ISLAMIC EDUCATION

Source of Islamic teachings

Writers ,
Singgih Dwiki Yastio 17063068
Wahyu 17063070

Lecturer,
Al Ikhlas, Lc., MA

GENERAL COURSE
PADANG STATE UNIVERSITY
2019

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 Source of Islamic teachings
A. Introduction
Speaking of the Qur'an, it will never end. The Qur'an contains various stories from the
history of the past to the future, including Islamic laws, the secrets of the universe, and many
more.
The Qur'an is one of the great miracles of the Prophet Muhammad, because of the
descent of the Qur'an through his mediation, the Qur'an has a very important role for the
survival of mankind in the world. Why not, all human problems in the world can be found
mostly in the Qur'an. By karenannya then the Qur'an is believed to be the word of God which
became the source of the first Islamic law before the Hadith and became a source of teachings
for Islam.
The obligation of humans to believe, read, study, appreciate, and practice the teachings of
the Qur'an as a whole, and preach it (Surat al-'Ashr: 1-3). If we really believe in Allah SWT or
claim to be Muslim. Just reading it is rewarding, even the word Prophet says one letter contains
10 rewards, especially if you practice it.
Among scholars there is an agreement that the main sources of teaching are the Qur'an
and the Sunnah. While reasoning or reason as a tool to understand the Qur'an and the
Sunnah. This provision is in accordance with Islam itself as a revelation from Allah SWT whose
translation was carried out by the prophet Muhammad SAW. In the Qur'an (Surat an-nisa: 156)
we are encouraged to obey Allah and His Prophet, and ulil amri (leader). This obedience to Allah
and His Prophet contains the consequences of obedience to His provisions contained in the
Qur'an, and the provisions of the prophet Muhammad SAW contained in His Hadith.

B. Discussion

1. Definition of A l - Q u r 'an
Al-Qur'an is a holy book for Muslims that was revealed by Allah to the Prophet
Muhammad through the intermediary of the angel Gabriel. The Qur'an is the main legal
source of Islam and the life guidelines of Muslims. The Qur'an not only teaches about human
relations with God, but also teaches about human relations with fellow humans and also
nature. The understanding of the Qur'an is very broad, among others:
a. According Etiminology
There are several opinions about the understanding of the Qur'an in etymology,
including:
1. The word "Al-Qur'an" is a common form of the word "Qara'a" which means
"reading".
2. The word "Al-Qur'an" is an adjective of "Al-Qar'u" which means "Al-jam’u" which
means "collection".
3. The word Al-Qur'an is Isim Alam is not a formative word and from the beginning it
was used as a namakitab of the Muslim ummah.

b. According Terminology
According to Muhammad bin Muhammad Abu Syahbah in his book Al-Madkhal lidirasah
al-Qur'an al-karim said that:

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 "Al-Qur'an is the word of Allah Almighty which was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad,
who has the pronunciation of pronunciation, read it is worth worship, narrated mutawatir,
written in Mushaf, starting with surat al-fatihah and ending with Surat an-Nas."

2. The contents of the Qur'an

The contents of the Qur'an content can then be extracted and developed into various
fields. The outline is that includes:
a. Aqeedah.
Etymologically, aqidah means belief or belief. The plural form of the Aqeedah
('Aqeedah) is aqa'id. Akidah is also referred to as the term faith. The person who
berakidah means the person who believes (Mukmin). Aqeedah is defined as a belief that
must be believed with all my heart, expressed verbally and manifested in the form of
deeds.
Islamic theology is a belief based on Islamic teachings originating from the Qur'an
and hadith. A person who claims to be an Islamic believer does not only trust and believe
in his heart, but must state it verbally and must make it happen in the form of deeds
(good deeds) in his daily life.
The essence of the teachings of aqidah is the problem of monotheism, namely the
belief that Allah is the One. Every Muslim must believe in the Almighty of Allah. People
who do not believe in the Almighty of Allah SWT. means he is impressed, and if he
believes in the existence of God but Allah. called musyrik.
In the Islamic faith, in addition to the obligation to believe that Allah SWT. That is
Esa, there is also an obligation to believe in the other pillars of faith. It is not justified if
someone who claims to have faith / faith if he only believes in Allah alone, or believes
part of the pillars of faith alone.
The pillars of faith that are required to be believed are: faith in Allah SWT, faith in
the angels of God, faith in the books of Allah, faith in the Apostles of Allah, faith in the
last day, and faith in Qadla ' and Qadar.
Al-Qur'an explains a lot about the teachings of the faith contained in it, including the
following:
ْ‫هوْ ُقل‬ ُْ ّ ْ‫ أحد‬. ‫َللا‬
ُ ‫َللا‬ ُْ ّ ‫د‬ ّ ‫ ال‬. ْ‫ ُيولدْ ولمْ يلِدْ لم‬. ْ‫ه ي ُكنْ ولم‬
ُْ ‫صم‬ ُْ ‫أحدْ ُف ًواُُ ل‬
"Say (Muhammad peace be upon him)," In the eyes of Allah, the Almighty. Allah
Almighty is the place to ask for everything. (Allah SWT) does not have children and is not
begotten. And there is nothing equal to Him . Al-Ikhlas: 1-4)

