Project Report

Techno Task Management

XXXXXXX

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PREFACE

In a company where the hierarchy of employees spans over thousand

managing the work with them is a difficult job. And in an environment where
number of jobs is done simultaneously picking the right person for the job is also
difficult task, as you are not aware of their availability. This online task
management system application is designed for such an environment where the
work is divided into group of employees and during the course of division the
employees are selected to be part of the work in hand.

This online task management system software being a web based is easily
accessible from any corner of the company as every machine is part of a LAN
network. The reason why it is made as a web application rather than a window
based application if for the same reason. The complete task is divided into two
types of users. Administrator (Highest authority), Manager (working group
Community). The activities underlying these sections are as per the company
policies.

This online task management system application provides most of the

features required to manage the tasks developed in a firm.

This online task management system volume presents the manner in

which the software was developed and how the various problems are tackled at
the different levels to convince the user.

We hope that online task management system project report this

online task management system package would prove to be an excellent
environment to make Project Management simpler for end user.

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Enter Your Name

CONTENTS

1) INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION TO xxx
 PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT
 PROBLEM IN EXISTING SYSTEM
 SOLUTION OF THESE PROBLEMS
 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

2) PROJECT ANALYSIS
 STUDY OF THE SYSTEM
 HARDWARE & SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS
 INPUT & OUTPUT
 PROCESS MODELS USED WITH JUSTIFICATION

3) SELECTED SOFTWARE

4) SOFTWARE REQUIRMENT SPECIFICATION

 FUNCIONAL REQUIREMENTS
 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

5) PROJECT DESIGN
 DATA DICTIONARY
 E-R DIAGRAM
 DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

6) OUTPUT SCREENS

7) PROJECT TESTING
 COMPILING TEST
 EXECUTION TEST
 OUTPUT TEST

7) FUTURE IMPROVEMENT

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9) CONCLUSION

10) BIBLOGRAPHY

INTRODUCITON

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Xxx SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS

xxx Software Solutions is an IT solution provider for a dynamic

environment where business and technology strategies converge.
Their approach focuses on new ways of business combining IT
innovation and adoption while also leveraging an organization’s
current IT assets. Their work with large global corporations and
new products or services and to implement prudent business and
technology strategies in today’s environment.

xxx’s range of expertise includes :

 Software Development Services

 Engineering Services
 Systems Integration
 Customer Relationship Management
 Product Development
 Electronic Commerce
 Consulting
 IT Outsourcing
We apply technology with innovation and responsibility to achieve
two broad objectives:

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 Effectively address the business issues our customers face

today.
 Generate new opportunities that online task management
system project report will help them stay ahead in the future.

This online task management system approach rests on :

 A strategy where we architect, integrate and manage

technology services and solutions - we call it AIM for success.
 A robust offshore development methodology and reduced
demand on customer resources.
 A focus on the use of reusable frameworks to provide cost and
times benefits.

They combine the best people, processes and technology to achieve

excellent results - consistency. We offer customers the advantages
of:

Speed:
They understand the importance of timing, of getting
there before the competition. A rich portfolio of reusable, modular
frameworks helps jump-start projects. Tried and tested
methodology ensures that online task management system project
report we follow a predictable, low - risk path to achieve results.

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Our track record is testimony to complex projects delivered within
and evens before schedule.

Expertise:
Our teams combine cutting edge technology skills with
rich domain expertise. What’s equally important - they share a
strong customer orientation that online task management system
project report means they actually start by listening to the
customer. They’re focused on coming up with solutions that online
task management system project report serve customer
requirements today and anticipate future needs.

A full service portfolio:

They offer customers the advantage of being
able to Architect, integrate and manage technology services. This
online task management system means that online task
management system project report they can rely on one, fully
accountable source instead of trying to integrate disparate multi
vendor solutions.

Services:

Xxx is providing it’s services to companies which are in the

field of production, quality control etc With their rich expertise and
experience and information technology they are in best position to
provide software solutions to distinct business requirements.

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INTRODUCTION

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1) PURPOSE OF THE PROJECT

 To develop a common interface for different sections of

the firm.
 The system should provide help in managing different
tasks as well as the employees associated with the work.
 Instant status of involvements of a person in the task.
 To provide all the available members to be part of the
team and easy selection procedure to make them
available when required.
 Security to the confidential information.
 Reduce the redundancy of making the entries of the
activities which are done manually.
 To speed up the processing with in the firm.

2) PROBLEMS IN THE EXISTING SYSTEM

 The current system is a manual one where in the

company maintains all the information in the form of

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records. There by collecting necessary information with
require a manual search in the record(s).
 Transfer of information between different sections of the
enterprise is in the form of documents or letters. Drafting
letters will take time.
 Selection of a person for a task is done by manually
approaching the person and confirming the availability of
the person.
 Due to mismanagement the work is delayed to later date
than the due date.
 Unavailability of proper information to different levels of
employees with in the firm.

3) SOLUTION OF THESE PROBLENS

 The information of the entire firm will be maintained at a

centralized data base any changes made by the other
departs are known to the higher or lower departments
instantly.
 Provide Interactive interface through which a user can
interact with different areas of application easily
 Deploy the application on a single system and make is
available on all the systems with in the network, there by
reducing the maintenance cost of software.

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 Notification regarding the task allocation is done via a
email which is a part of the application.

4) SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

 Although the current system is confined to only one firm its

performance is limited and restricted to the company. It
spans over all the departments which can reach the server
from their systems though lan network.
 The application is made as simple as surfing a website.
There by non technical persons can also interact with the
processing on the application easily.
 Provides instant information regarding the work under
process with in the company.
 Easy management of data as located at a server.

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5) HARDWARE & SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS

 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:

PIII 500MHZ or above

128MB RAM
100MB Free Hard disk space
STD Color Monitor
Network interface card or Modem (For Remote Sources)
LAN Network (For Remote Sources)

 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:

WINDOWS NT 4 | 2000 | 9.X | ME

Visual Studio .Net 2002 Enterprise Edition
Internet Information Server 5.0
Visual Studio .Net Framework (Minimal for Deployment)
SQL Server 2000

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PROJECT ANALYSIS

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1) STUDY OF THE SYSTEM

The complete system can be divided into three halves on basis of

access levels.

