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Volume-7, Issue-2, March-April 2017

International Journal of Engineering and Management Research
Page Number: 92-96

Project Management and its Effects of Quality Control in Construction

Sector
Preethi S1, Monisha Manoharan2
1
PG Student, Sivaji College of Engineering and Technology, Manivila, Tamil Nadu, INDIA
2
Assistant Professor, Sivaji College of Engineering and Technology, Manivila, Tamil Nadu, INDIA

ABSTRACT project participants. The construction industry in India has

Quality is the symbol of human civilization, and been struggling with quality issues for many years. A
with the progress of human civilization, quality control will significant amount of the budget is spent each year on
play an incomparable role in the business. It can be said that infrastructure and other development projects. Since the
if there is no quality control, there is no economic benefit. quality outcomes of the projects are not according to
Construction projects are an extremely complex process,
required standards, faulty construction takes place.
involving a wide range. There are plenty of factors affecting
the quality of construction, such as design, materials, Quality Control in Construction Sector
machinery, topography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, This part includes the terminologies used in
construction technology, methods of operation, technical quality management system. These definitions place a
measures, management systems, and so on. Because of the major role in quality management because researcher’s
fixed project location, large volume and different location of definitions are the basic. From the basic we can understand
different projects, the poor control of these factors may about quality management. According, the effectiveness of
produce quality problems. During controlling the whole implementation of quality control and implementation of
process of construction, only accord with the required quality quality system are also justified.
standards and user promising requirements, fulfilling quality,
time, cost, etc., construction companies could get the best
The concept and contents
economic effects. The quality of the construction process is the
quality of integrated action due to human, material,
Keywords— Quality Control, PDCA Cycle, Quality machinery, process methodology and work environment,
Control System also known as process quality, which reflects the quality of
products.
Process quality control is implemented on the
process conditions for the activities (the quality input of
I. INTRODUCTION process activities) and effectiveness of the process
activities (the quality of sub-project). The following work
Quality is the symbol of human civilization,
should be focused on during process quality control.
and with the progress of human civilization, quality control
Determining the program of process quality control
will play an incomparable role in the business. It can be
On the one hand, specific measures to ensure
said that if there is no quality control, there is no economic
quality of technology for the different processes, and the
benefit. Construction projects are an extremely complex
provision of inputting materials and the order of activities
process, involving a wide range. There are plenty of
are required. On the other hand, the work flow and quality
factors affecting the quality of construction, such as
inspection system are needed.
design, materials, machinery, topography, geology,
Controlling the quality of conditions of process activities
hydrology, meteorology, construction technology, methods
actively
of operation, technical measures, management systems,
There are five main factors affecting the quality
and so on
of process conditions: human, materials, machinery,
Quality is one of the critical factors in the
equipment and methods, and the environment.
success of construction projects. Quality of construction
Inspecting the quality of effectiveness of process activities
projects, as well as project success, can be regarded as the
in a timely manner
fulfilment of expectations (i.e. the satisfaction) of the

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The implementation includes, self-inspection, no major studies have been completed that
mutual inspection, the handover inspection of upper and comprehensively examine how greater consideration of
lower working procedure, especially for hidden works and stakeholders’ perspectives of quality can be used to
sub-items contribute to final project quality outcomes. This paper
Setting the process control point (process management aims to examine the requirements for development of a
point) with key control framework leading to more effective involvement of
Process quality control points are major control stakeholders in quality planning and practices thus
objects determined for the key components affecting ultimately contributing to higher quality outcomes for
quality or weaknesses. construction projects
Control points should be set correctly and 2 Importance of Quality
implemented strictly. Construction projects are always expected to
Elements of Quality Control create a balance between cost, time and quality. It is
One way of distinguishing the elements of quality possible to have high quality and low cost, but at the
control shows that there is a classification of four natural expense of time, and conversely to have high quality and a
elements. fast project, but at a cost. High quality is not always the
New Design Control primary objective for the client; however, it is extremely
Through the first element, the quality control important to a successful project. An appropriate level of
effort on a new product is being conducted, while its quality could be determined during all phases of the
marketable characteristics are being selected, the design construction project. Specially, construction and
parameters are being established and proved by prototype commissioning are two critical phases where the project
tests and the manufacturing process is being planned and could impact by its operability, availability, reliability, and
initially cost. While the quality standards are being maintainability of a facility.
specified, both the product and process designs are .3 Barriers and Benefits of Quality
reviewed to eliminate any possible sources of quality The industry’s clients are moving forward.
troubles which may appear before the start of a formal Clients demand improved service quality, faster building
production and to improve maintainability and eliminate and innovations in technology. It is no accident that the
any threats to product The second element represents the construction industry has turned to the manufacturing
procedures for actual acceptance of materials, parts and sector as a point of reference and source of innovation.
components that are purchased from other companies or, Successful concepts derived from manufacturing, such as
perhaps, form other operating units of the same company. Total Quality Management (TQM), Lean (or Just-in-Time)
Occasionally, incoming material control applies to the Production and Reengineering, are being adopted and
parts that are produced in one area of a factory to be used integrated into the construction industry. Implicitly, the
in another area of the same factory realibility. successful implementation of these concepts is heavily
Product Control dependent on a culture of teamwork and cooperation at
The product control element involves the control both intra- and inter-organisational levels.
of products at the source of production so that departures 4 Utility and Statistical of Quality Control
from quality specifications can be corrected before Statistical Process Control (SPC) aims to control
detective products are manufactured. It does not only quality characteristics on the methods, machine, products,
involve the materials, but also the control of processes that equipment both for the company and operators with
contribute to the quality characteristics during the magnificent seven. Some simple techniques like the “seven
manufacturing operation. This control seeks to deliver a basic quality control (QC) tools” provide a very valuable
reliable product that will perform satisfactorily during its and cost effective way to meet these objectives. However,
expected life and under the conditions of use. to make them successful as cost effective and problem
solving tools, strong commitment from top management is
II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE required. Statistical process control (SPC) is one of the
important tools in quality control (QC). In order to survive
1 Quality Practices in Building Project in a competitive market, improving quality and
Quality, in construction projects should be productivity of product or process is a must for any
regarded as the full fillment of expectation of those company.
contributors involved in such projects. Although a 5 Quality Control in Construction
significant amount of quality practices have been The development of construction industry
introduced within the industry, attainment of reasonable depends on the quality of construction projects. Quality is
levels of quality in construction projects continues to be an one of the critical factors in the success of construction
ongoing problem. To date, some research into the projects. Improvement in the quality of construction
introduction and improvement of quality practices and projects is linked with quality management in the project
stakeholder management has been undertaken, but so far life cycle. Although quality management at every stage of

