The Official ASE Study Guide

ASE Automobile
Tests

Includes Light Vehicle/CNG, Exhaust Systems, &Auto Service Consultant Tests

 ASE Automobile Tests

Table of Contents

Overview .......................................................................................3–8

Automobile Tests.........................................................................9–64
• Engine Repair (A1)..........................................................9
• Automatic Transmission/Transaxle (A2).......................15
• Manual Drive Train and Axles (A3)..............................20
• Suspension and Steering (A4).......................................26
• Brakes (A5)....................................................................33
• Electrical/Electronic Systems (A6)................................40
• Heating and Air Conditioning (A7)...............................46
• Engine Performance (A8)..............................................51
• Light Vehicle Diesel Engines (A9)................................58

Service Consultant Test.............................................................65–69

• Automobile Service Consultant (C1)............................65

Alternate Fuels Test..................................................................70–74

• Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (F1)..........................70

Specialty Tests............................................................................75–79
• Exhaust Systems (X1)...................................................75

Test Prep & Training.......................................................................80
 Overview

Introduction
The Official ASE Study Guide of Automobile Tests is designed to help technicians
study for the ASE certification tests. It covers detailed information on the tech-
nology found in most of today’s automobiles, sport utility vehicles, and light
trucks. The specific information about each test, found in the following pages,
should help you review the technical knowledge that is covered in the
Automobile tests. And if needed, you should find it easier to select additional
reference materials that will help you prepare for your test(s).
ASE voluntary certification helps technicians prove their abilities to
themselves, to their employers, and to their customers. By passing ASE tests,
you will earn the most valuable credential available to automotive technicians.
Because the tests are tough, you’ll have the satisfaction of proving to yourself
that you are among the elite in your profession. What’s more, these credentials
are recognized throughout the U.S.
Certified technicians promote customer trust and improve the image of the
industry. And trust and professionalism are the first steps to a better, more
prosperous business.
ASE encourages you to take the tests and to join the proven pros who wear
the ASE Blue Seal of Excellence®.

How Do I Become Certified?

There are nine tests in the Automobile Technician certification series. If you
pass one or more tests, and have at least two years of hands-on working
experience in automotive repair (appropriate training may substitute for up
to one year of experience), you will become certified as an ASE Automobile
Technician.
If you pass tests A1 through A8 and meet the experience requirement, you
will earn the certificate of Master Automobile Technician. Note: Test A9 is not
required for Master Automobile Technician status.
You must have passed test A8 to be eligible to take the Advanced Engine
Performance Specialist (L1) Test. To take the Light Duty Hybrid/Electric Vehicle
Specialist (L3) Test, you must have passed both the A6 and A8 tests.
Your test results will be emailed to you immediately following your testing
appointment. Results will not be given over the phone nor will they be released

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 3

 Overview (continued)

t o anyone without your written permission. If you fail a test, you must wait 30
days from the test date before you can purchase it again.
Certification credentials are valid for five years. This ensures that certified
technicians are recognized as being up-to-date in their profession. If it has been
almost five years since you passed a test, it is time to register for the corresponding
recertification test. Most recertification tests are about half the length of the
regular tests.
This Study Guide contains Test Specifications, Task Lists, and sample
questions for the following ASE tests:
• Automobile Tests: Engine Repair (Test A1); Automatic Transmission/
Transaxle (Test A2); Manual Drive Train and Axles (Test A3); Suspension
and Steering (Test A4); Brakes (Test A5); Electrical/Electronic Systems (Test
A6); Heating and Air Conditioning (Test A7); Engine Performance (Test A8);
and Light Vehicle Diesel Engines (Test A9)
• Service Consultant Test: Automobile Service Consultant (Test C1)
• Alternate Fuels: Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (Test F1)
• Specialty Tests: Exhaust Systems (Test X1)
You will become an Undercar Specialist when you pass the XI test and meet
the following requirements: you must be currently certified in both A4 and A5 to
register for test X1 (regular or recertification).
ASE offers certification in areas including Medium/Heavy Truck, Truck
Equipment, School Bus, Transit Bus, Maintenance & Light Repair, Collision
Repair/Refinish, Parts Specialist, and Advanced Level specialties. Separate Study
Guides are available.
For full information on ASE testing as well as downloadable Study Guides
and other test preparation resources, visit www.ase.com.

Who Writes the Questions?

The questions, written by service industry experts familiar with all aspects of
automobile repair, are entirely job-related. They are designed to test the skills that
you need to know in servicing automobiles; theoretical knowledge is not covered.
Each question has its roots in an ASE “item-writing” workshop where
service representatives from automobile manufacturers (domestic and import),
aftermarket parts and equipment manufacturers, working technicians and
vocational educators meet to share ideas and translate them into test questions.
Each test question written by these experts must survive review by all members
of the group. The questions are written to deal with practical problems of
diagnosis and repair experienced by technicians in their day-to-day work.

Page 4 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Overview (continued)

How Long are the Tests?

Certification Recertification
ASE Tests 2019
Tests Tests

Number of Testing Number of Testing

Test Name questions* time questions time

Automobile/Light Truck Tests

A1 Engine Repair 60* 1¼ hrs. 25 30 min.
A2 Automatic Transmission / Transaxle 60* 1¼ hrs. 25 30 min.
A3 Manual Drive Train and Axles 50* 1 hr. 20 30 min.
A4 Suspension and Steering 50* 1 hr. 20 30 min.
A5 Brakes 55* 1¼ hrs. 23 30 min.
A6 Electrical / Electronic Systems 60* 1½ hrs. 25 45 min.
A7 Heating and Air Conditioning 60* 1¼ hrs. 25 30 min.
A8 Engine Performance 60* 1¼ hrs. 25 45 min.
A9 Light Vehicle Diesel Engines 60* 1¼ hrs. 25 30 min.

Service Consultant Test

C1 Automobile Service Consultant 60* 1¼ hrs. 25 30 min.

Alternate Fuels Test

F1 Compressed Natural Gas Vehicles 65* 1½ hrs. 28 45 min.

Specialty Test
X1 Exhaust Systems 50* 1 hr. 20 30 min.

* ASE certification tests include 10 research questions that are not counted for score.
You will not be told which questions these are, so you should answer every question.
No research questions are added to recertification tests. You are eligible to take the
recertification test only after you have previously passed the corresponding
certification test.

Next, all questions are pre-tested and quality-checked on a national sample

of technicians. Those questions that meet ASE standards of quality and accuracy
are included in the scored sections of the tests; the “rejects” are sent back to the
drawing board or discarded altogether.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 5

 Overview (continued)

How Do I Prepare for the ASE Tests?

Become familiar with test content and question formats.
The Test Specifications in this booklet contain a description of the content
covered by each test. The Task Lists describe the actual work performed by
technicians in each specialty area. Together, these form a “blueprint” for writing
and assembling the ASE tests.
Please note that each question on the test is related to a particular task or set
of tasks in the task list. Therefore, review the task list, thinking about whether
you know how to perform each task listed.
All questions are multiple-choice. The sample questions in this Study Guide
are examples of the five types of questions on the test. Note the different
instructions for each question type.
Be sure to read each question carefully so that you understand exactly what
is being asked. Each question tests a specific diagnostic or repair problem and
has only one correct answer.
To summarize, we suggest the following steps be taken:
Step 1. Carefully read the content list for each test you will attempt.
Step 2. Study the task list for each area.
Step 3. Go over the sample questions to become familiar with each question
type. This is very important!
Step 4. Review steps 1 through 3 and identify the skill areas where you need
additional study.

Getting Started
Registration information is available on the ASE website at www.ase.com. This
site will provide you with the locations that testing is available and other
important information, including an electronic version of this and all other ASE
Study Guides.
While on the ASE website, take the time to create your own myASE account
(if you do not already have one), which will allow you to register for tests, make
your own test appointments, and have direct access to all your personal ASE
certification information. And as always, if you have questions that www.ase.com
does not answer, contact our helpful customer service staff at [email protected]
or 1-800-390-6789.

Page 6 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Overview (continued)

At the Test Center—Some Tips

Try to be well rested on exam day. Arrive early
enough to park and find the Test Center office. Bring--
Late arrivals may be turned away by Test  Admission Ticket
Center staff. If you cannot take a test because  Current Gov’t
you are late, you will forfeit your test fees. Issued Photo ID
Bring your Admission Ticket and
government-issued photo ID with you. Books, Leave in locker--
calculators, and other reference materials will  Books
not be permitted in the test room. You will be  Calculator
assigned a locker to store all your personal  Coat
items. No electronic devices (including cell  Cell Phone
phones) are allowed in the test room. Most test  Wallet
centers have airport-level security procedures  Keys
for all candidates, so be prepared for “wanding”
or other security checks.
You will receive scratch paper and pencils, and if you are taking an
Advanced Level L1 or L2 test, a Composite Vehicle Reference booklet. Each test
appointment begins with a short tutorial on the operation of the testing platform.
You can also preview the system online at www.ase.com/asedemo before you
arrive at the Test Center.
Each test has a specific time limit, as listed in the chart on page 5. As you
take each test, the computer screen will continuously display the amount of time
left. If you finish early, you may either review your answers or end the test and
continue to the next test (if your appointment includes multiple tests). Once you
submit a test for scoring, you cannot go back and review it. If you are taking
several tests and need a short break, take it after you have completed a test, when
you reach the screen that asks if you are taking additional tests. Do not take a
break during your test as the test clock will continue to run.
If a question is difficult, mark the answer that you think is correct and
flag the question using the on-screen button. Then go on to the next question.
When you have finished the test, you may have time to go back to the flagged
questions. Your score is based on the number of correct answers that you give, so
you should try to answer every question.
When you finish your last test, you will be given a short customer
satisfaction survey. After you complete the survey, inform the staff and leave.
When you check your email, you test results will be waiting for you! If you need
a paper copy right away, ask the staff to print your results before you leave the
test center.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 7

 Overview (continued)

Test Content and Sample Questions

The following material is designed to help technicians prepare for the ASE
certification tests.
Each section begins with the Test Specifications, which will list the main
categories covered and the number of test questions, as well as percentage of the
test devoted to each topic.
The Task List describes the work activities a technician should be able to
perform. This list was developed by working technicians and technical experts
from across the country and will provide a valuable checklist telling you what to
study for the test.
Note that the number of tasks in the list does not equal the number of
questions on the test. Some tasks are complex and broad in scope and may be
covered by several questions. Other tasks are simple and narrow in scope and one
question may cover several tasks. The main goal in listing the tasks is to describe
accurately what is done on the job, not to match each task to a particular test
question. In other words, every question will relate to at least one task, but not
every task will be covered on the test.
Sample questions follow the task list. Although these questions will not
appear on tests, they are in the same format as actual test questions. Different
types of multiple-choice questions are used on the ASE tests. Note the different
instructions for some questions. ■

Page 8 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Test Specifications and Task List
Engine Repair (Test A1)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. General Engine Diagnosis 15 30%
B. Cylinder Head and Valve Train
Diagnosis and Repair 10 20%
C. Engine Block Diagnosis and Repair 10 20%
D. Lubrication and Cooling Systems
Diagnosis and Repair 8 16%
E. Fuel, Electrical, Ignition, and Exhaust
Systems Inspection and Service 7 14%
Total 50 100%

A. General Engine Diagnosis (15 questions)

1. Verify customer concern and/or road test vehicle; determine needed action.
2. Determine if no-cranking, cranks but will not start, or hard starting condition is an
engine mechanical problem, or is caused by another vehicle subsystem.
3. Inspect engine assembly for fuel, oil, coolant and other leaks; determine needed action.
4. Isolate engine noises and vibrations; determine needed action.
5. Diagnose the cause of excessive oil consumption, coolant consumption, unusual
engine exhaust color and odor; determine needed action.
6. Perform engine manifold vacuum or pressure tests; determine needed action.
7. Perform cylinder power balance tests; determine needed action.
8. Perform cylinder compression tests; determine needed action.
9. Perform cylinder leakage/leak-down tests; determine needed action.
10. Research system operation using technical information to determine service
procedures and specifications.
B. Cylinder Head and Valve Train Diagnosis and Repair (10 questions)
1. Remove cylinder heads, disassemble, clean, and prepare for inspection.
2. Visually inspect cylinder heads for cracks, warpage, corrosion, leakage, and the
condition of passages; determine needed repairs.
3. Inspect and repair damaged threads where allowed; install core and gallery plugs.
4. Inspect, test, and verify valve springs for squareness, pressure, and free height
comparison; replace as needed.
5. Inspect valve spring retainers, rotators, valve locks, and valve lock grooves.
6. Replace valve stem seals.
7. Inspect valve guides for wear; check valve stem-to-guide clearance; determine
needed repairs.
8. Inspect valves and valve seats; determine needed repairs.
9. Check valve spring installed (assembled) height and valve stem height; determine
needed repairs.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 9

 A1 Task List (continued)
10. Inspect pushrods, rocker arms, rocker arm pivots, and rocker arm shafts for wear,
bending, cracks, looseness, and blocked oil passages; repair or replace as required.
11. Inspect hydraulic or mechanical lifters/lash adjusters; replace as needed.
12. Adjust valves on engines with mechanical or hydraulic lifters.
13. Inspect camshaft drive gear train components (includes gear, chain and belt systems);
repair or replace as needed.
14. Inspect and measure camshaft journals and lobes; measure camshaft lift; determine
needed repairs.
15. Inspect and measure camshaft bore for wear, damage, out-of-round, and alignment;
determine needed repairs.
16. Inspect valve timing; time camshaft(s) to crankshaft.
17. Inspect cylinder head mating surface condition and finish, reassemble and install gasket(s)
and cylinder head(s); replace/torque bolts according to manufacturers’ procedures.
18. Inspect overhead camshaft variable valve timing components; repair or replace as needed.
19. Inspect variable valve lift components; repair or replace as needed.
C. Engine Block Diagnosis and Repair (10 questions)
1. Remove and disassemble engine block; clean, identify selective parts, mark location
and orientation, and prepare components for inspection and reassembly.
2. Visually inspect engine block for cracks, corrosion, the condition of passages, core
and gallery plug hole condition, surface warpage, and surface finish and condition;
inspect piston oil cooling nozzle/jets for damage, proper alignment and restrictions;
determine needed action.
3. Inspect and repair damaged threads where allowed; install core and gallery plugs.
4. Clean and inspect cylinder walls; measure cylinder bore; determine needed action.
5. Inspect crankshaft for endplay, journal damage, keyway damage, visual surface
cracks, thrust flange and sealing surface condition; check oil passage condition;
measure journal wear; check crankshaft reluctor ring/tone wheel (where applicable);
determine needed action.
6. Inspect main bearing wear patterns; inspect and measure main bearing bores and cap
alignment; mark caps for location and direction; clean and inspect crankshaft girdle
(bed plate/ladder) where applicable.
7. Install main bearings and crankshaft; check bearing clearances and endplay; inspect,
replace and torque bolts according to manufacturer's procedures.
8. Inspect camshaft bearings for excessive wear and alignment; replace bearings if
necessary; install camshaft, timing chain and gears; check endplay.
9. Inspect auxiliary (balance, intermediate, idler, counterbalance or silencer) shaft(s),
drive(s)/gear(s), chain(s), and support bearings for damage and wear; time balance
shaft to crankshaft; determine needed action.
10. Inspect, measure, service or replace pistons and piston/wrist pins; identify piston
and bearing wear patterns caused by connecting rod alignment concerns; determine
needed action.
11. Inspect connecting rods and bearings for damage, bore condition, and pin fit; mark
caps for location and direction; determine needed action.
12. Inspect, measure, and install or replace piston rings; assemble piston and connecting
rod; install piston/rod assembly; check bearing clearance and sideplay; install
connecting rod bearings; inspect, replace and torque fasteners according to
manufacturer's procedures.