"The Apostle (Muhammad) believed in what was revealed to the Qur'an from his
Lord, so did those who believed. All believe in Allah, His angels, His books and His
apostles. (They say), "We do not discriminate against any of His apostles." And they said,
"We hear and we obey. Forgive us our Lord, and unto you (our) place is returned.
” (Surah al-Baqarah: 285)

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 b. Worship and Muamalah.
Worship comes from the word 'Abada means to serve or worship. What is meant by
worship is worship or devotion entirely to Allah. by being submissive, obedient and
obedient to Him. Worship is a form of obedience and submission caused by the feeling of
being convinced of the greatness of Allah, as the only God who has the right to be
worshiped. Because of the belief that Allah SWT. have absolute power.
In the Qur'an, it is explained that the purpose of creating jinn and humans is to
worship Allah SWT. God's Word:
‫ت وما‬ ّْ ‫ج‬
ُْ ‫ن خلق‬ ِ ‫اْلنسْ ال‬ ّْ ‫ن‬
ِ ‫َلُُ و‬ ِْ ‫لِيع ُب ُدو‬
"I did not create jinn and humans but they worship Me." (Surah Adz Dzariyaat: 56)

Humans must realize that they exist because they were created by Allah, therefore
humans must be aware that they need Allah. And the need for Allah SWT. it is manifested
in the form of worshiping Him. Only to Him do men worship and ask for help. As the
name of Allah SWT .:
ْ‫د إِيّاك‬
ُْ ‫ين وإِيّاكْ نع ُب‬
ُْ ‫نست ِع‬
"Only to You we worship and only to You we ask for help." (Surah al-Fatihah: 5)

Worship can be divided into 2 types, namely: mahdah and ghairu mahdah
worship. Mahdah worship means special worship for which the procedure has been
determined, such as: prayer, fasting, zakat and Hajj. While worship ghairu mahdah means
worship that is of a general nature, the procedure is not specifically specified, which aims
to seek the pleasure of Allah SWT, for example: silaturrahim, working to find halal rizki
which is intended to worship, study, and so on.
Besides worshiping Allah SWT. because human consciousness as a creature created
by Allah SWT, humans also have a tendency to fulfill their needs with other humans.
Then the Qur'an not only gives teachings about worship as a manifestation of human
needs for Allah SWT. but also regulates how to meet other human needs with
relationships in life. (For example: sillaturrahim, buying and selling, accounts payable,
leasing, and other activities in community life. This activity in human relations is called
mu'amalah.
In the Qur'an there are many teachings about the procedures for bermu'amalah,
including:
‫مى أجلْ إِلىْ بِدينْ تداين ُتمْ إِذا آم ُنوا ال ّ ِذينْ أيُّها يا‬
ًّ ‫كاتِبْ بين ُكمْ وليك ُتبْ ُ فاك ُت ُبو ُْه ُمس‬
ِْ ‫بِالعد‬
‫ل‬
"O believers! If you make a debt for a specified time, you should write it down. And
let an writer among you write it carefully ... " (Surat al-Baqarah: 282)

c. Morals.
Morals are viewed in terms of etymology which means temperament, behavior,
character, or character. In terms of terminology, morals are traits embedded in the human
soul that appear spontaneously in the behavior of everyday life.

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 In the concept of Indonesian, morals are meant in terms of ethics or morals. Morals
are an important fundamental in the teachings of Islam, so that the Messenger of
Allah. asserted in a hadith that the purpose for which he was sent was to improve and
perfect noble character.
From Abu Hurairah said; Rasulullah saw. said: "That I was sent to perfect good
morals." (Narrated by Ahmad)
Prophet Muhammad SAW is a model and example for the people in behaving with
noble character (karimah). The Qur'an is a source of teachings about that noble
character. And he is a human who can apply the moral teachings of the Qur'an to his
personality. So it's natural when Aisyah Ra. asked by a friend about his morals, then
Aisyah ra. answer by stating he is moral (al-Qur'an).
The verses of the Koran which state the moral teachings of the Prophet
Muhammad. such as :
ُ
ْ‫ل فِي ل ُكمْ كانْ لقد‬ ِْ ّ ْ‫جو كانْ لِمنْ حسنةْ أسوة‬
ُ ‫َللا ر‬
ِْ ‫سو‬ ْ ّ ْ‫خرْ واليوم‬
ُ ‫َللا ير‬ ّْ ُ
ِ ‫َللا وذكرْ اْل‬
‫ثُِ ثِيرًا‬
"Indeed, there is at (the) Messenger of Allah a good example for you (that is) for
those who wish (mercy) Allah and (the coming of) the Day of Judgment and who
remember Allah Almighty." (Surat al-Ahzab: 21)