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project life cycle is important but the quality management • Problems concerning the construction procedures
at the execution (construction) stage contributes and regulations
significantly on final quality outcome of construction • Problems of design and calculation
projects. Quality is one of the critical factors in the success • Substandard materials and products
of construction projects. Quality of construction projects, • Out of control of construction and management
as well as project success, can be regarded as the • The influence of natural conditions
fulfilment of expectations (i.e. the satisfaction) of the • Improper use of facilities standard materials and
project participants. The construction industry in India has products
been struggling with quality issues for many years. The Treatment Scheme of Quality Control
According to the case of quality problems, there
III. METHODOLOGY are four different types of treatment options. The treatment
scheme of quality accident should be carried out based on
Based on the research question and the proper analysis and judgment of the cause of the
objectives, a methodology of quantitative approaches is accident.
employed to collect the relevant information associated Repair treatment
with the current status of quality control practices and This is one category of the most commonly used
organizational issues, within the various construction treatment options. Usually, the quality of some parts of the
industries. Prior to undertaking the quantitative project does not achieve the required norms, standards or
questionnaire survey a preliminary study was carried out. design requirements. In other words, there are some flaws,
Each project approach was supplemented by a detailed it can also be up to the required standards after repair,
analysis and interpretation of the data collected. without compromising function or appearance
requirements. In this case, the decision of repair treatment
can be made.
Rework deal
When quality of the project does not meet the
required quality standards or requirements, and there are
obviously serious quality problems, with significant
impacts on the use and safety of the structure, besides the
defects cannot be corrected through the repair approach,
the decision of rework deal can be made
Use restrict
When quality of the project cannot be guaranteed
to reach the use requirements of safety by the repair
treatment, but rework deal cannot be done in the actual
situation, restrictions on the use can be made.
No treatment
The quality of some product do not meet quality
requirements or standards, but it is not very serious, and
has few effects on the use and safety of the structure, after
analysis, argument and careful consideration, the decision
of no special treatment can be made. The contents for this
are:
x It doesn't affect the structural safety and use.
x It has some slight quality problems, but can be
made up after follow-up processes. After review and
check, it still meets the design requirements although with
IV. QUALITY PROBLEMS IN arisen quality problems.
PDCA Cycle
CONSTRUCTION
The manufacturing industries are establishing the
quality control system, but in construction industry we
cannot establish even Quality control. The reason behind is
every construction project is unique and quality is ever
changing factor i.e. quality change time to time, place to
place.
Figure 1: PDCA Cycle

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PDCA is a scientific management procedure and

method to do quality control of construction, named PDCA Is formal
Cycle, which is composed of 4 stages of P (plan), D (do), training in
C (check), A (action). quality
control is
V. DESIGN OF QUESTIONNAIRE given to the
employees
A questionnaire was designed to study more
about the quality management practices in the construction
industry and ways to improve quality in construction Employees
works. The questionnaires were prepared with reference of who are
literature reviews and field persons like contractors, aware of the
engineers, project managers and consultant. Because field importance
people are very well know about, what are all the factors of quality
affecting the quality majorly.

Constructi Strongl Satisf Neither Dissatis Stro

Question Yes No Sometimes on y ied satisfie fied ngly
quality satisfac d nor dissa
Will quality tion not tisfie
works in d
organization
Project
quality
Quality
control
program be Material
beneficial to quality
the
organization
Equipment
quality
Organisation
have any
quality Adequacy
improvement of job site
program personnel

Quality Quality of
control workmans
program be hip
beneficial to
the
organization Knowledg
e of
project
Supervisory
staff who
have Time
undergone completio
quality nof project
improvement
training
Construc Strongly Satisf Neither Dissatis Stro

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tion satisfacti ied satisfie fied ngly Through the research, there was learnt the
quality on d nor diss function and importance of quality control. The aim of the
not atisf research on the quality control is to find out the
ied shortcoming of quality management of enterprise, then to
make progress through the research, so as to improve the
Knowled quality of product, work, and service, while strengthen the
ge of quality management system, and raise the overall level of
client quality management. For a construction organization, the
needs quality of construction project is the protection of all the
work
The systematic quality management system
Adequac should be applied. The quality of each process and project
y of can be ensured through systematic planning, control and
planning inspection. The waste of workforce, machinery, materials
and other costs can be avoided, as well as the schedule
Adequac delays. It has been found out that the scientific quality
y of management system can ensure the rational allocation of
training project resources, and make the project run on the
preconcert quality objectives, so as to achieve the effect of
Relation project quality control.
ship
between REFERENCES
parties
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VI. CONCLUSION

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