A) Administrator
B) Manager
Administrator:
An administrator is the main controller of the application.
When compared to other types of users an administrator has an
additional privilege to create new users manage applications and
provide notifications. An administrator creates a new task, evey
newly created task is placed in a specific group and is marked with
status as open. Using the manage user Assignment the

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administrator will create of team of an individual person will be
allotted with the task to be carried out.
Using the My preferences settings the creator will
automatically get notified when ever the created task is changes. It
also involves the display settings such as what kind if task list
should be displayed whenever the user logs in and the no of tasks
that online task management system project report should be
shown when the user views the initial page. The preferences
settings also includes the sorting of the available tasks based on
various parameters, such as task types to display and their
respective order. An administrator can also create new category of
task lists, into which the future tasks can be placed.
The user management sections involve creating new
users and managing existing users in terms of privilege given to
them and changing passwords.
Application configuration involves placing the task list
category with a status values. The different statuses are open,
closed, in progress, intermediate etc.
Notification section includes the mechanism to notify the
user with the proper message related to the tasks.
User:
A User is a restricted member of the application where in the
user has the privileges to create new tasks manage the tasks and
change the status of the application or placement of the application
from one category to other category, it doesn’t posses the option of
creating new users and management of applications.

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ACCESS CONTROL FOR DATA WHICH REQUIRE USER

AUTHENTICATION

The following commands specify access control

identifiers and they are typically used to authorize and authenticate
the user (command codes are
shown in parentheses)

USER NAME (USER)

 The user identification is that online task management
system project report which is required by the server for
access to its file system. This online task management
system command will normally be the first command
transmitted by the user after the control connections are
made (some servers may require this online task
management system).
PASSWORD (PASS)
 This online task management system command must be
immediately preceded by the user name command, and,
for some sites, completes the user's identification for
access control. Since password information is quite
sensitive, it is desirable in general to "mask" it or
suppress type out.

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION:

The software, Techno Task Management is designed for

management of the tasks with in a management environment of an
organization.

INTRODUCTION

Purpose: The main purpose for preparing this online task

management system document is to give a general insight into the

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analysis and requirements of the existing system or situation and
for determining the operating characteristics of the system.

Scope: This online task management system Document plays a

vital role in the development life cycle (SDLC)
As it describes the complete requirement of the system. It is meant
for use by the developers and will be the basic during testing phase.
Any changes made to the requirements in the future will have to go
through formal change approval process.

Developers Responsibilities Overview:

The developer is responsible for:

1) Developing the system, which meets the SRS and solving all the
requirements of the system?

2) Demonstrating the system and installing the system at client's

location after the acceptance testing is successful.

3) Submitting the required user manual describing the system

interfaces to work on it and also the documents of the system.

4) Conducting any user training that online task management

system project report might be needed for using the system.

5) Maintaining the system for a period of one year after installation.

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Functional Requirements:

OUTPUT DESIGN

Outputs from computer systems are required primarily to

communicate the results of processing to users. They are also used
to provides a permanent copy of the results for later consultation.
The various types of outputs in general are:

 . External Outputs, whose destination is outside the

organisation.
 . Internal Outputs whose destination is with in organisation
and they are the
 user’s main interface with the computer.
 . operational outputs whose use is purely with in the computer
department.
 . Interface outputs, which involve the user in communicating
directly with

Output Definition

The outputs should be defined in terms of the

following points:

. Type of the output

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. Content of the output
. Format of the output
Location of the output
.Frequency of the output
.Volume of the output
.Sequence of the output

It is not always desirable to print or display data as it is

held on a computer. It should be decided as which form of the
output is the most suitable.

For Example
. Will decimal points need to be inserted
. should leading zeros be suppressed.

Output Media:

In the next stage it is to be decided that online task

management system project report which medium is the most
appropriate for the output. The main considerations when decideing
about the output media are:

.The suitability for the device to the particular application.

.The need for a hard copy.
.The response time required.

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.The location of the users
.The software and hardware available.
The cost.

Keeping in view the above description the project is to

have outputs mainly coming under the category of internal outputs.
The main outputs desired according to the requirement
specification are:

The outputs were needed to be generated as a hot copy and as well

as queries to be viewed on the screen. Keeping in view these
outputs, the format for the output is taken from the outputs, which
are currently beeing obtained after manual processing. The
standard printer is to be used as output media for hard copies.

INPUT DESIGN

Input design is a part of overall system design. The main objective

during the input desing is as given below:

 To produce a cost-effective method of input.

 To achive the highest possible level of accuracy.
 To ensure that online task management system project
report the input is acceptable and understood by the user.

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INPUT STAGES:

The main input stages can be listed as below:

 Data recording
 Data transcription
 Data conversion
 Data verification
 Data control
 Data transmission
 Data validation
 Data correction

INPUT TYPES:

It is necessary to determine the various types of inputs.

Inputs can be categorized as follows:

 External inputs, which are prime inputs for the system.

 Internal inputs, which are user communications with the
system.
 Operational, which are computer department’s
communications to the system?
 Interactive, which are inputs entered during a dialogue.

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INPUT MEDIA:

At this online task management system stage choice has to be

made about the input media. To conclude about the input media
consideration has to be given to;

 Type of input
 Flexibility of format
 Speed
 Accuracy
 Verification methods
 Rejection rates
 Ease of correction
 Storage and handling requirements
 Security
 Easy to use
 Portabilility

Keeping in view the above description of the input types and

input media, it can be said that online task management system
project report most of the inputs are of the form of internal and
interactive. As
Input data is to be the directly keyed in by the user, the keyboard
can be considered to be the most suitable input device.

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ERROR AVOIDANCE

At this online task management system stage care is to be

taken to ensure that online task management system project report
input data remains accurate form the stage at which it is recorded
upto the stage in which the data is accepted by the system. This
online task management system can be achieved only by means of
careful control each time the data is handled.

ERROR DETECTION

Even though every effort is make to avoud the occurrence of

errors, still a small proportion of errors is always likely to occur,
these types of errors can be discovered by using validations to
check the input data.

DATA VALIDATION

Procedures are designed to detect errors in data at a lower

level of detail. Data validations have been included in the system in
almost every area where there is a possibllity for the user to commit
errors. The system will not accept invalid data. Whenever an
invalid data is keyed in, the system immediately propts the user
and the user has to again key in the data and the system will

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accept the data only if the data is correct. Validations have been
included where necessary.

The system is designed to be a user friendly one. In other

words the system has been designed to communicate effectively
with the user. The system has been designed with pop up menus.

USERINTERGFACE DESIGN

It is essential to consult the system users and discuss their

needs while designing the user interface:

USER INTERFACE SYSTEMS CAN BE BROADLY CLASIFIED AS:

1. User initiated interface the user is in charge, controlling the

progress of the user/computer dialogue. In the computer-
initiated interface, the computer selects the next stage in
the interaction.
2. Computer initiated interfaces

In the computer initiated interfaces the computer guides the

progress of the user/computer dialogue. Information is
displayed and the user response of the computer takes action
or displays further information.

USER_INITIATED INTERGFACES

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User initiated interfaces fall into tow approximate classes:

1. Command driven interfaces: In this online task

management system type of interface the user inputs
commands or queries which are interpreted by the
computer.
2. Forms oriented interface: The user calls up an image
of the form to his/her screen and fills in the form. The
forms oriented interface is chosen because it is the
best choice.

