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Biology: Lenticels Are Mainly Involved In.

The document discusses various plant anatomy and biology concepts. It provides descriptions of characteristics of monocot roots, vascular bundles in monocots, and differences between tracheids and other tracheary elements. It also presents several lists with terms that need to be matched correctly.

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Mahesh Yadav
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
204 views11 pages

Biology: Lenticels Are Mainly Involved In.

The document discusses various plant anatomy and biology concepts. It provides descriptions of characteristics of monocot roots, vascular bundles in monocots, and differences between tracheids and other tracheary elements. It also presents several lists with terms that need to be matched correctly.

Uploaded by

Mahesh Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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com  21,  2019 -  7

Lenticels are mainly involved in..


BIOLOGY
14. Palisade parenchyma is absent in LIST – I LIST – II
leaves of 1) Bean shaped guard cell
1) mustard 2) soya bean I. Adaxial tissue
1. A major characteristic of monocot root 3) gram 4) sorghum 2) Trichomes II. Dicot leaf
is the presence of 15. In barley stem, vascular bundles are 3) Bulliform cells
1) vasculature without cambium 1) closed and scattered III. Abaxial tissue
2) cambium sandwiched between phloem 2) open and in a ring 4) Palisade parenchyma IV. Monocot leaf
and xylem along the radius 3) closed and radial V. Stem epidermis
3) open vascular bundles 4) open and scattered The correct match is
4) scattered vascular bundles 16. Passage cells are thin – walled cells A B C D
2. Vascular bundles in monocotyledons found in 1) II IV I V
are considered closed because 1) phloem elements that serve as entry 2) II I IV V
1) there no vessels with perforations points for substance for transport to 3) II III IV I Nakrekanti Seenaiah
2) xylem is surrounded all around by phloem other 4) II V IV I Senior Faculty
3) a bundle sheath surrounds each bundle 2) testa of seeds to enable emergence of 23. Study the following lists NEET expert
4) cambium is absent growing embryonic axis during seed LIST – I LIST – II Hyderabad
3. Read the different components from (i) germination 1) Bast I. Periderm + bast 8008969621
to (iv) in the list given below and tell 3) central region of style through which 2) Phelloderm
the correct order of the components the pollen tube grows towards the II. Dead impervious tissue
ovary 3) Bark III. Secondary phloem The correct match is
with reference to their arrangement
4) endodermis of roots 4) Cork IV. Lignified tissue A B C D
from outer side to inner side in a woody NEET
facilitating rapid V. Secondary cortex 1) V IV I II
dicot stem. Special
transport of water from The correct match is 2) II III IV I
i) Secondary cortex ii) Wood
cortex to pericycle A B C D 3) V II I IV
iii) Secondary phloem
17. (A): No secondary growth takes place 1) III I V II 4) III IV V I
iv) Phellem The correct order is
in monocots 2) III V I II 28. Study the following lists
1) iv, i, iii, ii 2) iv, iii, i, ii
(R): Secondary growth is not related 3) II I IV III LIST – I LIST – II
3) iii, iv, ii, i 4) i, ii, iv, iii
with cambium 4) IV II III I 1) Complimentary cells
4. Tracheids differ from other tracheary
1) both(A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the 24. Study the following lists I. Thin walled parenchyma
elements in
correct explanation of (A). LIST – I LIST – II 2) Secondary cortex
1) having casparian strips
2) both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is 1) Heart wood I. Tannins II. Meristematic layer
2) being imperforate
not the correct explanation of (A). 2) Spring wood II. Conduction 3) Cork cambium III. Bast
3) lacking nucleus 4) being liquified
3) (A) is true (R) is false 3) Sap wood 4) Primary cortex IV. Lenticel
5. Lenticels are mainly involved in
4) both (A) and (R) are false III. Large xylem vessels V. Thick walled parenchyma
1) food transport 2) photosynthesis
18. Sclerenchyma usually _ _ _ _ and _ _ 4) Autumn wood IV. Cork cambium The correct match is
3) transpiration 4) gaseous exchange
_ _ protoplasts. V. Narrow xylem vessels A B C D
6. Interfascicular cambium develops from
1) live, without 2) dead, with The correct match is 1) IV III II I
the cells of
3) live, with 4) dead, without A B C D 2) I II IV V
1) endodermis 2) pericycle
19. Which of the following statements 1) I II III V 3) IV V II I
3) transpiration 4) xylem parenchyma
is/are true? 2) II III I IV 4) II III V IV
7. Companion cells are closely associated with
a) Uneven thickening of cell wall is 3) I III II V 29. Study the following lists
1) sieve elements 2) vessel elements
characteristic of sclerenchyma. 4) I V IV II LIST – I LIST – II
3) trichomes 4) guard cells
b) Periblem forms cortex of the stem and 25. Study the following lists 1) Discontinuous cambium rong
8. Water containing cavities in vascular
the root LIST – I LIST – II I. Produces secondary vascular tissues
bundles are found in
c) Tracheids are the chief water 1) Epidermis I. Lateral roots 2) Complete cambium ring
1) sunflower 2) maize
transporting elements in gymnosperms. 2) Endodermis II. Secondary cambium II. Dicot root
3) cycas 4) pinus
d) Companion cell is devoid of nucleus at 3) Pericycle III. Stomata 3) Lenticel III. Monocot root
9. As compared to a dicot root, a monocot
maturity 4) Conjugative tissue IV. Cuticle 4) Wavy cambium ring
root has
e) The commercial cork is obtained from V. Suberized walls IV. Primary dicot stem
1) more abundant secondary xylem
Quercus suber. The correct match is V. Lens shaped
2) many xylem bundles
1) a and d only 2) b and e only A B C D The correct match is
3) inconspicuous annual rings
3) c and d only 4) b, c and e only 1) I II III IV A B C D
4) relatively thicker periderm
20. (A) : Vessels are more efficient for 2) II III IV I 1) IV I V II
10. Ground tissue includes
water conduction as compared to 3) IV V I II 2) IV V I II
1) all tissues external to endodermis
tracheids 4) IV I V II 3) III IV II V
2) all tissues except epidermis and
(R): Vessels are dead lignified. 26. Study the following lists 4) V II IV III
vascular bundles
1) both(A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the LIST – I LIST – II 30. Study the following lists
3) epidermis and cortex
correct explanation of (A). 1) Dicot stem I. Exarch xylem LIST – I LIST – II
4) all tissues internal to endodermis
2) both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is 2) Monocot leaf II. Ground tissue 1) Tracheids I. Irregular shaped cells
11. The cork cambium, cork and
not the correct explanation of (A). 3) Monocot stem III. Secondary growth 2) Spongy parenchyma
secondary cortex are collectively called
3) (A) is true (R) is false 4) Dicot root II. Rectangular cells
1) phelloderm 2) phellogen
4) both (A) and (R) are false IV. Collenchymatous hypodermis 3) Sieve tubes
3) periderm 4) phellem
21. Study the following lists ............... V. Bundle sheath III. Cylindrical tube like cells
12. The function of companion cells is to
LIST – I LIST – II The correct match is 4) Phloem parenchyma
1) provide energy to sieve elements for
1) Primary meristem A B C D IV. Elongated cells with tapering ends
active transport
I. Interfascicular cambium 1) IV I V III V. Oval cells
2) provide water to phloem
2) Secondary meristem 2) IV II I V The correct match is
3) load sucrose into sieve elements by
II. Intercalary meristem 3) IV I III V A B C D
passive transport
3) Apical meristem III. Shoot apex 4) IV V II III 1) I IV III V
4) load sucrose into sieve elements by
4) Lateral meristem 27. Study the following lists 2) IV I III II
active transport
IV. Intra fascicular cambium LIST – I LIST – II 3) III I II V
13. Some vascular bundles are described as
V. Phellogen 1) Autumn wood 4) III II I V
open because these
1) are surrounded by pericycle but no The correct match is I. Hard and highly durable ANSWERS
endodermis A B C D 2) Spring wood
1-1, 2-4, 3-1, 4-4, 5-4, 6-3,
2) are capable of producing secondary 1) V II IV I II. Main role in conduction
2) IV III V II 3) Heart wood 7-1, 8-2, 9-2, 10-2, 11-3, 12-4,
xylem and phloem
3) possess conjunctive tissue between 3) IV V III I III.Constitutes one annual ring 13-2, 14-4, 15-1, 16-4, 17-3, 18-2,
xylem and phloem 4) I IV III V 4) Spawood IV. Lighter in appearance 19-4, 20-2, 21-3, 22-4, 23-2, 24-3,
4) are not surrounded by pericycle 22. Study the following lists V. Narrow xylem vessels 25-3, 26-4, 27-1, 28-3, 29-1, 30-2.
10  21,  2019 -  ntnews.com ntadilabad.com

Why does she hate classical music?


