Developing Elementary Conversations
Developing Elementary Conversations
Preescolar
English. Developing
elementary
conversations
Segundo Semestre
Primera edición: 2018
From 2012 onwards, the curriculum has included English language within
the curriculum map of both undergraduate programs for Pre-school Education
and Primary Education, in order to improve the communicate competency of
trainee teachers.
From 2018 onwards, the English language course becomes part of the
curricular map in every undergraduate program at Teacher Training schools.
These principles, and the implications for teaching, are spelled out in more detail
in the section on Teacher Guidelines.
This course was designed by academics who are specialists in the field of English
from Cambridge University: Ben Knight, María del Rocío Vargas Ortega, Ana
Maurer Tolson, Alejandro Velázquez Elizalde and Israel Urióstegui Figueroa. The
translation of the course into Spanish was done by Ari Yair Fenoy Brito, Arturo
Asael Alanís Ayala, Erika Gisela Corona Velázquez, Bertha Guadalupe Paulo
Guerrero, English teachers from the Escuela Normal Superior de México.
Curriculum design specialists Julio César Leyva Ruiz, Gladys Añorve Añorve,
Sandra Elizabeth Jaime Martínez. Finally, Refugio Armando Salgado Morales and
Jessica Gorety Ortiz García were the technical curriculum support from the
Dirección General de Educación Superior para Profesionales de la Educación.
Generic competences
Use critical and creative thought for solving problems and taking
decisions.
Learn in an autonomous way and demonstrate initiative for self-
regulation and strengthen her/his personal development.
Cooperate to bring about innovative projects having a social impact.
Use the Information and communication technologies critically
Apply his/her linguistic and communicative skills in different contexts.
Professional competences
Detect the learning processes of their students to support their cognitive
and social-emotional development.
Apply the plan and study programs to achieve the educational purposes
and contribute to the full development of their students capacities
Design plans applying their curricular, psychopedagogical, disciplinary,
didactic and technological knowledge to foster inclusive learning spaces
that respond to the needs of all students within the framework of the plan
and study programs.
Use the evaluation to influence in different areas and moments of the
educational task to improve the learning of their students.
Use resources of educational research to enrich their professional
teaching practice, expressing their interest in knowledge, science and
education improvement.
Acts ethically before the diversity of situations that arise in the
professional teaching practice.
Work with the school community, parents, authorities and teachers, in
decision-making and in the development of alternative solutions to
socio-educational problems.
Table 1
English language course levels
Year CEFR level CEFR Semester Course name description
descriptor level
Each semester is based on 108 hours of class time. In general, schools are
expected to provide six hours of English teaching each week.
Professional: This relates to the students’ future work as teachers as well as their
general professional development. The emphasis continues with spoken
English, but there will be more activities here that develop writing skills.
The balance of time for each environment as the program progresses across the
levels. The first year of the program allocates more hours to the Personal
environment as this is considered essential for basic communication. But as the
students progress towards becoming teachers, the number of hours for the
Community and Professional environments increases.
The recommended hours for each learning environment are set out below:
Table 2
Time allocation per year and semester
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Personal 45 45 42 42 33 33 240
Community 36 36 39 39 33 33 216
Professional 27 27 27 27 42 42 192
Hours per
108 108 108 108 108 108 648
semester
Within each context or environment, there are three general areas of use or
“social practices of language”. These are as follows:
Learning
Social practice of language
environment
Each of the nine social practices of language has one overall learning objective
per semester. These learning objectives are grouped according to the learning
environment to form a learning unit. Thus, each semester has three learning
units, as shown below for Semester 1:
Exchange
Exchange personal Understand own information about
information and other cultures classrooms and
school activities
Communicate
Share instructions impressions of
Talk about learning
and procedures different cultural
issues
Participate in
Reflect on Exchange
exchanges about
environmental and information about
everyday or
social issues work
immediate needs
Teaching and learning guidelines
These principles have implications for the way English should be taught in each
course.
Authenticity also includes teaching language that students are likely to use, in
the sense of reflecting their interests and circumstances. For this reason, the
curriculum is often open-ended with the examples of language (vocabulary and
expression) listed in the document. Teachers should adapt the choice of
vocabulary according to their students’ areas of interest and what is likely to be
an authentic communicative situation for them. For example, when the
curriculum provides a list of pastimes for students to talk about, this can be
adapted for each group of students. However, in providing this flexibility,
teachers need to be careful not to take the language outside the appropriate
level for that semester by adding too many new words or expressions.
For more ideas on motivation in language learning, see Lamb 2017 and Ushioda
2008.
In each class, there is a wide variety of students. This variety may relate to a
number of different dimensions:
Level of English
Their first language (whether it is Spanish or not)
Previous experience of learning English
Learning preferences – whether they prefer to learn more by analyzing
the language or by experiencing it, whether they prefer to read and write,
or listen and speak, etc.