COMPUTER-INITIATED INTERFACES

The following computer – initiated interfaces were used:

1. The menu system for the user is presented with a list

of alternatives and the user chooses one; of
alternatives.
2. Questions – answer type dialog system where the
computer asks question and takes action based on the
basis of the users reply.

Right from the start the system is going to be menu driven, the
opening menu displays the available options. Choosing one option
gives another popup menu with more options. In this online task

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management system way every option leads the users to data entry
form where the user can key in the data.

ERROR MESSAGE DESIGN:

The design of error messages is an important part of the user

interface design. As user is bound to commit some errors or other
while designing a system the system should be designed to be
helpful by providing the user with information regarding the error
he/she has committed.

This online task management system application must be

able to produce output at different modules for different inputs.

Performance Requirements:

Performance is measured in terms of the output provided by the

application.

Requirement specification plays an important part in the

analysis of a system. Only when the requirement specifications are
properly given, it is possible to design a system, which will fit into
required environment. It rests largely in the part of the users of the
existing system to give the requirement specifications because they
are the people who finally use the system. This online task
management system is because the requirements have to be known
during the initial stages so that online task management system
project report the system can be designed according to those

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requirements. It is very difficult to change the system once it has
been designed and on the other hand designing a system, which
does not cater to the requirements of the user, is of no use.

The requirement specification for any system can be broadly

stated as given below:

 The system should be able to interface with the existing

system
 The system should be accurate
 The system should be better than the existing system

The existing system is completely dependent on the staff to perform

all the duties.

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SELECTED SOFTWARE

Microsoft.NET Framework
The .NET Framework is a new computing platform that online task

management system project report simplifies application

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development in the highly distributed environment of the Internet.

The .NET Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives:

 To provide a consistent object-oriented programming

environment whether object code is stored and executed
locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or executed
remotely.

 To provide a code-execution environment that online task

management system project report minimizes software
deployment and versioning conflicts.

 To provide a code-execution environment that online task

management system project report guarantees safe execution
of code, including code created by an unknown or semi-
trusted third party.

 To provide a code-execution environment that online task

management system project report eliminates the performance
problems of scripted or interpreted environments.

 To make the developer experience consistent across widely

varying types of applications, such as Windows-based
applications and Web-based applications.

 To build all communication on industry standards to ensure

that online task management system project report code based
on the .NET Framework can integrate with any other code.

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The .NET Framework has two main components: the common

language runtime and the .NET Framework class library. The

common language runtime is the foundation of the .NET

Framework. You can think of the runtime as an agent that online

task management system project report manages code at execution

time, providing core services such as memory management, thread

management, and remoting, while also enforcing strict type safety

and other forms of code accuracy that online task management

system project report ensure security and robustness. In fact, the

concept of code management is a fundamental principle of the

runtime. Code that online task management system project report

targets the runtime is known as managed code, while code that

online task management system project report does not target the

runtime is known as unmanaged code. The class library, the other

main component of the .NET Framework, is a comprehensive,

object-oriented collection of reusable types that online task

management system project report you can use to develop

applications ranging from traditional command-line or graphical

user interface (GUI) applications to applications based on the latest

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innovations provided by ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML

Web services.

The .NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components

that online task management system project report load the

common language runtime into their processes and initiate the

execution of managed code, thereby creating a software

environment that online task management system project report

can exploit both managed and unmanaged features. The .NET

Framework not only provides several runtime hosts, but also

supports the development of third-party runtime hosts.

For example, ASP.NET hosts the runtime to provide a scalable,

server-side environment for managed code. ASP.NET works directly

with the runtime to enable Web Forms applications and XML Web

services, both of which are discussed later in this online task

management system topic.

Internet Explorer is an example of an unmanaged application that

online task management system project report hosts the runtime (in

the form of a MIME type extension). Using Internet Explorer to host

the runtime enables you to embed managed components or

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Windows Forms controls in HTML documents. Hosting the runtime

in this online task management system way makes managed mobile

code (similar to Microsoft® ActiveX® controls) possible, but with

significant improvements that online task management system

project report only managed code can offer, such as semi-trusted

execution and secure isolated file storage.

The following illustration shows the relationship of the common

language runtime and the class library to your applications and to

the overall system. The illustration also shows how managed code

operates within a larger architecture.

Features of the Common Language Runtime

The common language runtime manages memory, thread execution,

code execution, code safety verification, compilation, and other

system services. These features are intrinsic to the managed code

that online task management system project report runs on the

common language runtime.

With regards to security, managed components are awarded varying

degrees of trust, depending on a number of factors that online task

management system project report include their origin (such as the

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Internet, enterprise network, or local computer). This online task

management system means that online task management system

project report a managed component might or might not be able to

perform file-access operations, registry-access operations, or other

sensitive functions, even if it is being used in the same active

application.

The runtime enforces code access security. For example, users can

trust that online task management system project report an

executable embedded in a Web page can play an animation on

screen or sing a song, but cannot access their personal data, file

system, or network. The security features of the runtime thus

enable legitimate Internet-deployed software to be exceptionally

feature rich.

The runtime also enforces code robustness by implementing a strict

type- and code-verification infrastructure called the common type

system (CTS). The CTS ensures that online task management

system project report all managed code is self-describing. The

various Microsoft and third-party language compilers

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Generate managed code that online task management system

project report conforms to the CTS. This online task management

system means that online task management system project report

managed code can consume other managed types and instances,

while strictly enforcing type fidelity and type safety.

In addition, the managed environment of the runtime eliminates

many common software issues. For example, the runtime

automatically handles object layout and manages references to

objects, releasing them when they are no longer being used. This

online task management system automatic memory management

resolves the two most common application errors, memory leaks

and invalid memory references.

The runtime also accelerates developer productivity. For example,

programmers can write applications in their development language

of choice, yet take full advantage of the runtime, the class library,

and components written in other languages by other developers.

Any compiler vendor who chooses to target the runtime can do so.

Language compilers that online task management system project

report target the .NET Framework make the features of the .NET

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Framework available to existing code written in that online task

management system project report language, greatly easing the

migration process for existing applications.

While the runtime is designed for the software of the future, it also

supports software of today and yesterday. Interoperability between

managed and unmanaged code enables developers to continue to

use necessary COM components and DLLs.

The runtime is designed to enhance performance. Although the

common language runtime provides many standard runtime

services, managed code is never interpreted. A feature called just-

in-time (JIT) compiling enables all managed code to run in the

native machine language of the system on which it is executing.

Meanwhile, the memory manager removes the possibilities of

fragmented memory and increases memory locality-of-reference to

further increase performance.

