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Problems Lesson 1 (Kinematics)

This document contains 11 physics lessons on kinematics. Lesson 1 covers determining velocity and acceleration vectors from a position vector equation. Later lessons involve calculating velocity, acceleration, time, distance, angles and trajectories for particles moving in various scenarios, including circular, vertical, and inclined motion. The lessons involve setting up and solving equations related to motion concepts like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and their relationships through kinematics equations.

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Gabrielgarcy12
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98 views

Problems Lesson 1 (Kinematics)

This document contains 11 physics lessons on kinematics. Lesson 1 covers determining velocity and acceleration vectors from a position vector equation. Later lessons involve calculating velocity, acceleration, time, distance, angles and trajectories for particles moving in various scenarios, including circular, vertical, and inclined motion. The lessons involve setting up and solving equations related to motion concepts like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and their relationships through kinematics equations.

Uploaded by

Gabrielgarcy12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHYSICS I

LESSON 1: KINEMATICS

1. The position vector of a particle is given by:


⃗⃗
𝑟⃗(𝑡) = (𝑡 2 + 𝑡)𝑖⃗ + (3𝑡 − 2)𝑗⃗ + (2𝑡 3 − 4𝑡 2 )𝑘
Where r is given in m and t in s. Determine the vectors a) velocity and b) acceleration when t=2s.
⃗⃗ m/s, b) 𝑎⃗(𝑡) = 2𝑖⃗ + 16 𝑘
Solution: a) 𝑣⃗(𝑡) = 5𝑖⃗ + 3𝑗⃗ + 8 𝑘 ⃗⃗ m/s2

1
⃗⃗ , calculate:
2. If one particle moves so that its position vector is , 𝑟⃗(𝑡) = 𝑡 𝑖⃗ + (2 𝑡 2 ) 𝑗⃗ + 𝑡 𝑘
a) Acceleration vector
b) Equation of trajectory
c) Magnitude of tangential acceleration
d) Magnitude of centripetal acceleration
e) Radius of curvature
f) Tangential and centripetal acceleration vectors

𝑥2 𝑡 2 (𝑡 2 +2)3 𝑡
Solution: a) 𝑎⃗(𝑡) = 𝑗⃗ m/s2, b) 𝑦 = ; 𝑧 = 𝑥, c) √𝑡 2 , d) √𝑡 2 +2 , e) √ , f) 𝑎⃗𝑡𝑔 (𝑡) = 𝑡 2 +2 (𝑖⃗ +
2 +2 2
1
𝑡 𝑗⃗ + ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ )
𝑘), 𝑎⃗𝑁 (𝑡) = 𝑡 2 +2 (−𝑡 𝑖⃗ + 2 𝑗⃗ − 𝑡 𝑘

⃗⃗ , its velocity at the initial time


3. If the acceleration of a particle is given by: 𝑎⃗(𝑡) = 3 𝑖⃗ + 12𝑡 𝑗⃗ + 4 𝑘
⃗⃗ , and at t=1 its positon vector is 𝑟⃗(1) = 3 𝑖⃗ − 2𝑗⃗ + 𝑘
is 𝑣⃗(0) = −2 𝑖⃗ − 5 𝑗⃗ − 𝑘 ⃗⃗ , find:
a) Velocity vector at any time
b) Position vector at any time
3 7
⃗⃗ m/s b) 𝑟⃗(𝑡) = ( 𝑡 2 − 2𝑡 + ) 𝑖⃗ +
Solution: a) 𝑣⃗(𝑡) = (3𝑡 − 2)𝑖⃗ + (6𝑡 2 − 5)𝑗⃗ + (4𝑡 − 1) 𝑘 2 2
⃗⃗ m
(2𝑡 3 − 5𝑡 + 1)𝑗⃗ + (2𝑡 2 − 𝑡) 𝑘

4. One particle starts from the origin and moves along the trajectory 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 in such a way that at
any time vx=3 m/s. When the particle is at x= 60 cm, determine:
a) |𝑣⃗|
b) |𝑎⃗|
Solution: a) 4.69 m/s, b) 18 m/s2

5. One particle moves along the y axis keeping constant the product of its position and velocity.
Determine y(t).
Solution: 𝑦(𝑡) = √𝑦𝑜2 + 2𝐴𝑡
6. One particle moving along the x axis has an acceleration that depends on velocity according to
𝑎 = 2𝑣. If at the initial time, v=1 m/s and x=1 m, determine:
a) x(t), v(t) y a(t)
1
Solution: a) 𝑥(𝑡) = 2 (𝑒 2𝑡 + 1), 𝑣(𝑡) = 𝑒 2𝑡 , 𝑎(𝑡) = 2𝑒 2𝑡

7. One vehicle starts from rest in a circular path of radius R=400 m. It begins to move with a motion
with constant acceleration until at t=50s it reaches one v=72 km/h. After that it moves with
constant velocity. Calculate:
a) Angular acceleration in both motions
b) Normal acceleration in both motions
c) Total acceleration in both motions
d) Angular velocity at t=50 s
e) Distance covered in the first 80 s
Solution: a) 1er α=1×10-3 rad/s2 y 2º α = 0, b) 1er a𝑁 = 4 × 10−4 𝑡 2 m/s2 y 2º a𝑁 = 1 m/s2, c) 1er
a = √(1.6 × 10−7 𝑡 4 + 0.16) m/s2 y 2º a = 1 m/s2, d) 0.05 rad/s, e) 1600 m

8. One particle goes down in vertical direction and falls at point A in an incline that makes 20o to
the horizontal. If it is bounced off at an angle of 40o to the vertical and hits the plane at the point
B shown in the figure, calculate:
a) Velocity with which it goes from point A
b) Time it takes to go from A to B
Solution: a) v= 4.64 m/s, b) t=0.95 s
9. One river flows up North with a velocity of 3 km/h. The river has a width of 1 km. One boat wants
to cross the river from a bank to just the opposite point in the other bank. If the boat moves with
respect to the Earth with a velocity of 5 km/h, calculate:
a) Velocity and direction of the boat with respect to the river
b) Time it takes to cross the river
Solution: a) v= 5.83 km/h; direction 59o from South to SE, b) t=12 min

10. One car drives on a straight section of a road in a rainy day. One passenger observes that when
the car is travelling at 80 km/h, the trajectory of the drops of water forms an angle of 30 o to the
vertical and when the velocity is 100 km/h the angle is 45o. Calculate:
a) Velocity of the drops measured by a pedestrian standing on the platform
b) Angle of the trajectory of the drops measured by the pedestrian
Solution: a) v= 70.81 km/h, b) =48.1o

11. One particle moving in a circular motion around a cylinder of radius R= 2 m with an angular
velocity = 45 r.p.m begins to move up in a vertical direction on the cylinder wall with an
acceleration a= 0.5 m/s2. If at t=0 starts from the A point (see figure), determine:
a) Velocity vector in function of time
b) Position vector in function of time

⃗⃗ , 𝑟⃗(𝑡) = 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(4.71 𝑡)𝑖⃗ +


Solution: a) 𝑣⃗(𝑡) = −9.42 𝑠𝑒𝑛(4.71 𝑡)𝑖⃗ + 9.42 𝑐𝑜𝑠(4.71 𝑡)𝑗⃗ + 0.5 𝑡 𝑘
2 ⃗⃗
2 𝑠𝑒𝑛(4.71 𝑡)𝑗⃗ + 0.25 𝑡 𝑘

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