Page 10 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A1 Task List (continued)
13. Inspect, reinstall or replace crankshaft vibration damper/harmonic balancer.
14. Inspect crankshaft flange and flywheel mating surfaces; inspect and replace
crankshaft pilot bearing/bushing (if applicable); inspect flywheel/flexplate and
flywheel ring gear for cracks and wear (includes dual-mass flywheel); measure
flywheel runout; determine needed action.
15. Inspect and replace pans and covers.
16. Assemble the engine using gaskets, seals, formed-in-place (tube-applied) sealants,
and thread sealers according to manufacturers’ specifications; reinstall engine; prime
lubrication system as needed.
17. Inspect in-block camshaft variable valve timing components; repair or replace as needed.
18. Inspect cylinder deactivation system; determine needed action.
D. Lubrication and Cooling Systems Diagnosis and Repair (8 questions)
1. Diagnose engine lubrication system problems; perform oil pressure tests; perform
engine oil dye test; determine needed action.
2. Disassemble and inspect oil pump (includes gears, rotors, housing, pick-up assembly
and variable displacement components); measure oil pump clearance; inspect pressure
relief devices, control systems, and pump drive (includes belt/chain drive); determine
needed action.
3. Inspect, flush, and test internal and external engine oil coolers; determine needed action.
4. Change engine oil and filter(s) using proper type, viscosity, and rating per
manufacturer's specifications.
5. Perform cooling system pressure tests; perform coolant dye test; determine needed action.
6. Inspect and test radiator, heater core, pressure cap, and coolant recovery system;
replace as required.
7. Inspect, reinstall or replace, and adjust drive belt(s), tensioner(s), and pulleys.
8. Inspect and replace engine cooling system and heater system hoses, pipes, fittings and
valves.
9. Inspect, test, reinstall or replace thermostat, coolant by-pass, and thermostat housing
(including electronically controlled thermostats).
10. Inspect and replace water pump(s) (including electrical water pumps).
11. Inspect and test coolant; drain, flush, and refill cooling system with recommended
coolant; bleed air as required.
12. Inspect and test fan (both electrical and mechanical), fan clutch, fan shroud, air dams,
and cooling fan electrical circuits; repair or replace as required.
13. Verify proper operation of engine related warning indicators.
E. Fuel, Electrical, Ignition, and Exhaust Systems Inspection and Service
(7 questions)
1. Inspect, clean or replace fuel injection system components (including gasoline direct
injection/GDI), intake manifold, and gaskets.
2. Inspect, service or replace air filters, filter housings, and intake ductwork.
3. Inspect turbocharger/supercharger systems; determine needed action.
4. Test engine cranking system; determine needed repairs.
5. Inspect and test positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system components; replace as
needed.
6. Inspect and test ignition system components; replace as needed.
7. Inspect and diagnose exhaust system; determine needed repairs. ■

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 11

 Sample Questions
Engine Repair (Test A1)
1. An engine makes a knocking noise with the transmission in DRIVE.
The knocking noise is not heard in PARK or NEUTRAL. Which of these
could be the cause?
(A) Excessive main bearing clearance
(B) Low oil pressure
* (C) A cracked flexplate
(D) A broken piston ring

2. An engine is overheating and has white smoke coming from the tail
pipe. The cooling system is pressure tested and will not nold pressure.
This could be caused by:
* (A) a blown head gasket.
(B) a restricted piston oil nozzle.
(C) a stuck-open thermostat.
(D) an incorrect PCV valve.

3. An engine compression test identifies that one cylinder has low
compression. During a leak down test of the cylinder, excessive leakage
is observed and air is heard coming out of the tail pipe. Which of these
could be the cause?
(A) Broken piston rings
(B) A blown head gasket
(C) A leaking exhaust manifold gasket
* (D) An exhaust valve not seating

4. A technician is reassembling a cylinder head.

In the illustration shown, which of these is the
technician measuring?
(A) Installed stem height
(B) Valve spring squareness
* (C) Installed spring height
(D) Valve spring pressure

Page 12 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A1 Sample Questions (continued)

5. An engine produces blue smoke when accelerating from a stop.

Technician A says that worn exhaust valve guides could be the cause.
Technician B says that worn exhaust valve seats could be the cause.
Who is right?
(A) A only
(B) B only
(C) Both A and B
* (D) Neither A nor B

6. To determine piston-to-cylinder wall clearance, the diameter of the

piston shown should be
measured at: W W

(A) W.
(B) X.
* (C) Y.
X X
(D) Z.

Y Y

Z Z

7. Technician A says that the setup shown can be used to check cylinder
taper.
Technician B says that the setup
shown can be used to check cylinder
out-of-round.
Who is right?

(A) A only
(B) B only
* (C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 13

 A1 Sample Questions (continued)

8. An engine overheats at higher rpms and returns to normal temperature

at lower rpms. Which of these could be the cause?
(A) A stuck-on cooling fan relay
* (B) A worn water pump belt tensioner
(C) A restricted heater core
(D) An incorrect coolant concentration

9. A fuel-injected engine has low fuel pressure at the fuel rail test port.
This could be caused by a:
* (A) restricted fuel filter.
(B) restricted fuel injector.
(C) stuck-closed fuel pressure regulator
(D) shorted fuel injector

This question contains the word EXCEPT. Read the question carefully
before choosing your answer.

10. An engine with a variable valve timing (VVT) system has stored a VVT
performance DTC. Any of these could be the cause EXCEPT a:
* (A) stuck-open oil filter bypass valve.
(B) restricted oil control solenoid screen.
(C) sticking camshaft actuator/phaser.
(D) restricted oil pump pickup screen.

Page 14 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Test Specifications and Task List
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle (Test A2)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. General Transmission/Transaxle Diagnosis 25 50%
1. Mechanical/Hydraulic Systems (11)
2. Electronic Systems (14)
B. In-Vehicle Transmission/Transaxle
Maintenance and Repair 12 24%
C. Off-Vehicle Transmission/Transaxle Repair 13 26%
1. Removal and Installation (4)
2. Disassembly and Assembly (5)
3. Friction and Reaction Units (4)
Total 50 100%

A. General Transmission/Transaxle Diagnosis (25 questions)

1. Mechanical/Hydraulic Systems (11 questions)
1. Road test the vehicle to verify mechanical/hydraulic system problems based on
driver’s concern; determine necessary action.
2. Diagnose noise, vibration, harshness, and shift quality problems; determine necessary
action.
3. Diagnose fluid loss, type, level, and condition problems; determine necessary action.
4. Perform pressure tests; determine necessary action.
5. Perform stall tests; determine necessary action.
6. Perform torque converter clutch (lock-up converter) mechanical/hydraulic system
tests; determine necessary action.
2. Electronic Systems (14 questions)
1. Road test the vehicle to verify electronic system problems based on driver’s concern;
determine necessary action.
2. Perform pressure tests on transmissions equipped with electronic pressure control;
determine necessary action.
3. Perform torque converter clutch (lock up converter) electronic system tests;
determine necessary action.
4. Diagnose electronic transmission control systems using appropriate test equipment,
service information, technical service bulletins, and schematics; diagnose shorts,
grounds, opens, and resistance problems in electrical/electronic circuits; determine
necessary action.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 15

 A2 Task List (continued)

5. Verify proper operation of charging system; check battery, connections, and

power/ground circuits.
6. Differentiate between engine performance, or other vehicle systems, and
transmission/transaxle related problems; determine necessary action.
7. Diagnose shift quality concerns resulting from problems in the electronic
transmission control system; determine necessary action.
B. In-Vehicle Transmission/Transaxle Maintenance and Repair
(12 questions)
1. Inspect, adjust, and replace manual valve shift linkage, transmission range
sensor/switch, and park/neutral position switch (inhibitor/neutral safety switch).
2. Inspect, adjust, and replace cables or linkages for the throttle valve (TV) and
accelerator pedal.
3. Inspect and replace external seals and gaskets.
4. Inspect and replace driveshaft yoke, drive axle joints, and bushings, and seals.
5. Check condition and operation of engine cooling system; inspect transmission cooler,
lines and fittings.
6. Inspect valve body mating surfaces, bores, valves, springs, sleeves, retainers,
brackets, check balls, screens, spacer plates, and gaskets; replace as necessary.
7. Torque valve body fasteners to specification.
8. Inspect accumulator and servo bores, pistons, seals, pins/pin bores, springs, and
retainers; repair or replace as necessary.
9. Inspect, test, adjust, repair, or replace electrical/electronic components and circuits
including control modules, solenoids, sensors, relays, terminals, connectors, switches,
and harnesses.
10. Inspect, replace, and/or align power train mounts.
11. Replace fluid and filter(s); verify proper fluid level and type (for transmissions with,
or without, a dipstick).
C. Off-Vehicle Transmission/Transaxle Repair (13 questions)
1. Removal and Installation (4 questions)
1. Remove and install transmission/transaxle; inspect engine core plugs, rear crankshaft
seal, transmission dowel pins, dowel pin holes, and mating surfaces.
2. Inspect converter flex (drive) plate, converter attaching bolts, converter pilot,
crankshaft pilot bore, converter pump drive surfaces.
3. Install torque converter and establish correct converter-to-pump engagement; inspect
converter free movement for pilot engagement during transmission installation.
4. Inspect, test, flush or replace transmission fluid cooler.
5. Inspect brackets, wiring harnesses, fuel lines, heat shields, inspection covers, and
related components for proper routing and installation.
6. Perform module coding and/or programming (including adaptive learning reset);
road test to confirm proper operation.
2. Disassembly and Assembly (5 questions)
1. Disassemble, clean, and inspect transmission case, sub-assemblies, mating surfaces,
and thread condition.
2. Inspect and measure fluid pump components; replace as necessary.

Page 16 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A2 Task List (continued)

3. Check bearing preload; determine needed service.

4. Check end play; inspect, measure, and replace thrust washers and bearings as needed.
5. Inspect shafts; replace as necessary.
6. Inspect fluid delivery circuit, including seal rings, ring grooves, sealing surface areas,
feed pipes, orifices, and encapsulated check valves (balls).
7. Inspect bushings; replace as necessary.
8. Inspect and measure components of the planetary gear assembly; replace as
necessary.
9. Inspect case bores, passages, bushings, vents, mating surfaces, and dowel pins;
repair or replace as necessary.
10. Inspect valve body mating surfaces, bores, valves, solenoids, springs, sleeves,
retainers, brackets, check balls, screens, spacer plates, and gaskets; replace as
necessary.
11. Inspect transaxle drive chains, sprockets, gears, bearings, and bushings; replace as
necessary.
12. Inspect and measure transaxle final drive components; repair, replace and/or adjust
as necessary.
13. Assemble after repair.
3. Friction and Reaction Units (4 questions)
1. Inspect components of the hydraulic clutch pack assembly; replace as necessary.
2. Measure clutch pack clearance; adjust as necessary.
3. Air test the operation of clutch and servo assemblies.
4. Inspect components of one way clutch assemblies; replace as necessary.
5. Inspect bands and drums (housings/cylinders); replace and/or adjust as necessary. ■

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 17

 Sample Questions
Automatic Transmission/Transaxle (Test A2)

1. An automatic transmission does not hold in PARK.

Technician A says that misadjusted shift linkage could be the cause.
Technician B says that a roller clutch installed backwards could be the
cause.
Who is right?
* (A) A only
(B) B only
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B

2. A vehicle with an automatic transaxle and a properly tuned engine

accelerates poorly from a stop. Acceleration is normal above 35 mph.
Which of these could be the cause?
(A) A worn front pump
* (B) A failed torque converter
(C) A worn planetary gear set
(D) A low fluid level

3. The transmission slips when cold. Which of these could be the cause?
(A) A shorted low/reverse pressure switch
(B) Line pressure is at maximum in 1st gear
(C) A disconnected line pressure sensor
* (D) Low line pressure

4. The automatic transaxle upshifts harshly during normal acceleration.
The cause could be a failed:
(A) oxygen sensor.
(B) idle air control valve.
* (C) throttle position sensor.
(D) intake air temperature sensor.

Page 18 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A2 Sample Questions (continued)

5. With the transmission pan removed, the best way to pin-point an oil
pressure leak is to:
(A) check the filter pick-up tube seal.
(B) check the line pressure.
(C) remove and check the valve body.
* (D) perform an air pressure test.

6. The tool in the setup shown is being used

to remove the:
* (A) stator support bushing.
(B) stator support seal.
(C) pump body torque converter
support bushing.
(D) pump body torque converter seal.

7. A vehicle with an OBD II computer system has stored transmission

trouble codes. After repairs are completed, the trouble codes should be
cleared by:

(A) disconnecting the battery.

(B) disconnecting the TCM.
* (C) using a scan tool.
(D) removing the TCM fuse.

This question contains the word EXCEPT. Read the question carefully
before choosing your answer.

8. Too much automatic transmission shaft end play could be caused by

any of these EXCEPT a worn:
* (A) clutch.
(B) selective washer.
(C) transmission case.
(D) planetary carrier.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 19

 Test Specifications and Task List
Manual Drive Train and Axles (Test A3)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. Clutch Diagnosis and Repair 6 16%
B. Transmission Diagnosis and Repair 7 17%
C. Transaxle Diagnosis and Repair 7 17%
D. Drive Shaft/Half-Shaft and Universal
Joint/Constant Velocity (CV) Joint
Diagnosis and Repair (Front and Rear
Wheel Drive) 5 13%
E. Drive Axle Diagnosis and Repair 7 17%
1. Ring and Pinion Gears (3)
2. Differential Case/Carrier Assembly (2)
3. Limited Slip/Locking Differential (1)
4. Axle Shafts and Housing(1)
F. Four-Wheel Drive/All-Wheel Drive
Component Diagnosis and Repair 8 20%
Total 40 100%

A. Clutch Diagnosis and Repair (6 questions)

1. Diagnose clutch noise, binding, slippage, pulsation, chatter, pedal feel/effort, and
release problems; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect, adjust, and replace clutch pedal linkage, brackets, bushings, pivots, springs,
and electrical switches.
3. Inspect, adjust, replace, and bleed hydraulic clutch slave/release cylinder, master
cylinder, lines, and hoses; clean and flush hydraulic system; refill with proper fluid.
4. Inspect, adjust, and replace release (throw-out) bearing, bearing retainer, lever, and
pivot.
5. Inspect and replace clutch disc and pressure plate assembly; inspect input shaft pilot
and splines.
6. Inspect pilot bearing/bushing inner and outer bores; inspect and replace pilot
bearing/bushing.
7. Inspect and measure flywheel and ring gear; inspect dual-mass flywheel where
required; repair or replace as necessary.
8. Inspect engine block, clutch (bell) housing, transmission case mating surfaces, and
alignment dowels; inspect engine core plugs, rear main engine seal, and other
sources of fluid contamination; determine needed repairs.

Page 20 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A3 Task List (continued)

9. Measure flywheel surface runout and crankshaft end play; determine needed repairs.
10. Inspect, replace, and align powertrain mounts.