Finally, the runtime can be hosted by high-performance, server-side

applications, such as Microsoft® SQL Server™ and Internet

Information Services (IIS). This online task management system

infrastructure enables you to use managed code to write your

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business logic, while still enjoying the superior performance of the

industry's best enterprise servers that online task management

system project report support runtime hosting.

.NET Framework Class Library

The .NET Framework class library is a collection of reusable types

that online task management system project report tightly integrate

with the common language runtime. The class library is object

oriented, providing types from which your own managed code can

derive functionality. This online task management system not only

makes the .NET Framework types easy to use, but also reduces the

time associated with learning new

features of the .NET Framework. In addition, third-party

components can integrate seamlessly with classes in the .NET

Framework.

For example, the .NET Framework collection classes implement a

set of interfaces that online task management system project report

you can use to develop your own collection classes. Your collection

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classes will blend seamlessly with the classes in the .NET

Framework.

As you would expect from an object-oriented class library, the .NET

Framework types enable you to accomplish a range of common

programming tasks, including tasks such as string management,

data collection, database connectivity, and file access. In addition to

these common tasks, the class library includes types that online

task management system project report support a variety of

specialized development scenarios. For example, you can use the

.NET Framework to develop the following types of applications and

services:

 Console applications.

 Scripted or hosted applications.

 Windows GUI applications (Windows Forms).

 ASP.NET applications.

 XML Web services.

 Windows services.

For example, the Windows Forms classes are a comprehensive set

of reusable types that online task management system project

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report vastly simplify Windows GUI development. If you write an

ASP.NET Web Form application, you can use the Web Forms

classes.

Client Application Development

Client applications are the closest to a traditional style of

application in Windows-based programming. These are the types of

applications that online task management system project report

display windows or forms on the desktop, enabling a user to

perform a task. Client applications include applications such as

word processors and spreadsheets, as well as custom business

applications such as data-entry tools, reporting tools, and so on.

Client applications usually employ windows, menus, buttons, and

other GUI elements, and they likely access local resources such as

the file system and peripherals such as printers.

Another kind of client application is the traditional ActiveX control

(now replaced by the managed Windows Forms control) deployed

over the Internet as a Web page. This online task management

system application is much like other client applications: it is

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executed natively, has access to local resources, and includes

graphical elements.

In the past, developers created such applications using C/C++ in

conjunction with the Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) or with a

rapid application development (RAD) environment such as

Microsoft® Visual Basic®. The .NET Framework incorporates

aspects of these existing products into a single, consistent

development environment that online task management system

project report drastically simplifies the development of client

applications.

The Windows Forms classes contained in the .NET Framework are

designed to be used for GUI development. You can easily create

command windows, buttons, menus, toolbars, and other screen

elements with the flexibility necessary to accommodate shifting

business needs.

For example, the .NET Framework provides simple properties to

adjust visual attributes associated with forms. In some cases the

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underlying operating system does not support changing these

attributes directly, and in these cases the .NET Framework

automatically recreates the forms. This online task management

system is one of many ways in which the .NET Framework

integrates the developer interface, making coding simpler and more

consistent.

Unlike ActiveX controls, Windows Forms controls have semi-trusted

access to a user's computer. This online task management system

means that online task management system project report binary or

natively executing code can access some of the resources on the

user's system (such as GUI elements and limited file access)

without being able to access or compromise other resources.

Because of code access security, many applications that online task

management system project report once needed to be installed on a

user's system can now be safely deployed through the Web. Your

applications can implement the features of a local application while

being deployed like a Web page.

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C#.NET

Introduction to Windows Forms (C#.NET)

ACTIVE X DATA OBJECTS.NET

ADO.NET Overview

ADO.NET is an evolution of the ADO data access model that online

task management system project report directly addresses user
requirements for developing scalable applications. It was designed
specifically for the web with scalability, statelessness, and XML in
mind.

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ADO.NET uses some ADO objects, such as the Connection and
Command objects, and also introduces new objects. Key new
ADO.NET objects include the DataSet, DataReader, and
DataAdapter.

The important distinction between this online task management

system evolved stage of ADO.NET and previous data architectures is
that online task management system project report there exists an
object -- the DataSet -- that online task management system
project report is separate and distinct from any data stores.
Because of that online task management system project report, the
DataSet functions as a standalone entity. You can think of the
DataSet as an always disconnected recordset that online task
management system project report knows nothing about the source
or destination of the data it contains. Inside a DataSet, much like
in a database, there are tables, columns, relationships, constraints,
views, and so forth.

A DataAdapter is the object that online task management system

project report connects to the database to fill the DataSet. Then, it
connects back to the database to update the data there, based on
operations performed while the DataSet held the data. In the past,
data processing has been primarily connection-based. Now, in an
effort to make multi-tiered apps more efficient, data processing is
turning to a message-based approach that online task management
system project report revolves around chunks of information. At the
center of this online task management system approach is the

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DataAdapter, which provides a bridge to retrieve and save data
between a DataSet and its source data store. It accomplishes this
online task management system by means of requests to the
appropriate SQL commands made against the data store.

The XML-based DataSet object provides a consistent programming

model that online task management system project report works
with all models of data storage: flat, relational, and hierarchical. It
does this online task management system by having no 'knowledge'
of the source of its data, and by representing the data that online
task management system project report it holds as collections and
data types. No matter what the source of the data within the
DataSet is, it is manipulated through the same set of standard APIs
exposed through the DataSet and its subordinate objects.

While the DataSet has no knowledge of the source of its data, the
managed provider has detailed and specific information. The role of
the managed provider is to connect, fill, and persist the DataSet to
and from data stores. The OLE DB and SQL Server .NET Data
Providers (System.Data.OleDb and System.Data.SqlClient) that
online task management system project report are part of the .Net
Framework provide four basic objects: the Command, Connection,
DataReader and DataAdapter. In the remaining sections of this
online task management system document, we'll walk through each
part of the DataSet and the OLE DB/SQL Server .NET Data
Providers explaining what they are, and how to program against
them.

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The following sections will introduce you to some objects that online
task management system project report have evolved, and some
that online task management system project report are new. These
objects are:

 Connections. For connection to and managing transactions

against a database.

 Commands. For issuing SQL commands against a database.

 DataReaders. For reading a forward-only stream of data

records from a SQL Server data source.

 DataSets. For storing, remoting and programming against

flat data, XML data and relational data.

 DataAdapters. For pushing data into a DataSet, and

reconciling data against a database.

When dealing with connections to a database, there are two

different options: SQL Server .NET Data Provider
(System.Data.SqlClient) and OLE DB .NET Data Provider
(System.Data.OleDb). In these samples we will use the SQL
Server .NET Data Provider. These are written to talk directly to
Microsoft SQL Server. The OLE DB .NET Data Provider is used to
talk to any OLE DB provider (as it uses OLE DB underneath).

