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DEPARTMENT OF CSE

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING
SEM / YEAR : VI/III

UNIT I - SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS

Basic elements of DSP – concepts of frequency in Analog and Digital Signals – sampling theorem –
Discrete – time signals, systems – Analysis of discrete time LTI systems – Z transform – Convolution –
Correlation.
PART - A

Q.No Questions BT Competence

Level
1. Describe in detail about signal processing. BTL1 Remembering
2. Consider the analog signal x (t) =3cos2000πt +5sin6000πt BTL2 Understanding
+10cos12000π predict the nyquist rate for this signal.
3. Compare convolution and correlation. BTL5 Evaluating
4. Examine which of the following sequences is periodic, and BTL3 Applying
compute their fundamental period. (a) Aej7πn (b) sin(3n)
5. Analyse the signal x (n) =u (n)-u (n-3). BTL4 Analysing
6. A discrete time signal x (n) = {0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 0}. Predict the BTL2 Understanding
x (n) and x (- n + 2) signals.
7. Define sampling theorem. BTL1 Remembering
8. Check and explain whether the system y (n) = 𝑒 𝑥(𝑛) is linear or BTL4 Analysing
not?
9. Describe in detail about aliasing. How it can be avoided? BTL2 Understanding
10. What is the necessary and sufficient conditions need to develop BTL6 Creating
on the impulse response for causality and stability?
11. Define energy signals and power signals. BTL1 Remembering
12. Distinguish time invariant and time variant system. BTL2 Understanding
13. Examine the z-transform of {1, 0, 2, 0, 3}. BTL3 Applying
14. Compare linear convolution and circular convolution. BTL5 Evaluating
15. Define region of convergence. BTL1 Remembering
16. Select the properties of region of convergence. BTL3 Understanding
17. Analyse the z transform of discrete unit step function. BTL4 Analysing
18. List the various properties of z-transform. BTL1 Remembering
19. Develop the autocorrelation of the signal x(n)=(0.5)n u(n). BTL6 Creating
20. Define correlation. What are its types? BTL1 Remembering
PART – B
1. (i) Summarize the process of analog to digital conversion of
signal in terms of sampling, quantization and coding. (6) BTL2 Understanding
(ii) Describe different types of digital signal representation. (7)

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2. Explain in detail about the classification of discrete-time signals BTL4 Analysing
and systems. (13)
3. (i) Identify whether the following signals are Power or Energy
signal.
1 n
(a) x(n) =( ) u(n) (4)
2
(b) x(n) =u(n) (3)
BTL1 Remembering
(ii) List the even and odd components of

(a)x(n)=ejn (3)
(b)x(n)={2,1,0,3,4} (3)

4. (i) Examine whether the following signals are Power or Energy

signal.
nπ
(a)x(n)=sin( )u(n) (4)
6

𝑛𝜋 𝜋
(b)x(n)=𝑒 𝑗( 3 + 6 ) (3)
BTL3 Applying
(ii) Show whether the following signals is periodic or Aperiodic
signal
π 3π
(a)x(n) = cos ( n) + cos ( ) n (3)
3 4
3 1
j (n+ )
(b)x(n)=e 5 2 (3)
5. Identify whether the following systems are static or dynamic,
linear or nonlinear, time invariant, causal or non-causal ,stable or
unstable
(i) y(n)=cos[(x(n)] (3)
BTL1 Remembering
(ii) y(n)=x(-n+2) (3)

(iii) y(n)= x(2n) (3)

(iv) y(n)=x(n)cosωo(n) (4)

6. Predict the following systems are static or dynamic, linear or non-

linear, time invariant, causal or non- causal, stable or unstable.

(i)𝑦(𝑛) = |𝑥(𝑛)| (4)

BTL2 Understanding
(ii) y(n) = sgn[x(n)] (3)
1
(iii) y(n) = x ( ) (3)
2𝑛
(iv) y(n) = x(n) + n x(n+1) (3)
7. (i) Suppose LTI system with input x (n) and output y (n) is
characterize by unit sample response

ℎ(𝑛) = (0.8)𝑛 𝑢(𝑛). Point out the response y (n) of such a system
to the input signal 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑢(𝑛). (7)
BTL4 Analysing
(ii) Infer the impulse response of the system described by the
difference equation

y(n) -3y(n-1) -4y(n-2)=x(n)+2x(n-1) using z transform. (6)