CORRECTION OF SENTENCES 51) Suma is an popular anchor. 98) The collector discussed about the
I). Nouns: 52) I waited for a hour. problems of the villagers.
1) Your informations are wrong. 53) Bring five dozens oranges and 99) He is not remembering numbers.
2) He has bought expensive furnitures. distribute them among the students. 100) You have to agree for my
3) Children should learn the alphabets 54) Sun rises in east. proposals.
with joy. 55) Many people take roties for the 101) Why is she hating classical music?
4) He has deep knowledges of various lunch. 102) Students should to ask questions if
fields. 56)Do you like to play violin? they have doubts.
5) The sceneries of Darjeeling are very 57) Onions cost Rs.20 kilogram. 103) My friends made me to stay there.
beautiful. V) Verbs: 104) It is raining since yesterday.
6) keep your surrounding clean. 58) When he was trying to explain the 105) I am good in English.
7) The police has caught the smugglers. problem, his friend disturbs him. 106) Some students come lately to
8) This good is imported. 59) They are staying in the same flat for college everyday.
9) He bought a new pant. the last many years. 107) I reached there before two hours.
10) We must express thank to those who 60) How long are you waiting here? 108) If cleanliness will be VIVEKANANDA .B
help us. 61) He is interested to do a job. maintained,we will be healthy. Narayana group of
11) Economics are an interesting 62) They have moved to the new house 109) We had seen them two weeks ago.
Institutions, Hyderabad
subject. last week. 110) The river has overflown its banks
63) He is having many imported in many places. 9912343401
12) Athletics are an interesting sport.
13) The news of the earthquake have clothes. 111) He has hanged his coat on a nail.
spread like wildfire. 64) As soon as I opened the doors the 112) All banks are open from 10.30 am
birds fly away. and 4 pm. 47) elder
14) Measles are an infectious disease. 48) wider than those of
15) Ocean sands are not used for 65) If I will stand on my own legs, my 113) If she is felicitated, she would have
parents will feel happy. felt happy. 49) more honest
construction. iv) . Articles
16) C.V.Raman’s Knowledges of all 66) If you consult me I would have 114) He is not an expert in grammar,
advised you. isn’t it? 50) a 51) a 52) an hour 53) dozen
branches of physics are amazing. 54) the sun, the east 55) lunch
17) Both my brother-in-laws are 67) He is visiting the library daily. 115) We saw him to do the work.
116) Children are fond for chocolates. 56) the violin 57) Rs. 20 a kilogram
working in the U.S.A. v) Verbs
18) There is a scarcity of man-servants X) Learning from mistakes:
1).Very good morning! 58) disturbed 59) have been staying
now-a-days. INTERMEDIATE 60) have you been waiting
2).What is your good name?
19) Many passer-bys observed the s p e c i a l 3).Why you are late today. 61) in doing 62) moved 63) has
accident. J U N I O R 64) flew away 65) stand
20) Mouses have spoiled the crop. 4).The staff meeting has been pre-
poned. 66) you had consulted 67) visits
21) There are five womans in the team. vi). Adverbs
22) My cousin brother is a doctor. VI) Adverbs: 5).I will report it to the concerned
68) I am too happy to meet you. teacher. 68) very 69) too hot to
23) We should wash our foots before 70) fast 71) hardly/ don’t believe it hard
coming into the house. 69) The tiffin is very hot to eat. 6). We go home by walk.
70) He walks very fastly. 7). Q: Where you come from? A:I am 72) carefully 73) well 74) scarcely
24) He has many sheeps. 75) hard 76) slowly
25) Some cattles are grazing in the field. 71) we don’t hardly believe it. coming from khammam.
72) They don’t do anything careful. 8). I do not know what is your name. vii) Prepositions
II) Pronouns: 77) among 78) among
26) One of my classmates are a doctor. 73) They speak English very good. 9) He went to the back-side of the
74) She scarce attends classes. house. 79) to 80) of 81) to
27) Neither of the girls are absent. 82) Remove,’into’
28) One should look after her parents. 75) He works very hardly. 10). She is not on talking terms with me.
76) He is walking very slow. 11). They find it very difficult to make 83) from entering 84) Besides
29) Every men are responsible for this 85) between 10 and 8 p.m
situation. VII) Prepositions: both their ends meet.
77) Unity is important between people. 12). We have to take care of the females viii)
30) Neither Parimala nor Nethaji are 86) on
interested in politics. 78) The property was divided between in our family.
the four brothers. 13). What you are going to do during 87) you must either take up
31) His both hands are paralyzed. 88) she drinks neither 89) as proud as
32) The principal and the chairman has 79) I prefer fruits than sweets. your leave?
80) He is afraid with darkness. 14). I hope you enjoyed the beautiful 90) where SBI was, remove ‘that’
attended the programme. ix)
33) Each of them were given a gift. 81) We should not feel superior than sceneries at ooty.
others. 15). I have worked here since one year. 91) what my name was
34) Students must avail the 92) Remove ‘don’t’
opportunities. 82) We entered into the hall to watch
35) The two players blamed one another
for their defeat.
the play.
83) Can you prevent them to enter the
KEY 93) Remove ’years’/ (years old)
94) of95) remove ‘that’
swimming pool? i). Nouns 96) to meeting 97) have known.
36) His all family members are 98) remove ‘about’
employed. 84) Beside being a poet, Tagore is also a 1) Information 2) Furniture 3) Alphabet
short story writer. 4) Knowledge 5) Scenery, is 99) doesn’t remember 100) to
37) All Indians must respect each other. 101) does she hate
38) Yourself are responsible for your 85) The shops will be opened between 6) Surroundings 7) Have 8) Goods
10 am to 8 pm. 9) pants 10) thanks 11) is 12) is 102) remove’to’ 103) remove’to’
future. 104) has been raining 105) at
39) There are no less than ten employed 86) Every one congratulated her for her 13) has 14) is 15) Ocean sand is
wonderful performance. 16) C.V. Raman’s knowledge 106) late
persons in their village. 107) in two hours / two hours before
40) He and me are brothers. VIII) 17) brothers-in-law 18) men-servants
87) Either/you must take up a job or 19) Passers-by 20) mice 108) is 109) saw 110) has overflowed
III) Adjectives: 111) hung 112) to
41) She is more shorter than her brother. start a business. 21) women 22) cousin
88) Neither she drinks tea nor coffee. 23) our feet 24) sheep 25) cattle 113) had been felicitated 114) is he?
42) As there are only few students, I can 115) do/doing 116) of
interact with them easily. 89) Sheela is as proud like a peacock. ii). Pronouns
90) They asked me that where SBI was. 26) classmates is 27) is x) Learning from mistakes
43) Everest is the most highest of all the 1) Remove ’very’ 2) name
mountains in the world. IX) 28) one’s 29) man, is 30) is
91) They asked me what was my name. 31) Both his hands 3) Are you 4) advanced
44) My all friends are very active. 5) Remove ‘it’
45) Gandhi is more truthful than any 92) Unless you don’t concentrate, you 32) have 33) was
won’t understand anything. 34) avail themselves of the pportunities 6) On foot 7) Are you coming
political leader. 8) Your name was 9) Back
46) This is taller than many buildings in 93) I am forty years. 35) each other 36) All his family
94) This article is made with cotton. 37) one other 38) you 10) Not on speaking terms
Hyderabad. 11) to make their both ends meet
47) Raghu is my older brother. 95) The doctor advised him that not to 39) no fewer than 40) I
eat oily food. iii). Adjectives 12) women1
48) The streets of Hyderabad are wider 13) what are you going, on your leave /
than warangal. 96) We look forward to meet the 41) Shorter 42) a few 43) highest
minister. 44) All my friends during vacation
49) We are honest than they are. 14) enjoyed yourself, scenery
IV) Articles: 97) I know them for the last many 45) Any other political leader
years. 46) many other buildings 15) for
50) You must eat an fruit daily.
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2) º 8) yÏ˛ 15) G 22) yÏ˛ 29) yÏ˛ 36) yÏ˛ 43) G
3) G 9) G 16) º 23) Ì‹ 30) Ì‹ 37) º 44) yÏ˛
4) yÏ˛ 10) Ì‹ 17) Ì‹ 24) Ì‹ 31) Ì‹ 38) G
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Jr.Inter - English Grammar


CORRECTION OF ERRORS
VIVEKANANDA.B
IN SENTENCES
Academic Prog.Head
Narayana Group Of
I) Nouns: Educational Institutions
1) Your informations are wrong.
2) He has bought expensive furnitures.
3) Children should learn the alphabets with 82) We entered into the hall to watch the play.
joy. 83) Can you prevent them to enter the swim-
4) He has deep knowledges of various fields. ming pool?
5) The sceneries of Darjeeling are very 84) Beside being a poet, Tagore is also a
beautiful. short story writer.
6) Keep your surrounding clean. 85) The shops will be opened between 10 am
7) The police has caught the smugglers. to 8 pm.
8) This good is imported. 86) Every one congratulated her for her won-
9) He bought a new pant. derful performance.
10) We must express thank to those who help VIII)
us.
87) Either/you must take up a job or start a
11) Economics are an interesting subject.
business.
12) Athletics are an interesting sport.
88) Neither she drinks tea nor coffee.
13) The news of the earthquake have spread
89) Sheela is as proud like a peacock.
like wildfire. 39) There are no less than ten employed per- lem, his friend disturbs him. 90) They asked me that where SBI was.
14) Measles are an infectious disease. sons in their village. 59) They are staying in the same flat for the
15) Ocean sands are not used for construction. IX)
40) He and me are brothers. last many years.
16) C.V.Raman's Knowledges of all branch- 60) How long are you waiting here? 91) They asked me what was my name.
es of physics are amazing. 61) He is interested to do a job. 92) Unless you don't concentrate, you won't
III) Adjectives:
17) Both my brother-in-laws are working in 62) They have moved to the new house last understand anything.
the U.S.A. 41) She is more shorter than her brother. week. 93) I am forty years.
18) There is a scarcity of man-servants now- 42) As there are only few students, I can 63) He is having many imported clothes. 94) This article is made with cotton.
a-days. interact with them easily. 64) As soon as I opened the doors the birds 95) The doctor advised him that not to eat oily
19) Many passer-bys observed the accident. 43) Everest is the most highest of all the fly away. food.
20) Mouses have spoiled the crop. mountains in the world. 65) If I will stand on my own legs, my par- 96) We look forward to meet the minister.
21) There are five womans in the team. 44) My all friends are very active. ents will feel happy. 97) I know them for the last many years.
22) My cousin brother is a doctor. 45) Gandhi is more truthful than any politi- 66) If you consult me I would haveadvised 98) The collector discussed about the prob-
23) We should wash our foots before coming cal leader. you. lems of the villagers.
into the house. 46) This is taller than many buildings in 67) He is visiting the library daily. 99) He is not remembering numbers.
24) He has many sheeps. Hyderabad. 100) You have to agree for my proposals.
25) Some cattles are grazing in the field. 47) Raghu is my older brother. 101) Why is she hating classical music?
VI) Adverbs:
48) The streets of Hyderabad are wider than 102) Students should to ask questions if they
II) Pronouns: warangal. 68) I am too happy to meet you. have doubts.
49) We are honest than they are. 69) The tiffin is very hot to eat. 103) My friends made me to stay there.
26) One of my classmates are a doctor. 70) He walks very fastly. 104) It is raining since yesterday.
27) Neither of the girls are absent. 71) Wedon't hardly believe it. 105) I am good in English.
IV) Articles: 106)Some students come lately to college
28) One should look after her parents. 72) They don't do anything careful.
29) Every men are responsible for this situa- 73) They speak English very good. everyday.
50) You must eat an fruit daily.
tion. 74) She scarce attends classes. 107) I reached there before two hours.
51) Suma is an popular anchor.
30) Neither Parimala nor Nethaji are inter- 75) He works very hardly. 108) If cleanliness will be maintained,we will
52) I waited for a hour.
ested in politics. 76) He is walking very slow. be healthy.
53) Bring five dozens oranges and distribute
31) His both hands are paralyzed. 109) We had seen them two weeks ago.
them among the students.
32) The principal and the chairman has 110) The river has overflown its banks in
54) Sun rises in east. VII) Prepositions:
attended the programme. many places.
55) Many people take roties for the lunch.
33) Each of them were given a gift. 111) He has hanged his coat on a nail.
56) Do you like to play violin? 77) Unity is important between people.
34) Students must avail the opportunities. 112) All banks are open from 10.30 am and 4 pm.
57) Onions cost Rs. 20 kilogram. 78) The property was divided between the
35) The two players blamed one another for 113)If she is felicitated, she would have felt
four brothers.
their defeat. happy.
V) Verbs: 79) I prefer fruits than sweets.
36) His all family members are employed. 114) He is not an expert in grammar, isn't it?
80) He is afraid with darkness.
37) All Indians must respect each other. 115) We saw him to do the work.
58) When he was trying to explain the prob- 81) We should not feel superior than others.
38) Yourself are responsible for your future. 116) Children are fond for chocolates.