B. Transmission Diagnosis and Repair (7 questions)

1. Diagnose transmission noise, difficult shifting, gear clash, jumping out of gear, fluid
condition and type, and fluid leakage problems; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect, adjust, lubricate and replace transmission external shift assemblies, linkages,
brackets, bushings/grommets, cables, pivots, and levers.
3. Inspect and replace transmission gaskets, sealants, seals, and fasteners; inspect
sealing surfaces.
4. Remove and replace transmission; inspect transmission mounts.
5. Disassemble and clean transmission components; reassemble transmission.
6. Inspect, repair, and/or replace transmission shift cover and internal shift forks,
bushings, bearings, levers, shafts, sleeves, detent mechanisms, interlocks, and
springs.
7. Inspect and replace input (clutch) shaft, bearings, and retainers.
8. Inspect and replace output (main) shaft, gears, thrust washers, bearings, and retainers/
snap rings; measure clearance and end play.
9. Inspect and replace synchronizer hub, sleeve, keys (inserts), springs, and blocking
(synchronizing) rings/mechanisms; measure blocking ring clearance.
10. Inspect and replace countershaft, counter (cluster) gear, bearings, thrust washers,
and retainers/snap rings.
11. Inspect and replace reverse idler gear, shaft, bearings/bushings, thrust washers, and
retainers/snap rings.
12. Measure and adjust bearing preload or end play (shim/spacer selection procedure).
13. Inspect, repair, and replace extension housing and transmission case mating surfaces,
bores, dowels, bushings, and vents.
14. Inspect and replace transmission components related to speedometer operation.
15. Inspect, test, and replace transmission sensors, actuators, and switches.
16. Inspect lubrication systems.
17. Check fluid level; refill with proper fluid.
C. Transaxle Diagnosis and Repair (7 questions)
1. Diagnose transaxle noise, difficult shifting, gear clash, jumping out of gear, fluid
condition and type, and fluid leakage problems; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect, adjust, lubricate and replace transaxle external shift assemblies, linkages,
brackets, bushings/grommets, cables, pivots, and levers.
3. Inspect and replace transaxle gaskets, sealants, seals, and fasteners; inspect sealing
surfaces.
4. Remove and replace transaxle; inspect, replace, and align transaxle mounts and
subframe/cradle assembly.
5. Disassemble and clean transaxle components; reassemble transaxle.
6. Inspect, repair, and/or replace transaxle shift cover and internal shift forks, levers,
bushings, shafts, sleeves, detent mechanisms, interlocks, and springs.
7. Inspect and replace input (clutch) shaft and output (main) shaft, gears, thrust washers,
bearings, and retainers/snap rings.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 21

 A3 Task List (continued)

8. Inspect and replace synchronizer hub, sleeve, keys (inserts), springs, and blocking
(synchronizing) rings; measure blocking ring clearance.
9. Inspect and replace reverse idler gear, shaft, bearings/bushings, thrust washers, and
retainers/snap rings.
10. Inspect, repair, and/or replace transaxle case mating surfaces, bores, dowels,
bushings, bearings, and vents.
11. Inspect and replace transaxle components related to speedometer operation.
12. Inspect, test, and replace transaxle sensors, actuators, and switches.
13. Diagnose differential assembly noise and wear; determine needed repairs.
14. Remove and replace differential final drive assembly.
15. Inspect, measure, adjust and replace differential pinion (spider) gears, shaft, side
gears, thrust washers, side bearings, and case/carrier.
16. Diagnose limited slip differential noise, slippage, and chatter problems; determine
needed repairs.
17. Measure and adjust shaft and differential bearing preload and end play (shim/spacer
selection procedure).
18. Inspect lubrication systems.
19. Check fluid level; refill with proper fluid.

D. Drive Shaft/Half-Shaft and Universal Joint/Constant Velocity (CV) Joint

Diagnosis and Repair (Front and Rear Wheel Drive) (5 questions)
1. Diagnose drive/half shaft and universal/CV joint noise and vibration problems;
determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect, service, and replace shafts, yokes, boots, and universal/CV joints; verify
proper phasing.
3. Inspect, service, and replace center support and intermediate shaft bearings.
4. Check and correct drive/propeller shaft balance.
5. Measure drive shaft runout.
6. Measure and adjust drive shaft working angles.
7. Diagnose, inspect, service, and replace wheel bearings, seals, and hubs.

E. Drive Axle Diagnosis and Repair (7 questions)

1. Ring and Pinion Gears (3 questions)
1. Diagnose noise, vibration, and fluid leakage problems; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect and replace companion flange, yoke, and pinion seal; measure companion
flange runout.
3. Measure ring gear runout; determine needed repairs.
4. Inspect and replace ring and pinion gear set, collapsible spacers/sleeves, shims,
and bearings.
5. Measure and adjust drive pinion depth.
6. Measure and adjust drive pinion bearing preload (collapsible spacersleeve or shim
type).
7. Measure and adjust differential (side) bearing preload, and ring and pinion backlash
(threaded adjuster or shim type).
8. Perform ring and pinion tooth contact pattern checks; determine needed adjustments.

Page 22 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A3 Task List (continued)

2. Differential Case/Carrier Assembly (2 questions)

1. Diagnose differential assembly noise and vibration problems; determine needed
repairs.
2. Remove and replace differential assembly.
3. Inspect, measure, adjust and replace differential pinion (spider) gears, shaft, side
gears, thrust washers, side bearings, and case/carrier.
4. Measure differential case/carrier runout; determine needed repairs.
3. Limited Slip/Locking Differential (1 question)
1. Diagnose limited slip differential noise, slippage, and chatter problems; determine
needed repairs.
2. Inspect, drain, and refill with proper lubricant.
3. Inspect, adjust, repair or replace limited slip or locking assembly components.
4. Axle Shafts and Housing (1 question)
1. Diagnose rear axle shaft noise, vibration, and fluid leakage problems; determine
needed repairs.
2. Inspect and replace rear axle shaft wheel studs.
3. Remove, inspect, adjust, and/or replace rear axle shafts, splines, seals, bearings,
and retainers.
4. Measure rear axle flange runout and shaft end play; determine needed repairs.
5. Inspect axle housing and vent.

F. Four-Wheel Drive/All-Wheel Drive Component Diagnosis and Repair

(8 questions)
1. Diagnose drive assembly noise, vibration, leakage and steering problems; determine
needed repairs.
2. Inspect, adjust, and repair transfer case manual shifting mechanisms, bushings,
mounts, levers, and brackets.
3. Remove and replace transfer case.
4. Disassemble transfer case; clean and inspect internal transfer case components;
determine needed repairs.
5. Reassemble transfer case.
6. Check transfer case fluid level; drain and refill with proper fluid.
7. Inspect, service, and replace drive/propeller shaft and universal/CV joints.
8. Inspect, service, and replace drive axle universal/CV joints and drive/half-shafts.
9. Inspect, service, and replace wheel bearings, seals, and hubs.
10. Check transfer case and axle seals and all vents.
11. Diagnose drive system actuation and engagement concerns; repair or replace
components as necessary (including: viscous, hydraulic, magnetic, mechanical,
vacuum, and electrial/electronic).
12. Inspect tires for condition and matching circumference; verify proper size for vehicle
application. ■

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 23

 Sample Questions
Manual Drive Train and Axles (Test A3)

1. Excessive brass filings are found in the fluid of a manual transmission.

Which of these could be the cause?
(A) Loose main shaft bearings
(B) Loose countershaft bearings
* (C) Worn blocker rings
(D) Broken input shaft gear teeth

2. A manual transaxle makes a clunking noise on acceleration and on

deceleration.
Technician A says that a loose differential case pinion shaft could be
the cause.
Technician B says that a worn clutch release bearing could be the
cause.
Who is right?

* (A) A only
(B) B only
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B

3. A front-wheel drive vehicle has a vibration only when cornering. Which

of these could be the cause?
(A) An out-of-balance tire
* (B) A worn CV joint
(C) A worn ring gear
(D) An out-of-balance axle shaft

4. Using the illustration shown, the
technician is measuring pinion bearing:
(A) backlash. Pinion Yoke
(B) runout. Inch Pound
* (C) preload. Torque Wrench
(D) depth.

Page 24 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A3 Sample Questions (continued)

5. Which of these is the technician

measuring in the illustration shown?
* (A) Side gear clearance
(B) Ring gear runout
(C) Pinion depth
(D) Bearing preload

6. A four-wheel drive vehicle vibrates while the front axle is engaged.

Technician A says that a failed rear axle shaft bearing could be the
cause.
Technician B says that different front and rear tire diameters could be
the cause.
Who is right?
(A) A only (C) Both A and B
* (B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

7. A clutch chatters during engagement following a clutch replacement.
Which of these could be the cause?

(A) An incorrect throw-out bearing

(B) A bent release fork
(C) Stiff clutch linkage
* (D) Poor flywheel surface finish

This question contains the word EXCEPT. Read the question carefully
before choosing your answer.

8. The clutch does not release fully when the pedal is pushed to the floor.
Any of these could be the cause EXCEPT:
* (A) weak pressure plate springs.
(B) too much free pedal travel.
(C) a warped clutch disc.
(D) a seized pilot bearing.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 25

 Test Specifications and Task List
Suspension and Steering (Test A4)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. Steering Systems Diagnosis and Repair 12 30%
B. Suspension Systems Diagnosis and Repair 12 30%
C. Wheel Alignment Diagnosis, Adjustment,
and Repair 11 28%
D. Wheel and Tire Diagnosis and Service 5 12%
Total 40 100%

A. Steering Systems Diagnosis and Repair (12 questions)

► Steering Columns
1. Diagnose steering column noises and steering effort concerns (including manual and
electronic tilt and telescoping mechanisms); determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect and replace steering column, steering shaft U‑joint(s), flexible coupling(s),
collapsible columns, and steering wheels (including steering wheels and columns
equipped with air bags and/or other steering wheel/column mounted controls,
sensors, and components).
3. Disarm, enable, and properly handle airbag system components during vehicle
service following manufacturers’ procedures.
4. Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair or replace components (including motors,
sensors, switches, actuators, harnesses, and control units) of steering
column-mounted, electronically controlled, hydraulically and/or electrically assisted
steering systems; initialize systems as required.
► Steering Units
5. Diagnose steering gear (non‑rack and pinion type) noises, binding, vibration,
freeplay, steering effort, steering pull (lead), and leakage concerns; determine
needed repairs.
6. Diagnose rack and pinion steering gear noises, binding, vibration, freeplay, steering
effort, steering pull (lead), and leakage concerns; determine needed repairs.
7. Inspect power steering fluid level and condition; determine fluid type and adjust
fluid level in accordance with vehicle manufacturers’ recommendations.
8. Inspect, adjust, align, and replace power steering pump belt(s), tensioners and
pulleys.

Page 26 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A4 Task List (continued)

9. Diagnose power steering pump noises, vibration, and fluid leakage; determine
needed repairs.
10. Remove and replace power steering pump; inspect pump mounting and
attaching brackets; remove and replace power steering pump pulley; transfer
related components.
11. Perform power steering system pressure and flow tests; determine needed repairs.
12. Inspect and replace power steering hoses, fittings, O‑rings, coolers, and filters.
13. Remove and replace steering gear (non‑rack and pinion type).
14. Remove and replace rack and pinion steering gear; inspect and replace mounting
bushings and brackets.
15. Adjust steering gear (non‑rack and pinion type) worm bearing preload and sector
lash.
16. Inspect and replace steering gear (non‑rack and pinion type) seals and gaskets.
17. Adjust rack and pinion steering gear.
18. Inspect and replace rack and pinion steering gear bellows/boots.
19. Flush, fill, and bleed power steering system.
20. Diagnose, inspect, repair or replace components of variable‑assist and/or variable-
ratio steering systems.
21. Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair or replace components (including motors, sensors,
switches, actuators, harnesses, and control units) of rack-mounted, electronically
controlled, hydraulically and/or electrically assisted steering systems; initialize
systems as required.
► Steering Linkage
22. Inspect and adjust (where applicable) front and rear steering linkage geometry
(including parallelism and vehicle ride height).
23. Inspect and replace pitman arm.
24. Inspect and replace center link (relay rod/drag link/intermediate rod).
25. Inspect, adjust (where applicable), and replace idler arm(s) and mountings.
26. Inspect, replace, and adjust tie rods, tie rod sleeves/adjusters, clamps, and tie rod ends
(sockets/bushings).
27. Inspect and replace steering linkage damper(s).
B. Suspension Systems Diagnosis and Repair (12 questions)
► Front Suspensions
1. Diagnose front suspension system noises, handling, ride height and ride quality
concerns; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect and replace upper and lower control arms, bushings, and shafts.
3. Inspect and replace rebound and jounce bumpers.
4. Inspect, adjust, and replace track bar, strut rods/radius arms, and related
mounts/bushings.
5. Inspect and replace upper and lower ball joints (with or without wear indicators).
6. Inspect non-independent front axle assembly for damage and misalignment.
7. Inspect and replace front steering knuckle/spindle assemblies and steering arms.
8. Inspect and replace front suspension system coil springs and spring insulators
(silencers).

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 27

 A4 Task List (continued)

9. Inspect and replace front suspension system leaf spring(s), leaf spring insulators
(silencers), shackles, brackets, bushings, center pins/bolts, and mounts.
10. Inspect, replace, and adjust front suspension system torsion bars and mounts.
11. Inspect and replace front stabilizer bar (sway bar) bushings, brackets, and links.
12. Inspect and replace front strut cartridge or assembly.
13. Inspect and replace front strut bearing(s) and mount(s).
14. Inspect and replace shock absorbers, mounts, and bushings.
15. Diagnose and service front wheel bearings/hub assemblies.
16. Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair or replace components (including sensors, switches,
actuators, harnesses, and control units) of electrically/hydraulically/pneumatically
controlled suspension systems (including primary and supplemental suspension and
ride control systems).
17. Inspect and repair front (crossmember/subframe) mountings, bushings, brackets, and
bolts.
► Rear Suspensions
18. Diagnose rear suspension system noises, handling, ride height and ride quality
concerns; determine needed repairs.
19. Inspect and replace rear suspension system coil springs and spring insulators
(silencers).
20. Inspect and replace rear suspension system lateral links/arms (track bars), control
(trailing) arms, stabilizer bars (sway bars), bushings, and mounts.
21. Inspect and replace rear suspension system leaf spring(s), leaf spring insulators
(silencers), shackles, brackets, bushings, center pins/bolts, and mounts.
22. Inspect and replace rear rebound and jounce bumpers.
23. Inspect and replace rear strut cartridge or assembly, and upper mount assembly.
24. Inspect non‑independent rear axle assembly for damage and misalignment.
25. Inspect and replace rear ball joints and tie rod/toe link assemblies.
26. Inspect and replace rear knuckle/spindle assembly.
27. Inspect and replace shock absorbers, mounts, and bushings.
28. Diagnose and service rear wheel bearings/hub assemblies.
29. Diagnose, inspect, adjust, repair or replace components (including sensors, switches,
actuators, harnesses, and control units) of electrically/hydraulically/pneumatically
controlled suspension systems (including primary and supplemental suspension and
ride control systems).
30. Inspect and repair rear (crossmember/subframe) mountings, bushings, brackets, and
bolts.
C. Wheel Alignment Diagnosis, Adjustment, and Repair (11 questions)
1. Diagnose vehicle wander, drift, pull, hard steering, bump steer (toe curve), memory
steer, torque steer, and steering return concerns; determine needed repairs.
2. Measure vehicle ride height; determine needed repairs.
3. Measure front and rear wheel camber; determine needed repairs.
4. Adjust front and/or rear wheel camber on suspension systems with a camber adjustment.
5. Measure caster; determine needed repairs.
6. Adjust caster on suspension systems with a caster adjustment.
7. Measure and adjust front wheel toe.

Page 28 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A4 Task List (continued)

8. Center the steering wheel.

9. Measure toe‑out‑on‑turns (turning radius/angle); determine needed repairs.
10. Measure SAI/KPI (steering axis inclination/king pin inclination); determine
needed repairs.
11. Measure included angle; determine needed repairs.
12. Measure rear wheel toe; determine needed repairs or adjustments.
13. Measure thrust angle; determine needed repairs or adjustments.
14. Measure wheelbase setback/offset; determine needed repairs or adjustments.
15. Check front and/or rear cradle (crossmember/subframe) alignment; determine needed
repairs or adjustments.
16. Perform electronic control module calibration/recalibration; perform initialization or
relearn procedure as required.
17. Diagnose damaged component mounting locations which can cause vibration,
steering, and wheel alignment problems in accordance with vehicle manufacturer/
industry recommended procedures.
D. Wheel and Tire Diagnosis and Service (5 questions)
1. Diagnose tire wear patterns; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect tire condition, size, and application (load and speed ratings).
3. Measure and adjust tire air pressure.
4. Diagnose wheel/tire vibration, shimmy, and noise concerns; determine needed
repairs.
5. Rotate tires/wheels and torque fasteners according to manufacturers’
recommendations.
6. Measure wheel, tire, axle flange, and hub runout (radial and lateral); determine
needed repairs.
7. Diagnose tire pull (lead) problems; determine corrective actions.
8. Dismount and mount tire on wheel.
9. Balance wheel and tire assembly.
10. Test and diagnose indirect/direct tire pressure monitoring systems (TPMS); determine
needed repairs; perform system relearn as required. ■

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 29

 Sample Questions
Suspension and Steering (Test A4)

1. While traveling at highway speed, a vibration is felt in the steering wheel

and the front end of the vehicle vibrates up and down. Which of these
could be the cause?
(A) A leaking power steering rack
* (B) Static out-of-balance of the front tires
(C) A binding ball joint
(D) Incorrect thrust angle

2. The front end of a vehicle dives excessively while braking. Which of
these could be the cause?
(A) Worn stabilizer bar bushings
(B) Worn power steering rack bushings
(C) A bent steering arm
* (D) Weak springs

ACTUAL ACTUAL
SPECIFICATION LEFT RIGHT
CASTER - FRONT 0.00° +/- 0.25° +0.25° +0.00°
CAMBER - FRONT 0.50° +/- 0.50° +0.50° -0.75°
CAMBER - REAR 0.00° +/- 0.50° 0.00° 0.00°
TOTAL TOE - FRONT 0" +/- 1/32" -1/8" +1/16"
TOTAL TOE - REAR 0" +/- 1/32" 0" 0"

3. A vehicle with the alignment readings shown has wear on the inside
edge of the right front tire tread and pulls to the left. The cause could be
incorrect:
(A) front caster.
* (B) front camber.
(C) front toe.
(D) rear toe.

