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Lecturas Elementales 2010. Inglés I PDF

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41 views

Lecturas Elementales 2010. Inglés I PDF

Uploaded by

David Steef Hacking
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL POLITÉCNICA


"ANTONIO JOSÉ DE SUCRE"
VICERRECTORADO BARQUISIMETO
DEPARTAMENTO DE ESTUDIOS BÁSICOS
SECCIÓN DE ASIGNATURAS GENERALES

GUIA DE LECTURAS ELEMENTALES

INGLÉS TÉCNICO I

2010-1

Prof. Ana Beatriz Cordero

Prof. Adriana Gómez


FLOURINE ELEMENTS

There are many reasons why organic compounds are


fluorinated, most of which may be understood in terms of
fluorine’s unique atomic properties. Fluorine is the most
electronegative of all elements and it has one of the
highest ionization potentials. The low polarizability and
relatively small size of the fluorine atom also affect
electronic and bonding properties.

Many physical and spectroscopic properties are affected


by these factors, including boiling point, dielectric
constant, surface tension, density, viscosity, critical
temperature and UV absorption. Fluorination can
dramatically alter the solvent properties of an organic molecule. Lipophilicity, which is an important
property in biological systems, may be dramatically affected by fluorination, particularly when the
fluorine is placed near a heteroatom in the molecule.

Fluorine is the most electronegative of all the elements and it has one of the highest ionization
potentials, which means that a fluorine substituent has a strong electron-withdrawing affect on
chemical bonds.

WELDING PROCESS

Welding process for joining separate pieces of metal in a


continuous metallic bond. Cold-pressure welding is accomplished
by the application of high pressure at room temperature; forge
welding (forging) is done by means of hammering, with the
addition of heat. In most processes in common use, the metal at
the points to be joined is melted; additional molten metal is added
as a filler, and the bond is allowed to cool. In the Thomson
process, resistance to an electric current, passed through the
sections to be joined, causes them to melt.

Other notable methods include the thermite process,


oxyacetylene, electric arc, oxyhydrogen, and the atomic hydrogen
flame. In this last-named method, molecules of hydrogen gas
passing through an electric arc are broken up into atoms of hydrogen by absorbing energy; when
outside the arc, the atoms reunite into molecules, yielding in the process enough heat to weld the
material. Another process, the argon-arc method, is widely used with metals such as stainless steel,
aluminum, magnesium, and titanium, which require an inert atmosphere for successful welding. The
use of argon prevents slag from forming in the weld and greatly increases the speed of the welding.
HOW TO RECEIVE SATELLITE DIGITAL VIDEO BROADCASTS

Equipment needed

You will need a computer with DTV (digital TV) card. This is connected by cable to a satellite dish,
which should be between 60 cm and 1.8 m in a diameter. This dish must have a feed horn. This
converts high-frequency signals to low-frequency ones.

How it works

There is a communications satellite in orbit high above the Earth. TV programmes are transmitted
from TV stations up to the satellite, which then sends the signals down the Earth. These signals have
a high frequency of several GHz.

Your dish receives the high-frequency signals and reflects them to feed horn, which then converts the
signal into a lower frequency.

The feed horn is connected via cable to the DTV card, which processes the signal. It extracts the
video and audio, and plays them via the PC monitor speakers.
How does the solar power system work?

The panel converts the Sun’s energy into a DC electric current. The current flows to the
controller. Then it can flow from the controller to the lamps. Or it can flow from the
controller into the battery. The battery stores the electricity. The current can flow from the
battery into the lamps through the controller.

If the Sun shines, the DC current can flow from the panel, through the controller and into
the lamps. If the Sun doesn’t shine, the current can flow from the battery, through the
controller and into the lamps. If the lamps are off, the current can flow from the panel,
through the controller, and into the battery.

The controller controls the flow of the current. If the battery is full, the controller stops the
flow from the panel into the battery. If the battery is empty, the controller stops the flow
from the battery into the lamps.
The Racing Car

This racing car is made


from the latest high-tech
engineering materials. It’s
made from metals alloys,
ceramics, plastics and
composites. Many
materials in the car are
light, but very strong.

The nose cone of the


vehicle is made of strong,
light fiberglass. The spoiler
and the wings are made
from two materials. The
inner core is light, it’s
made of polystyrene. The
outer skin is hard and
made of fiberglass. The
frame is light but very
tough and rigid. It’s made
of cromoly, a steel alloy.
The radiator is made of
aluminium. The aluminium
is coated with ceramic.
These two materials are
corrosion-resistant. The
engine and pistons are
made of a light aluminium
alloy. Each piston inside
the engine is coated with a
heat-resistant ceramic.
The wheels are made of a
strong, light aluminium
alloy. The tires are made
of a tough rubber
composite.
References

http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/welding.aspx#1E1-welding

http://www.halocarbon.com/NewsEvents/TechnicalArticles/Fluorine101.php

Bonamy, D. (2008) Technical English 1.

Bonamy, D. (2008) Technical English 2.

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