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8. A causal system is represents by the following difference equation
1 1
𝑦(𝑛) + 𝑦(𝑛 − 1) = 𝑥(𝑛) + 𝑥(𝑛 − 1)Identify the following
4 2
system h(z) and find the unit Sample response of the system in BTL1 Remembering
analytical form. (13)

9. (i) Calculate the Z transform of x(n) = (1/2)n u(n). (6)

(ii) Examine z-transform and ROC BTL3 Applying

𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑎𝑛 𝑢(𝑛) + 𝑏 𝑛 𝑢(−𝑛 − 1). (7)

10. (i) Solve the Z-transform of the following sequence:

x(n)= cos(ωn) u(n). (7)

(ii) Predict z-transform and find 𝑥(𝑛) for the following: BTL2 Understanding
1
𝑋(𝑧) = 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑂𝐶: |𝑧| < 0.5,
1 − 1.5𝑧 + 0.5𝑧 −2
−1
0.5 < |𝑧| < 1,ROC: |𝑧| > 1 (6)

11. (i) List the convolution property & Complex conjugation

properties of z-transform. (6)
BTL1 Remembering
(ii) Examine the causal signal x(n) whose z transform is given by
1+z−1
𝑋(Z) = (7)
1−z−1 +0.5z−2

12. Analyze the inverse Z-Transform of

Select the following methods BTL4 Analysing

(i) Partial fraction expansion
(ii) Residue method and
(iii) Convolution method. (13)

13. (i) Evaluate the convolution of given signals x(n)= 3n u(- n) and
h(n)= (1/3)n u(n - 2). (8)

(ii) Deduce the linear convolution of the following sequence using BTL5 Evaluating
Multiplication and tabulation methods

X(n) = {0, 2, 2, 3 } and h(n) = sin(3πn/8), 0≤n≤4 (5)

14. (i) Develop the convolution of the signal x(n)={1,2,3,4,5,3-1,-2}
and h(n)={3,2,1,4} using tabulation method. (6)
(ii) Applying concentric circle method, compose circular BTL6 Creating
convolution of the sequences h(n) = {1, 2, 3, 4 } & x(n) = {1, 2,
3}. (7)

PART – C
1 A discrete time system is represented by the following difference
equation
𝑦(𝑛) = 3𝑦 2 (𝑛 − 1) − 𝑛𝑥(𝑛) + 4𝑥(𝑛 − 1) − 2𝑥(𝑛 + 1) 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑛 ≥ BTL5 Evaluating
0. Determine whether the system is memoryless, causal, linear and
time variant. Justify your answers. (15)

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2 Predict the following properties linearity, causality, time
invariance and dynamicity for the given equations.
𝑑 2 𝑦(𝑡) 𝑑𝑦(𝑡)
(i) + 3𝑡 + 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝑥(𝑡) (5) BTL6 Creating
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
2
(ii) 𝑦(𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛 )+x(n) (5)
(iii) 𝑦(𝑛) = log 𝑥(𝑛) (5)
3 List the various properties of z-transform in detail. (15) BTL5 Evaluating
4 A trapezoidal pulse x(t) is defined by x(t) =
5 − 𝑡; 4 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 5
[ 1; −4 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 4
𝑡 + 5; −5 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ −4 BTL6 Creating
(i) Estimate total energy of x(t). (5)
(ii) Develop x(2t-3). (5)
(iii) If y(t) = dx(t)/dt. Formulate total energy of x(t). (5)

UNIT II - FREQUENCY TRANSFORMATIONS

Introduction to DFT – Properties of DFT – Circular Convolution - Filtering methods based on DFT – FFT
Algorithms - Decimation – in – time Algorithms, Decimation – in – frequency Algorithms – Use of FFT
in Linear Filtering – DCT – Use and Application of DCT.
PART - A