Their interests and objectives.
Teachers need to be aware of the profile of their different students and adapt
their teaching accordingly. In practice, teachers should approach this in a
number of ways:
In addition to these five principles, there are a number of other points that
teachers should bear in mind when teaching this course.
Balance of skills
Considering the balance of skills in the program, teachers should note that
speaking is considered the most important skill to develop and yet it is also the
most difficult one. For this reason, teachers should be particularly focused on
giving students opportunities to practice spoken English. It is essential that
students frequently work in pairs and groups to have sufficient opportunities for
practice.
However, it is also important for the other three skills – reading, writing and
listening – are also given sufficient attention, and each lesson should aim to have
a certain element of all four skills in it.
Learning autonomy
The hours of class time are not usually sufficient for students to master the
required level of English. They need to invest their own time outside the
classroom – at home or in a self-study centre/room. However, the effectiveness
of this self-study depends partly on the student’s ability to manage their own
learning. Teachers need to build up their skills by introducing self-study tasks in
a graded way, and to provide plenty of guidance to students on how they
complete self-study tasks (Murray, Gao and Lamb 2011). This may require explicit
instruction on self-study techniques such as using dictionaries, creating
vocabulary revision lists, having checklists to evaluate their own writing before
completing it, etc.
Teachers can use descriptor scales from the Common European Framework of
Reference, or other scales such as those used by Cambridge Assessment or the
British Council. Teachers can adapt these to their own context, students and
focus. For example, if the focus of the task is giving directions, the scale can
include features such as ‘gives clear and accurate directions as required’.
The focus of the speaking may include one or more of the following general
features of speaking: accuracy, range of vocabulary and structures,
pronunciation (of individual sounds and prosody) and fluency.
For writing skills, a similar approach can be taken, using rating scales to describe
different levels of performance.
Teachers should use appropriate texts or recordings, which match the level and
topics of the content covered in the course that semester. Comprehension tasks
should cover different aspects of understanding a text or recording, e.g.
understanding the main point, understanding specific details, understanding
the intention and purpose of the writer/speaker, understanding implied
meanings in the text or recording.
Learning evidences
The recommended balance of assessment for English for each semester is:
Speaking: 30%
Writing: 20%
Listening: 20%
Reading: 10%
Grammar and vocabulary: 20%
Formal tests of learning at key points – e.g. in the middle and end of a
semester – in order to provide more formal feedback on their progress.
The results of these tests should be recorded as part of the tracking of
each student’s progress, and included in reports where required. The
exact timing of these recorded assessments needs to be consistent with
assessment policy across the school. In some cases, these may be
required monthly. However, in the case of English language courses, we
recommend that formal recorded assessments are only carried out at the
middle and end of each semester. This is to avoid too much class time
being spent on formal assessment activities.
Learning Unit I: Pastimes, directions and plans (Level
A1.2/Personal)
Content
Learning activities/examples
Name and write pastimes (e.g., read, listen to music, play sports, go to
the movies, dance, exercise, go for a walk, talk to friends, play
tennis/golf/football/baseball, play the piano/guitar, etc.)
Listen to and say statements to indicate frequency (e.g. I run every day /
She goes to the movies once a week / He often travels / Sometimes I go
to museums / I never go skating, etc.) and time (e.g. I play video games
two hours a day / She visits her family every Sunday / We watch TV at
the weekend, etc.)
PRONUNCIATION FOCUS: Practice difference between /s/ and /sh/ (e.g. she, see,
shopping, singing)
Ask and answer questions about pastimes (e.g., What do you like to do / doing
in your free time? I like to watch TV / What do you do on the weekends? l play
volleyball / What things do you like doing? I love baking / Do you have any
hobbies? I like playing video games / What is your favorite pastime? I love
reading, etc.)
Ask and answer questions to get additional information (e.g. Where do you
play basketball? I play it at school / When does she read? On vacation / When
do we go fishing? In spring, etc.)
Ask and answer questions about likes and dislikes (e.g., Do you like to swim?
Yes, I do / Do you like watching horror movies? No, I don’t. / Do you like video
games? Yes, I like playing video games, etc.)
GRAMMAR FOCUS: Give short answers to questions using the present simple
tense
State likes and dislikes (e.g., I like baking / I don’t like doing crosswords / I like
going to the amusement park / I don’t like taking naps, etc.)
Show interest (e.g., Really? That’s interesting)
Link statements (e.g., I love swimming but I don’t like running / I like cooking
and I love baking, etc.)
Talk about abilities using ‘can’ (e.g. I can sing very well, Can you draw? etc)
Exchange information about pastimes using a personal planner (e.g., I
always go swimming in the morning, but I never go running. I don’t like it. I
love cooking. I usually cook at night and I sometimes bake. I like it very
much. On the weekend, I often visit friends in the afternoon and we
sometimes go to the movies. On Sunday I sometimes read a book or solve
puzzles, but I never take naps, etc.)