d. Law.
Law as one of the main contents of the teachings of the Qur'an contains basic and
comprehensive rules and provisions for mankind. The aim is to provide guidance to
humanity so that their lives become fair, safe, peaceful, orderly, prosperous, happy, and
safe in the world and in the hereafter.
As a source of Islamic teaching law, the Qur'an provides many legal provisions that
must be used as guidelines in establishing laws both globally (mujmal) and in detail
(tafsil). Some of the verses of the Qur'an that contain legal provisions include:
ِْ ‫اس بينْ لِتح ُكمْ بِالح‬
‫ق الكِتابْ إِليكْ أنزلنا إِنّا‬ ِْ ُْ ّ ُ ْ‫خْ لِلخائِنِينْ ت ُكنْ وَل‬
‫َللا أراكْ ا ُِ ُُُِ ال ّن‬
ً ‫صي‬
‫ما‬ ِ
"Indeed, We have sent down the Book (the Qur'an) to you (Muhammad PBUH)
bringing the truth, so that you will judge between humans and what Allah has taught. thee,
and thou shalt be penentang (innocent people), due to (defend) the traitor. "(QS. An-
Nisa ': 105)
Other legal provisions described in the verses of the Qur'an include:
i.Marriage law, among others, is explained in QS. al-Baqarah: 221; QS. al-Maidah:
5; QS. Nisa ': 22-24; QS. Nur: 2; QS. alMumtahanah: 10-11.
ii.The inheritance law, among others, is explained in QS. an-Nisa ': 7-12 and 176,
QS. al-Baqarah: 180; QS. al-Maidah: 106
iii.Agreement law, among others, is explained in QS. al-Baqarah: 279, 280 and
282; QS. al-Anfal: 56 and 58; QS. at-Taubah: 4
iv.Criminal law, among others, is explained in QS. al- Baqarah: 178; QS. anisa ':
92 and 93; QS. al-Maidah: 38; QS. Yanus: 27; QS. al-Isra ': 33; QS. ash-Syu'ara: 40

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 v.Law of war, among others, is explained in QS. al-Baqarah: 190-193; QS. al-Anfal:
39 and 41; QS. at-Taubah: 5.29 and 123, QS. al-Hajj: 39 and 40
vi.International law, among others, is explained in QS. al-Hujurat: 13

e. History / Story of Past People.

Al-Qur'an as a holy book for Muslims explains a lot about history or stories of people
in the past. History or stories are not just stories or fairy tales, but are intended to be
'ibrah (lessons) for Muslims.Ibrah can then be used as a guide to be able to live life so that
it is always in accordance with the instructions and the pleasure of Allah SWT.
ْ‫ص ِهمْ فِي كانْ لقد‬ ِ ‫ال ّ ِذي تْص ِديقْ ولكِنْ ُيفترىْ ح ِدي ًثا كانْ ما ُ اِللبابِْ ِِلُولِي‬
ِ ‫عبرةْ قص‬
ْ‫ه بين‬
ِْ ‫صيلْ يدي‬ِ ‫ه ًدى شيءْ ُ ُُُُُُُِ وتف‬ ُ ‫ةو‬ ًْ ‫ُيؤ ِم ُنونْ لِقومْ ورحم‬
"Indeed, in their stories there is teaching for people who have reason. (the Qur'an) is
not a contrived story, but justifies (we are b-kitab) the previous one, explains everything,
and (as) guidance and mercy for those who believe. " (Surah Yusuf: 111)

The Qur'an has portrayed many of the previous believers who were faithful and
obedient to Allah SWT. nor those who deny and obey Him. It is hoped that by paying
attention to the story of the previous people, Muslims can follow the example of devout
followers of Allah. and avoid acts of worship to Him.
For people who believe and obey Allah, Allah SWT. have given kindness and blessing
in their lives, on the contrary for those who deny and obey Him, Allah SWT. has given
His punishment.
ْ‫لْ نُوحْ وقوم‬
.‫سلْ ك ّذ ُبوا ّما‬ ُّ ْ‫هم‬
ُ ‫الر‬ ُ ‫همْ أغرقنا‬ ُ ‫ة لِل ّناسِْ وجعلنا‬ًْ ‫مينْ وأعتدنا ُ آي‬ ّ
ِ ِ‫ما عذابًا لِلظال‬ ً ‫ ألِي‬. ‫وعا ًدا‬
ْ‫مود‬ُ ‫ ثُِ ثِيرًاُ ذلِكْ بينْ و ُق ُرونًا ال ّرسِْ وأصحابْ وث‬. ‫ًل‬ًّ
ْ ‫ضُُُُُُْ و ُك‬. ‫ه‬ ُْ ‫ًل ُ اِلمثالْ ل‬ًّْ ‫تبّرنا و ُك‬
‫تتبِيرًا‬
"And (We destroyed) the people of Noah when they belied the apostles. W e
tenggelamkam them, and We made (the story) they were a lesson for humans. And We
have prepared for the wrongdoers a painful punishment. And (We destroyed) the people
of Ad and Samód and the inhabitants of Rass and many (more) generations among
them. And We have made each of them a parable, and each of us has destroyed the
destruction. " (Surat al-Furqan: 37-39)

f. Basics of Science (Science) and Technology.