Q.No Questions BT Competence

Level
1 Define N-point DFT for x(n), and IDFT for X(k). BTL1 Remembering
2 Distinguish DFT and DTFT. BTL2 Understanding
3 Distinguish DFT and Z-transform. BTL2 Understanding
4 Define zero padding. What are its uses? BTL1 Remembering
5 Identify the DFT of the sequence x (n) = {1, 1, 0, 0}. BTL1 Remembering
6 Apply IDFT for the given sequence Y (K) = {1, 0, 1, 0} BTL3 Applying
7 Identify DFT of the signal x(n) = δ(n). BTL1 Remembering
8 Define twiddle factor or phase factor. BTL1 Remembering
9 Predict the value of WNK when N = 8 and K = 2 and also
BTL2 Understanding
k = 3.
10 Identify radix-2 FFT algorithm. BTL1 Remembering
11 How would you develop in-place computation of FFT? BTL6 Creating
12 Calculate the percentage saving in calculation in computing a 512
point DFT using radix-2 FFT when compared to direct DFT. BTL3 Applying
13 Analyse bit reversal operation. BTL4 Analysing
14 Show the radix-4 DIF-FFT butterfly diagram. BTL3 Applying
15 Explain the uses of FFT in linear filtering. BTL5 Evaluating
16 Predict the 4-point DFT of a sequence x (n) ={0,1,2,3}. BTL2 Understanding
17 Point out the need for using FFT algorithms for computing DFT. BTL4 Analysing
18 Compare DIT and DIF algorithm. BTL4 Analysing
19 Summarize the applications of FFT algorithm. BTL5 Evaluating
20 How would you develop overlap add and overlap save method? BTL6 Creating

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PART – B
1. Interpret the DFT for the sequence {2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1}. Using BTL2 Understanding
Radix-2 DIT-FFT Algorithm. (13)
2. Construct the response of LTI system when input sequence x(n)=
{-1,1,2,1} and impulse response h(n)= {-1,1,-1,1} by radix -2 BTL3 Applying
DIT FFT. (13)
3. The given signal is x(n)={1,2,3,4}=h(n). Analyse the Circular
convolution of x(n) and h(n).
BTL4 Analysing
(i) Using DFT Computation. (7)

(ii) Using IDFT Computation. (6)

4. Explain in detail about the following DFT property “multiplication
of two DFT and will result in circular convolution in time domain”
assume BTL4 Analysing
x1(n) = {1, 2, 3, 4} and x2(n) = {2, -1, 1, -1} (13)

5. (i) How would you solve the 8-point DFT of the sequence
x(n)={0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5,0,0,0,0} using the radix-2 decimation in time
algorithm? (6)

(ii) Produce the 8 point DFT of the sequence using BTL3 Applying
Radix 2DIT algorithm
X(n) = 1; 0≤n≤2
0; otherwise (7)

6. Identify the eight point DFT of the following sequence using BTL1 Remembering
radix 2 DIT FFT algorithm x(n)={1,-1,-1,-1,1,1,1,-1} (13)
7. (i) List the properties of DFT. (8)

(ii) Identify the 4 point DFT of the sequence

BTL1 Remembering
(a) x(n) = {0,1,2,3} (2)

(b) x(n) ={1,1,0,0}. (3)

8. Find the 8 point DFT of the sequence x(n)={1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0}. BTL1 Remembering

(13)
9. Explain the filtering methods

(i) based on DFT. (6) BTL4 Analysing

(ii) based on FFT. (7)

10. Predict the 8-point DFT of the equation x(n) = n+1 using radix-2 BTL2 Understanding
DIF- FFT algorithm. (13)
11. (i) Deduce 8- point DFT of the sequence

x(n)= {1,-1,1,-1, 0, 0, 0, 0} using radix 2 DIF algorithm. (6)

BTL5 Evaluating
(ii) Predict the 8-point DFT of the sequence
x(n)={1,0≤n≤7 & 0, Otherwise} using the radix-2
Decimation in frequency algorithm. (7)

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12. With appropriate diagrams describe in detail about the following
methods
(i) Overlap save method (7) BTL2 Understanding

(ii) Overlap add method (6)

13. (i) Compose the linear convolution of finite duration sequences
h(n)={1,2} &x(n)={1,2,-1,2,3,-2,-3,-1,1,1,2,-1} by overlap add
method. (8) BTL6 Creating

(ii) Find the DFT of x(n)={1,-3, 5, -6}. (5)

14. Identify the 8-point IDFT of the sequence
BTL1 Remembering
x(k) = {7, -0.707-j0.707, -j, 0.707-j0.707, 1, 0.707+j0.707, j, -
0.707+j0.707}. (13)
PART - C
1 (i) Estimate DFT for {1,2,-1,2,2,-1,2,1 } using FFT DIT butterfly
algorithm. (8) BTL5 Evaluating
(ii) Evaluate the 8-point DFT of the sequence
x(n) = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0}. (7)
2 Develop the output y(n) of a filter whose impulse response is
h(n)={1,1,1} and input signal BTL6 Creating
x(n) ={3,-1,0,1,3,2,0,1,2,1} (15)
3 (i) Estimate the DFT of the sequence
x(n) ={0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0} (8)
BTL5 Evaluating
(ii) Predict the 4 point DFT of the sequence

x(n) = {1,1,-2,-2} (7)