i) Nouns: Key 31) Both his hands 53) dozen 54) the sun, the east 74) scarcely 75) hard 96) to meeting 97) have
1) Information 2) Furniture 32) have 33) was 55) lunch 56) the violin 76) slowly known.
3) Alphabet 4) Knowledge 34) avail themselves of the 57) Rs. 20 a kilogram vii) Prepositions: 98) remove 'about'
5) Scenery, is 6) Surroundings opportunities 35) each other v) Verbs: 99) doesn't remember
7) Have 8) Goods 36) All his family 77) among 78) among 100) to 101) does she hate
9) pants 10) thanks 37) One other 38) you 58) disturbed 59) have been 79) to 80) of 81) to 102) remove'to' 103) remove'to'
11) is 12) is 13) has 14) is 39) no fewer than 40) I staying 60) have you 82) Remove,'into' 104) has been raining 105) at
15) Ocean sand is been waiting 83) from entering 84) Besides 106) late
iii) Adjectives: 61) in doing 62) moved 85) between 10 and 8 p.m
16) C.V.Raman's knowledge 107) in two hours / two hours
17) Brothers-in-law 41) Shorter 42) a few 63) has 64) flew away 86) on before 108) is
18) men-servants 19) Passers-by 43) highest 44) All my friends 65) stand 87) you must either take up 109) saw
20) mice 21) women 45) Any other political leader 66) you had consulted 67) visits 88) she drinks neither 110) has overflowed 111) hung
22) cousin 23) our feet 46) many other buildings vi) Adverbs: 89) as proud as 90) where SBI 112) to
24) sheep 25) cattle 47) elder 48) wider than those of was, remove 'that' 113) had been felicitated
49) more honest 68) very 69) too hot to 91) what my name was
ii) Pronouns: 70) fast 114) is he? 115) do/doing
iv) Articles: 92) Remove 'don't' 116) of
26) classmates is 27) is 28) one's 71) hardly/ don't believe it hard 93) Remove 'years'/ (years old)
29) man, is 30) is 50) a 51) a 52) an hour 72) carefully 73) well 94) of 95) remove 'that'
12 k˛eTyês¡+ 21.1.2019
ôV’≤<äsêu≤<é

Explain the procedure to find Median of...


Statistics Prepared by
Introduction: - Mr. K. Kumar
- Statistics is a branch of Mathematics Senior Faculty
which consists of collection, compu-
Hyderabad
tation and Analysis of data
- Father of Statistics “Sir Ronald A
ph:9492956214
Fisher”
Find the value of ∈ firi for the above dat a,
- Frequency :- The number of items
where ÷; is the mid value of each class
in each class of a frequency distribu-
Sol : -
tion is called class Frequency
Class Mid value (i) frequency Fi xi
- Class External :- difference betw
10-20 15 5 75
een upper boundary and lower boun
dary is called class Interval 20-30 25 8 200
30-40 35 10 350
Ex :-
40-50 45 5 225
Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30
50-60 55 2 110
Frequency 4 10 6
∈ fi=960
Here class Interval = 10 – 0 = 10 (or) l – lower boundary of the modal class 3) Write the first 10 prime numbers and
20 – 10 = 10 (or) 30 – 20 = 10 h – size of the modal class Interval find the Median 5) Find the mode
L.C.F :- In a frequency distribution the f1 - Frequency of modal class Sol :- First 10 prime numbers are Class 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11
sum of all frequency from the begin- f0 - Frequency of the class preceding the 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13 17, 19, 23, 29 Frequency 6 7 9 2 1
ning to the upper boundary of a par- modal class 11+13 24 Sol :-
ticular class is called less than cumu- Median = = =12 Class . I Frequency
f2 - Frequency of the class succeeding 2 2
lative frequency us to that class the modal class 4) “The Median of observations -2, 5, 1-3 6
G.C.F :- In a frequency distribution the Median :- Any given data first write 3, -1, 4, 6 is 3.5” is it correct? 3-5 7(fo)
sum of all frequency from the end of ascending order (or) descending Sol:- Given observations -2,5, 3, -1, 4, 6 (l) 5 = 7 9(f1)
the lower boundary of a particular order in a middle most value is A.O: -2, -1, 3.4 5, 6 7-9 2(f2)
class is called the greater than cumu- called Median. 9-11 1
3+4 7
lative frequency upto that class Eg: - 5, 4, 6, 10, 12, 9, 11 then final Median= = =3.5 Yes, correct  f1 − f 0 
Cumulative frequency curve :- Taking Median 2 2 Mode = l +  ×h
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
classes on X – axis and correspon-
ding cumulative frequencies on Y –
Sol:- A.O: 4,5,6 9 10,11,12 Median=9
10th Class Special l=5, f1=9, f0=7,f2=2, h=2
 n2 − cf 
axis the points are plotted and the
resulting curve is called “Cumula -
Median = l + 
 f
× h

MATHS Mode = 5 + 
 9−7 
 ×2
 18 − 7 − 2 
tive frequency curve” (or) an ogive Median for a grouped data: - 5) Find the mode of the scores 13, 15,
 2  2
Median can be obtained from cumula- Here l –lower boundary of median class, 17, 13, 15, 14, 19, 13,11, 15, 13, 17 = 5+   × 2 = 5 +   ×2
tive frequency curve: N – number of observation Sol :- Mode=13 ( repeated data) 18 − 9  9 
- From n/2 frequency draw a line par- Cf – cumulative frequency of class pre- 6) Find the mean of scores 6,7,8,12,9,2 4
= 5 + = 5 + 0.44 = 5.44
allel to X–axies cutting the curve at ceding the median 9
Sum of observation 6) The mean of 10 observations is 16.3
point from this point draw a perpen- Class sol : − x =
dicular to the axis the point at which Total no.of observation by an error, one observation is reg-
F – frequency of median class, h – site
the perpendicular meets the X–axis of the median class 6 + 7 + 8 + 12 + 9 + 2 44 istered as 32 instead of 23. Find the
x= = = 7.733 correct mean.
determines the median - Relation between mean, median, mode :- 6 6
2 Marks :- Sol :- Mean of 10 observations =
→ Arithmetic Mean:- x Total
sum of obernations Mode=3×Median-2×mean
no of obernations
1) The height of 12 members of a fam- ε xi
→ = 16.3 ⇒ ε xi = 16.3 ×10 = 163... 1
Types of Methods :- AM by direct - Range = Maximum value – Minim ily are given below in the table 10
um value Height (in ft) 5 5.2 5.4 5.6 Current value Wrong value Result
ε fx - Central Tendency: - Mean, Median, No.of family 3 4 3 2
method, x= 23 32 ε xi − 9
ε fi Mode is called central tendency. members
correct sum of the items ε xi 9
→ A.M by deviation method, x=a+
ε fidi 1 Marks :- Height of the family members:
ε fi 1) Explain the procedure to find Medi = 163 − 9 = 154
sol:-
Here a → assumed mean, di → deviat an of ungrouped data 154
Height No.of family members(f) f × χ correct mean of the data = = 15.4
-ion = xi-a Sol:- For finding the Median of ungro 10
uped data we first arrange the 5 3 15.0 to be continued
→ AM by step - deviation method: - x = 5.2 4 20.8
observations in ascending order. Ç+&çj·THé ø√dtº>±s¡T¶˝À ñ<√´>±\T
 ε fiui  Let ‘n’ be the total number of 5.4 3 16.2
 ε fi  × h, uÛ≤s¡‘· Á|üuÛÑT‘·« s¡ø£åD eT+Á‹‘·« XÊK≈£î #Ó+~q Ç+&çj·THé
  observations. Then If n is add. The 5.6 2 11.2 ø√dtº>±s¡T¶ 10+2 m+Á{°-02/2019 u≤´#Y <ë«sê Hê$ø˘
th
Here a-assumed mean, h-height of the ∈ f1 = 12 ∈ f x = 63.2
Median is the  n + 1  observation
(»qs¡˝Ÿ &É÷´{°) b˛düTº\ uÛÑØÔøÏ <äs¡U≤düTÔ\T
class   ø√s¡T‘√+~.
 2  ∈ fixi 63.2
Mean x = ,x = = 5.25 ns¡Ω‘·: ø£˙dü+ 50% e÷s¡Tÿ\‘√ ñ<√´>∑
xi-a - If n is even, then the Median will be sfi 12
ui = e÷´<∏é‡, |òæõø˘‡ düu…®≈£îº\‘√ 10+2
h th th
ñrÔs¡í‘·. ìπs›•‘· XÊØs¡ø£, yÓ’<ä´ neø±XÊ\T
the Average of the  and  + 1
n n 2) Write the formula of mode for
Mode:- Mode is the size of variable 2 2  grouped data, and explain each Á|üe÷D≤\T+&Ü*.
observations
which occurs most frequently term in it. ej·TdüT: 18-22 @fi¯¢ eT<Ûä´ ñ+&Ü*.
Eg :- 3, 6, 5, 3, 9, 4, 3 then find mode 2) What are the Measures of Central 3) Write the formula of median for m+|æø£: sê‘· |üØø£å, |òæõø£˝Ÿ |òæ{ŸHÓdt f…dtº Ä<Ûës¡+>±
Mode = 3 Tendency? Which Measure can be grouped data, and explain each m+|æø£ ñ+≥T+~.
Mode of <äs¡U≤düTÔ $<Ûëq+: ÄHé˝…’Hé˝À.
 af1grouped
-f 0  data : - Mode = l + determined graphically? term?
<äs¡U≤düTÔ ÁbÕs¡+uÛÑ‘˚B: »qe] 21, 2019.
 ×h Sol :- Mean, Median, Mode are the 4)
2f -f
 1 0 2 -f measures central tendency Median Class 10 - 20 20 - 30 30 - 40 40 - 50 50 - 60 <äs¡U≤düTÔ≈£î ∫e]‘˚B: »qe] 31, 2019.
where can be determined graphically Frequency 5 8 10 5 2 yÓuŸôd’{Ÿ: www.joinindiancoastguard.gov.in
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k˛eTyês¡+ 21.1.2019 13