Evidences Performance Criteria
Learning activities/examples
Listen to names of places in the community (e.g., clinic, police station, market,
restaurant, library, fruit market, drugstore, car park, etc.)
Discuss places and activities (e.g., I buy fruit and vegetables in the market / I
have breakfast at the cafeteria / You can get money at the bank, etc.)
Use expressions of courtesy (e.g., Excuse me, thank you)
Ask and answer questions about the location of places using a map (e.g.,
Where’s the library? It’s next to the post office / Excuse me. Where’s the store?
It’s across from the hospital, How do I get to the station? Walk three blocks
straight / Is there a market nearby? Yes, there is. It’s across from the hotel,
etc.)
GRAMMAR FOCUS: Use words and expressions to establish location.
Express point of origin and destination (e.g., from the office to the park, from
the station to the market, etc.)
Listen to directions (e.g., walk two blocks, turn right at the corner, etc.)
Give directions stating distance (e.g., turn left, and walk 50m. The bank is right
there, etc.)
Ask and give directions to get to places
Use expressions of courtesy when asking for directions (e.g., Excuse me / Can
you help me? / Thank you / You’re welcome / No problem, etc.)
Ask for confirmation or repetition in an exchange (e.g., Can you say that
again, please? / Can you repeat that? / I didn’t understand, etc.)
Ask and give directions to get to places (e.g., Excuse me, do you know where
the drugstore is? Yes, I do. Go straight, turn right at the corner, and continue
straight for three blocks. Can you say that again please? For… three… blocks.
OK, three blocks. Now, the drugstore is next to the post office / How can I get
to the airport? Go back to Main St, go two blocks straight, turn left and
continue straight for 20m / Is there a store around here? Yes, there is one
across the street, etc.)
Learning activities/examples
Name activities you do with other people (e.g., dance, go to the gym, go for a
walk, go out with friends, etc.)
Talk about future plans in general (e.g., I’m going to study more this year! I’m
going to eat more vegetables / spend less time on the Internet / I’m going to
learn to dance, etc.).
Listen to and say dates and times (e.g., tomorrow, tonight, on the weekend,
on Friday, in September, on November 1st, on the 3rd, 24 May, etc.)
Discuss plans a particular date or time (e.g., I’m having dinner with my family
on Thursday On Friday I’ve having a party. It’s at 7 pm / I’m going to the gym
at 9a.m. / I’m seeing friends on the 17th, etc.)
Ask questions in different ways (e.g., Are you going to celebrate Valentine’s
Day? / Do you want to go out tonight? / What do you feel like doing? / What
are you doing on Tuesday?, etc.)
Ask and answer questions about details (e.g., Where does Mike live? He lives
around here. Should we bring anything? Yes, let’s buy some drinks, etc.)
Notice the difference between /I/ and /i:/ sounds (e.g., /I/ live, this, dinner, drinks,
kitchen, picnic; /i:/ week, me, free, feel,)
Make plans to do things together (e.g., We’re having a party in two weeks, do
you want to come? Yes, I do. Can I invite my girlfriend? Sure! What should we
bring? Nothing, don’t bring anything. I can’t do that. We can buy some snacks.
Are you going to bake a cake for the party? Yes, I am. Do you want to help me?
Yes, I can arrive at 4:00. Great!, etc.)
Basic bibliography
Richards, J. C with J. Hull & S. Proctor (2017). Interchange Intro.
Student’s Book with online self-study. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Soars, L., Soars J. & Maris, A. (2011). New Headway. Elementary. Student’s
book. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Support resources
Possessives and possessive
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-
learners/a1g009-possessives-and-possessive
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-
learners/a1l001-shopping-for-clothes
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/tgg/unit-1/session-25
Learning Unit II: Food and dishes, handicrafts and health
issues (Level A1.2/Community)
Content
Learning activities/examples
Listen to and read information about food and dishes (e.g., The traditional dish
in Oaxaca is black mole / In Guerrero it is white pozole / Curry is an Indian dish
/ Ceviche is very popular in Peru, etc.)
Talk about your favorite dish (e.g. My favorite dish is quesadillas / Ceviche is
his favorite dish, etc.)
List the ingredients (e.g., Black mole has chocolate, spices and chili / There is
fish in ceviche, etc.)
Talk about dishes you like and don’t like (e.g. I really like sushi / I don’t like
fondue, etc.)
GRAMMAR FOCUS: count and noncount nouns – eggs/bread, some and any
Ask and answer questions about ingredients (e.g., How do you make ceviche?
You need fish, lime, onion, coriander, salt, and chili / What type of chili? Yellow
chili, etc.)
Ask and answer questions about details (e.g. When do you eat it? On special
occasions / Do you use chopsticks? No, you eat it with a fork / etc.)
