Bridge 3D Soil Structure Interaction

Methods Comparison

Soil Structure Interaction using

midas Civil & midas GTS NX for
the Structural & Geotechnical Engineers

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Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering
Contents

1. Introduction
2. Soil Structure Interaction Substructure Method
3. Ground Response Analysis for Calibration
4. Soil Structure Interaction Direct Method
5. Results Comparison Between SSI Methods

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Soil Structure Interaction GTS NX

SSI: The phenomenon in which the response of soil and movement of the structure influence each
other. When external forces, such as earthquakes, act on these systems, neither structural
displacements nor ground displacements are independent of each other. Unlike an above-ground
structure, the response of an underground structure subjected to an earthquake is mainly controlled
by the ground displacement. The ground displacement in turn is largely influenced by the dynamic
properties of the ground and its modeling method. The ground exhibits a complete nonlinear
behavior depending on the strains developed in the ground due to the dynamic load. It is therefore
important to closely examine the nonlinearity of the ground relative to strains.

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Dynamic SSI GTS NX

Substructure Method Direct Method

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 Soil Structure Interaction
by Substructure Method

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Substructure/Indirect Method GTS NX

The soil-structure interaction is reflected with soil spring data.

 The soil spring data may be applied to the substructure-only model with the
superstructure load applied.
 The soil spring data may be applied to the entire structure model with both the super
and substructure.
Initial Civil model dimensions GTS NX

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Add Soil Springs Supports GTS NX

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 Time History Analysis Case GTS NX

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2

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Results for TH in Civil using PY springs GTS NX

Max Axial forces on structure (kN)

Max moments on structure (kN/m)

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Results for TH in Civil using PY springs GTS NX

Max Shear Forces (Kn)

Max displacements (cm)

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Substructure/Indirect Method GTS NX

The substructure-only approach:

http://Northamerica.midasuser.com > Training > Review Courses
 Soil Structure Interaction
by Direct Method

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Finite Element Solutions for Geotechnical Engineering
Interaction with other software GTS NX

• Análisis Pushover de un marco tridimensional usado para diseño. Puede ser utilizado para concreto reforzado, acero
estructural y secciones compuestas de concreto-acero.
• Diseño basado en desempeño por FEMA, Eurocódigo 8 y Mampostería

Análisis Pushover para Mampostería

Estado de Rótulas y Curva de Capacidad Definir materiales no lineales de rotulas

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Tools to check or verify mesh quality GTS NX
Hybrid Mesher GTS NX

To provide more reliable analysis results, GTS NX can automatically generate

hexahedral centered hybrid mesh. Hexahedral elements are the most stable for
stress and displacement results.
Extensive Constitutive Model Data Base GTS NX
Dynamic Analysis GTS NX

• Free Field • 2D Linear Equivalent

Linear
Equivalent

• Linear (Direct)
•
GTS NX •
Linear (Modal)
Non linear (Direct)
Eigen Value & Time History • Non linear + SRM
• Liquefaction
Civil • Moving Load

Response
Spectrum

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Linear Equivalent 1D and 2D GTS NX

Dynamic Curve Free Field 2D Linear Equivalent

Landfill

Colluvial
Weathered
soil

Weathered
rock

Class I
Bed Rock
Rock

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Linear EQ (Free Field) GTS NX

Short Time History Function (2 sec Analysis)

Max acceleration (12 m/sec^2)

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Linear EQ GTS NX

Add embankment to soil layer

Short Time History Function (2 sec Analysis)
Max acceleration (14.3 m/sec^2)

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 3D Time History Analysis

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Dynamic SSI GTS NX

Free Field 1D

Use same dynamic curve and time

history function

Linear Equivalent 2D

Time History 3D 23
Define 3D LTH Material (Ground Only) GTS NX

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3D LTH Loads and Boundaries (ground only) GTS NX

1 4
5
6

3
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3D Linear Time History Results (ground only)
GTS NX

Results for Linear Time History is within 5%. Max of 11.8 m/sec^2
2 sec Analysis*

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3D Linear Time History Results GTS NX

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Interaction with other software GTS NX

• Análisis Pushover de un marco tridimensional usado para diseño. Puede ser utilizado para concreto reforzado, acero
estructural y secciones compuestas de concreto-acero.
• Diseño basado en desempeño por FEMA, Eurocódigo 8 y Mampostería

Análisis Pushover para Mampostería

Estado de Rótulas y Curva de Capacidad Definir materiales no lineales de rotulas

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3D SSI GTS NX

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Import model to GTS NX GTS NX

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Mesh CAD in 3D elements GTS NX

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3D SSI Results GTS NX

Results for Time History is within 5%. Max of 14.2 m/sec^2

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Dynamic results for imported bridge GTS NX

Max Axial forces on structure

Max moments on structure

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Results Comparison GTS NX

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Bridge with updated substructure GTS NX

Max Acceleration
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Results for Bridge with updated substructure GTS NX

Max Shear Forces

Max Displacements
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Results for Bridge with updated substructure GTS NX

Max Axial forces on structure

Max moments on structure

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 Conclusion GTS NX

Max Civil GTS NX Updated

Base
Displacements (cm) 29 28 23
Axial Force (kN) 3,064 2,036 1,762
Moments Y (kN/m) 19,087 23,969 16,127
Shear Forces (kN) 2,032 5,838 2,404

• Midas Civil has internal PY curves in order to easily apply soil springs and run soil
structure interaction through substructure method. For some soils, this is sufficient.

• Substructure Method cannot accurately capture the non linear behavior experienced by
the foundation and surrounding ground during an earthquake.

• Midas GTS NX can import full structure from midas Civil to run SSI through Direct
Method. However, since the ground is modeled in 3D, it must first be calibrated
through comparison of ground response analysis like Free Field and Linear Equivalent.
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Other SSI problems (Adjacent Structure consideration)
GTS NX

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Adjacent Structure consideration during excavation
GTS NX

Initial Stage Excavation stage 1

Excavation stage 2 Final Excavation stage

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Adjacent Structure consideration during excavation
GTS NX

Axial forces on bridge Moments on bridge

Moments on tunnel Axial forces on rock bolts

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 GTS NX

Thank You

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