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Unit-III
The Musculo Skeletal System

2 Marks Questions
Q. What is triad system?
A: In a skeletal muscle each transverse tubule
What is corpus callosum?
(T-tubule) on either have serval cisternae
of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. T-tubule and base of the skull. A: 1. Malleus - modification of articular.
two terminal cisternae at it sides form the Q. Human skull is described as dicondylic 2. Incus - modification of quadrate.
triad system. skull. Give the reason. 3. Stapes - modification of hyomandibula.
Q. Name two cranial sutures and their loca- A: Human skull have two occipital condyles
tions. 4 Marks Questions Zoology
on both sides of foramen magnum. Hence,
A: 1. Coronal suture - present between frontal it is called dicondylic skull. 2.Arachnoid mater, 3. Pia mater.
Q. What is Cori Cycle? Explain the process.
and parietal bones. Q. Name the ear ossicles and their evolution- A: Muscle contraction requires energy. This Q. What is corpus callosum?
2. Lambdoid suture - Present between ary origin in human beings. energy is supplied by the oxidation of glu- A: The two cerebral hemispheres are internal-
frontal and occipital bones.
cose. During the rapid contraction of skele- ly connected by a transverse, wide and flat
Q. Name the keystone bone of cranium. tal muscle under low availability of oxygen, bundle of myelinated fibres beneath the
Where it is located? Writer
the glucose undergo anaerobic respiration cortex is called corpus callosum.
A: 1. Sphenoid bone is the key stone bone of P. Murali Krishna and produce lactic acid. Q. What is all - or - none principle?
cranium. This lactic acid is carried to the liver by the
Subject Expert A: In a nerve the action potential occurs in
2. It is located at the middle part of the blood where it is converted into pyruvate and response to a threshold stimulus or supra
then to glucose. This process is called gluco- threshold stimulus. But it dose not occur at
Q. Write the difference between action and myosin. neogenesis. If needed this glucose reaches to sub threshold stimus. This is called all - or
the skeletal muscle for further release of ener- - none principle.
A: Action Myosin gy. If muscle stopped contraction the glucose Q. How does rods and cones of human eye
1. The thin filament in the myofibril is called 1. The thick filament in the myofibril is called in the liver is converted into reserve glycogen differ from each other chemically and func-
action. myosin. through glycogenesis. This two way traffic of tionally?
2. Action is made up of action, troponin and 2. Myosin is made up of only myosin protein. glucose between skeletal muscle and liver is A: Rods: 1) Rads contain a purplish red pro-
tropomyosin proteins. called Cori Cycle. tein called rhodopsin. 2) They are impor-
tant in vision under low light conditions.
B. Neural Control and Co-ordination
Q. Distinguish between red muscle fibres and white muscle fibres. Cones: 1) Cones contain a visual pigment
called iodopsin. 2) They are important in
2 Marks Questions daylight and colour vision.
A: Red muscle fibres White muscle fibres
Q. Name the cranial menings covering the
1. Myoglobin is high 1. Myoglobin is less
brain of man. çËμûÂh, ÏÙåôÂÚÛª ú£ÙñÙCÅÙ#ì ÷ªJEo
2. Plenty of mitochondria 2. Few mitochondria
A: Brain is covered by three membranes ÷³Üuîμªiì ví£øŒoõªnáî¦ñªõ ÚÁú£Ù
www.eenadupratibha.net àŸ«è[÷àŸªa.
3. Red in colour 3. White in colour called menings. They are 1. Dura mater
12
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ç Vý
S r$ M AƇ¬™ól x , 2
2 1
x
120 Ð]l$…¨ Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë¯]l$ ç³°ÌZMìS
2
¡çÜ$Mö¯é²yýl$. 64 ÆøkË ™èlÆ>Ó™èl 3 Ð]l…™èl$
{ç³™ólÅMýS… òÜ….Ò$.V> E…¨. AƇ¬™ól B M>W™èl…
OÐðlÔ>ËÅ… (^èl.òÜ….Ò$.ËÌZ) G…™èl?
(Æý‡*.ËÌZ) G…™èl?
1) 2600 2) 2700
Ë çÜVýSr$ G…™èl? 1) 140 2) 240 3) 2700.50 4) 2685
1) 1−M2 2) 1−2M ç³° ç³NÆý‡¢Æ‡¬…§ýl° ™ðlË$çÜ$MýS$¯é²yýl$. °Æó‡ªÕ™èl 3) 560 4) 360 10. JMýS Ð]lÅMìS¢ OòÜMìSÌŒæOò³ {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæ…_, JMýS {ç³§ól-
3) 2M2−1 4) 2M2+1 çÜÐ]l$Ķæ*°MìS ç³° ç³NÇ¢ ^ólĶæ$yé°MìS 8. 200 Ò$. 180 Ò$. ´÷yýlÐ]l#¯]l² Æð‡…yýl$ OÆð‡â¶æ$Ï Ô>°² 6 VýS…rÌZÏ ^ólÆý‡™éyýl$. B Ð]lÅMìS¢ A™èlyìl
2. Æð‡…yýl$ çÜ…QÅË MýS.Ýë.VýS$. 495, Ðésìæ G…™èlÐ]l$…¨ ç³°Ðéǰ ™èlWY…^éÍ? G…™èl? Æð‡…yýl$ çÜÐ]l*…™èlÆý‡ ç³sêtËOò³ {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæ- ÐólV>°² I§ø Ð]l…™èl$ ™èlWY…^èl$MýS$…sôæ, A§ól
VýS.Ýë.¿ê. 5. B Æð‡…yýl$ çÜ…QÅË Ððl¬™èl¢… 1) 24 2) 56 1) 30 2) 33 çÜ$¢¯é²Æ‡¬. AÑ JMóS ¨Ô¶æÌZ Ððlâ¶æ$¢¯]l²ç³#µyýl$ çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$…ÌZ A™èlyýl$ 5 MìS.Ò$. ™èlMýS$PÐ]l {ç³Ä¶æ-
100 AƇ¬™ól Ðésìæ Ð]l$«§lý Å ¿ôæ§ýl… G…™èl? 3) 64 4) 80 3) 36 4) 44 ÐésìæÌZ GMýS$PÐ]l ÐólVýS…™ø ÐðlâôæÏ OÆð‡Ë$ ™èlMýS$PÐ]l ×ìæÝë¢yýl$.AƇ¬™ól A™èlyìl ÐólVýS…? (MìS.Ò$/VýS….)
1) 10 2) 46 5. Ô¶æ…MýS$Ð]l# BM>Æý‡…ÌZ E¯]l² JMýS VýS$yéÆý‡ç³# G™èl$¢ 6. P, QË Ð]l$«§lý Å §ýl*Æý‡… 27 MìS.Ò$. A, BA¯ól ÐólVýS…™ø ÐðlâôæÏ OƇð Ë$¯]l$ 38 òÜMýS¯]lÌÏ Z §ér$- 1
1) 5 2) 64
3) 70 4) 90 14 Ayýl$VýS$Ë$, §é° ¿¶æ* ÐéÅÝëÆý‡®… 6 Ayýl$- C§ýlªÆý‡$ Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë$ P ¯]l$…_ QMìS VýS…rMýS$ ™èl$…¨. AÐól ÐólV>Ë™ø G§ýl$Æð‡§ýl$Æý‡$ ¨Ô¶æÌZÏ
3. C§ýlªÆý‡$ Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë$ JMýS ç³°° Æý‡*. 1200ËMýS$ VýS$Ë$. B VýS$yéÆý‡…ÌZ 12 Ð]l$…¨ Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë$ Ð]lÆý‡$çÜV> 4, 5 MìS.Ò$.Ë ^öç³#µ¯]l ¯]lyìl^éÆý‡$. Ððlâôæ¢, AÑ JMýS§é°MöMýSsìæ ç³NÇ¢V> 5 òÜMýS¯]lÏÌZ
^ólĶæ$yé°MìS Jç³#µMýS$¯é²Æý‡$. ÐéÇÌZ JMýSPyól °{§ýl´ù™èl$…sôæ JMöPMýSPÇMìS A…§ól çÜVýSr$ Q§ýlVýSYÇMìS ^ólǯ]l B Ððl…r¯ól †ÇW §ér$™éƇ¬. AƇ¬™ól GMýS$PÐ]l ÐólVýS…™ø 5
3) 4½ 4) 3
ÑyìlV> §é°° 6 ÆøkÌZÏ ^ólõÜ¢, Ð]l$ÆöMýSÆý‡$ V>Í çœ$¯]lç³ÇÐ]l*׿… (çœ$¯]l Ayýl$VýS$ÌZÏ) ºÄ¶æ$Ë$§ólÇ A° RÐ]l§ýlª MýSÍÔ>yýl$. P ¯]l$…_ ¯]lyìl^ól OÆð‡Ë$ ÐólVýS… G…™èl ? (Ò$/òÜMýS¯]lÏÌZ) 6