4 (i) Calculate the 4- point DFT of a sequence

(a) x(n) = {0, 1, 0, -1} (3)

(b) x(n)= 3n (4)

BTL6 Creating
(ii) Solve the IDFT of the sequence

(a) X(K) = {3,2+j,1,2-j} (4)

(b) X(K)={8,0,4,0} (4)

UNIT III - IIR FILTER DESIGN

Structures of IIR – Analog filter design – Discrete time IIR filter from analog filter – IIR filter design by
Impulse Invariance, Bilinear transformation, Approximation of derivatives – (LPF, HPF, BPF, BRF) filter
design using frequency translation.
PART –A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. List the various forms of realizations of IIR system. BTL1 Remembering
2. Show the direct form structure of IIR filter. BTL3 Applying
3. Distinguish analog and digital frequency in impulse invariant BTL2 Understanding
transformation.

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4. Define prewarping. Why it is needed? BTL1 Remembering
5. Summarize the advantages and disadvantages of bilinear BTL2 Understanding
transformation.
6. 1
How would you modify H(s) = into a digital filter using BTL6 Creating
𝑠 2 +1
approximation of derivatives with T=0.1 sec?
7. Why IIR filters does not have linear phase. Give the proper BTL2 Understanding
Justification?
8. Explain in detail about bilinear transformation with expressions. BTL4 Analysing
9. Summarize the properties of impulse invariant transformation. BTL5 Evaluating
10. List various differences between analog and digital filter. BTL1 Remembering
11. Compare bilinear and impulse invariant transformation. BTL5 Evaluating
12. Given the low pass transfer function H(s) = 1
. Calculate the high BTL3 Applying
𝑠+1
pass transfer function having a cut off frequency 10 rad/sec.
13. Define warping effort. BTL1 Remembering
14. Draw the response curve for butterworth and chebyshev filters and BTL2 Understanding
distinguish each other.
15. Point out the properties of chebyshev filter. BTL4 Analysing
16. List the properties of butterworth filter. BTL1 Remembering
17. Explain the limitations of impulse invariant method of designing BTL4 Analysing
digital filters.
18. Identify the digital transfer function H(z) by using impulse
1 BTL1 Remembering
invariant method for the analog transfer function H(s) = if
𝑠+2
T=0.5sec.
19. Illustrate the types of filters based on frequency response. BTL3 Applying
20. Write the transformation equation to modify low pass filter into BTL6 Creating
band stop filter.
PART – B
1. For the given difference equation y(n)=-0.1y(n-1)+0.2y(n-
2)+3x(n)+3.6x(n-1)+0.6x(n-2). Show the realization structure in
the following form.

(i) Direct form I (3)

BTL3 Applying
(ii) Direct form II (4)

(iii)Cascade form (3)

(iv)Parallel form (3)

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2. (i) Examine the analog filter with system function 𝐻(𝑠) =
𝑆+0.1
(𝑆+0.1)2 +9
into a digital filter IIR filter using Bilinear
Transformation. The digital filter should have resonant frequency
𝜋
of 𝑊𝑟 = . (6)
4 BTL4 Analysing
(ii) A digital filter with a 3dB bandwidth of 0.25π is to be designed
Ω𝑐
from the analog filter whose system response is 𝐻(𝑠) = .
𝑠+Ω𝑐
Inspect with bilinear transformation to obtain H(z). (7)

3. (i) Using impulse invariant method analyse the value of H(z) at T

= 1 sec given H(s) = 2/ s2 + 8s +15. (7)
BTL4 Analysing
(ii) Design an IIR filter select the impulse invariance technique for
1
the given 𝐻𝑎 (𝑠) = (𝑠2 assume T=1sec. (6)
+7𝑠+12)

4. (i) Design a chebyshev filter with a maximum pass band attenuation

of 2.5dB at Ωp=20rad/sec and the stop band attenuation of 30dB
at.Ωs=50rad/sec. (7)
BTL6 Creating
(ii) Discuss the bilinear transform method of IIR filter design. What
is warping effect? Explain the poles and zeros mapping procedure
clearly. (6)

