CALCULATION FOR PRESSURE DROP IN VARIOUS WATER PIPELINES

FORMULAE USED

L V2
(1) Head Loss due to friction hf = fx x [D'Arcy-Weisbach Formula]
D 2g

where f = Pipe Friction Factor

L = Length of Pipeline
D = Dia. of Pipe
V = Velocity of Flow

k 10 6 1/3
(2) Friction Factor f = 0.0055 x [1 + (20000 x + ) ] (Moody's Formula)
D Re

where k = Roughness Coefficient of Pipe

D = Dia. of Pipe
Re = Reynolds No.

rDV
(3) Reynolds No. Re =
m

where r = Pipe Friction Factor

D = Dia. of Pipe
V = Velocity of Flow
m = Viscosity of Fluid
 Pressure Drop Calculation - Pressure Drop Cal

ASSUMPTIONS
1 Temperature of Water (t) = 30 OC
2 Density of Water at this Temp. (r) = 995.7 kg/m3
[Ref: Table - 1]
3 Viscosity of Water at this Temp. (m) = 0.000801 N - s/m2
4 Pipe Material = Steel
5 Roughness Coeff. of Pipe Material (K) = 0.04572 mm [Ref: Table - 2]

CALCULATIONS
Symbol Unit Value Total
Line No.
Description Pipe
Flow Rate (Q) m3/hr. 6614
Flow Velocity (assumed) (V) m/sec. 1
Pipe Dia. (D) mm 1529.6
Nominal Pipe Size (NB) NB 1600
OD Corresponding to this NB (OD) mm 1626
Wall thickness (WT) mm 14.2
Actual Internal Dia. (ID) mm 1597.6
Actual Flow Velocity (Vac) m/sec. 0.92
Reynolds No. (Re) 1827056.1
Relative Roughness of Pipe Material (K/ID) 0.00003
Pipe Friction Factor (f) 0.0113
Pipe Length (L) m 32000
Head Loss in Straight Pipe (hf) m 9.765

Head Loss in Fittings

Globe Valve, fully open (L/D)* 450
(No.) No. 2
Head Loss (hf/) m 0.439
Angle Valve, fully open (L/D)* 200
(No.) No.
Head Loss (hf/) m 0
Gate Valve, fully open (L/D)* 13
(No.) No. 2
Head Loss (hf/) m 0.013
Gate Valve, 3/4 open (L/D)* 35
(No.) No.
Head Loss (hf/) m 0
Gate Valve, 1/2 open (L/D)* 160
* For L/D values, ref. to Table 3.3.1, Page - 3-51 of Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers
 Pressure Drop Calculation - Pressure Drop Cal
(No.) No.
Head Loss (hf/) m 0
Gate Valve, 1/4 open (L/D)* 900
(No.) No.
Head Loss (hf/) m 0
Swing Check Valve, fully open (L/D)* 135
(No.) No. 1
Head Loss (hf/) m 0.066
Ball Check Valve, fully open (L/D)* 150
(No.) No.
Head Loss (hf/) m 0
Butterfly Valve (>150 NB), fully open (L/D)* 20
(No.) No.
Head Loss (hf/) m 0
90 Standard Elbow
O (L/D)* 30
(No.) No.
Head Loss (hf/) m 0
45 Standard Elbow
O (L/D)* 16
(No.) No. 50
Head Loss (hf/) m 0.39
90O Long-radius Elbow (L/D)* 20
(No.) No. 5
Head Loss (hf/) m 0.049
90O Street Elbow (L/D)* 50
(No.) No.
Head Loss (hf/) m 0
45 Street Elbow
O (L/D)* 26
(No.) No.
Head Loss (hf/) m 0
Standard Tee - Flow through run (L/D)* 20
(No.) No. 1
Head Loss (hf/) m 0.01
Standard Tee - Flow through branch (L/D)* 60
(No.) No.
Head Loss (hf/) m 0
Total Head Loss in Fittings (Shf/) m 0.967
Total Head Loss in the Line (hf + Shf/) m 10.732
Static Lift (hs) m 44.5
Pressure Head at Disch. Point (hP) m 0
Velocity Head at Disch. Point (hv) m 0.05
Gross Pumping Head (HGr) m 55.28

* For L/D values, ref. to Table 3.3.1, Page - 3-51 of Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers
 Pressure Drop Calculation - Pressure Drop Cal
Add: Margin % 10%
(at a suitable % of HGr) (m) 5.5282
Net Pumping Head (H) m 61

* For L/D values, ref. to Table 3.3.1, Page - 3-51 of Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers
CODE
Nominal Outside Diameter Thickness Mass of Tube
Bore Maximum Minimum Plain Screwed
End and Socketed
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
mm mm mm mm kg/m kg/m
6L 10.1 9.7 1.8 0.360 0.363
6M 10.6 9.8 2.0 0.404 0.407
6H 10.5 9.8 2.6 0.487 0.490
8L 13.6 13.2 1.8 0.315 0.519
8M 14.0 13.2 2.3 0.641 0.645
8H 14.0 13.2 2.9 0.765 0.769
10 L 17.1 16.7 1.8 0.670 0.676
10 M 17.5 16.7 2.3 0.839 0.845
10 H 17.5 16.7 2.9 1.02 1.03
15 L 21.4 21.0 2.0 0.947 0.956
15 M 21.8 21.0 2.6 1.21 1.22
IS : 1239 (Part - 1)

