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The Musculoskeletal System Is Composed of Two Systems

The musculoskeletal system is composed of two main systems - the muscular system and the skeletal system. The hard tissues include bones and cartilage, while the soft tissues are muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints. Together these tissues provide movement, support, protection, stability, and storage functions for the body. The skeletal system involves how bones join together at joints to permit movement, while the muscular system describes how muscle contractions produce movements based on their locations.

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Komang Ayudhya
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55 views

The Musculoskeletal System Is Composed of Two Systems

The musculoskeletal system is composed of two main systems - the muscular system and the skeletal system. The hard tissues include bones and cartilage, while the soft tissues are muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints. Together these tissues provide movement, support, protection, stability, and storage functions for the body. The skeletal system involves how bones join together at joints to permit movement, while the muscular system describes how muscle contractions produce movements based on their locations.

Uploaded by

Komang Ayudhya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The musculoskeletal system is composed of two systems – the muscular system and

the skeletal system – but is commonly referred to as 'musculoskeletal' because of the


main common functions of the said two systems, which are, movement and support.

The musculoskeletal system is made up of hard and soft tissues. The hard tissue
includes bones and cartilages (articular cartilages), while the soft tissues are
the muscles, tendons, synovial membranes, joints capsule and ligaments.

Primarily, the roles of the musculoskeletal system are movement and support, but the
system also performs the following functions:

 Protection of vital structures

 Provision of body forms

 Stability

 Storage of salts (e.g., calcium)

 Formation and supply of new blood cells

Essentially the skeletal part of the system pertains to the arrangement of bones, and
how they join to one another to form joints which permit and limit specific movements.
This part also outlines the factors that influence stability of some of those joints. For
example, a joint with good bony congruence (joint with bones fitting well together) is
most likely to be more stable than one with poor bony congruence. On the other hand,
the muscular portion of the musculoskeletal system primarily describes the movements
produced at joints, which as a basic principle, is based on the location of a muscle in
relation to the joint and attachment to bones forming the joint. For example, a muscle
lying anterior to two or more bones, and also crossing the joint formed by those bones
anteriorly will produce the movement – “flexion” at that joint when it is contracted.

Muscles

Muscles are the largest soft tissues of the musculoskeletal system. The muscle cells -
muscle fibres - produce contractions that move body parts, including internal organs.
Associated connective tissue binds muscle fibres into fascicles or bundles, and these
associated connective tissues also convey nerve fibres and blood vessels (capillaries)
to the muscle cells.

Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system provides form, support, stability, and movement to the body. It
is made up of the bones of the skeleton, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, and
other connective tissue that supports and binds tissues and organs together.

Click to enlarge

Leg, knee joint and muscles National Institutes of Health

About the Muscular and Skeletal Systems


The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called musclefibers. Their predominant function is
contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for
movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction. Exceptions to this are the
action of cilia, the flagellum on sperm cells, and amoeboid movement of some white blood cells.
The integrated action of joints, bones, and skeletal muscles produces obvious movements such as
walking and running. Skeletal muscles also produce more subtle movements that result in various facial
expressions, eye movements, and respiration.
In addition to movement, muscle contraction also fulfills some other important functions in the body, such
as posture, joint stability, and heat production. Posture, such as sitting and standing, is maintained as a
result of muscle contraction.
The skeletal muscles are continually making fine adjustments that hold the body in stationary positions.
The tendons of many muscles extend over joints and in this way contribute to joint stability. This is
particularly evident in the knee and shoulder joints, where muscle tendons are a major factor in stabilizing
the joint.
Heat production, to maintain body temperature, is an important by-product of muscle metabolism. Nearly
85 percent of the heat produced in the body is the result of muscle contraction.
Introduction to the Skeletal System

Humans are vertebrates, animals having a vertabral column or backbone. They rely on a sturdy internal
frame that is centered on a prominent spine. The human skeletal system consists
of bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons and accounts for about 20 percent of the body weight.

The living bones in our bodies use oxygen and give off waste products in metabolism. They contain
active tissues that consume nutrients, require a blood supply and change shape or remodel in response
to variations in mechanical stress.

Bones provide a rigid framework, known as the skeleton, that support and protect the soft organs of the
body.

The skeleton supports the body against the pull of gravity. The large bones of the lower limbs support the
trunk when standing.

The skeleton also protects the soft body parts. The fused bones of the cranium surround the brain to
make it less vulnerable to injury. Vertebrae surround and protect the spinal cord and bones of the rib
cage help protect the heart and lungs of the thorax.

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