Connections

Connections are used to 'talk to' databases, and are respresented

by provider-specific classes such as SQLConnection. Commands

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travel over connections and resultsets are returned in the form of
streams which can be read by a DataReader object, or pushed into
a DataSet object.

Commands

Commands contain the information that online task management

system project report is submitted to a database, and are
represented by provider-specific classes such as SQLCommand. A
command can be a stored procedure call, an UPDATE statement, or
a statement that online task management system project report
returns results. You can also use input and output parameters, and
return values as part of your command syntax. The example below
shows how to issue an INSERT statement against the Northwind
database.

DataReaders

The DataReader object is somewhat synonymous with a read-

only/forward-only cursor over data. The DataReader API supports
flat as well as hierarchical data. A DataReader object is returned
after executing a command against a database. The format of the
returned DataReader object is different from a recordset. For
example, you might use the DataReader to show the results of a
search list in a web page.

DataSets and DataAdapters

DataSets
The DataSet object is similar to the ADO Recordset object, but

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more powerful, and with one other important distinction: the
DataSet is always disconnected. The DataSet object represents a
cache of data, with database-like structures such as tables,
columns, relationships, and constraints. However, though a
DataSet can and does behave much like a database, it is important
to remember that online task management system project report
DataSet objects do not interact directly with databases, or other
source data. This online task management system allows the
developer to work with a programming model that online task
management system project report is always consistent, regardless
of where the source data resides. Data coming from a database, an
XML file, from code, or user input can all be placed into DataSet
objects. Then, as changes are made to the DataSet they can be
tracked and verified before updating the source data. The
GetChanges method of the DataSet object actually creates a
second DatSet that online task management system project report
contains only the changes to the data. This online task
management system DataSet is then used by a DataAdapter (or
other objects) to update the original data source.

The DataSet has many XML characteristics, including the ability to

produce and consume XML data and XML schemas. XML schemas
can be used to describe schemas interchanged via WebServices. In
fact, a DataSet with a schema can actually be compiled for type
safety and statement completion.

DataAdapters (OLEDB/SQL)

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The DataAdapter object works as a bridge between the DataSet
and the source data. Using the provider-specific SqlDataAdapter
(along with its associated SqlCommand and SqlConnection) can
increase overall performance when working with a Microsoft SQL
Server databases. For other OLE DB-supported databases, you
would use the OleDbDataAdapter object and its associated
OleDbCommand and OleDbConnection objects.

The DataAdapter object uses commands to update the data source

after changes have been made to the DataSet. Using the Fill
method of the DataAdapter calls the SELECT command; using the
Update method calls the INSERT, UPDATE or DELETE command
for each changed row. You can explicitly set these commands in
order to control the statements used at runtime to resolve changes,
including the use of stored procedures. For ad-hoc scenarios, a
CommandBuilder object can generate these at run-time based
upon a select statement. However, this online task management
system run-time generation requires an extra round-trip to the
server in order to gather required metadata, so explicitly providing
the INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE commands at design time will
result in better run-time performance.

1. ADO.NET is the next evolution of ADO for the .Net

Framework.

2. ADO.NET was created with n-Tier, statelessness and XML in

the forefront. Two new objects, the DataSet and
DataAdapter, are provided for these scenarios.

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3. ADO.NET can be used to get data from a stream, or to store
data in a cache for updates.

4. There is a lot more information about ADO.NET in the

documentation.

5. Remember, you can execute a command directly against the

database in order to do inserts, updates, and deletes. You
don't need to first put data into a DataSet in order to insert,
update, or delete it.

6. Also, you can use a DataSet to bind to the data, move

through the data, and navigate data relationships

ASP.Net
Server Application Development
Server-side applications in the managed world are implemented through
runtime hosts. Unmanaged applications host the common language
runtime, which allows your custom managed code to control the behavior
of the server. This online task management system model provides you
with all the features of the common language runtime and class library
while gaining the performance and scalability of the host server.

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The following illustration shows a basic network schema with managed
code running in different server environments. Servers such as IIS and
SQL Server can perform standard operations while your application logic
executes through the managed code.

Server-side managed code

ASP.NET is the hosting environment that online task management

system project report enables developers to use the .NET Framework to
target Web-based applications. However, ASP.NET is more than just a
runtime host; it is a complete architecture for developing Web sites and
Internet-distributed objects using managed code. Both Web Forms and
XML Web services use IIS and ASP.NET as the publishing mechanism for
applications, and both have a collection of supporting classes in the .NET
Framework.

XML Web services, an important evolution in Web-based technology, are

distributed, server-side application components similar to common Web
sites. However, unlike Web-based applications, XML Web services
components have no UI and are not targeted for browsers such as
Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. Instead, XML Web services
consist of reusable software components designed to be consumed by
other applications, such as traditional client applications, Web-based
applications, or even other XML Web services. As a result, XML Web
services technology is rapidly moving application development and
deployment into the highly distributed environment of the Internet.

If you have used earlier versions of ASP technology, you will immediately
notice the improvements that online task management system project
report ASP.NET and Web Forms offers. For example, you can develop

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Web Forms pages in any language that online task management system
project report supports the .NET Framework. In addition, your code no
longer needs to share the same file with your HTTP text (although it can
continue to do so if you prefer). Web Forms pages execute in native
machine language because, like any other managed application, they
take full advantage of the runtime. In contrast, unmanaged ASP pages
are always scripted and interpreted. ASP.NET pages are faster, more
functional, and easier to develop than unmanaged ASP pages because
they interact with the runtime like any managed application.

The .NET Framework also provides a collection of classes and tools to aid
in development and consumption of XML Web services applications. XML
Web services are built on standards such as SOAP (a remote procedure-
call protocol), XML (an extensible data format), and WSDL ( the Web
Services Description Language). The .NET Framework is built on these
standards to promote interoperability with non-Microsoft solutions.

For example, the Web Services Description Language tool included with
the .NET Framework SDK can query an XML Web service published on
the Web, parse its WSDL description, and produce C# or Visual Basic
source code that online task management system project report your
application can use to become a client of the XML Web service. The
source code can create classes derived from classes in the class library
that online task management system project report handle all the
underlying communication using SOAP and XML parsing. Although you
can use the class library to consume XML Web services directly, the Web
Services Description Language tool and the other tools contained in the
SDK facilitate your development efforts with the .NET Framework.

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If you develop and publish your own XML Web service, the .NET
Framework provides a set of classes that online task management
system project report conform to all the underlying communication
standards, such as SOAP, WSDL, and XML. Using those classes enables
you to focus on the logic of your service, without concerning yourself
with the communications infrastructure required by distributed software
development.

Finally, like Web Forms pages in the managed environment, your XML
Web service will run with the speed of native machine language using the
scalable communication of IIS.