Describe dishes from your country (e.g., We eat mole in Mexico. It has
chocolate, spices and chili. We make this dish on special occasions, for
example, weddings, birthday parties. There are different types of mole:
black, green, red and yellow, etc.)
Describe dishes from other countries (e.g., Couscous is a dish from North
Africa. It has vegetables and different types of meat in it. You usually eat it
with a type of bread. In Mexico, we hardly ever eat it, but in the Middle East,
people have couscous every day, etc.)
GRAMMAR FOCUS: Use object pronouns to replace names.
Learning activities/examples
Read and name traditional handicrafts from your country (e.g., alebrijes, doll,
maracas, mask, jar, etc.)
Give basic information about materials (e.g., The mask is made of wood / the
doll is made of cloth, etc.)
NB treat ‘is made of’ as a fixed phrase; don’t introduce passive verbs in this course
Ask and answer questions about origin and materials (e.g., Where are
kimonos from? They are Japanese / What are kimonos made of? They are
made of silk, etc.)
Ask and answer questions about characteristics (e.g., What shape is it? It is
round and flat / What color is it? It is blue, yellow, red and white / Is it small or
large? It is small, etc.)
PRONUNCIATION FOCUS: Notice use of schwa /Ə/ : e.g. of in made of, are in what
are, etc.
Learning activities/examples
List parts of the body (e.g., head, eye, tooth/teeth, back, arm, hand, finger,
wrist, foot/feet, etc.)
Describe health problems (e.g. I have a headache/backache/cough/sore
throat, my foot hurts, I feel sick/miserable/better/fine/fantastic, I can’t sleep,
etc.)
Describe medicines and remedies (e.g. aspirin, cough drops, muscle cream,
bandage, etc.)
Ask and answer questions about health (e.g., How are you today? Do you feel
hot/cold/tired?, etc.)
Give instructions for health issues (e.g., take one pill every morning before
breakfast, don’t drink coffee, do more exercise, etc.)
Describe health issues in the community (e.g., Some people eat too much
sugar. They don’t eat enough vegetables. We don’t do enough exercise. We
are getting too fat, etc.)
Give advice on health issues (e.g., People should eat a balanced diet and
exercise. You shouldn’t eat too much junk food, We should drink more water,
etc.)
GRAMMAR FOCUS: Use ‘too’ and ‘not enough’; use ‘should/shouldn’t’ for advice
Basic bibliography
Richards, J. C with J. Hull & S. Proctor (2017). Interchange Intro.
Student’s Book with online self-study. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Marks, J. (2007). English pronunciation in use. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Baker, A. (2006). Tree o three? An elementary pronunciation course.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Murphy, R. (2016). Essential grammar in use. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Oxford Essential Dictionary (2012). Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Complementary bibliography
Cunningham, S., Moor, P., & Crace, A. (2013) Cutting edge. Elementary. Student’s
book. Harlow: Pearson.
Soars, L., Soars J. & Maris, A. (2011). New Headway. Elementary. Student’s book.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Support resources
Changes
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/changes
Modals
https://elt.oup.com/student/livinggrammar/ele/b_practice/e_modals/1_1?cc=mx
&selLanguage=en&mode=hub
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/tgg/unit-1/session-26
Learning Unit III: School activities, performance evaluation
and work expectations (Level A1.2/Professional)
Contents
Describe school activities in a daily planner
Ask and answer questions about a day of school activities
Record school activities in a daily planner
Learning activities/examples
Listen and say words and expressions of time in a daily planner (e.g., morning,
afternoon, evening, 5 o’clock, half past 10, in/at/on for time, etc.)
Give dates (e.g. Friday the fourteenth of July, on August the tenth, etc.)
List different school subjects (e.g. English, history, science, civics, math,
geography, etc.)
Locate school activities in a daily planner (e.g., lesson time, study time, lunch
break, etc.) and details (e.g., library 5:00 pm / language lab at noon /
principal’s office 8:15 am, etc.)
GRAMMAR FOCUS: Present continuous for present activities, e.g. What are you
doing? I’m studying English. Where are you going? I’m going to the library.
Ask and answer questions about a day of school activities
Ask and answer questions about a day of school activities (e.g. When do you
have English class? Monday at 9:00 am / What’s your homework tonight?
Read a book / Is your presentation on Thursday? Yes, it’s at 11:00 am, etc.)
Ask and answer questions about planned school activities (e.g., What are you
doing tomorrow? I’m finishing my Math homework / Are you busy this
afternoon? Yes, I preparing my Geography presentation / Where are you
going to study? In the library, etc.)
GRAMMAR FOCUS: Present continuous for planned activities, e.g. What are you
doing tomorrow? I’m studying geography.
PRONUNCIATION FOCUS: Notice words beginning with /s/ (e.g., study, school,
Spanish, science, session)
Learning activities/examples
Ask and answer questions about learning performance in the past (e.g., Did
you work hard in English? She made progress in her Math, How well did you
perform in English? Very well / How did you do in the exam? I made some
mistakes / How are her writing skills? They’re very good / How did he do in the
final assignment? He had some difficulty / Where can she improve? In Math,
etc.)