=
1 1 1 1 7
− +  = − =
1 çœ$¯]lç³ÇÐ]l*׿… (ii) ³
ç r… ¯]l$…_ ©.^èl. ^èl$r$t MöË™èl x = 43 Ò$/òÜ. f:1
çÜÐ]l*«§é¯éË$ 3  6 8  3 24 24
=
528
= 44 çœ$¯]lç³# Ayýl$VýS$Ë$
= 38 òÜ….Ò$. 9. JMöPMýSP Ððl¬™èl¢… = x
Ð]l¬VýS$YÆý‡$ Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë 糯]l$Ë °çÙµ†¢ 12 f:4 b Ððl¬§ýlsìæ ¿êVýS…Oò³ Ð]lyîlz Æó‡r$ = 4%
27km = 2(l ) + 2   = 38
1. x,
1
Ë Üç VýSr$ =
1 1 1
: : = 4 : 3 :1 6.  2 M>Ë… = 7 çÜ…Ð]l™èlÞÆ>Ë$
x 6 8 24 P 27-x R x Q 2l + b = 38 ––––(2) Æð‡…yø Ððl¬™èl¢…Oò³ Ð]lyîlz Æó‡r$
1 Æý‡*.1200 Ð]l¬VýS$YÆý‡$ ç³…^èl$MýS$¯ól °çÙµ†¢ PQË Ð]l$«§lý Å §ýl*Æý‡… = 27 MìS.Ò$. (1), (2) Ë ¯]l$…_ 1 9
x+ =4 %= %
x =M = 4 : 3 :1 RQË Ð]l$«§lý Å §ýl*Æý‡… = x 2l + 4b = 68 2 2
2 Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ð]lÅMìS¢ ´÷…§ól ¿êVýS… PRË Ð]l$«§lý Å §ýl*Æý‡… = 27−x MìS.Ò$. 2l + b = 38 Ð]lyîlzË Ð]l$«§lý Å ™ólyé = 94.50 Oò³.
1 4 4 A {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæ…_¯]l §ýl*Æý‡… 3b =30 x × 4½ × 7 x × 4 × 7
x+ = 2M CÆý‡$OÐðlç³#Ìê Ð]lÆý‡Y… ^ólõÜ¢ = × 1200 = ×1200 − = 94.50
x 4 + 3 +1 8 = 27 − x MìS.Ò$. b = 10 òÜ….Ò$. 100 100
= Æý‡*. 600 B {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæ…_¯]l §ýl*Æý‡… = 27 + x l = 34 - 2 (10) = 14 òÜ….Ò$. 9 7 x× 4×7
2 x× × − = 94.50
 1 2 Æð‡…yø Ð]lÅMìS¢ ´÷…§ól ¿êVýS… MìS.Ò$. ©.^èl. OÐðlÔ>ËÅ… = l × b 2 100 100
 x +  = (2M)
 x = 14 ×10 = 140 ^èl.òÜ….Ò$. f:1 63 x 28 x
1
=
3
× 1200 = × 1200
3
M>Ë… = §lý*Æý‡… −
200 100
= 94.50
x 2 + 2 + 2 = 4M 2 4 + 3 +1 8 Ðó Vý …
x = Æý‡*. 450 A, BË ÐólV>Ë$ 4 MìS.Ò$., 5 MìS.Ò$. 8. GMýS$PÐ]l ÐólVýS…™ø ¯]lyìl^ól OÆð‡Ë$ ÐólVýS… 63 x 56 x
− = 94.50
1
x 2 + 2 = 4M 2 − 2 MýS${Æ>yýl$ ´÷…§ól ¿êVýS… A {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæ…_¯]l M>Ë… = B = x Ò$/òÜ. 200 200
x 1 {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæ…_¯]l M>Ë… ™èlMýS$PÐ]l ÐólVýS…™ø ¯]lyìl^ól OÆð‡Ë$ ÐólVýS… 7x = 94.50 × 200)
= × 1200 = Æý‡*. 150
1
x 2 + 2 = 2(2M 2 − 1) 4 + 3 +1 27 − x 27 + x
=
= y Ò$/òÜ. x = Æý‡*.2700 f:2
x C§ýlªÆý‡$ Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë Ð]l$«§lý Å ™ólyé= 600 &- 450 4 5 JMóS ¨Ô¶æÌZ Æð‡…yýl$ OÆð‡â¶æ$Ï {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæõÜ¢ Ðésìæ 10. A™èlyìl ÐólVýS… = x MìS.Ò$./VýS….
1 = Æý‡*. 150 f:1 5(27 − x) = 4(27 + x) ÐólVýS… = x − y {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæ…_¯]l M>Ë… = 6 VýS…rË$
x2 + 2
x = 2M 2 − 1 2 135 − 5x = 108 + 4x GMýS$PÐ]l ÐólVýS…™ø ÐðlâôæÏ OÆð‡Ë$ ™èlMýS$PÐ]l ÐólVýS…™ø ™èlWY…_¯]l ™èlÆ>Ó™èl ÐólVýS…
4. M1 = 120 W1 =
2 3 135 − 108 = 9x ÐðlâôæÏ OÆð‡Ë$¯]l$ §ésôæ çÜÐ]l$Ķæ$… = 38 òÜMýS¯]l$Ï x− =
x 4x
1
∴ x2 , 2 Ë Ü D1 = 64 9x = 27 x = 3 MìS.Ò$. Æð‡…yýl$ OÆð‡â¶æ$Ï {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæ…_¯]l Ððl¬™èl¢… §ýl*Æý‡… 5 5
ç VýSr$ = 2M2 −1
x f:3 ç³° ç³NÇ¢ ^ólĶæ$yé°MìS ™èlWY…^éÍÞ¯]l ∴PR §ýl*Æý‡… = 27−3 = 24 MìS.Ò$. = 200 + 180 = 380 Ò$. §ýl*Æý‡… = M>Ë… × ÐólVýS…
2. Æð‡…yýl$ çÜ…QÅË Ððl¬™èl¢… =100 ³ç °ÐéÇ Üç …QÅ = x f:4 ÐlóVSý… = §lý*Ƈý… ⇒ x − y = 380 Ððl¬§ýlr {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæ…_¯]l §ýl*Æý‡…
Ððl¬§ýlsìæ çÜ…QÅ = x M2 = (120 − x) 7. ©Æý‡ƒ ^èl™èl$Æý‡{çÜ M>W™èl… ´÷yýlÐ]l# l, ÐðlyýlË$µ b M>Ë… 38 = 6 × x = 6x
Æð‡…yø Üç …QÅ = 100−x D2 = (124 − 64) = 60 V> ¡çÜ$Mö° Æð‡…yýl$ ¿êV>Ë$V> Ñ¿¶æhõÜ¢ x − y = 10–––– (i) ™èlWY¯]l ™èlÆ>Ó™èl {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæ…_¯]l §ýl*Æý‡…
MýS.Ýë.VýS$. × VýS.Ýë.¿ê. = Æð‡…yýl$ çÜ…QÅË W2 =
1 Æð‡…yýl$ OÆð‡â¶æ$Ï Ð]lņÆó‡Q ¨Ô¶æÌZ {ç³Ä¶æ*×ìæõÜ¢ =
4x
×6=
24 x
˺®… 3
l l
Ðésìæ ÐólVýS… = x + y 5 5
495 ×5 = x(100 −x) M1D1 M 2 D2 (i) 2 ³ç sìæ¯t ]l M>Ë… = 5 òÜMýS¯]l$Ï §ýl*Æý‡…ÌZ ™ólyé = 5 MìS.Ò$.
= 2
100x − x2 = 2475 W1 W2 §lý*Ƈý… 380 24 x
Ðló VS
ý … = ⇒ x + y = 6x − =5
2
x − 100x + 2475 = 0
120 × 64 (120 − x) × 60
M>Ë… 5 5
b b
x2 − 45x − 55x + 2475 = 0 2
=
1 x + y = 76 –––(ii) 6x
=5
x(x − 45) − 55(x − 45) = 0 3 3 i, iiË ¯]l$…_ 5
(x − 45)(x − 55) = 0 =
120 × 64
= (120 − x) × 60
l l x − y = 10 x=
25
=4
1
x = 55 Ìôæ§é 45 2 2 x + y = 76 6 6
MìS.Ò$/VýS….
2
Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Üç …QÅ = 55 64 = 120 − x 2x = 86 f: 2
Æð‡…yø Üç …QÅ = 100 − x x = 120 − 64 = 56 f:2 (ii) l
= 100 − 55 = 45 5. Ô¶æ…MýS$Ð]l# BM>Æý‡ç³# VýS$yéÆý‡… G™èl$¢ (h) b b
2 2
Ðésìæ ¿ôæ§ýl… = 55 − 45 = 10 = 14 Ayýl$VýS$Ë$
f:1 ÐéÅÝëÆý‡®… (r) = 6 Ayýl$VýS$Ë$ b b
2 2
Vidya Weekly Test- 4 SAKSHI EDUCATION