Page 30 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A4 Sample Questions (continued)

4. A vehicle with rack and pinion steering has a shimmy.

Technician A says that worn rack-to-frame mounting bushings could
be the cause.
Technician B says that a binding steering shaft U-joint could be the
cause.
Who is right?
* (A) A only (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

5. During a wheel alignment, a technician finds the toe-out-on-turns
(turning radius) to be incorrect. The cause could be a bent:
(A) pitman arm.
(B) tie rod.
(C) idler arm.
* (D) steering arm.

6. A vehicle pulls to the right during braking.
Technician A says that a worn strut rod bushing could be the cause.
Technician B says that a bent right wheel could be the cause.
Who is right?
* (A) A only (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

W X
20 A SWITCHED
DATA BUS + DATA BUS + IGNITION
DATA BUS - DATA BUS - VOLTAGE
20 A

Y
B+
70 A Z
ELECTRONIC POWER
STEERING CONTROL MODULE

7. A vehicle with the circuit shown has a stored “Electronic Power Steering
Motor - Circuit Voltage Below Threshold” DTC. Which of these could be
the cause?
(A) The data bus connector at W is open.
(B) The data bus wires are shorted together at X.
* (C) There is high resistance in the connector at Y.
(D) There is an open circuit at Z.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 31

 A4 Sample Questions (continued)

8. A pressure test is being performed on a vehicle with power steering.

The pressure readings taken when the wheels are at the right and left
stops are below specification. The readings are normal when the tester
shutoff valve is closed. Which of these could be the cause?
* (A) A failed steering gear
(B) A failed power steering pump
(C) A loose serpentine belt
(D) A binding ball joint

9. Ball joint wear is being checked in

the suspension shown.
Technician A says that the jack can
be placed at X to perform the test.
Technician B says that the jack
can be placed at Y to perform the
test.
Who is right?
(A) A only
* (B) B only X Y
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B

This question contains the word EXCEPT. Read the question carefully
before choosing your answer.

10. Any of these could cause tire wear if not within manufacturer’s specs
EXCEPT:
* (A) caster.
(B) wheel balance.
(C) toe.
(D) camber.

Page 32 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Test Specifications and Task List
Brakes (Test A5)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. Hydraulic, Power Assist, and Parking
Brake Systems Diagnosis and Repair 19 43%
B. Drum Brake Diagnosis and Repair 5 11%
C. Disc Brake Diagnosis and Repair 11 24%
D. Electronic Brake Control Systems: Antilock
Brake System (ABS), Traction Control
System (TCS), and Electronic Stability
Control System (ESC) Diagnosis and Repair 10 22%
Total 45 100%

A. Hydraulic, Power Assist and Parking Brake Systems Diagnosis and

Repair (19 questions)
► Master Cylinder
1. Diagnose poor stopping, dragging, high or low pedal, and hard or spongy pedal
caused by the master cylinder; determine needed repairs.
2. Measure and adjust master cylinder pushrod length.
3. Check master cylinder for failures by pressing brake pedal; determine needed repairs.
4. Diagnose the cause of master cylinder external fluid leakage.
5. Remove and replace master cylinder; bench bleed and install master cylinder; verify
master cylinder function.
► Lines and Hoses
6. Diagnose poor stopping, pulling or dragging caused by problems in the lines and
hoses; determine needed repairs.
7. Inspect brake lines and fittings for leaks, dents, kinks, rust, cracks or wear;
inspect for loose fittings and supports; determine needed repairs.
8. Inspect flexible brake hoses for leaks, kinks, cracks, bulging, wear or corrosion;
inspect for loose fittings and supports; determine needed repairs.
9. Replace brake lines, hoses, fittings and supports; fabricate brake lines using proper
material and flaring procedures.
10. Inspect brake lines and hoses for proper routing and support.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 33

 A5 Task List (continued)

► Valves and Switches

11. Diagnose poor stopping, pulling or dragging caused by problems in the hydraulic
system valve(s); determine needed repairs.
12. Inspect, test and replace metering, proportioning, pressure differential and
combination valves.
13. Inspect, test, replace and adjust load or height sensing‑type proportioning valve(s).
14. Inspect, test and replace brake system warning lights, indicators, switches, sensors
and circuits; test, adjust and repair or replace brake stop light/brake pedal position
switch sensor, lamps and related circuits.
► Bleeding, Flushing and Leak Testing
15. Diagnose poor stopping, pulling, dragging or incorrect pedal travel caused by
problems in the brake fluid; determined needed repairs.
16. Bleed and/or flush hydraulic system using manual, pressure, vacuum or gravity
method(s).
17. Pressure test brake hydraulic system.
18. Select, handle, store and install proper brake fluids (including silicone fluids). Fill
master cylinder to proper level.
► Power Assist Units
19. Inspect and test brake pedal linkage for binding, looseness and adjustment; determine
needed repairs.
20. Test pedal free travel with and without engine running to check power booster
operation.
21. Check vacuum supply (manifold or auxiliary pump) to vacuum-type power booster.
22. Diagnose vacuum-type power booster unit for vacuum leaks and proper operation;
inspect the check valve for proper operation; repair, adjust or replace parts as
necessary.
23. Diagnose hydro-boost system for leaks and proper operation; repair or replace parts
as necessary; refill and bleed system following manufacturers’ specifications.
24. Diagnose electronic brake servo/brake simulator system for proper operation;
determine needed repairs.
► Parking Brake
25. Diagnose parking brake system operation (including electronic parking brakes);
inspect cables and parts for wear, rust and corrosion; clean or replace parts as
necessary; lubricate assembly.
26. Adjust parking brake assembly; check operation.
27. Test the parking brake indicator light, switch and wiring.
28. Retract integral and/or electronic parking brake caliper piston(s) according to
manufacturers’ specifications.
29. Adjust calipers with integrated parking brakes according to manufacturers’
recommendations.
B. Drum Brake Diagnosis and Repair (5 questions)
1. Diagnose poor stopping, pulling, dragging or incorrect pedal travel caused by drum
brake hydraulic problems; determine needed repairs.

Page 34 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A5 Task List (continued)

2. Diagnose poor stopping, noise, pulling, grabbing, dragging, pedal pulsation or

incorrect pedal travel caused by drum brake mechanical problems; determine needed
repairs.
3. Remove, clean, inspect and measure brake drums; follow manufacturers’
recommendations in determining need to machine or replace.
4. Machine drums according to manufacturers’ procedures and specifications.
5. Using proper safety procedures, remove, clean and inspect mechanical brake
components, such as: shoes/linings, springs, pins, self‑adjusters, levers, clips, brake
backing (support) plates and other related brake hardware; determine needed repairs.
6. Lubricate brake shoe support pads on backing (support) plate, self‑adjuster
mechanisms and other brake hardware.
7. Inspect wheel cylinder(s) for leakage, operation and mounting; remove and replace
wheel cylinder(s); bleed system.
8. Following manufacturers’ specifications, install brake shoes and related hardware.
9. Preadjust brake shoes and parking brake before installing brake drums or drum/hub
assemblies and wheel bearings.
10. Reinstall wheel, torque lug nuts, and make final checks and adjustments.
11. Diagnose wheel bearing noises and vibration problems; determine needed repairs.
12. Remove, clean, inspect, repack wheel bearings or replace wheel bearings and races;
replace seals; replace hub and bearing assemblies; adjust wheel/hub bearings
according to manufacturers’ specifications.
C. Disc Brake Diagnosis and Repair (11 questions)
1. Diagnose poor stopping, pulling, dragging or incorrect pedal travel caused by disc
brake hydraulic problems; determine needed repairs.
2. Diagnose poor stopping, noise, pulling, grabbing, dragging, pedal pulsation or
incorrect pedal travel caused by disc brake mechanical problems; determine needed
repairs.
3. Retract brake caliper piston(s) according to manufacturers’ recommendations.
4. Remove caliper assembly from mountings; inspect for leaks and damage to caliper
housing.
5. Clean and inspect caliper mountings, slides/pins and threads for wear and damage.
6. Remove, clean and inspect pads and retaining hardware; determine needed repairs,
adjustments and replacements.
7. Clean caliper assembly; inspect external parts for wear, rust, scoring and damage;
replace any damaged or worn parts; determine the need to repair or replace caliper
assembly.
8. Clean, inspect and measure rotor with a dial indicator and a micrometer; follow
manufacturers’ recommendations in determining the need to index, machine or
replace the rotor.
9. Remove and replace rotor.
10. Machine rotor, using on-car or off-car method, according to manufacturers’
procedures and specifications.
11. Install pads, calipers and related attaching hardware; lubricate components following
manufacturers’ procedures and specifications; bleed system and inspect for leaks.
12. Reinstall wheel, torque lug nuts, and make final checks and adjustments.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 35

 A5 Task List (continued)

13. Road test vehicle and burnish/break-in pads according to manufacturer’s

recommendations.
14. Diagnose wheel bearing noises and vibration problems; determine needed repairs.
15. Remove, clean, inspect, repack wheel bearings or replace wheel bearings and races;
replace seals; replace hub and bearing assemblies; adjust wheel/hub bearings
according to manufacturers’ specifications.
16. Distinguish between brake component vibration and tire/wheel vibration; determine
needed repairs.

D. Electronic Brake Control Systems: Antilock Brake System (ABS),

Traction Control System (TCS), and Electronic Stability Control
System (ESC) Diagnosis and Repair (10 questions)
1. Follow manufacturers’ service and safety precautions when inspecting, testing and
servicing electronic brake control system hydraulic, electrical, and mechanical
components.
2. Diagnose increased stopping distance, wheel lock-up, false activation, pedal feel,
pedal travel, pedal pulsation and noise concerns associated with the electronic brake
control system; determine needed repairs.
3. Observe electronic brake control system indicator/light(s) at start-up and during road
test; determine if further diagnosis is needed.
4. Diagnose electronic brake control system, electronic control(s), components and
circuits (with or without DTCs) using on-board diagnosis and/or recommended test
equipment such as: scan tool, digital multimeter (DMM), digital storage oscilloscope
(DSO); determine needed repairs.
5. Bleed and/or flush the electronic brake control hydraulic system following
manufacturers’ procedures.
6. Remove and install electronic brake control system components following
manufacturers’ procedures and specifications; perform module set-up/initialization.
7. Test, diagnose and service electronic brake control system sensors (speed, yaw,
steering angle, brake pedal position, etc.) and circuits following
manufacturers’ recommended procedures (includes output signal, resistance,
amperage, shorts to voltage/ground and frequency data.).
8. Diagnose electronic brake control system braking concerns caused by vehicle
modifications (wheel/tire size, curb height, final drive ratio, etc.) and other vehicle
mechanical and electrical/electronic modifications (communication, security, radio,
etc.).
9. Repair wiring harness and connectors following manufacturers’ procedures.
10. Diagnose brake problems resulting from failures of interrelated systems (for
example: electronic stability control, antilock brake, traction control, collision
avoidance/mitigation).
11. Clear diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) and verify the repair. ■

Page 36 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Sample Questions
Brakes (Test A5)

1. Which of these could happen if the measurements

in the set-up shown varied from manufacturer’s
specifications?
(A) Noisy brake operation
(B) Brake grab or pull
* (C) Pulsating brake pedal
(D) Low brake pedal

2. The brake pedal on a vehicle with power-assisted disc/drum brakes

moves slowly to the floor during braking. Which of these could be the
cause?
* (A) An internal master cylinder leak
(B) A leaking power brake booster diaphragm
(C) A leaking brake booster check valve
(D) An internal leak in the combination valve

3. On a vehicle with disc/drum brakes, the front brakes grab quickly when
light pedal pressure is applied. This could be caused by a failed:
(A) proportioning valve.
(B) pressure differential valve.
* (C) metering valve.
(D) residual check valve.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 37

 A5 Sample Questions (continued)

4. On a vehicle with single piston, floating caliper disc brakes, the brake
pad against the piston is badly worn. The other brake pad is only
slightly worn.
Technician A says that too much rotor runout could be the cause.
Technician B says that a frozen caliper piston could be the cause.
Who is right?
(A) A only (C) Both A and B
(B) B only * (D) Neither A nor B

5. When the brakes are applied, a vibration comes from the front of a
vehicle with a disc/drum system. Which of these could be the cause?
(A) Unequal tire pressure
(B) Binding caliper slides
* (C) Excessive rotor runout
(D) A frozen caliper piston

6. A front disc brake rotor is slightly below minimum thickness specification

after machining. The technician should:
(A) reuse the rotor.
* (B) replace the rotor.
(C) apply a non-directional finish to the rotor.
(D) machine the other front rotor to the same thickness.

7. A hydraulic brake line is leaking. Which of these is the correct repair?

(A) Cut out the bad section and replace with new steel tubing using
compression fittings.
(B) Replace the leaking line with double-flared seamless aluminum
tubing.
(C) Cut out the bad section and replace with single-flared steel tubing
using flare nuts and unions.
* (D) Replace the leaking line with double-flared steel tubing.

Page 38 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A5 Sample Questions (continued)

8. The set-up shown is used to check:

(A) rotor parallelism. .
(B) wheel bearing adjustment.
* (C) rotor lateral runout.
(D) rotor face wear.

9. The drag on a vehicle’s drum brakes increases after each application

until they lock up. Bleeding the system restores normal operation for a
short time; then drag increases until the brakes lock up again. Which of
these could be the cause?
* (A) A failed master cylinder
(B) A seized wheel caliper
(C) Incorrect brake shoe adjustment
(D) Weak brake shoe return springs

10. With the brakes applied, the pedal moves down slightly when the
engine is started on a vehicle with power brakes.
Technician A says that a leaking power brake booster diaphragm could
be the cause.
Technician B says that a stuck-closed brake booster vacuum check
valve could be the cause.
Who is right?
(A) A only
(B) B only
(C) Both A and B
* (D) Neither A nor B

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 39

 Test Specifications and Task List
Electrical/Electronic Systems (Test A6)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. General Electrical/Electronic
System Diagnosis 13 26%
B. Battery and Starting System
Diagnosis and Repair 9 18%
C. Charging System Diagnosis and Repair 5 10%
D. Lighting Systems Diagnosis and Repair 6 12%
E. Instrument Cluster and Driver Information
Systems Diagnosis and Repair 6 12%
F. Body Electrical Systems
Diagnosis and Repair 11 22%
Total 50 100%

A. General Electrical/Electronic System Diagnosis (13 questions)

1. Check voltages and voltage drops in electrical/electronic circuits; interpret readings
and determine needed repairs.
2. Check current flow in electrical/electronic circuits; interpret readings and determine
needed repairs.
3. Check continuity and resistances in electrical/electronic circuits and components;
interpret readings and determine needed repairs.
4. Check electronic circuit waveforms; interpret readings and determine needed repairs.
5. Use scan tool data, bidirectional controls, and/or diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) to
diagnose electronic systems; interpret readings and determine necessary action.
6. Find shorts, grounds, opens, and resistance problems in electrical/electronic circuits;
determine needed repairs.
7. Measure and diagnose the cause(s) of abnormal key-off battery drain (parasitic draw);
determine needed repairs.
8. Inspect, test, and replace fusible links, circuit breakers, fuses, diodes, and current
limiting devices.
9. Read and interpret electrical schematic diagrams and symbols.
10. Research applicable vehicle and service information, such as vehicle service history,
sevice precautions, technical service bulletins, and service campaigns/recalls.
11. Diagnose failures in the data bus communications network; determine needed repairs.
12. Remove and replace control modules; program, reprogram, code, initialize, and/or
configure as needed. 