The Qur'an is a scientific scripture. Many verses give signs of potential science and
technology to be developed for the benefit and welfare of human life. Allah SWT. the
Most giving knowledge has taught humanity to be able to live life and fulfill their life
needs well.
Al- Qur'an stresses the importance of mastering science and technology. It was
hinted at the time the verse of the Qur'an was first revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.
ِْ ‫ خلقْ الّ ِذي ربِكْ بِاس‬. ْ‫اْلنسانْ خلق‬
ْ‫م اقرأ‬ ِ ْ‫ علقْ ِمن‬. ْ‫م ربُّكُْو اقرأ‬ُْ ‫ اِلكر‬. ‫بِال علّمْ ال ّ ِذي‬
ِْ ‫ قل‬. ْ‫اْلنسانْ علّم‬
ُ‫م‬ ِ ‫يعلمْ لمْ ما‬

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 "Read (mentioning) the name of your Lord who created. He has created man from a
lump of blood. Read, and your Lord is the Mahamulia, who teaches (man) with a pen. He
teaches man what he does not know." (Surah al-'Alaq: 1-5)

The verse that was first revealed begins with the command to read. Reading is one of
the most important factors in the learning process to master a science. This indicates that
the Qur'an emphasizes the importance of reading in an effort to seek and master science.
Another verse which contains the urge to master science is also explained in QS. al-
Mujadalah verse 11.
‫حوا ل ُكمْ قِيلْ إِذا آم ُنوا ال ّ ِذينْ أيُّها يا‬ ّ ‫حوا المجالِسِْ فِي تف‬
ُ ‫س‬ ُ ‫حِ فافس‬ ُْ ّ ْ‫وإِذا ُ ل ُكم‬
ْ ‫َللا يفس‬
ّ ّ ُ
ْ‫ش ُزوا قِيل‬ُ ‫ش ُزوا ان‬ ُ ‫عِ فان‬ ُْ ّ ْ‫َللا ُ درجاتْ ال ِعلمْ أوتُوا وال ِذينْ ِمن ُكمْ آم ُنوا ال ِذين‬
ْ ‫َللا يرف‬ ُْ ّ ‫ا ُِ ُُُِ و‬
ْ‫خبِيرْ تعملُون‬
"O ye who believe if you are told to you:" Broadly wander in the assembly ", then
expel Allah will give space to you, and if it is said:" Stand ye ", then stand up, Allah will
exalt those who believe among you and those who are given knowledge a few degrees,
and Allah knows what you do. " (Surah al-Mujadalah: 11) .

3. Function and Role of the Qur'an

There are three functions or roles of the Koran which are very important for a Muslim
to understand, namely as a miracle, as a life guide, and as a corrector.
Al-Quran is a revelation from Allah (QS 7: 2) which functions as a miracle for the
Prophet Muhammad PBUH. (Qur'an 17:88; QS 10:38) as a way of life for every
Muslim (QS 4: 105; QS 5: 49-50; QS 45:20) and as a corrector or perfectionist of the books
that Allah has swt. lower down beforehand (Qur'an 5: 48,15; QS 16:64) , and eternal
value or apply throughout the ages.
Based on the definition or understanding, there are at least three functions or roles of
the Koran which are very important for a Muslim to understand, namely :
a. Ur'an Al- Q As a miracle
In Arabic, miracles come from the word 'ajz which means weak, the opposite of
qudrah (power). Whereas the i'jaz means proving weakness. Mu'jiz is something that
weakens or makes others become weak, helpless.
Every miracle usually comes down to challenge the situation of that era. When at the
time of Prophet Moses the sorcerers were very powerful and they reached the peak of
their abilities in magic, the Prophet Moses came with a miracle that was able to cripple the
deceit of the sorcerers. Doesn't a miracle mean that which is crippling or that which
makes it weak? Rasulullah saw. was also present in an age when Arabic literature reached
its height. He came with the Koran which had a high level of language style which was
able to paralyze all the poetry that existed at that time.
Syaikh Muhammad Abduh in his book Risâlah at-Tauhîd reveals how the height and
progress of Arabic language and literature when the Koran came down and how the
Koran defeated all these advantages, "The Qur'an was revealed at a time when historians
agreed that the period it was a very brilliant time in terms of language. At that time there

