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Mathematical Problems by David Hilbert

Hilbert presented 23 important unsolved problems in mathematics at the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians. The problems covered a wide range of topics including set theory, number theory, geometry, topology, and mathematical physics. Hilbert hoped his list would help guide and stimulate future mathematical research. Many of the problems proved to be extremely influential and helped shape the development of mathematics in the 20th century.

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253 views3 pages

Mathematical Problems by David Hilbert

Hilbert presented 23 important unsolved problems in mathematics at the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians. The problems covered a wide range of topics including set theory, number theory, geometry, topology, and mathematical physics. Hilbert hoped his list would help guide and stimulate future mathematical research. Many of the problems proved to be extremely influential and helped shape the development of mathematics in the 20th century.

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Hilbert's Mathematical Problems

Table of contents

(The actual text is on a separate page.)

(Philosophy of problems, relationship between mathematics and science, role of proofs,


Introduction.
axioms and formalism.)

Problem 1. Cantor's problem of the cardinal number of the K. Gödel. The consistency of the axiom
continuum. (The continuum hypothesis.) of choice and of the generalized
continuum hypothesis. Princeton Univ.
Press, Princeton, 1940.

Problem 2. The compatibility of the arithmetical axioms.

Problem 3. The equality of two volumes of two tetrahedra of V. G. Boltianskii. Hilbert's Third
equal bases and equal altitudes. Problem Winston, Halsted Press,
Washington, New York, 1978.

C. H. Sah. Hilbert's Third Problem:


Scissors Congruence. Pitman, London
1979.
Problem 4. Problem of the straight line as the shortest distance between two points. (Alternative
geometries.)

Problem 5. Lie's concept of a continuous group of Montgomery and Zippin. Topological


transformations without the assumption of the Transformation Groups. Wiley, New
differentiability of the functions defining the group. York, 1955.
(Are continuous groups automatically differential
groups?) Kaplansky. Lie Algebras and Locally
Compact Groups. Chicago Univ. Press,
Chicago, 1971.

Problem 6. Mathematical treatment of the axioms of physics. Leo Corry's article "Hilbert and the
Axiomatization of Physics (1894-
1905)" in the research journal Archive
for History of Exact Sciences, 51
(1997).
Problem 7. Irrationality and transcendence of certain numbers. N.I.Feldman. Hilbert's seventh
problem (in Russian), Moscow state
Univ, 1982, 312pp. MR 85b:11001

Problem 8. Problems of prime numbers. (The distribution of primes and the Riemann hypothesis.)
Problem 9. Proof of the most general law of reciprocity in any number field.
Problem 10. Determination of the solvability of a diophantine S. Chowla. The Riemann Hypothesis
equation. and Hilbert's Tenth Problem. Gordon
and Breach, New York, 1965.

Maxim Vsemirnov's Hilbert's Tenth Problem page Yu. V. Matiyasevich. Hilbert's Tenth
at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics at Problem. MIT Press, Cambridge,
St.Petersburg. Massachusetts,1993, available on the
web.

Problem 11. Quadratic forms with any algebraic numerical coefficients.


Problem 12. Extension of Kroneker's theorem on abelian fields R.-P. Holzapfel. The Ball and Some
to any algebraic realm of rationality. Hilbert Problems. Springer-Verlag,
New York, 1995.
Problem 13. Impossibility of the solution of the general equation of the 7-th degree by means of functions
of only two arguments. (Generalizes the impossibility of solving 5-th degree equations by
radicals.)

Problem 14. Proof of the finiteness of certain complete systems Masayoshi Nagata. Lectures on the
of functions. fourteenth problem of Hilbert. Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research,
Bombay, 1965.
Problem 15. Rigorous foundation of Schubert's enumerative calculus.

Problem 16. Problem of the topology of algebraic curves and Yu. Ilyashenko, and S. Yakovenko,
surfaces. editors. Concerning the Hilbert 16th
problem. American Mathematical
Society, Providence, R.I., 1995.

B.L.J. Braaksma, G.K. Immink, and


M. van der Put, editors. The Stokes
Phenomenon and Hilbert's 16th
Problem. World Scientific, London,
1996.
Problem 17. Expression of definite forms by squares.

Problem 18. Building up of space from congruent polyhedra. (n-dimensional crystallography groups,
fundamental domains, sphere packing problem.)
Comments on the theory of analytic functions.

Problem 19. Are the solutions of regular problems in the calculus of variations always necessarily
analytic?
Problem 20. The general problem of boundary values. (Variational problems.)

Problem 21. Proof of the existence of linear differential equations having a prescribed monodromic group.
Problem 22. Uniformization of analytic relations by means of automorphic functions.

Problem 23. Further development of the methods of the calculus of variations.


Final
comments.

Return to introduction

March, 1997.
David E. Joyce
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
Clark University
Worcester, MA 01610

These files are located at http://aleph0.clarku.edu/~djoyce/hilbert/

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