5. Select a digital chebyshev filter to meet the constraints

1
≤ |𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 1 ; 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.2𝜋
√2 BTL5 Evaluating
|𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 0.1 ; 0.5𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋
By using bilinear transformation with T=1sec. (13)

6. The specification of the desired low pass filter is

0.8 ≤ |𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 1.0, 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.2𝜋
|𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 0.2, 0.32𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋 BTL1 Remembering
Examine Butterworth digital filter using impulse invariant
transformation. (13)

7. (i) Apply the bilinear transform Design a high pass filter, 3 dB

monotonic in pass band with cutoff frequency of 1000Hz and down
10 dB at 350Hz. The sampling frequency is 5000Hz. (8) BTL3 Applying

(ii) Identify the mapping achieved in Bilinear Transformation. (5)

8. The specification of the desired low pass filter is

0.9 ≤ |𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 1.0 ; 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.25𝜋|𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 0.24 ; 0.5 ≤ 𝜔
≤ 𝜋 BTL2 Understanding
Show a Chebyshev filter using impulse invariant transformation.
(13)

9. Express a Butterworth digital filter using bilinear transformations

that satisfy the following specifications.
𝜋 BTL2 Understanding
0.8 ≤ |𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 1.0; 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤
4
𝜋
|𝐻(𝜔)| ≤ 0.2; ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋 .Assume T=0.1 sec (13)
2

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10. Examine a Butterworth LPF satisfies the following specifications
using impulse invariant method.
BTL1 Remembering
0.7 ≤ |𝐻(𝑗Ω)| ≤ 1; 0 ≤ Ω ≤ 0.2𝜋

|𝐻(𝑗Ω)| ≤ 0.3; 0.6𝜋 ≤ Ω ≤ 𝜋 . (13)

11. Identify a butterworth filter satisfying the constraints with T= 1 sec

using bilinear transformation.
𝜋 BTL1 Remembering
0.707 ≤ |𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 ) ≤ 1 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤
2
𝑗𝜔 3𝜋
|𝐻(𝑒 ) ≤ 0.2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 ≤𝜔≤𝜋 (13)
4

12. Analyse a digital Butterworth filters using bilinear transformation

for the following specification.
0.9 ≤ 𝐻(𝜔) ≤ 1.0; 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.25𝜋 BTL4 Analysing
𝐻(𝜔) ≤ 0.08 ; 0.5𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋. ( 13)

13. Identify digital low pass filter using chebyshev filter design
procedure that meets the following specifications. Pass band
magnitude characteristic that is constant to within 1dB for
frequency below ω=0.2π and stop band attenuation of at least 15dB BTL1 Remembering
for frequencies between ω=0.3π and use bilinear transformation.
(13)

14. (i) Explain the procedure for designing analog filters using the
Chebyshev approximation. (5)
(ii) Convert the following analog transfer function in to digital using BTL2 Understanding
Impulse Invariant mapping with T=1sec
3
𝐻(𝑠) = (𝑆+3)(𝑆+5) (8)

PART - C
1
1 If 𝐻𝑎 (𝑆) = , predict the corresponding H(z) using
(𝑆+1)(𝑆+2)
impulse invariant method for sampling frequency of 5 BTL6 Creating
samples/second. (15)

2 (i) Evaluate the analog filter into a digital filter whose system
function is
𝑆+0.2
𝐻(𝑠) = (𝑆+0.2)2 use impulse invariance technique. Assume
+9
𝑇 = 1𝑠𝑒𝑐. (8)
BTL5 Evaluating
(ii) Conclude the cascade form and parallel form
implementation of the system governed by the transfer
1+𝑍 −1
function. 𝐻(𝑠) = (7)
1+2𝑍 −1

2
3 (i) If 𝐻𝑎 (𝑠) = , design the corresponding H(z)
(𝑆+1)(𝑠+2)
using impulse invariant method. Assume T=1 second.
(10) BTL6 Creating

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(ii) Develop the cascade and parallel realizations for the
1+ 14𝑍 −1
system function given by 𝐻(𝑧) =
(1+ 2𝑍 −1 )(1+ 12𝑍 −1 + 14𝑍 −2 )
1

(5)