Active Server Pages.NET

ASP.NET is a programming framework built on the common

language runtime that online task management system project report
can be used on a server to build powerful Web applications. ASP.NET
offers several important advantages over previous Web development
models:

 Enhanced Performance. ASP.NET is compiled common

language runtime code running on the server. Unlike its interpreted
predecessors, ASP.NET can take advantage of early binding, just-in-time
compilation, native optimization, and caching services right out of the
box. This online task management system amounts to dramatically
better performance before you ever write a line of code.

 World-Class Tool Support. The ASP.NET framework is

complemented by a rich toolbox and designer in the Visual Studio
integrated development environment. WYSIWYG editing, drag-and-drop

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server controls, and automatic deployment are just a few of the features
this online task management system powerful tool provides.

 Power and Flexibility. Because ASP.NET is based on the

common language runtime, the power and flexibility of that online task
management system project report entire platform is available to Web
application developers. The .NET Framework class library, Messaging,
and Data Access solutions are all seamlessly accessible from the Web.
ASP.NET is also language-independent, so you can choose the language
that online task management system project report best applies to your
application or partition your application across many languages.
Further, common language runtime interoperability guarantees that
online task management system project report your existing investment
in COM-based development is preserved when migrating to ASP.NET.

 Simplicity. ASP.NET makes it easy to perform common

tasks, from simple form submission and client authentication to
deployment and site configuration. For example, the ASP.NET page
framework allows you to build user interfaces that online task
management system project report cleanly separate application logic
from presentation code and to handle events in a simple, Visual Basic -
like forms processing model. Additionally, the common language runtime
simplifies development, with managed code services such as automatic
reference counting and garbage collection.

 Manageability. ASP.NET employs a text-based, hierarchical

configuration system, which simplifies applying settings to your server
environment and Web applications. Because configuration information is
stored as plain text, new settings may be applied without the aid of local

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administration tools. This online task management system "zero local
administration" philosophy extends to deploying ASP.NET Framework
applications as well. An ASP.NET Framework application is deployed to a
server simply by copying the necessary files to the server. No server
restart is required, even to deploy or replace running compiled code.

 Scalability and Availability. ASP.NET has been designed

with scalability in mind, with features specifically tailored to improve
performance in clustered and multiprocessor environments. Further,
processes are closely monitored and managed by the ASP.NET runtime,
so that online task management system project report if one misbehaves
(leaks, deadlocks), a new process can be created in its place, which helps
keep your application constantly available to handle requests.

 Customizability and Extensibility. ASP.NET delivers a well-

factored architecture that online task management system project report
allows developers to "plug-in" their code at the appropriate level. In fact,
it is possible to extend or replace any subcomponent of the ASP.NET
runtime with your own custom-written component. Implementing
custom authentication or state services has never been easier.

 Security. With built in Windows authentication and per-

application configuration, you can be assured that online task
management system project report your applications are secure.

Language Support

The Microsoft .NET Platform currently offers built-in support for

three languages: C#, Visual Basic, and JScript.

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What is ASP.NET Web Forms?

The ASP.NET Web Forms page framework is a scalable common

language runtime programming model that online task management
system project report can be used on the server to dynamically generate
Web pages.

Intended as a logical evolution of ASP (ASP.NET provides syntax

compatibility with existing pages), the ASP.NET Web Forms framework
has been specifically designed to address a number of key deficiencies in
the previous model. In particular, it provides:

 The ability to create and use reusable UI controls that online

task management system project report can encapsulate common
functionality and thus reduce the amount of code that online task
management system project report a page developer has to write.

 The ability for developers to cleanly structure their page logic

in an orderly fashion (not "spaghetti code").

 The ability for development tools to provide strong WYSIWYG

design support for pages (existing ASP code is opaque to tools).

ASP.NET Web Forms pages are text files with an .aspx file name
extension. They can be deployed throughout an IIS virtual root directory
tree. When a browser client requests .aspx resources, the ASP.NET
runtime parses and compiles the target file into a .NET Framework class.
This online task management system class can then be used to
dynamically process incoming requests. (Note that online task
management system project report the .aspx file is compiled only the first
time it is accessed; the compiled type instance is then reused across
multiple requests).

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An ASP.NET page can be created simply by taking an existing
HTML file and changing its file name extension to .aspx (no modification
of code is required). For example, the following sample demonstrates a
simple HTML page that online task management system project report
collects a user's name and category preference and then performs a form
postback to the originating page when a button is clicked:

ASP.NET provides syntax compatibility with existing ASP pages.

This online task management system includes support for <% %> code
render blocks that online task management system project report can be
intermixed with HTML content within an .aspx file. These code blocks
execute in a top-down manner at page render time.

Code-Behind Web Forms

ASP.NET supports two methods of authoring dynamic pages. The

first is the method shown in the preceding samples, where the page code
is physically declared within the originating .aspx file. An alternative
approach--known as the code-behind method--enables the page code to
be more cleanly separated from the HTML content into an entirely
separate file.

Introduction to ASP.NET Server Controls

In addition to (or instead of) using <% %> code blocks to program
dynamic content, ASP.NET page developers can use ASP.NET server
controls to program Web pages. Server controls are declared within an
.aspx file using custom tags or intrinsic HTML tags that online task
management system project report contain a runat="server" attribute
value. Intrinsic HTML tags are handled by one of the controls in the

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System.Web.UI.HtmlControls namespace. Any tag that online task
management system project report doesn't explicitly map to one of the
controls is assigned the type of
System.Web.UI.HtmlControls.HtmlGenericControl.

Server controls automatically maintain any client-entered values

between round trips to the server. This online task management system
control state is not stored on the server (it is instead stored within an
<input type="hidden"> form field that online task management system
project report is round-tripped between requests). Note also that online
task management system project report no client-side script is required.

In addition to supporting standard HTML input controls, ASP.NET

enables developers to utilize richer custom controls on their pages. For
example, the following sample demonstrates how the <asp:adrotator>
control can be used to dynamically display rotating ads on a page.

1. ASP.NET Web Forms provide an easy and powerful way to

build dynamic Web UI.

2. ASP.NET Web Forms pages can target any browser client

(there are no script library or cookie requirements).

3. ASP.NET Web Forms pages provide syntax compatibility with

existing ASP pages.

4. ASP.NET server controls provide an easy way to encapsulate

common functionality.

5. ASP.NET ships with 45 built-in server controls. Developers

can also use controls built by third parties.

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6. ASP.NET server controls can automatically project both
uplevel and downlevel HTML.

7. ASP.NET templates provide an easy way to customize the look

and feel of list server controls.

8. ASP.NET validation controls provide an easy way to do

declarative client or server data validation.

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SQL SERVER

DATABASE

A database management, or DBMS, gives the user access to

their data and helps them transform the data into information.
Such database management systems include dBase, paradox, IMS,
Sql Server and SQL Server. These systems allow users to create,
update and extract information from their database.