Ask and answer questions about reasons for various learning performance
results (e.g., Why didn’t you finish your homework? Because I didn’t
understand it / Why did he get a low grade? Because he didn’t come to class
/ Why is she good in Dance? Because she practices daily, etc.)
Ask and answer questions to suggest actions for change (e.g., How can I get
good grades? Study often / What can I do to speak English? Get together with
an English speaker / Listening to music helps my English? Yes, do it everyday,
etc.)
GRAMMAR FOCUS: Use simple past in statements and questions
PRONUNCIATION FOCUS: Notice pronunciation of -ed in verb endings.
Learning activities/examples
Name and write jobs (e.g., teacher, principal, librarian, English teacher,
supervisor, assistant, nurse, secretary, etc.)
Listen to required skills for a job (e.g., patient, good at planning, organized,
nice, funny, responsible, to like children, etc.)
State work conditions (e.g., It’s a good salary / There are benefits / Teachers enjoy
a lot of holidays / You can work in the morning or in the afternoon, etc.)
Ask and answer questions about experience and work skills (e.g., Where did
you work before? I worked at the school library / What can you do in this
school? I can help students, etc.)
Ask and answer questions about work expectations (e.g., Where would you
like to work? I would like to work in Oaxaca / How do you imagine your
workplace? A safe and friendly environment / What kind of job do you want?
I want to be an English teacher / Who would you like to work with? I would
like to work with children with special needs, etc.)
Ask and answer questions about things you do not want in a job (e.g., Would
you like to be a principal? Not really, I like working with children / Would you
like to stay here? No, I would like to travel / Do you like working in an office?
No, I can’t work in an office, I love the classroom, etc.)
Basic bibliography
Complementary bibliography
Cunningham, S., Moor, P., & Crace, A. (2013) Cutting edge. Elementary.
Student’s book. Harlow: Pearson.
Soars, L., Soars J. & Maris, A. (2011). New Headway. Elementary. Student’s
book. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Support resources
Giving advice to a friend
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-
learners/a2w003-giving-advice-to-a-friend
What you did last Saturday
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-
learners/a1w003-what-you-did-last-saturday
Tim's Pronunciation Workshop: Have to
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/pronunciation/tims-
pronunciation-workshop-ep-11
Teacher professional profile suggested
Academic profile
The teacher of the subject Foreign Language: English requires a solid
background in knowledge of the English language in use, as well as consolidated
knowledge about its formal aspects and about the teaching of English as a
foreign language. In addition, it is necessary for him/her to be an informed actor
of both the situation in the classrooms of basic education regarding the teaching
of the English language as well as the teaching strategies that help to have a
positive impact on the National Educational System. Also, he/she needs to be
sensitive to the needs of the Teacher Training Schools and promote a reasoned
and informed dialogue with their peers, authorities and students and generate
positive change mechanisms regarding the teaching of English as a foreign
language.
Academic level
Compulsory
International Certification in English language use of at least one level above the
assigned class.
Desirable
Hattie, J. (2012). Visible learning for teachers. New York & London:
Routledge
Murray, G., Gao, X., & Lamb, T. (eds.) (2011). Identity, motivation and
autonomy in language learning. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
http://visuwords.com/
www.eslvideo.com
http://lyricstraining.com/
www.busuu.com
http://intermediatelow.blogspot.com/
www.englishclub.com
www.topics-mag.com
www.readableblog.com
dictionary.cambridge.org
www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
www.tefl.net
www.elllo.org
Licenciatura en Educación
Preescolar
Inglés. Desarrollo de
conversaciones
elementales
Segundo Semestre
Primera edición: 2018
El curso de Inglés para las escuelas normales está diseñado con la finalidad de
desarrollar habilidades de comunicación efectivas en el idioma inglés para
desarrollarse en contextos afines a los estudiantes normalistas. Como futuros
profesores de una sociedad en la que el inglés es cada vez más importante para
realizar actividades sociales y profesionales, es esencial que todos los normalistas
desarrollen un nivel de dominio avanzado en este idioma. El inglés tiene una
importancia relevante si se quiere acceder a información, contactar personas,
comprender otras culturas y participar en actividades culturales. Como señala
la UNESCO (2007): Las competencias lingüísticas son fundamentales para el
empoderamiento de los individuos en sociedades plurales y democráticas, ya
que permiten el éxito académico, promueven el acceso a otras culturas y
favorecen la apertura al intercambio cultural (p. 13). El inglés en particular es
importante para los estudiantes por su papel en contextos comunicativos
multinacionales (Hyland 2011).
Desde el año 2012 a la fecha, los planes y programas de las normales donde se
imparten las Licenciaturas en Preescolar y Primaria han incluido este idioma
para mejorar la competencia comunicativa de los estudiantes en formación.
