0.5
Find the derivative of cosh3x and evaluate sinh 3xdx
0
Example

Find (a)
tanh xdx
(b)

3
sinh xdx
Example
Integrate with respect to x e x cosh x
Inverse Hyperbolic functions
The inverse hyperbolic functions are defined in a similar manner to
the inverse of trigonometric function.

If y  sinh x then x  sinh 1 y

If y  cosh x then x  cosh 1 y


The graphs of inverse hyperbolic functions are obtained from those of
the hyperbolic functions by interchanging the x and y axes.
1
y  sinh x y  cosh 1 x
y y

0 x 0 x

This function is a one to one function This function is a one to many function
Example

Let y  tanh 1 x so x  tanh y

a) Express tanh y in the terms of ey and hence show that

1 x
e 2y

1 x
1 1 x 
b) Deduce that tanh 1 x  ln  
2  1 x 
Derivatives of inverse Hyperbolic functions
Example
 x
Find the derivative of sinh 1   with respect of x.
a
Example
 x
Find the derivative of cosh 1   with respect of x.
a
d
 
sinh 1 x 
1
dx x2 1
d
 
cosh 1 x 
1
dx x2 1
Example

Differentiate

(i) cosh 1 2 x  1
1
1
(ii) sinh  
 x
dy
y
dx
sinh x cosh x
cosh x sinh x
tanh x sech 2 x
1
sinh 1 x
x2 1
1 1
cosh x
x2 1
Use of Hyperbolic functions in integration

Example

Using the previous results write down the values of


1
(i) dx
x 1
2


(ii) 1
dx
x 1
2
Example

 x
1
a) Differentiate sinh   with respect to x
3


b) Hence find
1
dx
x 9
2
Example
Use the substitution of x  2 cosh u to show that

 x

1 1
dx  cosh    c
x 4
2
2
In general

 x

1 1
dx  sinh    c
x a
2 2
a
1  x 

1
dx  cosh    c
x a
2 2
a

dx
Example Evaluate
3x 2 1
Example

a) Express 4 x 2  8x  5 in the form Ax  B   C where A, B


2

and C are constants.


7
1
b) Evaluate in terms of natural logarithms dx
4 4 x  8x  5
2
Example


1
Evaluate x 2  6 x  13dx
3
Leaving your answer in terms of natural logarithms.

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