Geologi Dasar
Geologi Dasar
(Gerakan Tanah):
The Work of Gravity
Mass Wasting and landform
development
Mass wasting refers to the
downslope movement of rock,
regolith, and soil under the direct
influence of gravity
Mass Wasting and landform
development
• Rockslide
• Blocks of bedrock slide down a slope
• Generally very fast and destructive
Rockslide – Blocks of Bedrock Break Loose and Slide
Down a Slope – The Results Occur Quickly & Are Very
Destructive
Rockfall blocks part of I-70 in western Colorado. The
source of the fall was highly jointed bedrock @ 330’
above the roadway.
Talus Slopes Are built of Angular Rock Fragments Broken
From Mountains by Mechanical Weathering. Talus Forms
Cone- Shaped Deposits at the Base of Slopes
A Combination of Talus Cones, Rockslides/Falls and Debris
Flows Blankets the Base of These Mountains in Canada
This Rockfall Has Buried a Road – Bet You’re Glad You
Weren’t Driving Here!
Earthquake-Triggered Landslide – The Best Way to Avoid
Damage from Mass Wasting is to Avoid Building on Slopes
or Just Downhill From Them
Debris Flow – Soil & Regolith Containing Large
Amounts of Water – Often Confined to Channels –
Serious Harzard in Arid Regions w/ Heavy Rains
Forms of mass wasting
• Slow movements
• Creep
• Gradual movement of soil and regolith
downhill
• Aided by the alternate expansion and
contraction of the surface material
Repeated Expansion and Contraction of Surface Material
Caused a Net Downslope Migration of Rock Particles – a
Process Called “Creep”
Some visible effects of creep
Forms of mass wasting
• Slow movements
• Solifluction
• Promoted by a dense clay hardpan or
impermeable bedrock layer
• Common in regions underlain by permafrost
• Can occur on gentle slopes
Whoops!! Subsidence Due to Freezing and Thawing of
Permafrost Makes These Train Tracks in Alaska Hard to
Navigate
Deep Water Slope & Shallower Water Reef
Deposits – During Permian time they formed
around the margins of basins nearly 2,000’ deep
Reef & Slope Deposits in McKittrick
Canyon, Guadalupe Mtns.