Exam

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
Which of following is a function of the skeletal system?
1)
_______
A)
protection of internal organs
B)
calcium homeostasis
C)
body support
D)
blood cell production
E)
all of the above

2)
Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape?
2)
_______
A)
vertebra
B)
frontal
C)
patella
D)
ulna
E)
metatarsal

3)
Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called
3)
_______
A)
osteocytes.
B)
osteoprogenitor cells.
C)
osteoblasts.
D)
chondrocytes.
E)
osteoclasts.

4)
Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n)
4)
_______
A)
membranous model.
B)
osteoblasts model.
C)
fibrous connective-tissue model.
D)
calcified model.
E)
cartilage model.

5)
The space occupied by an osteocyte is called a
5)
_______
A)
trabecula.
B)
Volkmann's canal.
C)
Venetian canal.
D)
lacuna.
E)
Haversian canal.

Figure 6-1 Bone Tissue

Use Figure 6-1 to answer the following question(s):

6)
Which structure is termed an osteon?
6)
_______
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
E)
5

7)
Which structure is characteristic of spongy bone?
7)
_______
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
E)
5

8)
Where would osteoclasts be most active?
8)
_______
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
4
E)
5

9)
The shaft of a long bone is called the
9)
_______
A)
epiphysis.
B)
lamella.
C)
epiphyseal plate.
D)
diaphysis.
E)
metaphysis.

10)
Elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone
10)
______
A)
thyroid hormone.
B)
parathyroid hormone.
C)
calcitonin.
D)
testosterone.
E)
growth hormone.

11)
A condition in which bone becomes riddled with holes is called
11)
______
A)
osteomalacia.
B)
osteoporosis.
C)
osteomyelitis.
D)
osteopenia.
E)
osteitis.

12)
A hole through a bone is termed a
12)
______
A)
tubercle.
B)
ramus.
C)
linea.
D)
foramen.
E)
facet.

13)
The foramen magnum is found in the ________ bone.
13)
______
A)
temporal
B)
frontal
C)
sphenoid
D)
parietal
E)
occipital

14)
The suture that forms the articulation of the parietal bones with the frontal bone is the ________ suture.
14)
______
A)
rostral
B)
coronal
C)
squamosal
D)
sagittal
E)
lambdoidal

15)
Each of the following bones is a component of the orbital complex, except the ________ bone.
15)
______
A)
lacrimal
B)
frontal
C)
nasal
D)
ethmoid
E)
sphenoid

16)
The vertebral column contains ________ lumbar vertebrae.
16)
______
A)
7
B)
12
C)
31
D)
5
E)
4

17)
The part of the sternum that articulates with the clavicles is the
17)
______
A)
angle.
B)
xiphoid process.
C)
body.
D)
manubrium.
E)
tuberculum.

18)
You witness one of your friends in a fight. Your friend Gregg is hit in the jaw and when looking at him, his face looks
misaligned. You immediately take him to the emergency room and are not surprised to learn that he has a broken
18)
______
A)
external auditory meatus.
B)
temporal bone.
C)
zygomatic bone.
D)
mandible.
E)
clavicle.

19)
Of the following bones, which is unpaired?
19)
______
A)
palatine
B)
vomer
C)
maxillary
D)
nasal
E)
none of these

Figure 7-2 Typical Vertebra (inferior view)

Use Figure 7-2 to answer the following questions:

20)
Which structure contacts the intervertebral disc?
20)
______
A)
2
B)
3
C)
4
D)
5
E)
6

21)
Where is the spinal cord located?
21)
______
A)
3
B)
4
C)
5
D)
6
E)
7

22)
Which of the following is not a component of the appendicular skeleton?
22)
______
A)
metatarsals
B)
scapula
C)
humerus
D)
femur
E)
None of the aboveall are appendicular bones.

23)
The clavicle articulates with the scapula at the
23)
______
A)
acromion.
B)
scapular spine.
C)
coracoid process.
D)
glenoid tuberosity.
E)
subscapular fossa.

24)
Which of these is a forearm bone?
24)
______
A)
femur
B)
fibula
C)
humerus
D)
radius
E)
tibia

25)
The bones that form the fingers are the
25)
______
A)
metacarpals.
B)
metatarsals.
C)
tarsals.
D)
carpals.
E)
phalanges.

26)
Each coxal bone consists of the following three fused bones:
26)
______
A)
hamate, capitate, and trapezium.
B)
ulna, radius, and humerus.
C)
femur, patella, and tibia.
D)
ilium, ischium, and pubis.
E)
femur, tibia, and fibula.

Figure 8-4 The Femur

Use Figure 8-4 to answer the following questions:

27)
Which structure articulates with the acetabulum?
27)
______
A)
1
B)
2
C)
4
D)
5
E)
9

28)
Identify the diaphysis of the femur.
28)
______
A)
1
B)
2
C)
3
D)
5
E)
7

29)
Identify the structure labeled "3."
29)
______
A)
lesser trochanter
B)
lateral condyle
C)
lateral epicondyle
D)
head
E)
greater trochanter

Figure 8-3 The Scapula

Use Figure 8-3 to answer the following questions:

30)
Identify the structure labeled "2."
30)
______
A)
acetabulum
B)
scapular cavity
C)
glenoid cavity
D)
scapular notch
E)
rotator cup

31)
What bone articulates on the structure labeled "2"?
31)
______
A)
manubrium
B)
femur
C)
clavicle
D)
humerus
E)
radius

32)
An immovable joint is a(n)
32)
______
A)
symphysis.
B)
diarthrosis.
C)
amphiarthrosis.
D)
syndesmosis.
E)
synarthrosis.