Page 40 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A6 Task List (continued)

B. Battery and Starting System Diagnosis and Repair (9 questions)

1. Perform battery state-of-charge test; determine needed service.
2. Perform battery tests (load and capacitance); determine needed service.
3. Follow manufacturer’s procedure to restore (or maintain if applicable) electronic
memory functions.
4. Perform battery charge in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.
5. Inspect, clean, repair and/or replace battery(ies), battery cables, connectors, clamps,
hold-downs, trays, and vent tubes.
6. Jump-start a vehicle using jumper cables, a booster battery or auxiliary power supply.
7. Perform starter current draw test; determine needed repairs.
8. Perform starter circuit voltage drop tests; determine needed repairs.
9. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace starter, relays, solenoids, modules, switches,
connectors, and wires of starter circuits.
10. Differentiate between electrical and engine mechanical problems that cause a slow
crank, no-crank, extended cranking, or a cranking noise condition.
C. Charging System Diagnosis and Repair (5 questions)
1. Diagnose charging system problems that cause a no-charge, a low charge, or an
overcharge condition; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect, reinstall and/or replace pulleys, tensioners and drive belts; adjust belts and
check alignment.
3. Perform charging system voltage output test; determine needed repairs.
4. Perform charging system current output test; determine needed repairs.
5. Inspect and test generator (alternator) control components including sensors,
regulators, and modules; determine needed repairs.
6. Perform charging circuit voltage drop tests; determine needed repairs.
7. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace connectors, terminals, and wires of charging
system circuits.
8. Remove, inspect, and replace generator (alternator).
D. Lighting Systems Diagnosis and Repair (6 questions)
1. Diagnose the cause of brighter than normal, intermittent, dim, continuous or no
operation of exterior lighting; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect, replace, aim and/or level headlight assemblies and auxiliary light assemblies
(fog lights/driving lights), including high-intensity discharge (HID) and LED systems.
3. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace switches, relays, bulbs, LEDs, sockets, connectors,
terminals, wires, and control modules of exterior lighting.
4. Diagnose the cause of turn signal and/or hazard light system malfunctions; determine
needed repairs.
5. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace switches, flasher units, bulbs, sockets, connectors,
terminals, wires, and control modules of turn signal and hazard light circuits.
6. Diagnose the cause of intermittent, dim, continuous or no operation of interior
lighting circuits (such as: courtesy, dome, map, vanity, glove box, cargo, trunk, hood,
instrument, and accent lighting); determine needed repairs.
7. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace switches, relays, bulbs, sockets, connectors,
terminals, wires, and control modules of interior lighting circuits (such as: courtesy,
dome, map, vanity, glove box, cargo, trunk, hood, instrument, and accent lighting).

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 41

 A6 Task List (continued)

8. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace trailer wiring harness, relays, connectors, and
control modules (including brake control).
E. Instrument Cluster and Driver Information Systems Diagnosis and
Repair (6 questions)
1. Diagnose the cause of intermittent, dim, no lights, continuous operation, or no
brightness control of instrument lighting circuits; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace switches, relays, bulbs, LEDs, sockets, connectors,
terminals, wires, and control modules of instrument lighting circuits.
3. Diagnose the cause of high, low, intermittent, or no readings on electronic instrument
cluster gauges; determine needed repairs.
4. Diagnose the cause of constant, intermittent, or no operation of warning lights,
indicator lights, audible warning devices, and other driver information systems;
determine needed repairs.
5. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace bulbs, sockets, connectors, terminals, switches,
relays, sensors, timers, wires, gauges, sending units, electronic components, and
control modules of electronic instrument clusters and driver information system circuits.
F. Body Electrical Systems Diagnosis and Repair (11 questions)
1. Diagnose operation of comfort and convenience accessories and related circuits (such
as: power windows, power seats, adjustable pedal height, power locks, trunk locks,
remote start, moon roof, sunroof, sun shade, keyless entry, voice activation, phone
pairing technology, wireless connectivity, steering wheel controls, camera systems,
park assist, cruise control, and automated exterior lighting); determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace components, connectors, terminals, and wiring of
comfort and convenience accessories.
3. Diagnose operation of heated and cooled accessories and related circuits (such as:
heated/cooled seats, heated steering wheel, heated mirror, heated glass, and heated/
cooled cup holders); determine needed repairs.
4. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace components, connectors, terminals, and wiring of
heated and cooled accessories.
5. Diagnose operation of security/anti-theft systems and related circuits (such as: theft
deterrent, door locks, keyless entry, remote start, and starter/fuel disable); determine
needed repairs.
6. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace components, connectors, terminals, and wiring of
security/anti-theft systems.
7. Diagnose operation of entertainment/infotainment and related circuits (such as: radio,
DVD, navigation, amplifiers, speakers, antennas, and voice-activated accessories);
determine needed repairs.
8. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace components, connectors, terminals, and wiring of
entertainment/infotainment systems.
9. Diagnose operation of safety systems and related circuits (such as: supplemental
restraint systems, wipers, washers, horn, speed control, collision avoidance,
telematics, heads-up display, park assist, and camera systems); determine needed
repairs.
10. Inspect, test, repair and/or replace components, connectors, terminals, and wiring of
safety systems. ■

Page 42 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Sample Questions
Electrical/Electronic Systems (Test A6)
VOLTMETER

BATTERY
TERMINAL
IGNITION TERMINAL

IGNITION SWITCH
BATTERY

ALTERNATOR

1. In the charging system shown, with the engine running, the digital
multimeter (DMM) will display:
(A) charging output voltage.
(B) regulator operating voltage.
* (C) charging circuit voltage drop
(D) ignition switch voltage drop.

2. The oil pressure light stays on whenever the engine is running. The oil
pressure has been checked and is at specification.
Technician A says that a ground in the circuit between the indicator light
and the pressure switch could be the cause.
Technician B says that an open in the pressure switch could be the
cause.
Who is right?
* (A) A only (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

3. The passenger side power window operates properly when using the
passenger side control switch, but the window will operate in the DOWN
position only when using the driver’s side master control switch. Which
of these could be the cause?
(A) A pinched wire from the passenger side control switch to the
window motor
(B) An open wire to the driver’s side window motor
(C) A grounded power wire to the power window circuit breaker
* (D) An open circuit in the driver’s side master control switch

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 43

 A6 Sample Questions (continued)

12.6V 12.6V
+ - + -
0.0V
+ -

Y
10A
B+
HIGH
W
LT RT
Z
BRAKE
SWITCH
X MOUNT

(Normally Open) BRAKE LIGHT BULBS

4. The brake lights are not working on the vehicle with the circuit shown.
With the brake pedal pressed, the technician observes the DMM
readings shown. Which of these could be the cause?
(A) High resistance at W
* (B) An open circuit at X
(C) A short-to-ground at Y
(D) An open circuit at Z

5. Technician A says that if a fusible link in the alternator charging circuit is

replaced with system sized wire, the circuit will be unprotected.
Technician B says that if a fusible link in the alternator charging circuit is
replaced with system sized wire, the battery will overcharge.
Who is right?
* (A) A only (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

6. A starter solenoid clicks but the starter does not crank the engine.
Technician A says that burned solenoid contacts could be the cause.
Technician B says that a poor battery cable connection could be the
cause.
Who is right?
(A) A only * (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

Page 44 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A6 Sample Questions (continued)

7. The horns in the circuit shown operate only when a jumper wire is
connected between terminals 30 and 87 of the horn relay.
Technician A says that a failed horn relay could be the cause.
Technician B says that a short-to-ground in the circuit between the horn
relay and the horn switch could be the cause.
Who is right?
* (A) A only (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

8. Which of these digital multimeter (DMM) readings indicates a current
flow of 3 amps in a circuit?

(A) 300 microamps

(B) 3.0 milliamps
* (C) 3000 milliamps
(D) 0.3 amps

This question contains the word EXCEPT. Read the question

carefully before choosing your answer.

9. Any of these could cause high starter current draw EXCEPT:

(A) worn starter bushings.

* (B) a failed starter relay.
(C) grounded field coils.
(D) a seized A/C compressor.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 45

 Test Specifications and Task List
Heating and Air Conditioning (Test A7)
Note: ASE HVAC certifications (A7, T7, H7 or S7) do not provide the necessary credentials to
satisfy EPA requirements for Section 609 refrigerant management. The ASE Refrigerant
Recovery and Recycling Review and Quiz program meets Section 609 requirements and
can be taken online and in print. Details are at www.ase.com/cfc.

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. Heating, Ventilation, A/C (HVAC) and
Engine Cooling System Service,
Diagnosis, and Repair 21 42%
B. Refrigeration System Component
Diagnosis and Repair 10 20%
C. Operating Systems and Related Controls
Diagnosis and Repair 19 38%

Total 50 100%

A. Heating, Ventilation, A/C (HVAC) and Engine Cooling System Service,

Diagnosis, and Repair (21 questions)
1. Identify system type and conduct performance test on the A/C system; determine
needed repairs.
2. Diagnose A/C system problems indicated by system pressures and/or temperature
readings; determine needed repairs.
3. Diagnose A/C system problems indicated by sight, sound, smell, and touch
procedures; determine needed repairs.
4. Leak test A/C system; determine needed repairs.
5. Identify A/C system refrigerant and existing charge amount; recover refrigerant.
6. Evacuate A/C system.
7. Inspect A/C system components for contamination; determine needed repairs.
8. Charge A/C system with refrigerant.
9. Identify A/C system lubricant type and capacity; replenish lubricant if necessary.
10. Inspect and replace passenger compartment (cabin air, pollen) filter.
11. Disarm and enable the airbag system for vehicle service following manufacturers’
recommended procedures.
12. Read diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) and interpret scan tool data stream.
13. Read and interpret technical literature (service publications, bulletins, recalls, and
information including wiring schematics).
14. Use a scan tool, digital multimeter (DMM), or digital storage oscilloscope (DSO)
to test HVAC system sensors, actuators, circuits, and control modules; determine
needed repairs.
15. Verify proper operation of certified equipment.

Page 46 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A7 Task List (continued)

16. Recycle or properly dispose of refrigerant.

17. Label and store refrigerant.
18. Test refrigerant cylinders for non-condensable gases; identify refrigerant.
19. Identify the procedures and equipment necessary to service, diagnose, and repair A/C
systems in hybrid/electric vehicles.
20. Diagnose the cause of temperature control problems in the heater/ventilation system;
determine needed repairs.
21. Diagnose window fogging problems; determine needed repairs.
22. Perform engine cooling system tests (flow, pressure, electrolysis, concentration, and
contamination); determine needed repairs.
23. Inspect and replace engine coolant hoses and pipes.
24. Inspect, test, and replace radiator, pressure cap, coolant recovery system, and water
pump.
25. Inspect, test, and replace thermostat, thermostat by pass, and housing.
26. Identify, inspect, recover coolant; flush and refill system with proper coolant; bleed
system as necessary.
27. Inspect, test, and replace fan (both electrical and mechanical), fan clutch, fan belts,
fan shroud, and air dams.
28. Inspect, test, and replace heater coolant control valve (manual, vacuum, and electrical
types), and auxiliary coolant pump.
29. Inspect, flush, and replace heater core.

B. Refrigeration System Component Diagnosis and Repair (10 questions)

► Compressor and Clutch
1. Diagnose A/C system problems that cause the protection devices (pressure, thermal,
and electronic controls) to interrupt system operation; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect, test, and replace A/C system pressure, thermal, and electronic protection devices.
3. Inspect, adjust, and replace A/C compressor drive belts, pulleys, and tensioners.
4. Inspect, test, service, and replace A/C compressor clutch components or assembly.
5. Identify required lubricant type; inspect and correct level in A/C compressor.
6. Inspect, test, service or replace A/C compressor, mounting, and fasteners.
► Evaporator, Condenser, and Related Components
7. Inspect, repair, or replace A/C system mufflers, hoses, lines, filters, fittings, and seals.
8. Inspect A/C condenser for proper air flow.
9. Inspect, test, and clean or replace A/C system condenser; check mountings and air seals.
10. Inspect and replace receiver/drier, accumulator/drier, or desiccant.
11. Inspect, test, and replace expansion valve(s).
12. Inspect and replace orifice tube(s).
13. Inspect A/C evaporator for proper air flow.
14. Inspect, test, clean, or replace evaporator(s).
15. Inspect, clean and repair evaporator housing, and water drain.
16. Inspect, test, and replace evaporator pressure/temperature control systems and devices.
17. Identify, inspect, and replace A/C system service valves and valve caps.
18. Inspect and replace A/C system high pressure relief device.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 47

 A7 Task List (continued)

C. Operating Systems and Related Controls Diagnosis and Repair

(19 questions)
► Electrical
1. Diagnose the cause of failures in the electrical control system of heating, ventilating,
and A/C (HVAC) systems; determine needed repairs.
2. Inspect, test, repair, and replace HVAC heater blower motors, blower motor speed
controls, resistors, switches, relays/modules, wiring, and protection devices.
3. Inspect, test, repair, and replace A/C compressor clutch coil, relay/ modules, wiring,
sensors, switches, diodes, and protection devices.
4. Inspect, test, repair, and replace A/C-related powertrain control systems and
components.
5. Inspect, test, repair, and replace load sensitive A/C compressor cut-off
systems.
6. Inspect, test, repair, and replace engine cooling/condenser fan motors, relays/
modules, switches, sensors, wiring, and protection devices.
7. Inspect, test, adjust, repair and replace climate control system electric actuator
motors, relays/ modules, switches, sensors, wiring, and protection devices
(including dual/multi-zone systems).
8. Inspect, test, service, or replace HVAC panel assemblies.
► Vacuum/Mechanical
9. Diagnose the cause of failures of the heating, ventilating, and A/C (HVAC) vacuum
and mechanical control systems; determine needed repairs.
10. Inspect, test, service, or replace HVAC control panel assemblies.
11. Inspect, test, adjust, and replace HVAC control cables and linkages.
12. Inspect, test, and replace HVAC vacuum system actuators (diaphragms/motors),
hoses, reservoir, check valve, and restrictors.
13. Inspect, test, adjust, repair, or replace HVAC ducts, doors, and outlets (including
dual/multi-zone systems).
► Automatic and Semi-Automatic Heating, Ventilating, and A/C Systems
14. Diagnose temperature control system problems; determine needed repairs (including
dual/multi-zone systems).
15. Diagnose blower system problems; determine needed repairs (including dual/multi-
zone systems).
16. Diagnose air distribution system problems; determine needed repairs (including dual/
multi-zone systems).
17. Diagnose compressor clutch control system; determine needed repairs.
18. Inspect, test, or replace climate and blower control sensors.
19. Inspect, test, and replace door actuator(s).
20. Inspect, test, and replace heater coolant control valve and controls.
21. Inspect, test, and replace electric and vacuum motors, solenoids, and switches.
22. Inspect, test, or replace Automatic Temperature Control (ATC) control panel and/or
climate control computer/module; program, code, or initialize as required.
23. Check and adjust calibration of Automatic Temperature Control (ATC) system.
24. Diagnose data communication issues, including diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) that
affect climate control system operation. ■

Page 48 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Sample Questions
Heating and Air Conditioning (Test A7)

1. Prior to recovery, an unknown refrigerant is identified. The technician

should:
(A) discharge it into the atmosphere.
* (B) recover it and treat it as contaminated.
(C) recover it and recycle it as R-12.
(D) recover it and recycle it as R-134a.