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were many literary experts and rhetoric (speeches). "Then he wrote about the challenges
of the Koran to the speech experts:" It is true that the Koran is a miracle. A long period
of time has passed, generations have come and gone, and the challenge of the Koran
remains valid, but no one can answer the challenge. All returned empty-handed, weak and
helpless. "
The beauty of the Koranic language style and the neatness of its wording cannot
be found in any Arabic books at that time and afterwards. That is why, the Koran is one
of the most important reasons for the entry of people at the time of the Prophet. and
afterwards into Islam, and become a source of guidance for people in the present and
the future. Umar bin Khathab entered Islam after hearing the Koran at the beginning of
the Thaâh letter which was read by his younger brother Fatima. Abul Walid, the
Quraysh diplomat at the time, was forced to quickly go home when he heard several
verses from the letter Fushshilat which the Prophet said. in response to persuasion and
diplomatic efforts. In fact, even an Abu Jahal, the person who was the most hostile
towards the Prophet, did not kill the Prophet for hearing Adh-Dhuha's letter which was
read by him.
In addition to the beauty of the language style, there are other very clear clues
that show that the Koran came from Allah SWT. with all its miracles. The verses relating
to science, for example, can convince anyone who wants to think that the Koran is the
words of Allah, it cannot be created by humans, especially the creation of the Prophet
Muhammad. the ummi (QS 7: 158) who lived at the beginning of the sixth century AD
(571-632 AD). Among these verses, for example: Surah 39: 6; QS 6: 125; Surah 23:
12,13,14; Surah 51:49; Surah 41: 11-41; Surah 21: 30-33; QS 51: 7.49, etc.
There are also verses related to history such as about power in Egypt, Negeri
Saba '. Thamud, 'Aad, Prophet Adam, Prophet Joseph, Prophet Dawood, Prophet
Sulaiman, Prophet Moses, and so on. These verses can give us confidence that the
Koran is God's revelation not a human creation. The verses that relate to specific
predictions which are later proven by history such as those of the Romans, the division
of Christianity, and others also prove to us again that the Koran is a revelation from
Allah SWT. delivered through oral His messenger. (QS 30: 2,3,4; QS 5:14).

b. A l -Q ur'an S sa P Guidelines for H cohabited

As a way of life, the Qur'an presents many points and general principles of
regulating the relationship between man and God and other creatures. In it there are
rules such as: worship directly to Allah SWT. (QS 2: 43,183,184,196,197; QS 11:
114) , family (QS 4: 3, 4,15,19,20,25; QS 2: 221; QS 24:32; QS 60: 10,11) ,
community (QS 4:58; QS 49: 10,13; QS 23:52; QS 8:46; QS 2: 143) , trade ( QS 2:
275,276,280; QS 4:29) , debts (QS 2: 282) , inheritance (QS 2: 180; QS 4: 7-12,176; QS
5: 106) , education and teaching (QS 3: 159; QS 4: 9,63; QS 31: 13-19; QS 26: 39,40) ,
criminal (QS 2: 178; QS 4: 92,93; QS 5:38; QS 10:27; QS 17:33; QS 26:40) , and other
aspects of life which by Allah Swt. guaranteed to be valid and can be suitable at any
place and at all times (Qur'an 7: 158; QS 34:28; QS 21: 107) .

8
 Every Muslim is instructed to do all the values in his life (Sura 2: 208; QS 6:
153; QS 9:51) . The attitude of choosing part and rejecting part of the value system is
seen by the Koran as a form of violation and sin (Qur'an 33:36) . Carrying it out is
considered worship (QS 4:69; QS 24:52; QS 33:71) , fighting for it is considered as a
holy struggle (Qur'an 61: 10-13; 9:41) , death is therefore considered a
martyrdom (Qur'an 3: 157,169) , hijrah because fighting for it is considered as high
dedication (QS 4: 100, QS 3: 195) , and does not want to carry it out judged as unjust,
fasiq, and infidels(QS 5: 44,45,47).

c. A l -Q ur'an S sa K orektor
As a corrector, Al-Quran reveals many of the issues discussed by the previous
holy books, such as the Torah and the Gospels which are considered no longer in
accordance with the teachings that have been revealed by Allah SWT. The discrepancy
concerns the history of certain people, laws, divine principles, and so on.
There are a number of examples of corrections revealed by the Koran against
these earlier books, including:
i.About the teachings of the Trinity (Qur'an 5:73)
ii.About Prophet Isa (QS 3: 49,59; QS 5: 72,76)
iii.About the events of the crucifixion of Prophet Isa (4: 157-158)
iv.About the Prophet Lut (Surah 29: 28-30; QS 7: 80-84) note (Genesis, 19: 33-36)
v.About the Prophet Aaron (Qur'an 20: 90-94) note (Exodus, 37: 2-4)
vi.About Prophet Solomon (QS 2: 102; QS 27: 15-44) note (Kings, 21: 4-5) and so on.

4. Miracles of the Qur'an .

a . Authenticity maintained
Al Quran is the only book in the world that is perfect and preserved its authenticity,
because it is itself who cares for it, as His Word says: "We are the ones who sent down the
Qur'an and indeed We truly looked after it." (al-Hijr: 9)
Al Quran is the only book that challenges infidels to make things like that. In the
Quran there are four times and the stages of resistance to humans.
1. God challenges to make something like the Qur'an, as stated in the letter Ath Thur
33-34
2. God humbles His challenge, which is only a few letters, listed in Chapter Hud 13
3. God challenges the third time, which is lighter than before. By making only one
letter. This is stated in the Qur'an of Jonah 38
4. And even this challenge, they are unable to fulfill it. So Allah challenges the last
challenge which is the lightest. That is, bringing such verses from the Qur'an. This is
stated in the letter Al Baqoroh verse 23.
Efforts to falsify the Koran or make things like the Qur'an have been carried out by
infidels since ancient times, but those efforts have never succeeded.