ç ° =1 Ô¶æ…MýS$Ð]l# çœ$¯]lç³ÇÐ]l*׿… = 1 × πr 2 h
3. Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ð]lÅMìS¢ JMýS ÆøkÌZ ^ólõÜ ³
6 3
l
Current Affairs- 2018 Grand Test
Æð‡…yø Ð]lÅMìS¢ JMýS ÆøkÌZ ^ólõÜ ³ç ° = 1
1 22
= × × (6) 2 × 14
(i) ç³r… ¯]l$…_ ©Æý‡ƒ^èl™èl$Æý‡{çÜ ^èl$r$tMöË™èl � Students can write exam at any time& at any place.
8 3 7 = 34 òÜ….Ò$.
Ððl¬§ýlsìæ Ð]lÅMìS¢ + Æð‡…yø Ð]lÅMìS¢ + MýS${Æ>yýl$ 1 22 ©.^èl. ^èl$r$t MöË™èl � Statewide Ranks will be announced
= × × 6 × 6 × 14
MýSÍíÜ 3 ÆøkË$ ç³°^ólõÜ¢ 3 7 = 2 ´÷yýlÐ]l# + 2 ÐðlyýlË$µ � Exciting Prizes for Top Rankers
= 528 çœ$¯]l Ayýl$VýS$Ë$ l
Ð]l¬VýS$YÆý‡$ MýSÍíÜ JMýS ÆøkÌZ ^ólõÜ ç³° = 1 = 2   + 2b = 34 � Only first time attempted score will be considered for Ranking
3 VýS$yéÆý‡…ÌZ° Ð]lÅMýS$¢Ë$ = 12 Ð]l$…¨ 2
MýS${Æ>yýl$ JMýS ÆøkÌZ ^ólõÜ ç³° JMöPMýSP Ð]lÅMìS¢ ´÷…§ól çÜVýSr$ V>Í l + 2b = 34 –––– (1) For registration visit www.sakshieducation.com
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ÝùÐ]l$ÐéÆý‡… l
f¯]lÐ]lÇ l 21 l 2019 11
°gê… Æ>k™ø ™ðlË…V>׿ {ç³fË$ H Ñ««§ýl…V> Ķ欧ýl®… ^ólÔ>Æý‡$? í³ËÏË…™é G…™ø Vöç³µO¯ðl¯]l ÒÆý‡$Ë$, ç³Æøç³M>Æý‡$Ë$ MýS*yé. çÜÐ]l*ÝëË$
MðS. }°ÐéçÜ ^éÇ
� Ð]l$™èlÐ]l$¯ól í³Ô>^èl… ™èl¯]l {MýS*Æý‡OÐðl$¯]l MøÆý‡Ë™ø ™ðlË…V>׿ 1. M>MýS¡Ä¶æ¬Ë MýS…^èl$VýS…r = M>MýS¡Ä¶æ¬Ë Äñæ¬MýSP
™ðlË$VýS$ ç³…yìlsŒæ, ¯ól˯]l$ B{MýSÑ$…_ ™ðlË…V>׿ {ç³fË Vö…™èl$ MøçÜ$¢¯]l²- MýS…^èl$VýS…r (çÙïÙx ™èl™èl$µÆý‡$çÙ çÜÐ]l*çÜ…)
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ÒÆý‡ ™ðlË…V>׿ � ™ðlË…V>׿ÌZ° M>MýS¡Ä¶æ$ Æ>kË õ³Æý‡$ ѯ]lV>¯ól Ô¶æ{™èl$- 4. Ð]l$àÆý‡Ð]lÐ]l¬ = Ð]l$àĶæ$Ƈ¬¯]l Æý‡Ð]lÐ]l¬
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ÌZMìS ¨W…§ýl…sôæ ÑfĶæ$…™ø ™ðlË$VýS$ gñæ…yéË$ BM>- 5. ÑM>Æý‡ §ýl…{çÙtË$= ÑM>Æý‡OÐðl$¯]l §ýl…{çÙtË$
™ðlË…V>׿ ÒÆý‡$Ë ç³#ÇsìæVýSyýlz. G…™øÐ]l$…¨ ÒÆý‡$Ë$ Ô¶æ…ÌZ Æð‡ç³Æð‡ç³ÌêyólÑ. M>ç³Ä¶æ$Å ¯éĶæ$MýS$yýl$ MýS§ýl¯]l- (ÑÔóæçÙ׿ ç³NÆý‡Óç³§ýl…)

™ðlË…V>׿ ÑÐ]l¬MìS¢ MøçÜ… ™èl$¨Ô>ÓçÜ Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ ´ùÆ>yéÆý‡$. Æý‡…VýS…ÌZMìS ¨V>yýl…sôæ¯ól Ô¶æ{™èl$Æ>kË VýS$…yðlË$ ™ðlË$VýS$ 6. M>…† ÐéÆý‡$¦Ë$ = M>…† A¯ðlyìl ÐéÆý‡$¦Ë$
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«¨M>PÆý‡ çÜÓÆý‡… Ñ°í³…^éÆý‡$. AÌê BĶ欫§ýl…™ø M>Ë… ¯]l$…_ ¯ólsìæ Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ MýS*yé Ô¶æ{™èl$Ð]l#Ë §ö…VýS 4. ™ðlË…V>׿ ÝëÓ™èl…{™èlÅ ´ùÆ>r Äñæ*«§ýl$° B™èlÃMýS£ýl¯]l$ 8. Ð]l$™èl í³Ô>_= Ð]l$™èl… A¯ðlyìl í³Ô>_( Æý‡*ç³MýS çÜÐ]l*çÜ…)
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^éÆý‡$ÅË$ JMýSÆý‡$. BĶæ$¯]l ™ðlË…V>׿ ´ùÆ>r…ÌZ Mö¯]lÝëVýS$™èl*¯ól E…¨ ÝëÐ]l$Æý‡¦Å… &3 : ¿êÚë…Ô>Ë$ (ç³§ýlgêË…) 10. ¯]lË$ ¨MýS$PË$= ¯éË$VýS$ çÜ…QÅ VýSË ¨MýS$PË$
{ç³™èlÅ„ýS…V> ¿êVýSÝëÓÐ]l¬ËÐ]l#™èl*¯ól ™ðlË…V>׿ O«§ðlÆý‡Å (10 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$) (¨ÓVýS$ çÜÐ]l*çÜ…)
ÝëçßæÝë˯]l$ ™èl¯]l ç³§éÅÌZÏ {ç³Ô¶æ…íÜ…^éÆý‡$. .ÝëÐ]l$Æý‡¦Å…&1: AÐ]lV>çßæ¯]l&{糆çܵ…§ýl¯]l AÆ>¦Ë$ AË…M>Æ>Ë$
� ™ðlË…V>׿ ¯ólË Ò$§ýl fÇW¯]l °gê… ÑÐ]l¬MìS¢ E§ýlÅÐ]l$…ÌZ MìS…¨ ç³§éÅ˯]l$ ç³NÇ…_, ¿êÐ]l… Æ>Ķæ$…yìl. (5 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$) 1. §ýl…{íÙtMýS = MøÆý‡ E§é:
™ðlË…V>׿ {ç³fË$ çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl…ÌZ AËÌêÏV> EÐðlÓ™èl$¢¯]l 1) ± Äñæ¬yìlÌZ¯]l -&&&&&& hWÐðl$…yýl$ Ð]l*™èlÆø 2. ¡…{yìl…^èl$ = {ç³M>Õ…^èl$ 1. ±sìæÌZ ç³yìl¯]l ™ólË$ ™ólË$™èl$…§é
E´÷µ…W GWÔ>Æý‡$. B çßZÆý‡$¯]l$, ™ðlË…V>׿ {ç³fË 2) ™ðlËV>× Ð]l¬Ã¯]l&&&&&&çÜĶæ*ÅrÌêyðl¯Œæ ¨Ñ¯Œæ 3. gZ§ýl$ÌŒæ = ÒÆý‡$Ë$ 4. EfjÓË = {ç³M>Õ…^ól 2. AÆý‡sìæ ™öMýSP ™öMýSPÆ>§ýl$
†Æý‡$VýS$»êr$ gZÆý‡$¯]l$, B ÒÆý‡$Ë Ð]l$çßZ¯]l²™èl ™éÅV>Ë 3) ™ðlËV>׿ ¿¶æÐ]l«©Ä¶æ$&&&&&& ™ðlË$YgZ§ýl$ÌŒæ ¿¶æâê 5. A{¿¶æÐ]l¬ = Ðól$çœ$Ð]l¬ 6. MýS–´ë׿Ð]l¬ = MýS†¢ 3. °ç³#µÌZ ò³yìl™ól M>Ë$ M>Ë$™èl$…¨
¡Æý‡$¯]l$ çÜÃÇ…^èlyýl…, ™ðlË…V>׿ ™èlÍÏ L¯]l²™éŰ² 7. ¨Ñ = BM>Ô¶æ… 8. Ô¶æ${MýS$yýl$ = C…{§ýl$yýl$ 4. ÒÆý‡$ ÒÆý‡$ÌŒæ ç³Æ>Æý‡$¦ÌŒæ
MîSÇ¢…^èlyýl…, ÝëÓÀÐ]l*¯é°² {õ³Æó‡í³…^èlyýlÐól$ M>MýS$…yé MìS…¨ ç³§éÅËMýS$ {糆糧éÆý‡¦… Æ>Ķæ$…yìl 9. fË«¨ = çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl… 10. Ñ$…r¯Œæ = BM>Ô¶æ…ÌZ Oò³ E§éçßæÆý‡×æË$ ç³ÇÖÍõÜ¢ ™ólË$&™ólË$, ™öMýSP&™öMýSP,
Ѱ E™ól¢h™èl$˯]l$ ^ólĶæ$yýlÐól$ D ´ëuý‡Å¿êVýS E§ólªÔ¶æ… M>Ë$&M>Ë$, ÒÆý‡$&ÒÆý‡$ A¯ól ç³§éË$ Ððl…r Ððl…r¯ól
(5 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$) ¯é¯éÆ>¦Ë$ {ç³Äñæ*W…^éÆý‡$. M>± Ðésìæ AÆý‡¦…ÌZ ™ólyé E…¨. CÌê
MýSÑ ç³Ç^èlĶæ$ ÑÐ]lÆ>Ë$ � ± Äñæ¬yìlÌZ¯]l ò³…_†Ñ °…yýl$VýS Møsìæ ™ðlË$…VýS$ MýS${Æý‡Ë¯Œæ 1. MýSâêÅ׿… = Ô¶æ$¿¶æ…, Ð]l$…VýSâ¶æ…, ò³…yìlÏ çßæË$ÏË f…r AÆý‡¦¿ôæ§ýl…™ø Ððl…r Ððl…r¯ól {ç³Äñæ*WõÜ¢
� MýSÑ õ³Æý‡$: yé.§éÔ¶æÆý‡¤ MýS–çÙ~Ð]l*^éÆý‡$ÅË$ {´ëĶæ$Ð]l¬ Ð]l_a¯]l…™èl¯ðl MýS–´ë׿Ð]l¬Í_a†, Ķ欧ýlªÐ]l*yìl Ðé 2. Æ>k = {糿¶æ$Ð]l#, C…{§ýl$yýl$, ^èl…{§ýl$yýl$, Ķæ$„ýS$yýl$ A¨ bólM>¯]l${´ëçÜ AË…M>Æý‡….
� iÑ™èl M>Ë…: 20Ð]l Ô¶æ™éºª… {gôæÄ¶æ$ ¿¶æ$gêºËÐ]l¬Ã §ýlÇíÜ…ç³ fVýSÐ]l¬Ã, ¯]lÐéº$™ø çÜÐéÌŒæ
� Æý‡^èl¯]lË$: BW²«§éÆý‡, Æý‡${§ýlÒ׿, Ð]l$à…{«§ø§ýl- ^ólĶæ$Ð]l$r…sìæ, Ò ™ðlË$VýS$ Æó‡VýSyìlÌZ hW Ððl$…yýl$ Ð]l*™èlÆø ç³Æ>ÅĶæ$ ç³§éË$ Aç³Ç_™èl VýS§ýlÅ…
Ķæ$…, MýSÑ™é ç³#çÙµMýS…, †Ñ$Æý‡…™ø 1. fË«¨ = ÐéǦ, çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl…, ÝëVýSÆý‡…, A…º$«¨ (5 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$)
çÜÐ]l$Æý‡…, AÐ]l$–™éÀõÙMýS… Ððl¬§ýlOÌñæ¯]lÑ. � ™ðlËV>׿Ð]l¬Ã¯]l VýSyìlz´ù^èlĶ欯]l$ çÜ…«¨…^ðl¯]l$ MýS–´ë׿Ð]l¬Ã! Æ> 2. ™èlÍÏ = AÐ]l$Ã, Ð]l*™èl, f¯]l° çÜ*^èl¯]l: VýS™èl…ÌZ CMýSPyýl JMýS Aç³Ç_™èl õ³Æ>{V>‹œ C_a
� Æý‡^èl¯é OÔðæÍ: çÜ$°²™èlOÐðl$¯]l ¿êÐ]l#MýS™èl™ø¯]l*, fËÌêÐ]l¬… yýl$¯]l$Ðé° ï³^èlÐ]l$yýl^ðl¯Œæ ÝëW…^ðl Ķ欧ýl®Ð]l¬Ã! Á 3. ¿ê¯]l$yýl$ = çÜ*Æý‡$Åyýl$, B¨™èl$Åyýl$, ¿êçÜPÆý‡$yýl$ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ C^ólaÐéÆý‡$. M>± Ð]l*ǯ]l ç³È„ýSË çÜ…çÜPÆý‡×æÌZÏ
A¿¶æ$ŧýlĶæ$ ç³£ýl…™ø¯]l*, {´ë`¯]l †Ë ´ùÄñæ$¯]l$ fVýSÐðl$ËÏ Äôæ$Ñ$ Ķæ$VýS$¯ø ™ðlËÅ…VýSÆ>MýS¯Œæ! ¨Ô>… 4. Ķ欧ýl®… = Æý‡×æ…, çÜÐ]l$Æý‡…, ´ùÆý‡$ ¿êVýS…V> CMýSPyýl HO§ðl¯é JMýS çÜ–f¯é™èlÃMýS™èl A…Ô¶æ…
ç³§ýlÅOÔðæÍ™ø¯]l* BMýSr$tMýS$¯é²yýl$. ^èlËÐ]l¬ÌŒæ Ô¶æ{MýS«§ýl¯]l$@ç³Æý‡…ç³Æý‡Ë™ø çÜĶæ*ÅrÌêyðl¯Œæ ¨Ñ¯Œæ 5. MýS–´ë׿… = MýS†¢, Qyýl…Y , AíÜ CçÜ$¢¯é²Æý‡$.
� ç³#Æý‡ÝëPÆ>Ë$: MóS…{§ýl Ýëíßæ™èlÅ AM>yýlÒ$ ç³#Æý‡ÝëPÆý‡…, 6. ¨Ñ = BM>Ô¶æ…, °…W, VýSVýS¯]l…, Ñ$…r E§é: ÌôæQ/ MýSÆý‡ç³{™èl…/ MýSÑ™èl/ B™èlÃMýS£ýl/ AÀ¯]l…§ýl¯é
B…{«§ýl{ç³§ólÔŒæ Ýëíßæ™èlÅ AM>yýlÒ$ AÐéÆý‡$z � ™ðlËV>×ê! ¿¶æÐ]l©Ä¶æ$ ç³#{™èlMýS$ËÌZ ¡…{yìl…^èl$ ÐðlÏç³ÏÐ]lÅ çÜ… 7. ³ç £ýl… = Ð]l*Æý‡…Y , §éÇ, »êr ç³{™èl…/ {ç³Ô>²Ð]lã Ððl¬§ýlOÌñæ¯]lÑ.
C™èlÆý‡Ð]l¬Ë$: ^èl˯]lÐ]lÊÃÆý‡MýS ´ùÐ]lÌôæ§ýl$! Ð]lçÜ$«§é ^èl{MýSÐ]l¬Ã ÝëÇ…_ E {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë Æý‡MýS…:
{ç³MýS–† & ÑMýS–™èl$Ë$