A database is a structured collection of data. Data refers to

the characteristics of people, things and events. SQL Server stores
each data item in its own fields. In SQL Server, the fields relating to
a particular person, thing or event are bundled together to form a
single complete unit of data, called a record (it can also be referred
to as raw or an occurrence). Each record is made up of a number
of fields. No two fields in a record can have the same field name.

During an SQL Server Database design project, the analysis of

your business needs identifies all the fields or attributes of interest.
If your business needs change over time, you define any additional
fields or change the definition of existing fields.

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SQL Server Tables

SQL Server stores records relating to each other in a table.
Different tables are created for the various groups of information.
Related tables are grouped together to form a database.

Primary Key
Every table in SQL Server has a field or a combination of fields
that online task management system project report uniquely
identifies each record in the table. The Unique identifier is called
the Primary Key, or simply the Key. The primary key provides the
means to distinguish one record from all other in a table. It allows
the user and the database system to identify, locate and refer to one
particular record in the database.

Relational Database
Sometimes all the information of interest to a business
operation can be stored in one table. SQL Server makes it very easy
to link the data in multiple tables. Matching an employee to the
department in which they work is one example. This online task
management system is what makes SQL Server a relational
database management system, or RDBMS. It stores data in two or
more tables and enables you to define relationships between the
table and enables you to define relationships between the tables.

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Foreign Key
When a field is one table matches the primary key of another
field is referred to as a foreign key. A foreign key is a field or a
group of fields in one table whose values match those of the primary
key of another table.

Referential Integrity
Not only does SQL Server allow you to link multiple tables, it
also maintains consistency between them. Ensuring that online
task management system project report the data among related
tables is correctly matched is referred to as maintaining referential
integrity.

Data Abstraction
A major purpose of a database system is to provide users with
an abstract view of the data. This online task management system
system hides certain details of how the data is stored and
maintained. Data abstraction is divided into three levels.

Physical level: This online task management system is the lowest

level of abstraction at which one describes how the data are
actually stored.

Conceptual Level: At this online task management system level of

database abstraction all the attributed and what data are actually
stored is described and entries and relationship among them.

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View level: This online task management system is the highest

level of abstraction at which one describes only part of the
database.

Advantages of RDBMS

 Redundancy can be avoided

 Inconsistency can be eliminated
 Data can be Shared
 Standards can be enforced
 Security restrictions ca be applied
 Integrity can be maintained
 Conflicting requirements can be balanced
 Data independence can be achieved.

Disadvantages of DBMS

A significant disadvantage of the DBMS system is cost. In

addition to the cost of purchasing of developing the software, the
hardware has to be upgraded to allow for the extensive programs
and the workspace required for their execution and storage. While
centralization reduces duplication, the lack of duplication requires
that online task management system project report the database be
adequately backed up so that online task management system
project report in case of failure the data can be recovered.

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FEATURES OF SQL SERVER (RDBMS)

SQL SERVER is one of the leading database management

systems (DBMS) because it is the only Database that online task
management system project report meets the uncompromising
requirements of today’s most demanding information systems.
From complex decision support systems (DSS) to the most rigorous
online transaction processing (OLTP) application, even application
that online task management system project report require
simultaneous DSS and OLTP access to the same critical data, SQL
Server leads the industry in both performance and capability

SQL SERVER is a truly portable, distributed, and open DBMS that

online task management system project report delivers unmatched
performance, continuous operation and support for every database.

SQL SERVER RDBMS is high performance fault tolerant DBMS

which is specially designed for online transactions processing and
for handling large database application.

SQL SERVER with transactions processing option offers two

features which contribute to very high level of transaction
processing throughput, which are

 The row level lock manager

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Enterprise wide Data Sharing

The unrivaled portability and connectivity of the SQL SERVER
DBMS enables all the systems in the organization to be linked into
a singular, integrated computing resource.

Portability
SQL SERVER is fully portable to more than 80 distinct
hardware and operating systems platforms, including UNIX,
MSDOS, OS/2, Macintosh and dozens of proprietary platforms.
This online task management system portability gives complete
freedom to choose the database sever platform that online task
management system project report meets the system requirements.

Open Systems
SQL SERVER offers a leading implementation of industry –
standard SQL. SQL Server’s open architecture integrates SQL
SERVER and non –SQL SERVER DBMS with industries most
comprehensive collection of tools, application, and third party
software products SQL Server’s Open architecture provides
transparent access to data from other relational database and even
non-relational database.

Distributed Data Sharing

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SQL Server’s networking and distributed database capabilities
to access data stored on remote server with the same ease as if the
information was stored on a single local computer. A single SQL
statement can access data at multiple sites. You can store data
where system requirements such as performance, security or
availability dictate.

Unmatched Performance
The most advanced architecture in the industry allows the
SQL SERVER DBMS to deliver unmatched performance.

Sophisticated Concurrency Control

Real World applications demand access to critical data. With
most database Systems application becomes “contention bound” –
which performance is limited not by the CPU power or by disk I/O,
but user waiting on one another for data access . SQL Server
employs full, unrestricted row-level locking and contention free
queries to minimize and in many cases entirely eliminates
contention wait times.

No I/O Bottlenecks
SQL Server’s fast commit groups commit and deferred write
technologies dramatically reduce disk I/O bottlenecks. While some
database write whole data block to disk at commit time, SQL Server
commits transactions with at most sequential log file on disk at

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commit time, On high throughput systems, one sequential writes
typically group commit multiple transactions. Data read by the
transaction remains as shared memory so that online task
management system project report other transactions may access
that online task management system project report data without
reading it again from disk. Since fast commits write all data
necessary to the recovery to the log file, modified blocks are written
back to the database independently of the transaction commit,
when written from memory to disk.

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PROJECT DESIGN

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PARADIGM APPLIED- (RAD-MODEL)

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The two design objectives continuously sought by developers are
reliability and maintenance.
Reliable System
There are two levels of reliability. The first is meeting the
right requirements. A careful and through systems study is needed
to satisfy this online task management system aspect of reliability.
The second level of systems reliability involves the actual working
delivered to the user. At this online task management system level,
the systems reliability is interwoven with software engineering and
development. There are three approaches to reliability.

1. Error avoidance: Prevents errors from occurring in software.

2. Error detection and correction: In this online task
management system approach errors are recognized whenever
they are encountered and correcting the error by effect of error,
of the system does not fail.
3. Error tolerance: In this online task management system
approach errors are recognized whenever they occur, but enables
the system to keep running through degraded perform or by
applying values that online task management system project
report instruct the system to continue process.

Maintenance:
The key to reducing need for maintenance, while working, if
possible to do essential tasks.

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1. More accurately defining user requirement during system
development.
2. Assembling better systems documentation.
3. Using more effective methods for designing, processing, login and
communicating information with project team members.
4. Making better use of existing tools and techniques.
5. Managing system engineering process effectively.