2. A vehicle with automatic temperature control blows hot air on HIGH fan
speed from the dash vents with the temperature set to 72° F. Which of
these could be the cause?
(A) A shorted blower motor resistor
(B) A restricted receiver/drier
(C) A weak serpentine belt tensioner
* (D) An open duct temperature sensor

3. Technician A says that evacuating an A/C system will remove air
and moisture from the system.
Technician B says that evacuating an A/C system will remove dirt
particles from the system.
Who is right?
* (A) A only
(B) B only
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B

4. The blower motor in the schematic
shown works only with the blower
switch in the # 4 position. This could
be caused by a failed:
(A) blower motor.
(B) blower motor ground.
(C) blower motor relay.
* (D) blower motor resistor.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 49

 A7 Sample Questions (continued)

5. To charge an A/C system while it is running, the refrigerant should be

added to:
(A) the high side only.
* (B) the low side only.
(C) both the high and the low sides.
(D) either the high or the low side.

6. With the A/C system operating at an ambient (outside) temperature of
85° F, the low pressure gauge reads 5 psi and the high pressure gauge
reads 105 psi. What do these readings indicate?
(A) Normal operation
* (B) Low refrigerant level
(C) A restriction in the high side
(D) Broken compressor reed valves

7. With a DMM connected between the battery negative terminal and the
A/C clutch coil positive terminal, the DMM measures 14.2 volts, but the
A/C clutch will not engage.
Technician A says that a failed clutch coil could be the cause.
Technician B says that a failed clutch coil diode could be the cause.
Who is right?
* (A) A only (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

This question contains the word EXCEPT. Read the question carefully
before choosing your answer.

8. The high-side pressure in an A/C system is above specs. Any of these

could be the cause EXCEPT:
(A) an overcharge of refrigerant.
(B) a restricted air flow across the condenser.
(C) a plugged expansion valve.
* (D) a broken compressor reed valve.

Page 50 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Test Specifications and Task List
Engine Performance (Test A8)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. General Diagnosis 12 24%
B. Ignition System Diagnosis and Repair 8 16%
C. Fuel, Air Induction and Exhaust Systems
Diagnosis and Repair 9 18%
D. Emission Control Systems Diagnosis
and Repair 8 16%
1. Positive Crankcase Ventilation (1)
2. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (2)
3. Secondary Air Injection (AIR) and
Catalytic Converter (2)
4. Evaporative Emissions Controls (3)
E. Computerized Engine Controls Diagnosis
and Repair 13 26%
Total 50 100%

A. General Diagnosis (12 questions)

1. Verify driver’s complaint, perform visual inspection, and/or road test vehicle;
determine needed action.
2. Research applicable vehicle and service information, such as engine management
system operation, vehicle service history, service precautions, technical service
bulletins, and service campaigns/recalls.
3. Diagnose noises and/or vibration problems related to engine performance; determine
needed action.
4. Diagnose the cause of unusual exhaust color, odor, and sound; determine needed
action.
5. Perform engine manifold vacuum or pressure tests; determine needed action.
6. Perform cylinder power balance test; determine needed action.
7. Perform cylinder cranking, relative, and running compression tests; interpret test
results; determine needed action.
8. Perform cylinder leakage/leak-down test; determine needed action.
9. Diagnose engine mechanical, electrical, electronic, fuel, and ignition problems with
an oscilloscope, engine analyzer, and/or scan tool; determine needed action.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 51

 A8 Task List (continued)

10. Prepare and inspect vehicle for HC, CO, NOx, CO2, and O2 exhaust gas analysis;
perform test and interpret exhaust gas readings.
11. Verify valve adjustment on engines with mechanical or hydraulic lifters.
12. Verify camshaft timing; verify operation of camshaft timing components, including
engines equipped with variable valve timing; determine needed action.
13. Diagnose emissions or driveability problems caused by oil related issues, such as
incorrect pressure, poor quality, incorrect level, or incorrect type used for the
application.
14. Verify engine operating temperature, check coolant level and condition, perform
cooling system pressure test; determine needed action.
15. Inspect and test mechanically/hydraulically/electronically operated fans, fan clutch,
fan shroud/ducting, and fan control devices; determine needed action.
16. Read and interpret electrical schematic diagrams and symbols.
17. Test and diagnose emissions or driveability problems caused by battery condition,
connections, or excessive key-off battery drain; determine needed action.
18. Perform starter current draw test; determine needed action.
19. Perform starter and charging circuit voltage drop tests; determine needed action.
20. Test and diagnose engine performance problems resulting from charging system
failures; determine needed action.
21. Inspect, adjust, and replace alternator (generator) drive belts, pulleys, clutches,
tensioners and/or fans.
22. Inspect, test, and repair or replace system components, connectors and wires in the
starter and charging control circuits.
B. Ignition System Diagnosis and Repair (8 questions)
1. Diagnose ignition system related problems such as no-starting, hard starting, engine
misfire, poor driveability, spark knock, power loss, poor mileage, and emissions
problems; determine root cause; determine needed action.
2. Interpret ignition system related diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs); determine needed
action.
3. Inspect, test, repair, or replace ignition primary circuit wiring and components.
4. Inspect, test, service, repair or replace ignition system secondary circuit wiring and
components.
5. Inspect, test, and replace ignition coil(s).
6. Inspect, test, and replace ignition system sensors; adjust as necessary.
7. Inspect, test, and/or replace ignition control module (ICM) and/or powertrain/engine
control module (PCM/ECM); reprogram/initialize as needed.
C. Fuel, Air Induction and Exhaust System Diagnosis and Repair
(9 questions)
NOTE: Fuel Injection system diagnosis and repair will include vehicles equipped with either
multiport or gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems. These systems may be either speed density
(based on rpm and MAP) or mass airflow (MAF). When appropriate, the fuel system type will
be identified in the ASE test question.
1. Diagnose fuel system related problems, including hot or cold no-starting, hard
starting, poor driveability, incorrect idle speed, poor idle, flooding, hesitation,
surging, engine misfire, power loss, stalling, poor mileage, and emissions problems;
determine root cause; determine needed action.

Page 52 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A8 Task List (continued)

2. Interpret fuel or induction system related diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs); analyze
fuel trim and other scan tool data; determine needed action.
3. Inspect fuel tank, filler neck, and gas cap; inspect and replace fuel lines, fittings, and
hoses; determine needed action.
4. Inspect, test, and replace fuel pump(s) and/or fuel pump assembly; inspect, service,
and replace fuel filters.
5. Inspect and test fuel pump control circuits and components; determine needed action.
6. Inspect, test, and repair or replace fuel pressure regulation system and components
of fuel injection systems; check fuel for contaminants and quality; perform fuel
pressure/volume test.
7. Inspect, test, service and/or replace throttle assembly; make related adjustments
and/or perform initialization or relearn procedure as required.
8. Inspect, test, clean, and replace fuel injectors and fuel rails.
9. Inspect, service, and repair or replace air filtration system components.
10. Inspect throttle assembly, air induction system, intake manifold and gaskets for
air/vacuum leaks, restrictions and/or unmetered air.
11. Remove, clean, inspect, test, and repair or replace fuel system vacuum and electrical
components and connections.
12. Inspect, service, and replace exhaust manifold, exhaust pipes, oxygen sensors, air/fuel
ratio sensors, mufflers, catalytic converters, resonators, tailpipes, and heat shields.
13. Test for exhaust system restriction or leaks; determine needed action.
14. Inspect, test, clean and repair or replace turbocharger or supercharger and system
components.
D. Emission Control Systems Diagnosis and Repair (8 questions)
1. Positive Crankcase Ventilation (1 question)
1. Test and diagnose emissions or driveability problems caused by positive crankcase
ventilation (PCV) system.
2. Inspect, service, and replace positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) filter/breather cap,
valve, oil separator tubes, orifice/metering device, and hoses.
2. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (2 questions)
1. Test and diagnose driveability problems caused by the exhaust gas recirculation
(EGR) system.
2. Interpret exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) related scan tool data and diagnostic trouble
codes (DTCs); determine needed action.
3. Inspect, test, service, and replace components of the EGR system, including EGR
valve, tubing, passages, vacuum/pressure controls, filters, hoses, electrical/electronic
sensors, controls, solenoids and wiring of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems.
3. Secondary Air Injection (AIR) and Catalytic Converter (2 questions)
1. Test and diagnose emissions or driveability problems caused by the secondary air
injection or catalytic converter systems.
2. Interpret secondary air injection system related scan tool data and diagnostic trouble
codes (DTCs); determine needed action.
3. Inspect, test, service, and replace mechanical components and electrical/
electronic components and circuits of secondary air injection systems.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 53

 A8 Task List (continued)

4. Inspect catalytic converter. Interpret catalytic converter related diagnostic trouble

codes (DTCs); analyze related scan tool data to determine root cause of DTCs;
determine needed action.
4. Evaporative Emissions Controls (3 questions)
1. Test and diagnose emissions or driveability problems caused by the evaporative
emissions control (EVAP) system.
2. Interpret evaporative emissions-related scan tool data and diagnostic trouble codes
(DTCs); determine needed action.
3. Inspect, test, and replace canister, lines/hoses, filters, mechanical and electrical
components of the evaporative emissions control (EVAP) system.
E. Computerized Engine Controls Diagnosis and Repair (13 questions)
1. Retrieve and record diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), OBD II monitor status and
freeze frame data.
2. Diagnose the causes of emissions or driveability problems with stored or active
diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs).
3. Diagnose the causes of emissions or driveability problems without diagnostic trouble
codes (DTCs).
4. Use a scan tool, digital multimeter (DMM), or digital storage oscilloscope (DSO)
to inspect or test computerized engine control system sensors, actuators, circuits,
and powertrain/engine control module (PCM/ECM); determine needed action.
5. Measure and interpret voltage, voltage drop, amperage, and resistance using digital
multimeter (DMM) readings.
6. Test, remove, inspect, clean, service, and repair or replace power and ground
distribution circuits and connections.
7. Inspect, test, and/or replace the powertrain/engine control module (PCM/ECM);
reprogram/initialize as needed.
8. Diagnose driveability and emissions problems resulting from failures of interrelated
systems (for example: cruise control, security alarms/theft deterrent, torque
management, traction controls, A/C, non-OEM installed accessories).
9. Clear diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), run all OBD II monitors, and verify the
repair. ■

Page 54 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Sample Questions
Engine Performance (Test A8)
10A
TO IGNITION SWITCH
20A
TO IGNITION SWITCH

X
COIL 1

ENGINE
CONTROL COIL 2
MODULE
(ECM)

COIL 3
W

COIL 4

1. An engine equipped with the ignition system shown idles smoothly but
misfires on acceleration. Which of these could be the cause?

* (A) High resistance at W

(B) An open fuse at X
(C) A short-to-ground at Y
(D) An open crankshaft position sensor circuit

2. While the engine is running, a technician pulls the PCV valve out of
the valve cover and plugs the valve opening. There are no changes in
engine operation.
Technician A says that the PCV valve could be stuck in the open
position.
Technician B says that the hose between the intake manifold and the
PCV valve could be plugged.
Who is right?
(A) A only (C) Both A and B
* (B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 55

 A8 Sample Questions (continued)

140
Compression
5 Specification
140 psi
135

140

3. After the compression readings shown in the illustration were taken,

a wet compression test was made. The second set of readings was
almost the same as the first.
Technician A says that a burned valve could cause these readings.
Technician B says that a broken piston ring could cause these readings.
Who is right?
* (A) A only (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

4. Blue smoke comes from the exhaust pipe of a vehicle.
Technician A says that blocked cylinder head oil return passages could
be the cause.
Technician B says that a stuck-open engine thermostat could be the
cause.
Who is right?
* (A) A only (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

5. A vehicle is being diagnosed for poor fuel economy. Engine tests show
a rich exhaust gas mixture.
Technician A says that a failed oxygen (O2) sensor could be the cause.
Technician B says that a failed engine coolant temperature sensor could
be the cause.
Who is right?
(A) A only * (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

Page 56 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A8 Sample Questions (continued)

6. A vacuum gauge is connected to the intake manifold of an engine. With

the engine running at 2,000 rpm, the pointer on the gauge fluctuates
rapidly between 10 and 22 in.Hg. The cause could be:
(A) a leaking intake manifold gasket.
(B) worn piston rings.
(C) worn valve guides.
* (D) a broken valve spring.

7. The technician finds no spark and no injector pulses on a vehicle that

will not start. The cause could be a failed:
(A) mass airflow sensor (MAF).
* (B) crankshaft position (CKP) sensor.
(C) throttle position sensor (TPS).
(D) fuel pump (FP) module.

8. An engine with a return-type electronic fuel injection (EFI) system has
high fuel pressure at idle. Which of these could be the cause?
* (A) Low manifold vacuum
(B) A leaking fuel pump check valve
(C) A plugged fuel injector
(D) High manifold vacuum

9. Which of these could cause a catalytic converter to overheat?
(A) A broken air pump drive belt
(B) A plugged canister purge vacuum hose
(C) A stuck-closed EGR valve
* (D) A disconnected spark plug wire

This question contains the word EXCEPT. Read the question carefully
before choosing your answer.

10. Any of these could cause an "Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) -

Insufficient Flow Detected" DTC EXCEPT:
(A) an exhaust leak.
* (B) a stuck-open EGR valve.
(C) a restricted EGR port.
(D) an electrically open EGR solenoid.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 57

 Test Specifications and Task List
Light Vehicle Diesel Engines (Test A9)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. General Diagnosis 9 18%
B. Cylinder Head and Valve Train
Diagnosis and Repair 5 10%
C. Engine Block Diagnosis and Repair 5 10%
D. Lubrication and Cooling Systems 6 12%
Diagnosis and Repair
E. Air Induction and Exhaust Systems 12 24%
Diagnosis and Repair
F. Fuel System Diagnosis and Repair 13 26%
Total 50 100%

A. General Diagnosis (9 questions)

1. Verify the complaint, and road/dyno test vehicle; review driver/customer concerns/
expectations and vehicle service history (if available); determine further diagnosis.
2. Record vehicle identification number (VIN). Identify engine model, calibration and
serial numbers to research applicable vehicle and service information, service
precautions, and technical service bulletins; determine needed actions.
3. Perform scan tool check and visual inspection for physical damage and missing,
modified, or tampered components; determine needed actions.
4. Check and record electronic diagnostic codes, freeze frame and/or operational data;
monitor scan tool data; determine further diagnosis.
5. Clear diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) and verify the repair.
6. Inspect engine assembly and compartment for fuel, oil, coolant, exhaust, or other
leaks; determine needed repairs.
7. Inspect engine compartment wiring harness, connectors, seals, and locks; check
for proper routing and condition; determine needed repairs.
8. Listen for and isolate engine noises; determine needed repairs.
9. Isolate and diagnose engine related vibration problems; determine needed actions.
10. Check engine exhaust for abnormal odor and/or smoke color and volume; determine
further diagnosis.
11. Check fuel for contamination, quantity, quality, and consumption; determine needed
actions.
12. Perform crankcase pressure test; determine further diagnosis.
13. Diagnose surging, rough operation, misfiring, low power, slow deceleration, slow
acceleration, and shutdown problems; determine needed actions.
14. Check cooling system for freeze point, level, contamination, condition, temperature,
pressure, circulation, and fan operation; determine needed repairs.

Page 58 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A9 Task List (continued)
15. Check lubrication system for contamination, oil level, temperature, pressure,
filtration, and oil consumption; take oil sample and obtain oil analysis if needed;
determine needed repairs.
16. Diagnose no-cranking, cranks but fails to start, hard starting, and starts but does not
continue to run problems; determine needed actions.
17. Diagnose engine problems caused by battery condition, connections, or excessive
key-off battery drain; determine needed repairs.
18. Diagnose engine problems resulting from an electrical undercharge, overcharge, or a
no-charge condition; determine needed action.