33)
Which of these is one of the four major types of synarthrotic joints?
33)
______
A)
synchondrosis
B)
synostosis
C)
gomphosis
D)
suture
E)
all of the above

34)
The elbow joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint.
34)
______
A)
ellipsoid
B)
pivot
C)
gliding
D)
saddle
E)
hinge

35)
Which of the following ligaments is not associated with the hip joint?
35)
______
A)
ligamentum teres
B)
anterior cruciate ligament
C)
iliofemoral ligament
D)
pubofemoral ligament
E)
ischiofemoral ligament

Figure 9-2 A Simplified Sectional View of the Knee Joint

Use Figure 9-2 to answer the following questions:

36)
Identify the structure at label "1."
36)
______
A)
meniscus
B)
synovial membrane
C)
articular cartilage
D)
joint cavity
E)
bursa

37)
Identify the structure labeled "2."
37)
______
A)
synovial membrane
B)
joint capsule
C)
intracapsular ligament
D)
periosteum
E)
serous membrane

38)
Nodding your head "yes" is an example of
38)
______
A)
flexion and extension.
B)
pronation and supination.
C)
circumduction.
D)
lateral and medial rotation.
E)
protraction and retraction.

39)
Which of the following movements is a good example of supination?
39)
______
A)
turning the hand palm upward
B)
spreading the fingers
C)
opening the mouth
D)
extreme bending of the head backwards
E)
moving the hand toward the shoulder

40)
Which of the following joints is an example of a ball-and-socket joint?
40)
______
A)
knee
B)
ankle
C)
shoulder
D)
wrist
E)
elbow

41)
The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds an entire skeletal muscle is the
41)
______
A)
tendon.
B)
perimysium.
C)
endomysium.
D)
epimysium.
E)
fascicle.

42)
The plasma membrane of skeletal muscle is called the
42)
______
A)
sarcomere.
B)
sarcoplasm.
C)
sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D)
sarcosome.
E)
sarcolemma.

43)
Which of the following best describes the term sarcoplasmic reticulum?
43)
______
A)
protein that accounts for elasticity of resting muscle
B)
storage and release site for calcium ions
C)
largely made of myosin molecules
D)
repeating unit of striated myofibrils
E)
thin filaments are anchored here

44)
Cross-bridges are portions of
44)
______
A)
tropomyosin molecules.
B)
actin molecules.
C)
calcium ions.
D)
myosin molecules.
E)
troponin molecules.

45)
At rest, the tropomyosin molecule is held in place by
45)
______
A)
ATP molecules.
B)
calcium ions.
C)
myosin molecules.
D)
actin molecules.
E)
troponin molecules.

46)
A single motor neuron together with all the muscle fibers it innervates is called
46)
______
A)
an end foot.
B)
a myotome.
C)
a dermatome.
D)
an end plate.
E)
a motor unit.

47)
The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the ________ fiber.
47)
______
A)
slow
B)
high-density
C)
anaerobic
D)
intermediate
E)
fast

48)
Which of the following is not characteristic of smooth muscle?
48)
______
A)
Smooth muscles do not contain sarcomeres.
B)
Smooth muscle connective tissue forms tendons and aponeuroses.
C)
The thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies.
D)
Neurons that innervate smooth muscles are under involuntary control.
E)
Smooth muscles are uninucleate.

49)
The cytoplasm of the neuromuscular terminal contains vesicles filled with molecules of the neurotransmitter
______
A)
norepinephrine.
B)
antidiuretic hormone.
C)
epinephrine.
D)
acetylcholine.
E)
all of the above

50)
Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are released by ________ when the action potential arrives.
50)
______
A)
endocytosis
B)
sodium
C)
exocytosis
D)
hydrolysis
E)
apoptosis

Figure 10-1 Skeletal Muscle Fiber

Use Figure 10-1 to answer the following questions:

51)
Identify the structure labeled "1."
51)
______
A)
glycogen
B)
ATP
C)
myofibril
D)
mitochondria
E)
synaptic vesicle

52)
Where are the myosin molecules located?
52)
______
A)
4
B)
5
C)
6
D)
7
E)
8
1)
E
2)
A
3)
C
4)
E
5)
D
6)
B
7)
E
8)
E
9)
D
10)
C
11)
B
12)
D
13)
E
14)
B
15)
C
16)
D
17)
D
18)
D
19)
B
20)
E
21)
C
22)
E
23)
A
24)
D
25)
E
26)
D
27)
D
28)
E
29)
B
30)
C
31)
D
32)
E
33)
E
34)
E
35)
B
36)
E
37)
A
38)
A
39)
A
40)
C
41)
D
42)
E
43)
B
44)
D
45)
E
46)
E
47)
A
48)
B
49)
D
50)
C
51)
D
52)