Ahora, a partir del 2018, los cursos de inglés serán parte del mapa curricular de
todos los programas de licenciatura en las escuelas normales.
Competencias Genéricas
Tabla 1
Niveles del programa de inglés
Descriptor Nivel
Año acorde al según Semestre Descripción del curso
MCER MCER
1 A1 (Acceso)
A1.2 2 Desarrollo de conversaciones
elementales
Comunitario: Incluye contextos en los que se usa el inglés para expresar aspectos
culturales de los estudiantes, como: el entretenimiento, las artes, el medio
ambiente y las formas de vida. También puede incluir temas interculturales,
comparando los modos de vida y comportamiento de los estudiantes con los de
personas de otros países o grupos sociales. En este ambiente sigue siendo
importante la expresión oral, pero habrá más actividades que implican la
comprensión lectora y auditiva.
Tiempo aproximado para cada ambiente: El primer año del programa asigna
más horas al ambiente personal, ya que se considera esencial para la
comunicación básica. Pero a medida que los estudiantes avanzan en su trayecto
formativo, aumenta la cantidad de horas en los ambientes comunitario y
profesional.
Personal 45 45 42 42 33 33 240
Comunitario 36 36 39 39 33 33 216
Profesional 27 27 27 27 42 42 192
Horas al
108 108 108 108 108 108 648
semestre
En cada contexto o ambiente, hay tres áreas generales de uso en las “prácticas
sociales de la lengua”. Como se indica:
Ambiente de
Prácticas sociales del lenguaje
aprendizaje
3. Profesional
3.2 Refiere procesos de aprendizaje
Cada una de las nueve prácticas sociales del lenguaje tiene un propósito general
por semestre. Dichos propósitos se agrupan de acuerdo al ambiente de
aprendizaje de cada unidad; por lo tanto, cada semestre está conformado por
tres unidades de aprendizaje, como se muestra abajo:
Semestre 1.
Ambiente
Práctica social del Propósito de la Unidad de
de
lenguaje unidad de aprendizaje
aprendizaje
aprendizaje
Intercambiar
1.1 Intercambia
información personal
información
sobre sus
personal
pasatiempos (A1.2.1)
Pedir y dar
1.2 Comparte
indicaciones para Unidad de
instrucciones y
1. Personal llegar a lugares aprendizaje
procedimientos
(A1.2.2) 1
1.3 Conversa sobre
sus actividades Planear actividades
cotidianas y junto con otros
necesidades (A1.2.3)
inmediatas
Describir alimentos y
2.1 Reconoce
platillos, de la cultura
información sobre la
de origen y de otras
diversidad cultural Unidad de
2. culturas (A1.2.4)
aprendizaje
Comunitario 2.2 Valora opiniones
Compartir 2
sobre expresiones
información sobre
artísticas de
artesanías de
diferentes culturas
diferentes culturas
(A1.2.5)
2.3 Reflexiona sobre
Hablar sobre la salud
temas sociales y
(A1.2.6)
entornos
3.1 Comparte
Registrar actividades
información sobre el
escolares en una
aula y actividades
agenda diaria (A1.2.7)
escolares
Describir cómo uno
Unidad de
3. 3.2 Refiere procesos mismo y otros
aprendizaje
Profesional de aprendizaje desempeñan ciertas
3
actividades (A1.2.8)
Describir sus
3.3 Intercambia
expectativas
información sobre la
laborales personales
labor docente
(A1.2.9)
Comunicación efectiva en inglés
Hay una gran variedad de estudiantes en cada grupo. Dicha variedad puede
relacionarse con varias y diferentes dimensiones:
Nivel de inglés.
Primera lengua (ya sea español u otra).
Experiencia previa de aprendizaje de inglés.
Preferencias de aprendizaje, ya sea analizando el idioma,
experimentándolo; si prefieren leer y escribir, o escuchar y hablar, etc.
Intereses y objetivos.
Además de estos cinco principios, hay otros puntos que los maestros deben
tener en cuenta al enseñar este curso.
Balance de habilidades
Autonomía de aprendizaje
Las horas de clase no suelen ser suficientes para que los alumnos logren el nivel
requerido de inglés. Necesitan invertir su propio tiempo fuera del aula, en el
hogar o en un centro/sala de autoaprendizaje. Sin embargo, la efectividad de
este autoaprendizaje depende en parte de la capacidad del alumno para
gestionarlo. Los maestros necesitan desarrollar sus habilidades introduciendo
tareas de autoaprendizaje de forma graduada y proporcionar mucha orientación
a los estudiantes sobre cómo completar tareas de autoaprendizaje (Murray, Gao
y Lamb 2011). Esto puede requerir instrucciones explícitas sobre técnicas de
autoaprendizaje, tales como: usar diccionarios, crear listas de revisión de
vocabulario, tener listas de verificación para evaluar su propia escritura antes de
completarla, etc.