15 H 21.8 21.0 3.2 1.44 1.45

20 L 26.9 26.4 2.3 1.38 1.39
20 M 27.3 26.5 2.6 1.56 1.57
20 H 27.3 26.5 3.2 1.87 1.88
25 L 33.8 33.2 2.6 1.98 2.00
25 M 34.2 33.3 3.2 2.41 2.43
25 H 34.2 33.3 4.0 2.93 2.95
32 L 42.5 41.9 2.6 2.54 2.57
32 M 42.9 42.0 3.2 3.10 3.13
32 H 42.9 42.0 4.0 3.79 3.82
40 L 48.4 47.8 2.9 3.23 3.27
40 M 48.8 47.9 3.2 3.56 3.60
40 H 48.8 47.9 4.0 4.37 4.41
50 L 60.2 59.6 2.9 4.08 4.15
50 M 60.8 59.7 3.6 5.03 5.10
50 H 60.8 59.7 4.5 6.19 6.26
65 L 76.0 75.2 3.2 5.71 5.83
65 M 76.6 75.3 3.6 6.42 6.54
65 H 76.6 75.3 4.5 7.93 8.05
80 L 88.7 87.9 3.2 6.72 6.89
80 M 89.5 88.0 4.0 8.36 8.53
80 H 89.5 88.0 4.8 9.90 10.40
100 L 113.9 113.0 3.6 9.75 10.0
100 M 115.0 113.1 4.5 12.20 12.5
100 H 115.0 113.1 5.4 14.5 14.8
125 M 140.8 138.5 4.8 15.90 16.4
125 H 140.8 138.5 5.4 17.9 18.4
150 M 166.5 163.9 4.8 18.90 19.5
150 H 166.5 163.9 5.4 21.3 21.9
150 - L1 168.3 2.6 10.6
150 - L2 168.3 3.2 12
150 - M 168.3 4.5 18.2
150 - H 168.3 18.2 18.2
200 - L1 219.1 2.6 13.9
 200 - L2 219.1 3.6 19.1
200 - M 219.1 4.5 23.8
200 - H 219.1 6.3 33.1
250 -L1 273 3.6 23.9
250 - L2 273 4.0 26.5
250 - M 273 5.0 33
250 - H 273 6.3 41.1
300 - L1 323.9 4.0 31.8
300 - L2 323.9 5.0 35.4
300 - M 323.9 5.6 44
300 - H 323.9 7.1 55.5
350 - L1 355.6 4.0 34.7
350 - L2 355.6 5.0 43.2
350 - M 355.6 5.6 48.3
350 - H 355.6 8.0 68.6
400 - L1 406.4 4.0 39.7
400 - L2 406.4 5.0 49.5
400 - M 406.4 6.3 62.2
400 - H 406.4 8.8 86.3
450 - L1 457 4.0 44.7
450 - L2 457 5.0 55.7
450 - M 457 6.3 70
450 - H 457 10.0 110
500 - L1 508 5.0 62
500 - L2 508 5.6 69.4
500 - M 508 6.3 77.9
500 - H 508 11.0 135
600 - L 610 5.8 83.5
IS : 3589

600 - M 610 6.3 93.8

600 - H 610 12.5 184
700 - L 711 6.3 109
700 - M 711 7.1 123
700 - H 711 14.2 244
800 - L 813 7.1 141
800 - M 813 8.0 159
800 - H 813 18.0 314
900 - L1 914 8.0 179
900 - L2 914 8.8 196
900- M 914 10.0 223
900 - H 914 17.5 387
1000 - L 1016 8.8 219
1000 - M 1016 10.0 248
1000 - H 1016 20.0 186
1050 - L 1067 8.8 230
1050 - M 1067 10.0 251
1050 - H 1067 11.0 186
1100 - L 1118 8.8 241
1100 - M 1118 10.0 273
1100 - H 1118 11.0 300
1200 - L 1219 10.0 298
1200 - M 1219 11.0 328
1200 - H 1219 12.5 372
1400 - L 1422 12.5 435
1400 - H 1422 14.2 493
1600 - L 1626 14.2 564
1600 - H 1626 16.0 635
1800 - L 1829 14.2 634
1800 - M 1829 16.0 715
1800 - H 1829 17.5 782
2000 - L 2032 16.0 795
2000 - M 2032 17.5 869
2000 - H 2032 20.0 992
2200 - L 2235 17.5 957
2200 - M 2235 20.0 1093
2200 - H 2235 22.2 1211
2500 - L 2540 20.0 1243
2500 - M 2540 22.2 1379
2500 - H 2540 25.0 1551
 RECOMMENDED VELOCITIES FOR SELECTION OF PIPE SIZE
Below 50 NB 50 NB - 150 NB 200 NB & above