4 (i) Conclude the bilinear transform method of IIR filter

design. What is warping effect? Explain the poles and zeros
mapping procedure clearly. (8)
BTL5 Evaluating
(ii) Evaluate a high pass filter with pass band cut off
frequency of 1000Hz and down 10dB at 350 Hz the sampling
frequency is 5000Hz using Bilinear Transformation. (7)

UNIT IV - FIR FILTER DESIGN

Structures of FIR – Linear phase FIR filter – Fourier Series - Filter design using windowing techniques
(Rectangular Window, Hamming Window, Hanning Window), Frequency sampling techniques

PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

What Condition on the FIR sequence h(n) are to be imposed

nth order that this filter can be called a linear phase filter? Write BTL1 Remembering
1. the necessary and sufficient condition for the FIR filter to have
linear phase.
2. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of FIR filters over BTL1 Remembering
IIR filters.
3. Outline the Direct form I structure of the FIR filter. BTL2 Understanding

4. Evaluate the transversal structure of the system function. BTL5 Evaluating

H(z) = 1+2z-1-3z-2-4z-3.
5. List the various forms of realizations of FIR system. BTL1 Remembering
6. Summarize the properties of FIR filters. BTL2 Understanding

7. Illustrate the necessary condition for a linear phase FIR filter. BTL3 Applying
8. Explain the reason that FIR filter is always stable. BTL5 Evaluating
9. What do you understand by linear phase response in filters? BTL2 Understanding
10. Distinguish between FIR and IIR filters. BTL4 Analysing
11. Show the frequency response of linear phase FIR filter when BTL3 Applying
impulse response is anti-symmetric and N is odd.
12. Compose the techniques of designing FIR filters. BTL6 Creating
13. Write the disadvantages of Fourier series method. BTL1 Remembering
14. Explain the desirable characteristics of the windows. BTL4 Analysing
15. Define Gibb’s phenomenon or Gibb’s oscillation. BTL1 Remembering
16. Design the equation of hamming and hanning window. BTL6 Creating
17. Choose the design steps involved in FIR filter design. BTL3 Applying

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18. Inspect which type of filters require frequency sampling? BTL4 Analysing
Examine the suitable method.
19. Summarize the principle of designing FIR filter using BTL2 Understanding
frequency sampling method.

20. State that the filter with h(n) =[-1,0,1] is a linear phase filter. BTL1 Remembering

PART - B
1. 4Using frequency sampling method, Evaluate a low pass filter
3
with the following specifications cut off frequency , wc=𝜋/4
BTL5 Evaluating
and N=15 and plot the magnitude response. (13)

2. (i)Analyse a HPF with cut off frequency 1.2 radians of length

N=9 using Hamming Window. (9) BTL4 Analysing
(ii) Simplify an expression for symmetric impulse response of
odd length. (4)
3.
Analyse the coefficients of a linear phase FIR filter of
length M = 15 which has a symmetric unit sample
response and a frequency response that satisfies the
conditions.
BTL4 Analysing
2𝜋𝑘 1 𝑘 = 0,1,2,3,4
𝐻𝑟 ( ) = { 0.4 𝑘=5}
15 0 𝑘 = 6,7
(13)

4. Design an FIR filter for the ideal frequency response using

Hamming Window with N=7.

𝜋 𝜋
𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟 − ≤ 𝜔 ≤ BTL6 Creating
𝐻𝑑(𝜔) = { 8 8
𝜋
0 ; ≤𝜔≤𝜋
8
(13)
5. 4(i)Identify a direct form and linear phase FIR filter structures
4for the following impulse response. (7)

BTL1 Remembering
(ii)The transfer function 𝐻(𝑧) = ∑𝑀−1
𝑁=0 ℎ(𝑛)𝑍
−𝑛

characteristics a FIR filter (M=11). Find the magnitude

response. (6)

6. 4Express that an FIR filter has linear phase if the unit sample
5response satisfies the condition h(n)=h(N-1-n). Also discuss
BTL2 Understanding
symmetric and anti-symmetric cases of FIR filter when N is
even. (13)

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7. 4Using a rectangular window technique, Estimate a low pass
6filter with pass band gain of unity, cut-off frequency of 1000
Hz and working at a sampling frequency of 5 KHz. The length BTL2 Understanding
of the impulse response should be 7. (13)