Sugerencias de evaluación
Qué evaluar
La evaluación del lenguaje debe reflejar los objetivos del curso. Como la prioridad
es desarrollar la expresión oral, la evaluación debe ser la parte más importante.
Sin embargo, las otras habilidades comunicativas, así como aspectos formales
del inglés (la gramática, el vocabulario y la pronunciación) deben evaluarse
regularmente.
Rasgos de la evaluación
Los docentes pueden usar escalas descriptivas del Marco Común Europeo de
Referencia, o bien otras escalas como los exámenes ESOL de la Universidad de
Cambridge o los del Consejo Británico. Los maestros pueden adaptarlos a su
propio contexto, estudiantes y enfoque. Por ejemplo, si el propósito es dar
instrucciones, la escala puede incluir características, tales como: “da
instrucciones claras y precisas según sea el caso”.
Los criterios para la expresión oral pueden incluir una o más de las siguientes
características generales del habla: precisión, rango de vocabulario y estructuras,
pronunciación (de sonidos individuales o en el discurso) y fluidez.
Siempre que sea posible, la evaluación de la expresión oral debe involucrar a dos
personas que realizan la tarea juntas (puede ser el maestro y un asistente, por
ejemplo), donde una persona guía o hace las preguntas durante la actividad oral
y la otra observa y evalúa al alumno con la escala. Sin embargo, cuando esto no
es posible, el maestro deberá realizar ambas tareas: entrevistar y evaluar al
alumno al mismo tiempo.
2. La expresión escrita.
Los profesores deben usar textos escritos u orales (grabaciones) apropiados, que
coincidan con el nivel y los temas del contenido del curso. Dichas tareas de
comprensión deben cubrir diferentes aspectos, como: entender la idea principal,
detalles específicos, la intención y propósito del escritor/hablante, los
significados implícitos en el texto o en la grabación.
Contenidos
Hablar de pasatiempos
Comparte información de pasatiempos
Intercambia información de pasatiempos
Actividades de aprendizaje
Hablar de pasatiempos
Escucha y da oraciones para indicar frecuencia (por ejemplo, corro diario/ Ella
va al cine una vez a la semana/ El viaja seguido/ A veces voy a museos/ Nunca
patino, etc.) y tiempo (por ejemplo, juego videojuegos dos horas al día/ Ella
visita a su familia cada domingo/ Vemos televisión el fin de semana, etc.)
PRONUNCIACIÓN: Practicar la diferencia entre /s/ and /sh/ (she, see, shopping,
singing).
Contenidos
Actividades de aprendizaje
Contenidos
Actividades de aprendizaje
Nombra actividades para realizarlas con otras personas (por ejemplo, bailar, ir
al gimnasio, dar un paseo, salir con amigos, etc.)
Habla de planes futuros en general (por ejemplo, ¡Voy a estudiar más este
año! ¡Voy a comer más verduras! / ¡Voy a pasar menos tiempo en el internet!
/ ¡Voy a aprender a bailar!, etc.).
Escucha y dice fechas y horas (por ejemplo, mañana, esta noche, el fin de
semana, el viernes, en septiembre, el primero de noviembre, el tres, el 24 de
mayo, etc.)
Externa planes para una fecha u hora en particular (por ejemplo, voy a cenar
con mi familia el jueves / El viernes tengo una fiesta. Es a las siete de la noche
/ Voy a ir al gimnasio a las nueve / Voy a ver a mis amigos el 17, etc.)
GRAMÁTICA: Utiliza “be going to” y el presente continuo para expresar acciones
futuras.
Sugiere planes para hacer cosas juntos (por ejemplo, vamos al estadio
mañana / Vamos a tener una fiesta en dos semanas, etc.)
Acepta o rechaza planes (por ejemplo, disculpa, pero soy muy malo en la
cocina / Hagamos algo juntos. No puedo, tengo que estudiar para un
examen, etc.)
Planea actividades para realizarlas con otros (por ejemplo, tenemos una fiesta
en dos semanas, ¿Quieres venir? Sí. ¿Puedo invitar a una amiga? ¡Por
supuesto! ¿Qué hay que llevar? Nada, no traigas nada. No puedo hacer eso.
Podemos comprar algunas botanas. ¿Vas a hornear un pastel para la fiesta?
Sí. ¿Quieres ayudarme? Sí, puedo llegar a las 4:00. ¡Excelente!, etc.)
Cunningham, S., Moor, P., & Crace, A. (2013) Cutting edge. Elementary.
Student’s book. Harlow: Pearson.
Soars, L., Soars J. & Maris, A. (2011). New Headway. Elementary. Student’s
book. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Recursos de apoyo
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-
learners/a1g009-possessives-and-possessive
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-
learners/a1l001-shopping-for-clothes
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/tgg/unit-1/session-25
Unidad de aprendizaje II: Comida, platillos, artesanías y
problemas de salud (nivel A1.2/ Comunitario)
Contenidos
Actividades de aprendizaje
Describir platillos del país de origen (por ejemplo, Comemos Mole en México.