b . Memorized Many Humans

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 Al Quran is the only holy book memorized by many humans. Al Quran with a
number of pages reaching 600 pages can be memorized correctly and accurately, until the
letters per letter are even short in length. Al Quran can be memorized by people who
cannot speak Arabic, something that is not possible in other books.
Al Quran is able to be memorized by children who are still very young, Ibn Sina
Hafal Al-Quran aged 5 years, Ibn Khaldun Memorize Al-Quran age 7 years, Imam Syafi'I
Memorize Al-Quran when he was 7 years old, Imam Ath-Tabari memorized the Koran at
the age of 7 years, As-Suyuthi memorized the Koran before the age of 8 years, Ibn Hajar
al-Atsqalani memorized the Koran aged 9 years, Ibn Qudamah Memorized Al-Quran aged
10 years.
Really the word of God "And indeed we have made the Qur'an easy to remember,
does anyone want to remember it?" (Al-Qamar: 18). And also the word "And verily We
have made the Qur'an easy for lessons". [al-Qamar: 32]

c . In accordance with modern science

Al Quran is proven to be compatible with modern science. Many new scientific facts
have been revealed in this modern era and all of them have been mentioned in the Qur'an
more than 14 centuries ago. As an example we can read from a paper entitled "Overview
of human embryology in the Qur'an and Hadith" by Prof. Keith L. Moore, a professor of
anatomy from the University of Toronto, Canada, 1982. The article describes how the Al
Quran was able to describe the details of the embryo formation process very precisely,
when technology at that time had not reached it at all.
There are many other evidences that show the compatibility of the Qur'an with
modern science, can be seen in the writings of DR. Maurice Bucaile about "the bible, the
quran and sience" or the phenomenal collection of works by Harun Yahya.

d . High Literary Language Style

Al Quran was revealed in Arab land which at that time highly valued literature. Al
Quran comes down with a high language style that no one can match. And this was
acknowledged by the enemies of Islam at the time, such as the words of Al Walid bin
Mughirah, one of the prominent figures of Quraysh: "By Allah, this is not poetry and not
magic and not delusion of madmen, and indeed he is the Kalamullah who has sweetness
and beauty. And indeed he (the Qur'an) is very high (great) and does not exceed it ". [See
Ibn Kathir juz 4 p. 443].
Or in another editor, as written by Syaikh Syafiurrahman Al Mubarakfuri in his Siroh
book "For Allah's sake! Indeed the words he said were very sweet and beautiful. Its roots
are like grape bunches and branches are like shady trees. It is not for you to accuse him of
one of these things but will be known for his ignorance.

e . Being a medicine for both physical and non-physical diseases

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 "And We send down from the Qur'an a bidder and mercy for those who
believe". (Al-Israa ': 82)
Ibnul Qayyim in his book Zadul Ma'ad said: "The Qur'an is the perfect healer of all
diseases of the heart and body, as well as the diseases of the world and the hereafter. And
not everyone is given the expertise and taufiq to make it a medicine. If a consensual sick
person treats him and puts his pain in full honesty and faith, perfect acceptance, solid
conviction, and perfecting his requirements, surely any disease will not be able to deal
with it forever. How can this disease be able to face the Word of the Essence that has
heaven and earth. If it is revealed to the mountain, it will destroy it. Or be sent down to
the earth, then he will divide it. Then there is no type of disease, both liver and physical
disease, but in the Qur'an there is a way that guides the medicine and its cause (Zadul
Ma'ad, 4/287)

f . The Qur'an has a strong influence on the soul of man and jinn
Qur'an has a strong influence on the human psyche d an jin, many stories u lal
future and in the present have proven me a t his influence Koran on the human psyche.
The story of entering Islam Umar bin Khotob also starts from the touch of the Al
Quran into his soul. As told that one night Umar bin Khotob hid behind the curtain of
the Kabah and listened to the Prophet Muhammad recite the letter of Al Haqqah and
from that night the seeds of Islam began to be embedded in his chest. This seed
flourished when he read Toha's letter at his sister's residence.
As for (the strong influence on) jinn, then a group of jinn have said: "Say (O
Muhammad:" It has been revealed to me that: a group of jinns has heard (the Qur'an),
then they say: Surely we have heard the Qur'an "who wonders (who) guides the right way,
then we believe in him. And we will never associate any person with our Rabb." [al-Jin: 1-
2]

g . Telling the Past and Coming Very Right

The Qur'an has recounted past events and predicted future events very precisely. One
of them is the Al-Quran's prophecy about the victory of the Romans after having
experienced an error "Alif, Lam, Mim. The Romans had defeated, in the land closest to
them and after they were defeated it would win, in a few years (again). For Allah it is the
business before and after (they win). (Ar Rum 1-4)
Another prediction is the victory of the Muslims towards the Quraish infidel as
mentioned in the Qur'an "The group (ie the Quraysh kafir) will definitely be defeated and
they will retreat backwards". (al-Qamar: 45). At that time it seemed that the conditions
were very unlikely because Muslims were in a state of extreme hardship, had just been
boycotted, khodijah died, Abu Tholib died and Muslims were in a weak condition. But
God really showed his promise, where later the idolaters lost in the battle of Badr, they