8. 4(i)Realize the system function by linear phase FIR structure

7 BTL4 Analysing
(7)
(ii)Analyse the designing of FIR filters using windows? (6)
9. 4Estimate a FIR band stop filter to reject frequencies in the
8range 1.2 to 1.8 rad/sec using hamming window, with length BTL2 Understanding
N=6. Also realize the linear phase structure of the band stop
FIR filter. (13)
10. 5
(i) Using Hamming window, design a filter with
0 𝜋
𝑒 −𝑗3𝜔 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟|𝜔| ≤
6
𝐻𝑑(𝜔) = { 𝜋
0 ; ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋
6
BTL3 Applying
Assume N=7.show the frequency response of the filter. (9)

(ii) Consider an FIR lattice filter with coefficients k1 = 1/2; k2

= 1/3; k3 = 1/4.Solve the FIR filter coefficients for the
direct form structure (4)
11. 5Identify the coefficients of a 15 tap linear phase FIR low
1pass filter using hamming window to meet the given
frequency response. BTL1 Remembering
𝜋
1; 𝑓𝑜𝑟|𝜔| ≤
6
𝐻𝑑(𝜔) = { 𝜋 (13)
0 ; ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋
6
12. 5(i) Develop with neat sketches the implementation of FIR
3filters in direct form and Lattice form. (6)
BTL3 Applying
(ii) Solve a ideal differentiator with frequency response H(ejω)
= jω, -π≤ω≤ π using hamming window with N =7. (7)
13. 5(i)A band reject filter of length 7 is required it is to have lower
4and upper cut off frequencies of 3KHZ and 5 KHZ respectively.
The sampling frequency is 20 KHZ. Find the filter coefficient BTL1 Remembering
using hanning window. (11)
(ii)List the frequency domain characteristics for Rectangular
and Hanning Window. (2)
14. 5(i) List the steps involved by the general process of designing
5 a digital filter. (8) BTL1 Remembering
(ii) List the advantages of FIR filters. (5)
PART - C

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1. Develop an ideal high pass filter using hanning window with a
frequency response

BTL6 Creating
.
Assume N = 11. (15)

2. Evaluate a FIR filter approximating the ideal frequency

response
𝜋
𝑒 −𝑗𝜔 ; 𝑓𝑜𝑟|𝜔| ≤ BTL5 Evaluating
𝐻𝑑(𝜔) = { 6
𝜋
0 ; ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋
6
(15)
3. Develop a FIR Band reject filter of length 5 with a lower cut-
off frequency of 2 KHz, upper cut-off frequency 2.4 KHz and
BTL5 Evaluating
the sampling rate of 8000Hz using Hamming window. (15)

4. Given H(z)=0.5 + 0.25Z-1 + 0.75Z-2+ Z-3 + 0.75 Z-4 + 0.25Z-

5
+ 0.5Z-6, Produce the linear phase realization and direct form
BTL6 Creating
realization and compare both the structure. (15)
…………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………. the filter coefficient
for N=13. (16)

UNIT V - FINITE WORD LENGTH EFFECTS IN DIGITAL FILTERS

Binary fixed point and floating point number representations – Comparison - Quantization noise – truncation
and rounding – quantization noise power- input quantization error- coefficient quantization error – limit cycle
oscillations-dead band- Overflow error-signal scaling.
PART - A
BT
Q.No Questions Competence
Level

1. Point out the effects of finite word length in digital filters. BTL4 Analysing
2. Define fixed point arithmetic. Give example. BTL1 Remembering
3. Assess the advantages of floating point arithmetic. BTL5 Evaluating
4. Collect the various the advantages of floating point arithmetic. BTL3 Applying
5. Point out the different quantization methods. BTL4 Analysing
6. Define truncation. BTL1 Remembering
7. Define round off noise error. BTL1 Remembering
8. Outline the quantization error. BTL2 Understanding
9. Why we select rounding over truncation in realizing digital filter. BTL5 Evaluating
10. Differentiate truncation with rounding errors. BTL4 Analysing

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11. Develop the types of quantization errors occur in digital system. BTL6 Creating

12. What do you understand by input quantization error? BTL2 Understanding

13. Construct truncation error for sign magnitude representation and for 2’s BTL6 Creating
complement representation.
14. Express limit cycles. BTL2 Understanding
15. Illustrate zero input limit cycle oscillation. BTL3 Applying