1) ¯ésìæ ´ùÆ>sêÌZÏ ´ëËMýS$ËMýS$ Ð]lņÆó‡MýS…V> {ç³f˯]l$ fjÓË OÐðl¿ê†MýS ¿ê¯]l$°¯Œæ í³Í_ §ólÔ¶æ…º…™èlr¯Œæ M>…† Ðé 1. õ³Æ> B«§éÆý‡…V> {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ ™èlĶæ*Æý‡$^ólĶæ$yýl…
O^ðl™èl¯]lÅÐ]l…™èl… ^ólíܯ]l MýSÑ. Æý‡$¦Ë$ °…yìl…_Ç, ÒÆý‡$ ÒÆý‡$Ë$ ç³Æ>Æý‡$¦ÌŒæ ™ðlË$YgZ§ýl$ÌŒæ ¿¶æâê! 1. Äñæ*«§ýl$Ë$ & gZ§ýl$Ë$ 2. {ç³Ô¶æ²ËMýS$ fÐéº$Ë$ Æ>Ķæ$yýl…
2) °gê…MýS$ Ð]lņÆó‡MýS…V> ç³§éÅ˯]l$ OgñæË$ VøyýlË Ò$§ýl 2. çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl… & çÜ…{§ýl… 3. õ³Æ> B«§éÆý‡…V> ç³sìætMýS¯]l$ ç³NÇ…^èlyýl…
Æ>íܯ]l «©Ô>Í. ÝëÐ]l$Æý‡¦Å…&2: Ð]lÅMîS¢MýSÆý‡×æ&çÜ–f¯é™èlÃMýS™èl 3. M>Æý‡Å… & MýSÆý‡j… 4. ¨Ô¶æ & §ðlÜç 4. Rêä˯]l$ ç³NÇ…^èlyýl…
3) B…{«§ýl{ç³§ólÔŒæ Æ>{Úët°MìS _Ð]lÇ BÝ릯]l MýSÑ. Ë眬 çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ (3 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$) 5. Üç …«§lý Å & Üç …f 5. ™èl´÷µç³#µË¯]l$ VýS$Ç¢…^èlyýl…
4) {ç³íܧýl® EÆý‡*ª MýSÐ]l#Ë MýSÑ™éÓ°² A¯]l$Ð]l¨…_ ÑÐ]l$Æý‡Ø- 1. ™ðlË…V>׿ {ç³fË$ Æý‡${§é§ýl$Ë$ Ððl$^ólarr$Ï Ä¶æ¬§ýl®… ^ólíÜ 6. {´ëĶæ$Ð]l¬ & ç³Æý‡$Ð]lÐ]l¬ 7. AÐ]l$à & A…º E§é: f¯]lç³§ýl… A…sôæ ç³ÌñæÏr*Æý‡$. f¯]lç³§éËÌZ E…yól Ðéǰ
MýS$Ë {ç³Ô¶æ…çÜË$ ´÷…§éyýl$. ÑfĶæ$… Ý뫨…^éÆý‡$ A¯]lyýl…ÌZ MýSÑ E§ólªÔ¶æ… HÑ$sìæ? gê¯]lç³§ýl$Ë$ A…sêÆý‡$. ÐéÆý‡$ ´ëyýl$MýS$¯ól ´ër˯]l$
5) ™ðlË$VýS$ÌZ VýSfÌŒæ {ç³{MìSĶæ$MýS$ {´ë׿… ´ùÔ>yýl$. 2. º™èl$MýS$ ™øÐ]l ^èl*õ³ M>Ë… A…sôæ HÑ$sìæ? Ð]l#Å™èlµ™èl¢ÅÆ>¦Ë$ gê¯]lç³§ýl VóSĶæ*Ë$ A…sêÆý‡$. Òsìæ¯ól B…VýSÏ…ÌZ ¸ùMŠæ
3. ™ðlË…V>׿ ÝëÓ™èl…{™èlÅ ´ùÆ>r… GÌê Mö¯]lÝëW…¨? 1. fË«¨= fË…™ø «§ýlÇ…^ól¨& çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl… Ýë…VŠæÞ A…sêÆý‡$. E™èl¢Æý‡ ¿êÆý‡™èl§ólÔ¶æ…ÌZ gê¯]lç³§ýl
´ëuý‡Å¿êVýS ÑÐ]lÆ>Ë$, Ð]l¬RêÅ…Ô>Ë$ 4. "Ò ™ðlË$VýS$ Æó‡VýSyìlÌZ hW Ððl$…yýl$ Ð]l*™èlÆø' A¯]l² MýSÑ 2. MýS–´ë׿…= §ýlĶæ$¯]l$ ´ùVör$t¯]l¨& MýS†¢ VóSĶæ*˯]l$ ÌZMŠæ Ýëíßæ™èlÅ Ìôæ§é ÌZMŠæX™Œæ A…sêÆý‡$.
Ð]l*rÌZÏ A…™èlÆ>Æý‡¦… HÑ$sìæ? 3. Ð]lçÜ$«§ýl= º…V>Æ>°² VýSÆý‡ÂÐ]l¬¯]l…§ýl$ MýS˨& ¿¶æ*Ñ$ gê¯]lç³§ýl VóSĶæ*°MìS JMýS {ç³™ólÅMýS MýSÑ A…r* GÐ]lÆý‡*
™ðlË…V>׿ Vöç³µ™èl¯]lç³# ÑÔóæÚëË$ Mö°² ™èlÆ>Ë Ð]lÆý‡MýS$ 5. ™ðlË…V>׿ ÒÆý‡$Ë ç³Æ>{MýSÐ]l*°² ÑÐ]lÇ…^èl…yìl. E…yýlÆý‡$. C¨ JMýS çÜÐ]l$íÙt çÜ…ç³§ýl. AƇ¬™ól ™ðlË$VýS$
ÝëÐ]l$Æý‡¦Å…&4 : ¿êÚë…Ô>Ë$ (ÐéÅMýSÆý‡×ê…Ô>Ë$)