11
 fled the battlefield. Al-Qur'an (also) reported a lot about unseen things, then happened
after that.

h . Read it Worth of Worship

‫من قرأ حرفا من كتاب هللا فله به حسنة والحسنة بعشر‬
‫أمثالها َل أقول الم حرف ولكن ألف حرف وَلم حرف وميم حرف‬

Whoever reads one letter from the Qur'an then for him one good and every good is
multiplied to tenfold. I do not say ‫ الــم‬is one letter, but ‫ ا‬one letter, ‫ ل‬one letter
and ‫ م‬one letter . [HR. Bukhari]

ْ‫خي ُر ُكمْ منْ تعلمْ ال ُقرآنْ وعلم ُه‬

"The best of you are people who study the Qur'an and teach it." [HR. Bukhari]

ُ
ِ ‫مْ البرر ِْة وال ِذي يقرْأ ال ُقرآنْ ويتتعت ُعْ فِي‬
ْ‫ه‬ ِ ‫ن معْ السفر ِةْ الكِرا‬ ِْ ‫ه ُْر بِال ُقرآ‬
ِ ‫الما‬
ُْ ‫ه شاق ل‬
ِْ ‫ه أجر‬
‫ان‬ ِْ ‫هوْ علي‬ ُ ‫و‬
"People who are proficient with the Qur'an with a noble angel, are people who read
the Koran teetering and he is excited (seriously, for him two rewards" [HR. Bukhari-
Muslim] .

5. The History of the Maintenance of the Qur'an (Jam'ul-Qur'an) .

What is meant by the definition of the Qur'anic Qur'an (collection of the Qur'an) by
the scholars is one of the following two meanings:
First: Collection in the sense of hifdzuhu (memorizing it in the heart). This is the
meaning intended in the word of God to the Prophet. The Prophet always moved his lips
and tongue to read the Qur'an when he came down to him before Gabriel read it out,
because he wanted to memorize it.
‫* فإذا قرأناه فاتبع قرءانه * إن علينا جمعه وقرءانه * َلتحرك به لسانك لتعجل به‬
‫ * ثم إن علينا بيانه‬- ‫ القيامة‬: 16-19 -
"Do not move your tongue to read the Qur'an because you want to quickly master
it. Indeed, it is our responsibility to collect it (in your container) and make you smart, read
it. If we have finished reading it, then follow the reading. Then on the responsibility we
explained (QS: Qiyamah: 16-19)
Second: Collection in the sense of kitabatuhu kullihi (Writing of the Qur'an all) either
by separating the verses and letters, or by disciplining the verses alone and each letter
written in one sheet separately, or disciplining the verses and letters - the letter in the
collected sheets that collected all the letters, some of which were written after the other
parts.
At the time of the Prophet the collection of the Qur'an during the Prophet's period
can be divided into two categories:
First: Collection in the chest in the form of memorization and appreciation /
expression. The Qur'an is revealed to the Messenger of Allāh dikenal, where he is known

12
to be an Ummi (unable to read and write), because he is a person who likes revelation, he
always waits for the revelation with longing, then every one that comes down is
memorized and understood, exactly what Allah SWT promised: in fact we have collected
it (in your dadah), and (made you smart), read it ". (Al-Qiyamah: 17). Therefore he is the
one who memorized the first and is the best example for his companions and followers.
The Qur'an was revealed in the process for twenty years more or less, which sometimes
descended only one verse or even ten verses, or did not come down at all.And every time
a verse comes down, is memorized in the chest and placed in the heart, because the Arabs
naturally have a strong memorization ability. That is because in general they are illiterate,
so in writing news, poems and genealogies, they do by writing in their hearts. In his
Saheeh book, Bukhari has stated about the existence of seven hafidz, through three
narrations. They were Abdullah bin Mas'ud, Salim bin Ma'qal a former slave, Abu
Huzaifah, muaz bin Jabal, Ubai bin Ka'ab, Zaid bin Sabit, Abu Zaid bin Sakan and Abu
Darda '.poems and genealogies, they do by writing in their hearts. In his Saheeh book,
Bukhari has stated about the existence of seven hafidz, through three narrations. They
were Abdullah bin Mas'ud, Salim bin Ma'qal a former slave, Abu Huzaifah, muaz bin
Jabal, Ubai bin Ka'ab, Zaid bin Sabit, Abu Zaid bin Sakan and Abu Darda '.poems and
genealogies, they do by writing in their hearts. In his Saheeh book, Bukhari has stated
about the existence of seven hafidz, through three narrations. They were Abdullah bin
Mas'ud, Salim bin Ma'qal a former slave, Abu Huzaifah, muaz bin Jabal, Ubai bin Ka'ab,
Zaid bin Sabit, Abu Zaid bin Sakan and Abu Darda '.
Second: Collection in the form of notes, writing in the book or in the form of
carvings. The Messenger of Allah has appointed the writers of Qur'anic revelations from
prominent friends, such as Ali bin Abi Talib, Mu'awiyah, Ubai bin Ka'b and Zaid bin Abi
Talib. When the verse goes down, he orders them to write down and show the place of
the verse in the letter so that the writing on the sheet helps memorize it in the heart. And
without being instructed beside them they wrote the verses on the fronds of palm leaves,
stone slabs, palm leaves, bark or leaves of wood, saddles, cut the bones of animals.
At the time of Abu Bakr As-siddiq the Prophet passed away to Rahmatullah after he
delivered the minutes and mandates, inviting his followers to go straight. After the death
of power was held by Abu Bakar As-Siddiq ra. During his reign he had many calamities,
various kinds of difficulties and complex problems, including fighting apostates, who were
among the Muslims themselves, fighting followers of Musailamah Al-Kadzdab War of
Yamamah was a very fierce war. Many friends who memorized the Qur'an and the Al-
Qur'an reading experts who were martyrs were less than 70 famous huffadz. Because
Muslims are confused and worried. Umar bin Khattab was concerned then he met Abu
Bakr who was in a state of sadness and pain.Umar proposed to collect the Qur'an for fear
of disappearing with the many huffadz who died. Abu Bakr first hesitated, after hearing
Umar's explanation, and Allah paved Abu Bakr's chest to carry out this noble task. He
sent Zaid bin Thabit and proposed a problem, and told him to immediately handle and
collect the Qur'an in one Mushhaf. At first, Zaid also felt doubtful, then he was stretched
by Allah on his chest just as Allah made the chest of Abu Bakr and Umar paved.and told