16. Define over flow oscillations. BTL1 Remembering

17. Define dead – band of a filter. BTL1 Remembering
18. Compute the method to eliminate overflow limit cycles. BTL3 Applying
19. What do you infer from signal scaling? BTL2 Understanding
20. Define saturation arithmetic. BTL1 Remembering
PART - B
1. (i) Explain the characteristics of a limit cycle oscillation with respect
to the system described by the equation
y (n) = 0.95y (n - 1) + x(n).Estimate the dead band of the
filter. (Assume sign magnitude is 5 bit). (7) BTL2 Understanding
(ii) Bring out the differences between fixed point and floating point
arithmetic. (6)

2. (i) Describe in detail about finite word length effects in digital filters.
(6)
(ii) Determine the variance of the round of noise power at the output
of cascade realization of the filter is as described by the transfer BTL1 Remembering
function H (z) = H1 (z) H2 (z). Where
1 1
𝐻1 (𝑧) = −1 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝐻2
(𝑧) = −1 . (7)
1−0.5𝑧 1−0.25𝑧

3. Derive the steady state output noise power and find the steady state
variance of the noise in the output due to quantization of input for the BTL6 Creating
first order filter y (n) = ay (n - 1) + x(n). (13)

4. Summarize the need for scaling and derive the scaling factor for a BTL2 Understanding
second order IIR filter. (13)

5. (i)Explain in detail the input quantization error and coefficient

quantization error and its effect on digital filter design, with an example.
(6) BTL2 Understanding
(ii) Illustrate quantization noise. Summarize the expression for
quantization noise power at the output ADC. (7)

6. Analyze the characteristics of limit cycle oscillation with respect to the

system described by the following equation y(n) = 0.85y (n - 2) BTL4 Analysing
+0.72y(n-1)+ x(n). Determine the dead band of the filter. (13)
7. (i) Compute the equation for steady state input noise power and steady
state output noise power (or) quantization noise power. (11) BTL3 Applying
(ii) Solve for the effect of signal scaling on SNR. (3)
1.

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8. (i)Deduct the errors during resulting from truncation and rounding. (9)
BTL5 Evaluating
(ii)Explain the various formats of the fixed point representation of
binary numbers. (4)
9. For the second order IlR filter, the system function is,
1
𝐻(𝑍) =
(1 − 0.5𝑧 −1 )(1
− 0.45𝑧 −1 ) BTL1 Remembering
Examine the effect of shift in pole location with 3 bit coefficient
representation in direct and cascade forms. (13)

10. The input to the system y(n) = 0.999y (n - 1) + x (n) is applied to an ADC.
Calculate the power produced by the quantization noise at the output of BTL4 Analysing
the filter if the input is quantized to 8 & 16 bits. (13)

11. Describe Limit Cycle oscillation. (13) BTL1 Remembering

12. (i) Order the following numbers in floating point format with five bits
for mantissa and three bits for exponent.
(a) 710 (4) BTL4 Analysing
(b) 0.2510 (3)
(ii) Compare fixed and floating point representation. (6)
𝑧
13. An IIR causal filter has the system function 𝐻(𝑧) = .Assume that
𝑧−0.97
the input signal is zero valued and the computed output signal values are
BTL3 Applying
rounded to one decimal place. Show that under those stated conditions,
the filter output exhibits dead band effect. What is the dead band range?
(13)
14. (i)List the 3 types of quantization error that occur due to the finite word
length of register. (10) BTL1 Remembering
(ii) What are the differences between fixed point and floating point
arithmetic. (3)
PART - C

1. The output of an A/D converter is applied to a digital filter with the

0.5z BTL6 Creating
system function; H(z) = .Formulate the output noise power from
z−0.5
the digital filter when the input signal is quantized to have 8 bits. (15)
2. Develop the output round off noise power for the system having transfer
1 BTL5 Evaluating
function 𝐻(𝑧) = Which is realized in cascade form?
(1−0.5𝑧 −1 )(1+0.4𝑧 −1 )
Assume the word length is 4 bits. (15)
3. A causal filter is defined by the difference equation y(n) =x(n) - 0.9y(n -
1).The unit sample response h(n) is computed such that the computed BTL5 Evaluating
values are rounded to one decimal place. Show that the filter exhibits
dead band effect. Evaluate the dead band range. (15)
4. Consider the transfer function where H (z) = H1 (z) H2 (z)
Let H (z) =H1 (Z) H2 (Z), i.e.,
1 1 BTL6 Creating
H1 (z) = −1
andH2 (z) =
1 − 0.5z 1 − 0.6z −1
Produce the output round off noise power. (15)

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