§ýl$Æ>ÃÆý‡$YË ^ól†ÌZ _MýS$PMýS$¯é²Æ‡¬. Cç³#µyýl$ A°² 6. "¯éyýl$, ¯ólyýl$¯]l* ™ðlË…V>׿ Ððl*yýlÌôæ§ýl$' A¯]l² MýSÑ ¿êçÙÌZ G…™ø gê¯]lç³§ýl VóSĶæ$ çÜ…ç³§ýl E¯]l²ç³µsìæMîS
Ayýlz…MýS$Ë$ ™öÍV>Ƈ¬. E§ýlÅÐ]l$ MðSÆý‡r MìSÆý‡×êË™ø `MýSr$Ï Ð]l*r˯]l$ çÜÐ]l$ǦçÜ*¢ Æ>Ķæ$…yìl. 10 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$ ¿¶æ{§ýlç³Ç^ólÐéÆý‡$ ÌôæMýS G…™ø MýS¯]l$Ð]l$Æý‡$OVðS…¨. CsîæÐ]lË
™öËW´ùƇ¬ ÐðlË$VýS$Æó‡QË$ Ñ^èl$aMýS$¯é²Æ‡¬. ™ðlË…V>׿ 7. "ÒÆý‡ ™ðlË…V>׿' ´ëuý‡… B«§éÆý‡…V> §éÔ¶æÆý‡¤ Æý‡^èl¯é çÜ…«§ýl$Ë$ M>Ë…ÌZ gê¯]lç³§ýl Ýëíßæ™èlÅ… Ð]l$Æý‡Ìê ç³#…kMøÐ]lyýl…
™èlÍÏ ™èl¯]l Møsìæ Ð]l$…¨ ™ðlË$VýS$ í³ËÏ˯]l$ ™èl¯]l JyìlÌZ OÔðæÍ° ÑÐ]lÇ…^èl…yìl. 1. fVýSÐðl$ËÏ = fVýSÐ]l¬+GËÏ (EM>Æý‡ çÜ…«¨) CsîæÐ]lË íܱ Ýëíßæ™èlÅ… §éÓÆ> Ð]l$¯]l… VýSÐ]l$°…^èlÐ]l^èl$a.
ò³…_…¨. ÐéÇMìS Ð]lĶæ$çÜ$ÞÆ>V>¯ól ÐéÇ ^ól™èl$ËMýS$ MýS™èl$¢Ë 8. "™ðlË…V>׿ÌZ E{¨MýS¢™èl MýSÍW…_¯]l ¯]lÐéº$Ë BfqËMýS$ 2. çÜĶæ*ÅrÌêyðl¯Œæ = çÜĶæ*ÅrË$+Byðl¯Œæ (EM>Æý‡ çÜ…«¨)
°_a Ð]l{f çÜÐ]l*¯]lOÐðl$¯]l ¿¶æ$fç³Æ>{MýSÐ]l*Ë™ø ÌZMýS… M>Ë… ^ðlÍÏ´ùƇ¬…¨' A¯]lyýl…ÌZ MýSÑ E§ólªÔ¶æ… HÑ$sìæ? 3. §éǰ_aÇ = §éǰ+ C_aÇ (CM>Æý‡ çÜ…«¨) Oò³ õ³Æ> ^èl¨Ñ I§ýl$ {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ ™èlĶæ*Æý‡$^ólĶæ$…yìl
^èl*õÜrr$Ï, ÌZMýS… Ððl$^ólarr$ÏV> °gê… Æ>k™ø 9. ´ëu>Å…Ô¶æ…ÌZ õ³ÆöP¯]l² ™ðlË…V>׿ Æ>kË {ç³™ólÅMýS™èl 4. «§ýlÆ>™èlËÐðl$ËÏ = «§ýlÆ>™èlËÐ]l¬ + GËÏ (EM>Æý‡ çÜ…«¨) (5 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$)
™èlËç³yýlÐ]l$¯]l²¨. HÑ$sìæ? 5. ¨Ô>…^èlËÐ]l¬ = ¨Ô¶æ+A…^èlËÐ]l¬
� ™ðlË…V>׿ ¯ólËÌZ° VýSyìlz´ù^èl MýS*yé MýS†¢ç³sìæt °gê… (çÜÐ]lÆý‡~ ©Æý‡ƒ çÜ…«¨)
Æ>k¯]l$ Ð]lņÆó‡MìS…_…¨. G§ýl$Ç…_…¨. ™é¯ól Vöç³µ- ÐéÅçÜÆý‡*ç³ çÜÐ]l*«§é¯]l {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ 6. {Ô>Ð]l×ê{¿¶æÐ]l¬=
Æ>k¯]l¯ól B °gê…Æ>k VýSÆý‡Ó… A×ìæ^ólrr$tV> Ķ欧ýl®… (6 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$) {Ô>Ð]l׿+A{¿¶æÐ]l¬
Mö¯]lÝëW…¨. HÑ$ fÆý‡$VýS$™èl$…§ø ™ðlÍĶæ$MýS ÌZM>˰² 1. ÒÆý‡ ™ðlË…V>׿ ´ëu>Å…Ô¶æ… §éÓÆ> Ò$Æý‡$ {VýSíßæ…_¯]l (çÜÐ]lÆý‡~ ©Æý‡ƒ çÜ…«¨)
¿¶æÄ¶æ$ç³yìl´ùĶæ*Ƈ¬. ™ðlË…V>׿ÌZ ÝëÓ™èl…{™è Å ´ùÆ>- ÑçÙĶæ*Ë$ HÑ$sìæ? 7. Ðól$¯]l™èl¢ = Ðól$¯]l+A™èl¢
r… çÜÐ]l¬{§ýl… Ð]l*¨ÇV> E´÷µ…W…¨. ¯éË$VýS$ 2. °gê… Æ>k™ø ™ðlË…V>׿ {ç³fË$ H Ñ««§ýl…V> Ķ欧ýl®… (AM>Æý‡ çÜ…«¨)
OÐðlç³#Ìê E¯]l² çÜÐ]l¬{§éËMýS$ VýS…yìlMösìæt ™ðlË…V>׿ ¯ól˯]l$ ^ólÔ>Æý‡$? 8. ç³Æ>Æý‡$¦Ë$ = ³ç Æý‡ + AÆý‡$¦Ë$
B ÝëÓ™èl…{™èlÅç³# ±sìæ™ø ™èlyýl$ç³#™èl$¯é²Æ> A¯]l²r$tV> çÜ–f¯é™èlÃMýS {ç³Ô¶æ²Ë$ (çÜÐ]lÆý‡~ ©Æý‡ƒ çÜ…«¨)
Ķ欧ýl®… Mö¯]lÝëW…¨. E{¨MýS¢™èl MýSÍW…_¯]l ¯]lÐéº$Ë (6 Ð]l*Æý‡$PË$) 9. ò³§ýlÐ]l#ÌŸ†¢¯]l = ò³§ýlÐ]l#Ë$+ J†¢¯]l
BfqËMýS$ M>Ë… ^ðlÍÏ´ùƇ¬…¨. 1. ™ðlË…V>׿ ÒÆý‡$Ë Vöç³µ™èl¯é°² ÑÐ]lÇçÜ*¢ MýSÑ™èl (EM>Æý‡ çÜ…«¨)
� ™ðlË…V>׿ ÒÆý‡$Ë Ñç³ÏÐé™èlÃMýSOÐðl$¯]l ´ùÆ>r… ¿¶æ* Ð]l$…yýl- Æ>Ķæ$…yìl. 10. ¯éËPË$
Ìê¯]l²…™èl MýS¨Í…_…¨. EfjÓËOÐðl$¯]l, M>…†Ð]l…™èlOÐðl$¯]l 2. ™ðlË…V>׿ ÒÆý‡$Ë ™éÅV>˯]l$ çÜÃÇçÜ*¢ Ñ${™èl$°MìS ÌôæQ Ýë^èl$^èl$= ¯éËPË$+^é^èl$^èl$
O^ðl™èl¯]lÅ…™ø §ólÔ¶æÐ]l$…™é ÐðlË$VýS$Ë$ °…´ëÆý‡$. ™ðlË…V>׿ Æ>Ķæ$…yìl. (VýSçÜyýl§ýlÐé §ólÔ¶æ çÜ…«¨)

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