B. Cylinder Head and Valve Train Diagnosis and Repair (5 questions)

1. Remove, inspect, disassemble, and clean cylinder head assembly(s).
2. Inspect threaded holes, studs, and bolts for serviceability; service/replace as needed.
3. Measure cylinder head thickness, and check mating surfaces for flatness, corrosion,
warpage and surface finish; inspect for cracks/damage; check condition of passages;
inspect core and gallery plugs; determine serviceability and needed repairs.
4. Inspect valves, guides, seats, springs, retainers, rotators, locks and seals; determine
serviceability and needed repairs.
5. Inspect and/or replace injector sleeves, glow plug sleeves, and seals; pressure test to
verify repair (if applicable); measure injector tip, nozzle, or prechamber protrusion
where specified by manufacturer.
6. Inspect, and/or replace valve bridges (crossheads) and guides; adjust bridges
(crossheads) if applicable.
7. Reassemble, check, and determine required cylinder head gasket thickness; install
cylinder head assembly and gasket as specified by the manufacturer.
8. Inspect pushrods, rocker arms, rocker arm shafts, electronic components, wiring
harness, seals; repair/replace as needed.
9. Inspect, install, and adjust cam followers, lash adjusters and retainers; adjust valve
clearance if applicable.
10. Inspect, measure, and replace/reinstall overhead camshaft and bearings; measure
and adjust endplay.
11. Inspect and time drive gear train components (includes gear, chain, and belt systems).

C. Engine Block Diagnosis and Repair (5 questions)

1. Remove, inspect, service, and install pans, covers, ventilation systems, gaskets, seals,
and wear rings.
2. Disassemble, clean and inspect engine block for cracks; check mating surfaces and
related components for damage or warpage and surface finish; check deck height;
check condition of passages, core, and gallery plugs; inspect threaded holes, studs,
dowel pins and bolts for serviceability; service/replace as needed.
3. Inspect and measure cylinder walls for wear and damage; determine needed service.
4. Inspect in-block camshaft bearings for wear and damage; replace as needed.
5. Inspect, measure, and replace/reinstall in-block camshaft; measure and correct end
play; inspect, replace/reinstall, and adjust cam followers (if applicable).
6. Clean and inspect crankshaft and journals for surface finish, cracks, and damage;
check condition of oil passages; check passage plugs; measure journal diameters;
check mounting surfaces; determine needed service.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 59

 A9 Task List (continued)
7. Determine the proper select-fit components such as pistons, connecting rod and main
bearings.
8. Inspect and replace main bearings; check cap fit and bearing clearances; check and
correct crankshaft end play.
9. Inspect, replace, verify, and adjust the drive gear train components (includes gear,
chain, and belt systems).
10. Inspect, measure, or replace pistons, pins, and retainers.
11. Measure piston-to-cylinder wall clearance.
12. Identify piston, connecting rod bearing, and main bearing wear patterns that indicate
connecting rod and crankshaft alignment or bearing bore problems; check bearing
bore and bushing condition; determine needed repairs.
13. Check ring-to-groove fit and end gaps; install rings on pistons; assemble pistons
and connecting rods and install in block; check piston height/protrusion; check liner
height/protrusion (if applicable); replace rod bearings and check clearances; check
condition, position, and clearance of piston cooling jets (nozzles).
14. Inspect crankshaft vibration damper; determine needed repairs.
15. Inspect flywheel/flexplate and/or dual-mass flywheel (including ring gear) and
mounting surfaces for cracks, wear, and runout; determine needed repairs.

D. Lubrication and Cooling Systems Diagnosis and Repair (6 questions)

1. Verify base engine oil pressure and check operation of pressure sensor/switch and
pressure gauge; verify engine oil temperature and check operation of temperature
sensor.
2. Inspect, measure, repair/replace oil pump, housing, drives, pipes, and screens; check
drive gear clearance.
3. Inspect, repair/replace oil pressure regulator assembly including: housing, bore,
spring, regulator valve(s), oil filter by-pass valve(s), and anti-drain back valve.
4. Inspect, clean, test, and reinstall/replace oil cooler, by-pass valve, lines, and hoses.
5. Inspect turbocharger lubrication and cooling systems; repair/replace as needed.
6. Change engine oil and filters using proper type, viscosity, and rating per manufacturer
specifications.
7. Inspect and reinstall/replace pulleys, tensioners, and drive belts; adjust drive belts
and check alignment.
8. Verify coolant temperature; check operation of temperature and level sensors,
switches, and temperature gauge.
9. Inspect and replace thermostat(s), by-pass(es), housing(s), and seal(s).
10. Flush and refill cooling system; following manufacturer’s specification, add proper
coolant type; bleed air from system.
11. Inspect and replace water pump(s), housing(s), hoses, and idler pulley(s) or drive
gear.
12. Inspect radiator(s), pressure cap(s), and tank(s); pressure test cooling system and
radiator cap(s); determine needed repairs.
13. Inspect and repair/replace cooling fan, fan hub, fan clutch, controls, and shroud(s).

Page 60 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 A9 Task List (continued)
E. Air Induction and Exhaust Systems Diagnosis and Repair (12 questions)
1. Inspect and service/replace air induction piping, air cleaner, and element; determine
needed actions.
2. Perform intake manifold pressure tests; inspect, test, clean, and/or replace charge air
cooler and piping system; determine needed actions.
3. Inspect test, and replace turbocharger(s) (including variable ratio/geometry VGT),
pneumatic, hydraulic, vacuum, and electronic controls and actuators; inspect, test,
and replace wastegate and wastegate controls.
4. Inspect, test, and replace intake manifold(s), variable intake manifold(s), gaskets,
actuators, temperature and pressure sensors, and connections.
5. Perform exhaust back pressure and temperature tests; determine needed actions.
6. Inspect and repair/replace exhaust manifold(s), gaskets, piping, mufflers, and
mounting hardware.
7. Inspect, test, and repair/replace preheater/inlet air heater and/or glow plug system
and controls.
8. Inspect, test, and replace exhaust aftertreatment system components and controls,
including diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), selective catalyst reduction (SCR), diesel
exhaust fluid (DEF), diesel particulaate filter (DPF); check regeneration system
operation.
9. Inspect, test, service, and replace EGR system components including EGR valve(s),
EGR cooler by-pass valve(s), EGR cooler(s), piping, electronic sensors, actuators,
controls, and wiring.
10. Inspect, test, and replace airflow control (throttle) valve(s) and controls.
11. Inspect, test, and replace crankcase ventilation system components, including sensors,
filters, valves, and piping.

F. Fuel System Diagnosis and Repair (13 questions)

1. Inspect, clean, test, and repair/replace fuel system tanks, vents, caps, mounts, valves,
single/dual supply and return lines, and fittings.
2. Inspect, clean, test, and repair/replace fuel transfer and/or supply pump, sensors,
strainers, fuel/water separators/indicators, filters, heaters, coolers, ECM cooling
plates (if applicable), and mounting hardware.
3. Check fuel system for air; determine needed repairs; prime and bleed fuel system;
check and repair/replace primer pump.
4. Inspect, test, and repair/replace low fuel pressure regulator supply and return systems,
including low pressure switches.
5. Inspect and reinstall/replace high-pressure injection lines, fittings, transfer tubes,
seals, and mounting hardware.
6. Inspect, adjust, and repair/replace electronic throttle and PTO control devices,
circuits, and sensors.
7. Perform on-engine inspections, tests, and replace high pressure common rail fuel
system components and electronic controls.
8. Perform on-engine inspections and tests; replace hydraulic electronic unit injector(s)
(HEUI) components and electronic controls.
9. Perform on-engine inspections and tests; replace pump-line-nozzle fuel system
(PLN-E) components and electronic controls.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 61

 10. Perform on-engine inspections and tests; replace electronic unit injector(s) (EUI)
components and electronic controls.
11. Inspect and replace electrical connector terminals, pins, harnesses, seals, and locks.
12. Connect diagnostic scan tool to vehicle/engine; access, verify and update software
calibration settings, injector calibration codes; perform control module re-learn
procedures as needed.
13. Use a diagnostic scan tool to inspect and test electronic engine control system,
sensors, actuators, electronic control modules, and circuits; determine further
diagnosis.
14. Measure and interpret voltage, voltage drop, amperage, and resistance readings using
a digital multimeter (DMM) or appropriate test equipment.
15. Diagnose engine problems resulting from failures of interrelated systems (for
example: cruise control, security alarms/theft deterrent, transmission controls,
exhaust aftertreatment systems, electronic stability control, or non-OEM installed
accessories). ■

Page 62 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Sample Questions
Light Vehicle Diesel Engines (Test A9)

1. An electronic diesel engine has an active diagnostic trouble code (DTC)

for “Cylinder #3 Misfire” detected. This could be caused by:
* (A) low compression in the #3 cylinder.
(B) an open #3 cylinder glow plug.
(C) a shorted #3 cylinder glow plug.
(D) an incorrect fuel cetane rating.

2. A vehicle has low power under load. Which of these could be the
cause?
* (A) A leaking charge air cooler
(B) A leak in the turbocharger inlet piping
(C) Using an off road grade of fuel
(D) An open in the mass airflow sensor circuit

3. A vehicle equipped with a HEUI fuel system is hard to start at engine

temperatures lower than 35° F (1.7° C).
Technician A says that worn injectors could be the cause.
Technician B says that an open glow plug could be the cause.
Who is right?
* (A) A only
(B) B only
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B

4. Technician A says that the vanes in a variable geometry turbo (VGT)

system are closed at wide open throttle (WOT).
Technician B says that sticking vanes in a variable geometry turbo
(VGT) system can be determined by observing the MAF sensor voltage
readings on a scan tool.
Who is right?
(A) A only
(B) B only
(C) Both A and B
* (D) Neither A nor B

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 63

 A9 Sample Questions (continued)

5. An electronic fuel injector on a diesel

engine with a high-pressure common rail
injection system is being replaced. The
information at point Y in the illustration
shown indicates the injector:
(A) bar code.
(B) maximum pressure rating.
(C) opening pressure.
* (D) calibration coding.

This question contains the word EXCEPT.

Read the question carefully before
choosing your answer.

6. A diesel engine has a serious vibration at idle. Any of these could be

the cause EXCEPT:
(A) a broken motor mount.
(B) misfiring cylinders.
(C) an incorrect idle speed.
* (D) a stuck-closed EGR valve.

7. A high pressure common rail (HPCR) equipped diesel engine is being

diagnosed for a crank/no-start concern. During testing, a manual gauge
is installed and low fuel rail pressure is observed. Which of these could
be the cause?

(A) A restricted injector tip

(B) An open injector control circuit
(C) An open fuel rail pressure sensor circuit
* (D) A failed fuel rail pressure control valve

Page 64 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Test Specifications and Task List
Automobile Service Consultant (Test C1)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. Communications 23 46%
B. Product Knowledge 18 36%
C. Shop Operations 9 18%
Total 50 100%

A. Communications (23 questions)

► Customer Relations
1. Demonstrate professional telephone skills.
2. Obtain, confirm, and document pertinent vehicle/customer contact information.
3. Communicate with customer and document customer concern/request.
4. Demonstrate professional greeting skills/acknowledgement.
5. Discuss alternative transportation options.
6. Promote procedures, benefits, and capabilities of service facility.
7. Review vehicle service history.
8. Identify and communicate recommended service and maintenance needs.
9. Establish vehicle status/completion expectations.
10. Confirm accuracy of the repair order and obtain repair/service authorization.
11. Identify customer type (first time, warranty, repeat repair, fleet, etc.) and source
of payment as necessary.
12. Present professional image.
13. Perform customer follow-up.
14. Explain and confirm invoice accuracy, understanding of work performed or declined
charges, and warranties.
15. Handle customer complaints.
► Sales Skills
16. Provide and explain estimates.
17. Identify and prioritize vehicle needs and/or service recommendations.
18. Address original concerns with customer.
19. Communicate the value of related and additional services.
20. Communicate product/service features and benefits.
21. Overcome objections/finalize sale.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 65

 C1 Task List (continued)

B. Product Knowledge (18 questions)

► Engine Systems (Includes Computer Controls, Mechanical, Cooling, Fuel, Ignition,
Exhaust, Emissions Control, and Starting/Charging)
1. Identify major components and location.
2. Identify the basic function of major components.
3. Identify related items
► Drive Train Systems (Includes Computer Controls, Manual Transmission/Transaxles,
Automatic Transmission/Transaxles, and Drive Train Components)
4. Identify major components and location.
5. Identify component function.
6. Identify related items.
► Chassis Systems (Includes Computer Controls, Frames, Brakes, ABS, Traction
Control, Suspension, Steering, Wheels, Tires, and TPMS)
7. Identify major components and location.
8. Identify component function.
9. Identify related items.
► Body Systems (Includes Computer Controls, Body Components, Glass, Heating and Air
Conditioning, Electrical, Restraint and Accessories)
10. Identify major components and location.
11. Identify component function.
12. Identify related items.
► Services/Maintenance Intervals
13. Understand the elements of a maintenance procedure.
14. Identify and communicate related maintenance, reset and follow up procedures.
15. Locate and interpret maintenance schedule information.
► Warranty, Service Contracts, Service Bulletins, and Campaigns/Recalls
16. Demonstrate knowledge of warranty policies, procedures, and parameters.
17. Locate and use reference information for warranties, service contracts, service
bulletins, and campaigns/recalls.
18. Demonstrate general knowledge of service contracts, technical service bulletins,
campaigns and recalls.
19. Determine the appliction of warranty, service contracts, and campaigns/recalls.
► Vehicle Identification
20. Locate and utilize vehicle ID number (VIN).
21. Locate production date.
22. Locate and utilize component identification data.
23. Identify body styles.
C. Shop Operations (9 questions)
1. Manage work flow.
2. Demonstrate knowledge of sublet procedures.
3. Maintain customer appointment log.

Page 66 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 C1 Task List (continued)

4. Address repeat repairs/comebacks.

5. Manage after hours vehicles.
► Internal Relations
6. Effectively communicate customer service concern/request.
7. Understand the technician’s diagnosis and service recommendations.
8. Verify availability of parts.
9. Establish completion expectations.
10. Monitor repair/service progress.
11. Document information about recommended services performed or declined.
12. Communicate with shop personnel about shop production/efficiency and
repair/service quality.
13. Maintain open lines of communication within the organization. ■

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 67

 Sample Questions
Automobile Service Consultant (Test C1)

1. A customer is complaining about brake noise on their vehicle. The

service consultant should:
(A) explain that brake noise is common on all vehicles.
(B) ask the customer to imitate the noise.
* (C) explain that a technician will need to evaluate the vehicle.
(D) give the customer an average price for a brake job.

2. A customer comes in for a 30,000 mile service. While completing the

service, the technician notes that the vehicle will soon need the front
brake pads replaced. Which of these is the best way to address this
need with the customer?
(A) Note the technician’s comments on the customer’s repair order.
(B) Input the technician’s comments in the dealership’s database for
review at the next service
* (C) Call the customer and offer to complete the repair explaining why
it is needed.
(D) Address the need when the customer arrives to pick up their
vehicle.

3. The service consultant is talking to a customer on the telephone when

another customer comes to the service desk. How should the service
consultant proceed?
(A) Acknowledge the new customer after finishing the phone call.
* (B) Acknowledge the new customer while continuing the phone call.
(C) Ask the customer to call back later.
(D) Put the caller on hold and help the new customer.

4. Which of these should a service consultant do when a customer objects

to a recommended service or repair?
* (A) Ask additional questions to determine the cause of their objection.
(B) Discount the repair to satisfy the customer.
(C) Offer less expensive parts to reduce the cost.
(D) Offer to review how the technician diagnosed the vehicle.

Page 68 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 C1 Sample Questions (continued)

5. Which of these functions is performed by the engine timing belt?

(A) It connects the pistons to the crankshaft.
(B) It can be used to adjust spark timing.
* (C) It drives the camshaft.
(D) It controls engine rpm.

