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Density Logging MS

The document discusses the basics of well logging, including the borehole environment created by drilling and mud invasion. It introduces key concepts such as the physics of mud-filtrate invasion in overbalanced boreholes. It describes how the drilling and mudding process leads to invasion and outlines factors that determine the radial length of invasion, such as porosity, permeability, and mud properties. It also provides rules for associating well logs with rock outcrops and invasion processes and notes how invasion impacts different well logging techniques.

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LawrenceLopez
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views

Density Logging MS

The document discusses the basics of well logging, including the borehole environment created by drilling and mud invasion. It introduces key concepts such as the physics of mud-filtrate invasion in overbalanced boreholes. It describes how the drilling and mudding process leads to invasion and outlines factors that determine the radial length of invasion, such as porosity, permeability, and mud properties. It also provides rules for associating well logs with rock outcrops and invasion processes and notes how invasion impacts different well logging techniques.

Uploaded by

LawrenceLopez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Well Logging

The Borehole Environment – The


Physics of mud-filtrate invasion
Basic Well-Logging Interpretation
Sequence
Learning Outcomes
• To introduce the concept of mud-filtrate
invasion in overbalanced boreholes.
• To introduce basic terminology, symbols
and definitions associated with the
borehole environment.
• To describe the physical principles
necessary for understanding the impact of
mud-filtrate invasion on well logs.
Recommended Readings
• Chapter 4, “Measurement Environment –
pp 60 – 91in “Theory, Measurement, and
Interpretation of Well Logs” by Zaki
Bassiouni, SPE Textbook Series Vol. 4
(1994).
Before a well is logged it must
be drilled
• Overbalance drilling
process creates the
logging environment

• Environment is similar in
all wells
Has some well-specific
characteristics http://www.offshore-handling-systems.com/products/drill-pipe-connection-guide/
Create a well into a geological reservoir
 Identify
 Explore
 Produce
 Develop

7
Well types

Vertical Horizontal Directional

8
Draw-works

o Cable tool drilling


 Rotary drilling
Rotary table

Drill string

Drill bit

9
Often called drilling mud
Removes cutting and cool down
the bit
Mud tank

o Water-based mud
o Oil-based mud
o Gaseous drilling fluid (air,
gas, foam)
o Synthetic mud

11
Offshore-deep water
fields
o Gaseous drilling fluid
(air, gas, foam)
o Synthetic mud

http://www.halliburton.com/public/solutions/contents/Deep_Water/related_docs/H06682.pdf
Total pressure exerted by a circulating drilling fluid

o Hydrostatic pressure
o Friction pressure
o Surface pressure

13
Mud cake
o Decreases clean up
time
Conventional
o Reduces completions
and stimulation costs
o Increases well
productivity
o Increases ultimate
recovery
14
What Determines the Radial Length of
Invasion?
What Determines the Radial Length of
Invasion?
Important Issues on Mud-filtrate Invasion
• Mass balance is an important governing factor in the process of
mud-filtrate invasion.
• In general, the radial length of mud-filtrate invasion increases with a
decrease of porosity.
• Permeability determines the relative speed of invasion
• The thickness and permeability of mudcake vary as a function of
time toward a limiting value. These two mudcake parameters are
governed by mud properties as well as by the petrophysical
properties of the invaded formation.
• Capillary pressure, gravity segregation, and relative permeability
control the SHAPE of the invasion front.
• Differences in salt concentration between mud and connate water
are important in determining the influence of the process of mud-
filtrate invasion on borehole resistivity measurements.
Work Rules
Rule 1
The Boss is always right.

Rule 2
If the Boss is wrong, see Rule 1.
Well Logging Rules
Rule 1
Every Well Log is associated with a rock
outcrop.

Rule 2
Every Well log is associated with a
process of mud-filtrate invasion.
Facts on Mud-filtrate Invasion
• LWD logs less affected by invasion than
open hole (wireline) logs.
• Time of logging after the onset of invasion
is important.
• Fluids tend to original equilibrium after the
setting of casing.
Acknowledgements:
Mr. Neal Alleyne

Dr. Carlos Torres-Verdin, UT at Austin

Schlumberger

Baker Atlas

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