1 Pump Suction 1.2 -- 1.5 m/s 1.2 -- 1.8 m/s 2.5 -- 3.5 m/s
2 Pump Discharge 1.2 -- 1.8 m/s 1.8 -- 2.4 m/s 2.1 -- 2.5 m/s
3 Header -- -- -- 1.5 -- 2.4 m/s 2.1 -- 2.4 m/s
4 Pump Suction, Viscous Liquid 0.3 m/s 0.3 -- 0.4 m/s 0.4 -- 0.5 m/s
5 Pump discharge, Viscous Liquid 1.0 m/s 1.0 m/s 1.2 -- 1.4 m/s
6 Compressed Air at:
i) 0 - 2 kg/cm2(g) 15 -- 20 m/s 20 -- 30 m/s 25 -- 35 m/s
ii) 2.1 - 7.0 kg/cm2(g) 22 -- 30 m/s 25 -- 40 m/s 35 -- 45 m/s
iii) Over 7.0 kg/cm2(g) 22 -- 35 m/s 30 -- 45 m/s 40 -- 50 m/s

7 Cooling Water Suction Line 1.5 m/s

8 Cooling Water Delivery Line 3.0 m/s
9 General Water Service 1.5 -- 3.0 m/s

10 Main Steam < 60 m/s

11 HP Bypass 100 m/s (Approx.)
12 LP Bypass 90 m/s (Approx.)
13 Extraction Steam Lines:
i) Superheated Steam < 60 m/s
ii) Saturated Steam < 40 m/s
14 Auxiliary Steam 50 -- 100 m/s At max. expected flow

15 Condensate System:
i) Condensate Pump Suction 1.5 m/s
iI) Condensate Pump Discharge 2.5 -- 3.0 m/s
iii) Gland Steam Cooler by-pass and 5.5 m/s
LP Heater by-pass line

16 Suction from direct contact Heaters

Pipe Size:
i) 200 NB 1.7 -- 2.1 m/s
iI) 250 NB 1.8 -- 2.3 m/s
iii) 300 NB 2.0 -- 5.5 m/s
iv) 350 NB & larger 2.1 -- 2.6 m/s
 Table - 1

Physical Properties of Water in SI Units

Vapour Bulk
Specific Viscosity Viscosity Surface
Temp. Density Pressure Modulus of
Weight (Dynamic) (Kinamatic) Tension
Head Elasticity
(t) g r m n s pv/g b
( C)
O
(N/m ) 3
(Kg/m )3
(N-s/m )2
(m /s)
2
(N/m) (m) (N/m2)
0 9805 999.9 0.001792 1.792E-06 7.62E-02 0.06 2040000000
5 9806 1000.0 0.001519 1.519E-06 7.54E-02 0.09 2060000000
10 9803 999.7 0.001308 1.308E-06 7.48E-02 0.12 2110000000
15 9798 999.1 0.001140 1.141E-06 7.41E-02 0.17 2140000000
20 9789 998.2 0.001005 1.007E-06 7.36E-02 0.25 2200000000
25 9779 997.1 0.000894 8.966E-07 7.26E-02 0.33 2220000000
30 9767 995.7 0.000801 8.045E-07 7.18E-02 0.44 2230000000
35 9752 994.1 0.000723 7.273E-07 7.10E-02 0.58 2240000000
40 9737 992.2 0.000656 6.612E-07 7.01E-02 0.76 2270000000
45 9720 990.2 0.000599 6.049E-07 6.92E-02 0.98 2290000000
50 9697 988.1 0.000549 5.556E-07 6.82E-02 1.26 2300000000
55 9679 985.2 0.000506 5.136E-07 6.74E-02 1.61 2310000000
60 9658 983.2 0.000469 4.770E-07 6.68E-02 2.03 2280000000
65 9635 980.6 0.000436 4.446E-07 6.58E-02 2.56 2260000000
70 9600 977.8 0.000406 4.152E-07 6.50E-02 3.20 2250000000
75 9589 974.9 0.000380 3.898E-07 6.40E-02 3.96 2230000000
80 9557 971.8 0.000357 3.674E-07 6.30E-02 4.86 2210000000
85 9529 968.6 0.000336 3.469E-07 6.20E-02 5.93 2170000000
90 9499 965.3 0.000317 3.284E-07 6.12E-02 7.18 2160000000
95 9469 961.9 0.000299 3.108E-07 6.02E-02 8.62 2110000000
100 9438 958.4 0.000284 2.963E-07 5.94E-02 10.33 2070000000

Source: Fluid Mechanics by Irving Granett, Prentice-Hall, Page - 45

 Table - 2

Values of Roughness Coefficients for Different Pipe Materials (New, Clean, Commercial Pipe)

Rougness Coefficient
Type of Pipe or Tubing (K)
ft (0.3048 m) x 10-6
( Range ) ( Design )
Asphalted Cast Iron 400 400
Brass 5 5
Cast Iron 850 850
Concrete 1000 - 10000 4000
Copper 5 5
Galvanized Iron 500 500
Riveted Steel 3000 - 30000 6000
Steel 150 150
Wood Stave 600 - 3000 2000
Wrought Iron 150 150

Source: Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 10th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Table 3.3.9, Page - 3-48