13
 him to immediately handle and collect the Qur'an in one Mushhaf. At first, Zaid also felt
doubtful, then he was stretched by Allah on his chest just as Allah made the chest of Abu
Bakr and Umar paved.and told him to immediately handle and collect the Qur'an in one
Mushhaf. At first, Zaid also felt doubtful, then he was stretched by Allah on his chest just
as Allah made the chest of Abu Bakr and Umar paved.
Why is the Qur'an not recorded in one mushhaf Here we ask: "Why was the Qur'an
at the time of the Prophet SAW not recorded in one mushhaf ? The answer:
First: The Qur'an is not revealed not at once, but gradually and separately, it is not
possible to record before the whole is finished.
Second: Some verses are manipulated, if the verse goes down which states nasakh,
then how can the bus be recorded at one time.
Third: The arrangement of verses and letters is not based on the order of
descent. Some verses have come down at the last moment of revelation but the order is
placed at the beginning of the letter, which of course requires changes in the composition
of writing.
Fourth: The period of the revelation took place with the death of the Prophet
Muhammad was very close / short. As former neighbor Nuzul Qur'an, the final verse of
Al-Baqarah: 281, stated: ‫ واتقوا يوما ترجعون فيه إلى هللا‬... Then the Prophet b erpulang
to Rahmatullah after nine days of decline in the verse. Thus the period of downtime is
very short which does not allow to compile or record before perfect revelation.
Fifth: There is no motivation to encourage collecting the Qur'an into one mushhaf as
it arose during Abu Bakr's time. Muslims at that time were in normal condition, so many
experts in the Qur'an, many slanders were overcome. Different Jam'ul Qur'an at the time
of Uthman bin Affan The Qur'anic hours began to be collected, namely in the year 25 H.
In this period, Islam began to spread and expand, and the Qurras were widely distributed
in various regions, and the population in each of these regions studied Qir'aat from Qarri
sent to them. The recited Qur'an differs according to the difference with the letters

C. Conclusion
The Qur'an is the main source of Islamic teachings. The Qur'an is the revelation of
Allah revealed to His Messenger, Prophet Muhammad SAW. The Qur'an presents the highest
level in terms of human life. It was amazing not only for believers, but also for unbelievers. The
Qur'an was first revealed on the 17th of Ramadan (Nuzulul Qur'an). The first revelation is Alaq,
verses 1-5.
In the Qur'an it is explained that Islam is the name of the religion of Allah delivered by
the prophets and also the Prophet Muhammad (Surah al Maidah: 3) Islam is the essence of the
religion of Allah (QS ali imron: 19).
The function or role of the Koran which is very important to be understood by a
Muslim, namely the Qur'an serves as a miracle for the Prophet Muhammad saw, as Kalamullah,
as a Source of Islamic Law, as a way of life for every Muslim, and as a corrector or perfector of
the books ever Allah SWT. eternal value or valid throughout the ages.

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Al-Khallaf Al-Wahhab, Science of Usul Al-Fiqh Jakarta: Al-Majelis Al-A'la Al-Indonesia Li Al

Da'wah Al-Islamiyah, 1972
Al-Qaththan Manna ', Egyptian Epicenter of' Ulum Al-Qur'an : Mensyurat Al-'Ashr Al TT Hadith
Al-Zarqoni, Manahil Al-Arfan Fi 'Ulum Al-Qur'an Egypt: Isa Al-Baby, TT
Kaelany HD, Islam Universal Religion (Revised Edition), Midada Rahma Press, 2009
Nata Abuddin, Methodology of Islamic Studies , Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, 2004

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