6. A vehicle's ABS light remains on while driving.
Service Consultant A says that while the light is ON, the ABS system
will still function.
Service Consultant B says that while the light is ON, the mechanical
brake system will still function.
Who is right?
(A) A only
* (B) B only
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B

7. Which of these represents a sublet procedure?

(A) On-car brake rotor machining
(B) Sending the customer to a glass specialist
(C) Installing a remanufactured transmission
* (D) Sending a flywheel to be resurfaced

This question contains the word EXCEPT. Read the question carefully
before choosing your answer.

8. Any of these are acceptable sources to consult for a specific vehicle

maintenance schedule EXCEPT:
(A) vehicle owner’s manual.
(B) shop reference manuals.
* (C) vehicle’s emission label.
(D) electronic information system.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 69

 Test Specifications and Task List
Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (Test F1)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. Vehicle Inspection for Condition,
Suitability, and Compliance 5 9%
B. Equipment Suitability Installation
and Inspection 8 15%
C. Leak Testing and Repairs 6 11%
D. Emissions, Performance Verification,
and Adjustments 11 20%
E. System Diagnosis, Maintenance, and Repair 16 29%
F. General Cylinder Safety and Maintenance 9 16%
Total 55 100%

Note: All CNG vehicle conversion, testing, service, and repair should be performed using
vehicle and component manufacturer’s guidelines and current NFPA 52 and/or local
safety standards.

A. Vehicle Inspection for Condition, Suitability and Compliance

(5 questions)
1. Inspect vehicle for fitness (weight, mileage, applicable emissions standards, and
safety standards).
2. Analyze engine performance; determine needed repairs.
3. Verify size, weight and capacity of compressed natural gas cylinder(s).
4. Inspect for proper location and mounting of compressed natural gas cylinders and
fuel system components.
5. Inspect for location, condition and compliance of venting system(s).

B. Equipment Installation and Inspection (8 questions)

1. Visually inspect fuel storage cylinders and system components prior to installation.
2. Install fuel storage system; secure with recommended brackets, isolators,
reinforcements, and fasteners; inspect fuel storage system.
3. Install/inspect regulator assembly(ies) and coolant lines as required.
4. Install/inspect underhood fuel delivery system components.
5. Install and connect/inspect system wiring.
6. Install/inspect electrical and electronic components.
7. Install/inspect instrument panel components.

Page 70 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 F1 Task List (continued)

8. Install / inspect fuel lines, clamps, filters, and fittings.

9. Install / inspect valves, pressure relief devices, venting systems, lines and fittings;
secure with recommended fasteners.
10. Install / inspect fuel fill receptacle(s) and check valve(s).
11. Install / inspect required labels.
12. Complete system documentation as required.
C. Leak Testing and Repairs (6 questions)
1. Check for low and high-pressure natural gas leaks; repair as needed.
2. Pressurize cylinders with natural gas.
3. Check for coolant leaks; repair as needed.
4. Check venting system integrity as required.

D. Emissions, Performance Verification and Adjustments (11 questions)

1. Check base ignition timing; adjust where applicable.
2. Check regulator(s) pressure(s); adjust where applicable.
3. Check mixture settings; adjust where applicable
4. Verify Power Train Control Module(s) (PCM) calibration.
5. Check operation of electronic components.
6. Check operation of fuel gauge; make repairs as required.
7. Perform emission tests; make repairs and document where applicable.
8. Road test vehicle for acceptable driveability; check starting/restarting abilities.
9. Check manual and automatic fuel changeover operation (bi-fuel vehicles).
10. Check fuel system for abnormal noises.
11. Verify gaseous fuel management operation.

E. System Diagnosis Maintenance and Repair (16 questions)

Note: The following tasks apply to both bi-fuel and dedicated CNG vehicles.
1. Interpret and verify operational complaint; determine needed repair.
2. Visually inspect gaseous fuel system components; determine needed repairs.
3. Retrieve and interpret Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTC) through the use of
recommended PC based software, DMM, and/or scan tool.
4. Diagnose driveability and emissions problems related to the ignition system;
determine needed repairs.
5. Diagnose driveability and emissions problems related to fuel and air induction
systems, and exhaust systems; determine needed repairs.
6. Diagnose driveability and emissions problems related to electronic engine controls;
determine needed repairs.
7. Check vacuum/electrical/electronic component operation; repair or replace as needed.
8. Check gaseous fuel delivery system pressures, component operation; repair or replace
as needed.
9. Remove and/or replace fuel lines, manual and electrical valves, fittings, and pressure
relief devices.
10. De-fuel CNG system.
11. Check for signs of fuel contamination; inspect, replace and/or service fuel system
filters as required.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 71

 F1 Task List (continued)

F. General Cylinder Safety and Maintenance (9 questions)

1. Visually inspect fuel storage cylinder(s), shields and mounting.
2. Remove and replace cylinders; de-fuel according to recommended procedures;
replace shields, brackets, and hardware as required.
3. Handle and store cylinders in accordance with recommended procedures.
4. Interpret cylinder label information; determine necessary action.
5. Inspect pressure relief devices (PRD) and related hardware; determine necessary
action.
6. Inspect condition and operation of cylinders/tank valves; determine necessary
action.
7. Decommission cylinders according to recommended procedures. ■

Page 72 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Sample Questions
Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle (Test F1)

1. An EPA-certified CNG system has failed emissions due to a failure of a

high cost system component. The best first step in repair should be to:
(A) replace the part and charge the customer to ensure timely
service.
(B) attempt to locate a substitute component from a different
manufacturer.
(C) modify the system to eliminate the part.
* (D) check with the system manufacturer for warranty.

2. Which of these should be used to check the fuel line connections after
a compressed natural gas conversion?
(A) Nitrogen
(B) Propane
* (C) Non-ammonia soap
(D) Carbon dioxide

3. After installing a new CNG fuel tank, the technician finds that the
vehicle will not accept fuel. Which of these could be the cause?
(A) A pinched O-ring on the receptacle line
* (B) A failure to open the manual lock-down valve(s)
(C) An open circuit on the in-tank solenoid valve
(D) A short-to-ground in the solenoid wiring harness

4. A hoop-wrapped Type-2 cylinder shows evidence of stress corrosion
cracking. What should the technician do?
(A) Nothing, stress corrosion cracking is normal
(B) Repair the area using an approved coating
(C) Note the damage on the inspection form
* (D) Remove the cylinder from service

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 73

 F1 Sample Questions (continued)

5. A bi-fuel vehicle with the valve shown is in for a routine coalescent filter
change.
Technician A says that the valve should be closed to stop gasoline flow
to the engine.
Technician B says that the valve should be closed to stop CNG flow
from the tank.
Who is right?
(A) A only
* (B) B only
(C) Both A and B
(D) Neither A nor B

This question contains the word EXCEPT. Read the question carefully
before choosing your answer.

6. A dedicated CNG vehicle has a no-start condition. All of these could be

the cause EXCEPT:
(A) no ignition source.
* (B) recurved timing.
(C) no fuel pressure.
(D) low battery voltage.

Page 74 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 Test Specifications and Task List
Exhaust Systems (Test X1)

Content Questions Percentage

Area in Test of Test
A. Exhaust System Inspection and Repair 11 28%
1. Inspection (6)
2. Repair (5)
B. Emissions Systems Diagnosis 8 20%
C. Exhaust System Fabrication 6 15%
1. Pipe Bending (3)
2. Welding and Cutting (3)
D. Exhaust System Installation 8 20%
E. Exhaust System Repair Regulations 7 18%
Total 40 100%

A. Exhaust System Inspection and Repair (11 questions)

1. Inspection (6 questions)
1. Inspect all exhaust system components for noises, rattles, missing parts,
configuration, routing and integrity by visual, audible, and thump testing; determine
needed repair.
2. Inspect exhaust system for leaks, restrictions, and overheating by visual, audible,
back pressure, vacuum, and temperature testing; determine needed repair.
3. Inspect exhaust subsystems [air injection reactor (AIR), exhaust gas recirculation
(EGR), oxygen sensor(s) (O2S/HO2S), air/fuel ratio (AFR) sensor(s), turbochargers]
and mounting hardware; determine needed repair.
4. Identify emission systems configuration using the emissions label; visually inspect
exhaust system for evidence of tampering (missing/modified and/or improperly
installed components); determine needed repair.
5. Inspect exhaust system electrical components; determine needed repair.
6. Inspect engine/transmission mount condition and alignment; determine needed repair.
2. Repair (5 questions)
1. Repair or replace failed or damaged mufflers, pipes, and related components.
2. Repair or replace damaged catalytic converters.
3. Repair or replace exhaust manifolds.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 75

 X1 Task List (continued)

4. Repair or replace exhaust system mounting hardware and related installation

components.
5. Repair or replace exhaust subsystems [air injection reactor (AIR), exhaust gas
recirculation (EGR), oxygen sensor (O2S/HO2S), air/fuel ratio (AFR) sensor(s),
turbochargers] and mounting hardware.

B. Emissions Systems Diagnosis (8 questions)

1. Identify failed catalytic converter(s); determine cause of failure; determine needed
repair.
2. Identify failed air injection reactor (AIR) system; determine cause of failure;
determine needed repair.
3. Identify failed exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system; determine cause of
failure; determine needed repair.
4. Identify failed failed air/fuel ratio (AFR) sensor(s) and oxygen sensor(s)(O2S/HO2S)
component(s) and circuitry; determine cause of failure; determine needed repair.
5. Inspect emission systems for evidence of tampering (missing/modified and/or
improperly installed component) based on the configuration identified on the
emission label; determine needed repair.
C. Exhaust System Fabrication (6 questions)
1. Pipe Bending (3 questions)
1. Determine bending method (program card, pattern/copy, or custom).
2. Determine center of bends, rotation of pipe, depth of bends, and pipe diameter(s);
perform bending operation.
3. Perform end-forming/flaring and hardware installation operations.
4. Determine the cause of pipe material failures that occur during bending operations.
2. Welding and Cutting (3 questions)
1. Select appropriate welding method (gas or MIG); perform welding operation;
verify integrity of weld.
2. Set up and adjust welding equipment to repair application; observe applicable
personnel, vehicle, and equipment safety procedures.
3. Select appropriate cutting method (gas or mechanical); perform cutting operation.
4. Set up and adjust cutting equipment to repair application; observe applicable
personnel, vehicle, and equipment safety procedures.

D. Exhaust System Installation (8 questions)

1. Identify exhaust system configuration and options according to manufacturer’s
specifications (routing, single/dual, etc).
2. Select components according to accepted standards regarding material, type, design,
and size.
3. Install appropriate exhaust system components (mufflers, resonators, catalytic
converters, pipes, and manifolds).
4. Install appropriate exhaust system hardware (clamps, hangers, gaskets, flanges,
fasteners, and heat shields).
5. Inspect system for proper exhaust component clearance and routing.

Page 76 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 X1 Task List (continued)

6. Inspect system for proper exhaust component-to-component connection sealing.

7. Install exhaust subsystem components [air injection reactor (AIR), exhaust gas
recirculation (EGR) valve, oxygen sensor(s) (O2S/HO2S), air/fuel ratio (AFR)
sensor(s)].
E. Exhaust System Repair Regulations (7 questions)
Note: Federal EPA law establishes minimum compliance requirements for emission
systems repair. States and local municipalities may institute requirements that
exceed the Federal EPA requirements. Knowledge of the Federal EPA requirements
will be addressed in the following tasks.
1. Comply with warranty and diagnostic requirements regarding permissible catalytic
converter installations.
2. Comply with requirements regarding prohibited catalytic converter installations.
3. Comply with requirements regarding record keeping.
4. Comply with requirements regarding catalytic converter replacement, location,
and type.
5. Comply with requirements regarding replacement of air injection reactor (AIR),
exhaust gas recirculations (EGR), oxygen sensor (O2S/HO2S), air/fuel ratio (AFR)
sensor, and turbocharger systems.
6. Comply with requirements regarding exhaust system configuration. ■

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 77

 Sample Questions
Exhaust Systems (Test X1)

1. Which of these could cause an exhaust manifold gasket to fail?

(A) A failed AIR pump
* (B) A restricted exhaust system
(C) An inoperative converter
(D) A failed EGR valve

2. Which of these repairs should be made on a vehicle with a cracked

catalytic converter flange?
* (A) Repair or replace the flange.
(B) Replace the converter with a test pipe.
(C) Replace the lead pipe.
(D) Seal and clamp the connection.

3. A visual inspection of a vehicle’s catalytic converter reveals that the
substrate (brick) has melted.
Technician A says that a failed oxygen sensor (O2S) could be the
cause.
Technician B says that a misfiring spark plug could be the cause.
Who is right?
(A) A only * (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

4. To fit a 2 1/4” (57 mm) diameter pipe to fit over another 2 1/4” (57 mm)
diameter pipe, a technician should expand the pipe to:
(A) 2 3/8” (60 mm) OD.
(B) 2 1/8” (54 mm) OD.
(C) 2 1/2” (64 mm) ID.
* (D) 2 1/4” (57 mm) ID.

Page 78 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 X1 Sample Questions (continued)

5. When performing a “converter-back” exhaust system installation, a
technician should:
(A) replace all hangers.
* (B) check for proper clearances.
(C) weld each connection.
(D) test for proper backpressure.

6. Technician A says that a broken transmission mount could cause the

exhaust system to become misaligned.
Technician B says that a broken engine mount could cause the exhaust
system to become misaligned.
Who is right?
(A) A only * (C) Both A and B
(B) B only (D) Neither A nor B

7. Which of these is an illegal procedure to perform on a catalytic

converter equipped vehicle?
* (A) Install a test pipe in place of the converter.
(B) Install a muffler before the converter.
(C) Install a converter bolted directly to the exhaust manifold.
(D) Install a three-way converter in place of a two-way converter.

8. The flex pipe, located between the exhaust manifold and the catalytic
converter, is broken. A flex pipe should be used as a replacement
because it:
(A) strengthens the exhaust systems.
(B) quiets the exhaust system.
(C) helps to heat the converter.
* (D) allows for engine movement.

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 79

 Test Prep & Training
Taking an ASE certification test doesn’t have to be a high stress challenge.
The ASE website contains test preparation and training information tailored
to your specific needs. Visit www.ase.com and use the “Test Prep & Training”
tab. We’ve loaded this section of our website with plenty of information to help
boost both your knowledge and your confidence—two of your most important tools
as a test-taker.
Official ASE Practice Tests Community Colleges and
The easy way to try your hand at Technical Training Schools
taking ASE-style certification exams, Get instructor-led, hands-on training
without the stress and high stakes of at schools accredited by the National
the real thing. Automotive Technicians Education
Foundation.
Test Taking Tips
An easy, self-guided introduction to ATMC for more training options
taking your ASE certification test, The ASE Training Managers Council
including examples of the types of is a professional organization of
questions you’ll see­and proven tips individuals responsible for the
for success. development and delivery of training
in the auto and truck industries.
Study Guides The ATMC administers the ASE
Free, step-by-step guides to help you Accredited Training Provider of
understand what’s involved in each Continuing Automotive Service
test—including sample questions and Education program. A list of ASE
suggestions for further preparation. accredited training providers can be
ASE Testing Demo found at the ATMC website.
Are you new to ASE testing or has it www.atmc.org
been a few years? The demonstration Other test prep and training
at www.ase.com/asedemo will show programs
you how the test platform works, so Many test-takers have used
you’ll feel right at home with the aftermarket test prep and training
testing format. programs and found them helpful.
Please note that ASE has neither
In-service Training Providers
reviewed nor approved the content of
You can choose from a variety of
these programs and providers.
training programs, both instructor-
led and self-directed, that have been
evaluated through a quality-assurance
process and verified as ASE accredited
training providers.

Page 80 ASE Automobile Study Guide

 COPYRIGHT © 2019 by
National Institute for
AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE EXCELLENCE
All rights reserved

ASE Automobile Study Guide Page 81

 National Institute for
AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE EXCELLENCE
1503 Edwards Ferry Road, NE
Suite 401
Leesburg, VA 20176
To contact us:
703-669-6600
www.ase.com