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Lecture Notes: The Finite Element Method: Aurélien Larcher, Niyazi Cem de Girmenci Fall 2013

This document outlines lecture notes on the finite element method. It discusses the weak formulation of partial differential equations and introduces the Ritz and Galerkin methods for approximating solutions to elliptic problems. It also covers finite element spaces, including defining admissible meshes, reference finite elements, transporting finite elements using affine mappings, and numerical integration. Exercises are provided to reinforce the concepts taught.

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95 views

Lecture Notes: The Finite Element Method: Aurélien Larcher, Niyazi Cem de Girmenci Fall 2013

This document outlines lecture notes on the finite element method. It discusses the weak formulation of partial differential equations and introduces the Ritz and Galerkin methods for approximating solutions to elliptic problems. It also covers finite element spaces, including defining admissible meshes, reference finite elements, transporting finite elements using affine mappings, and numerical integration. Exercises are provided to reinforce the concepts taught.

Uploaded by

kkolli
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture Notes: The Finite Element Method

Aurélien Larcher, Niyazi Cem Deg̃irmenci


Fall 2013

Contents
1 Weak formulation of Partial Differential Equations 6
1.1 Historical perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2 Weak solution to the Dirichlet problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.1 Formal passage from classical solution to weak solution . . . 6
1.2.2 Formal passage from weak solution to classical solution . . . 7
1.2.3 About the boundary conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3 Weak and variational formulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.1 Functional setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.3.2 Determination of the solution space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Abstract problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Well-posedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

2 Ritz and Galerkin methods for elliptic problems 11


2.1 Approximate problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Ritz method for symmetric bilinear forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.1 Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2.2 Well-posedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.3 Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2.4 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3 Galerkin method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.1 Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.2 Convergence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.3.3 Well-posedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3.4 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.4 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3 Finite Element spaces 16


3.1 Admissible mesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 Reference Finite Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.3 Transport of the Finite Element . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.4 Numerical integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.5 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.6 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.6.1 Reference element, affine mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.6.2 Local element matrix, local load vector . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

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