Contiene chocolate, especias y chile. Hacemos este platillo en ocasiones
especiales; por ejemplo, en bodas y fiestas de cumpleaños. Hay diferentes
tipos de mole. Hay mole negro, rojo y amarillo.)
Describir platillos de otros países (por ejemplo, El cous cous es un platillo de
África del norte, tiene vegetales y diferentes tipos de carne. Usualmente lo
comes con un tipo especial de pan. En México, casi nunca lo comemos, pero
en el Medio Oriente la gente lo come todos los días, etc.).
GRAMÁTICA: Usar pronombres para substituir sustantivos.
Contenidos
Lee y nombra artesanías tradicionales del país propio (por ejemplo, alebrijes,
muñecas, maracas, máscaras, jarrones, etc.)
Da informacion básica acerca de los materiales (por ejemplo, Las máscaras
están hechas de madera, Las muñecas están hechas de tela, etc.)
Nota: tratar ‘is made of’ como una frase hecha, no presentar la voz pasiva en este
curso.
Contenidos
Actividades de aprendizaje
Hacer una lista de las partes del cuerpo (por ejemplo, Cabeza/dientes,
espalda, brazo, mano, dedo, pie pies etc.)
Describe problemas de salud (por ejemplo, yo tengo un dolor de cabeza/dolor
de espalda/ tos, garganta irritada, Mi pie me duele, me siento
enfermo/terrible/mejor/bien/fantástico/no puedo dormir, etc.)
Describir medicinas y remedios (por ejemplo, aspirina, pastillas para la tos,
crema para los músculos, vendaje, etc.)
VOCABULARIO: Partes del cuerpo y problemas de salud.
Cunningham, S., Moor, P., & Crace, A. (2013) Cutting edge. Elementary.
Student’s book. Harlow: Pearson.
Soars, L., Soars J. & Maris, A. (2011). New Headway. Elementary. Student’s
book. Oxford: Oxford University Press
Recursos de apoyo
Changes
https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/changes
Modals
https://elt.oup.com/student/livinggrammar/ele/b_practice/e_modals/1_1?cc=mx
&selLanguage=en&mode=hub
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/course/tgg/unit-1/session-26
Contenidos
Actividades de aprendizaje
Describir actividades escolares (por ejemplo, Tenemos inglés a las 10:30/ Voy
a hacer trabajo en equipo en la tarde/ Voy a estudiar para el examen, etc.)
Dar y recibir detalles (por ejemplo, Tenemos inglés a las 10:30. Es la clase en
el salón? No, es en el laboratorio. ¿Qué debemos llevar? El libro y una libreta.
Tienes razón, y la tarea. Muy bien, te veo a las 11:30, etc.)
Escribir las actividades escolares en la agenda planeadora (por ejemplo, La
clase de lectura es a las 5 pm en la biblioteca/ Almuerzo con Juan Pablo/
exposición, etc.)
PRONUNCIACIÓN: Notar las palabras que inician con /s/ (por ejemplo, study -
estudiar, school- escuela, Spanish -Español, science-ciencia, session- sesión).
Contenidos
Actividades de aprendizaje
Contenidos
Actividades de aprendizaje
Richards, J. C with J. Hull & S. Proctor (2017). Interchange Intro. Student’s Book
with online self-study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cunningham, S., Moor, P., & Crace, A. (2013) Cutting edge. Elementary.
Student’s book. Harlow: Pearson.
Soars, L., Soars J. & Maris, A. (2011). New Headway. Elementary. Student’s
book. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Recursos de apoyo
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-
learners/a2w003-giving-advice-to-a-friend
http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/learning-english/activities-for-
learners/a1w003-what-you-did-last-saturday
http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/pronunciation/tims-
pronunciation-workshop-ep-11
Perfil del docente sugerido
Perfil académico
De igual forma, debe ser sensible a las necesidades de las Escuelas de Formación
del Profesorado y promover un diálogo razonado e informado con sus
compañeros, autoridades y estudiantes para generar mecanismos de cambio
positivos respecto a la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera.
Nivel Académico
Obligatorio
Deseable
Experiencia profesional
Hattie, J. (2012). Visible learning for teachers. New York & London:
Routledge
Murray, G., Gao, X., & Lamb, T. (eds.) (2011). Identity, motivation and
autonomy in language learning. Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters.
Ormrod, J.E. (2008) Educational Psychology: Developing Learners
Boston: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon
http://visuwords.com/
www.eslvideo.com
http://lyricstraining.com/
www.busuu.com
http://intermediatelow.blogspot.com/
www.englishclub.com
www.topics-mag.com
www.readableblog.com
dictionary.cambridge.org
www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish
www.tefl.net
www.elllo.org