Output Design:
One of the most important factors of an information system for
the user is the output the system produces. Without the quality of
the output, the entire system may appear unnecessary that online
task management system project report will make us avoid using it
possibly causing it to fail. Designing the output should process the
in an organized well throughout the manner. The right output
must be developed while ensuring that online task management
system project report each output element is designed so that
online task management system project report people will find the
system easy to use effectively.
The term output applying to information produced by an
information system whether printed or displayed while designing
the output we should identify the specific output that online task
management system project report is needed to information
requirements select a method to present the formation and create a
document report or other formats that online task management
system project report contains produced by the system.

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Types of output:

Whether the output is formatted report or a simple listing of the

contents of a file, a computer process will produce the output.

 A Document
 A Message
 Retrieval from a data store
 Transmission from a process or system activity
 Directly from an output sources

Layout Design:

It is an arrangement of items on the output medium. The layouts

are building a

mock up of the actual reports or document, as it will appear after

the system is in operation. The output layout has been designated
to cover information. The outputs are presented in the appendix.

Input design and control:

Input specifications describe the manner in which data enter
the system for processing. Input design features will ensure the
reliability of the systems and produce results from accurate data, or
thus can be

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result in the production of erroneous information. The input design
also determines whenever the user can interact efficiently with this
online task management system system.

Objectives of input design:

Input design consists of developing specifications and procedures
for data preparation, the steps necessary to put transaction data
into a usable from for processing and data entry, the activity of
data into the computer processing. The five objectives of input
design are:

 Controlling the amount of input

 Avoiding delay
 Avoiding error in data
 Avoiding extra steps
 Keeping the process simple

Controlling the amount of input:

Data preparation and data entry operation depend on people,

because labour costs are high, the cost of preparing and entering
data is also high. Reducing data requirement expense. By
reducing input requirement the speed of entire process from data
capturing to processing to provide results to users.

Avoiding delay:

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The processing delay resulting from data preparation or data
entry operations is called bottlenecks. Avoiding bottlenecks
should be one objective of input.

Avoiding errors:
Through input validation we control the errors in the input
data.
Avoiding extra steps:
The designer should avoid the input design that online task
management system project report cause extra steps in
processing saving or adding a single step in large number of
transactions saves a lot of processing time or takes more time to
process.

Keeping process simple:

If controls are more people may feel difficult in using the
systems. The best-designed system fits the people who use it in a
way that online task management system project report is
comfortable for them.

NORMALIZATION

It is a process of converting a relation to a standard form. The

process is used to handle the problems that online task
management system project report can arise due to data
redundancy i.e. repetition of data in the database, maintain data
integrity as well as handling problems that online task management

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system project report can arise due to insertion, updation, deletion
anomalies.

Decomposing is the process of splitting relations into multiple

relations to eliminate anomalies and maintain anomalies and
maintain data integrity. To do this online task management system
we use normal forms or rules for structuring relation.

Insertion anomaly: Inability to add data to the database due to

absence of other data.

Deletion anomaly: Unintended loss of data due to deletion of other

data.

Update anomaly: Data inconsistency resulting from data

redundancy and partial update

Normal Forms: These are the rules for structuring relations that
online task management system project report eliminate anomalies.

First Normal Form:

A relation is said to be in first normal form if the values in the

relation are atomic for every attribute in the relation. By this online
task management system we mean simply that online task
management system project report no attribute value can be a set
of values or, as it is sometimes expressed, a repeating group.

Second Normal Form:

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A relation is said to be in second Normal form is it is in first
normal form and it should satisfy any one of the following rules.

1) Primary key is a not a composite primary key

2) No non key attributes are present
3) Every non key attribute is fully functionally dependent on full
set of primary key.

Third Normal Form:

A relation is said to be in third normal form if their exits no

transitive dependencies.
Transitive Dependency: If two non key attributes depend on each
other as well as on the primary key then they are said to be
transitively dependent.

The above normalization principles were applied to decompose

the data in multiple table thereby making the data to be maintained
in a consistent state.

Data Dictionary

After carefully understanding the requirements of the client the the

entire data storage requirements are divided into tables. The below
tables are normalized to avoid any anomalies during the course of
data entry.

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Task list Assignments

S.No Column Name Data Type Description

1 ID bigInt(8)
2 UserId BigInt(8)
3 TaskListId BigInt(8)

Task List Categories

S.No Column Name Data Type Description

1 ID Binint(8)
2 Description Varchar(50)
3 IconUrl Varchar(500)

Task List Items

S.No Column Name Data Type Description

1 ID BigInt(9)
2 TasklistID Bigint(9)
3 OwnerUserId Bigint(9)
4 CreatedDate Datetime
5 ModifiedDate Datetime
6 Subject Varchar(255) Allow Null
7 Body Varchar(5000) Allow Null
8 Status Int(4)
9 CategoryID BigInt(8) Allow Null

Task List Names

S.No Column Name Data Type Description

1 ID BigInt(9)
2 Name Varchar(255)

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Task List Notifications:
S.No Column Name Data Type Description
1 ID Bigint(9)
2 NotificationEmail Varchar(5000)

Task list Sort Order Preferences

S.No Column Name Data Type Description
1 ID Bigint(9)
2 UserId Bigint(9)
3 StatusID BigInt(9)
4 SortOrder Int(4)

Task list Status

S.No Column Name Data Type Description
1 ID Bigint(9)
2 Status Description Varchar(50)
3 StatusValue Int(4)
4 StatusFontFlag Varchar(500)
5 DefaultSortOrder Int(4)

Task list Show Preferences

S.No Column Name Data Type Description
1 ID Bigint(9)
2 UserId Bigint(9)
3 StatusID BigInt(9)

Task list Users

S.No Column Name Data Type Description
1 ID Bigint(9)
2 UserName Varchar(50)
3 PasswordHash Varchar(50)
4 IsManager Bit
5 IsAdministrator Bit
6 StartupViewOption Varchar(20)

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7 StartupViewArgument Bigint(8)
8 ItemstoDisplay Varchar(20)
9 ShouldNotify Bit
10 Notify Period Int (4)
11 LastNotified Datetime

E R DIAGRAM

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:

A data flow diagram is graphical tool used to describe and

analyze movement of data through a system. These are the central
tool and the basis from which the other components are developed.
The transformation of data from input to output, through

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processed, may be described logically and independently of physical
components associated with the system. These are known as the
logical data flow diagrams. The physical data flow diagrams show
the actual implements and movement of data between people,
departments and workstations. A full description of a system
actually consists of a set of data flow diagrams. Using two familiar
notations Yourdon, Gane and Sarson notation develops the data
flow diagrams. Each component in a DFD is labeled with a
descriptive name. Process is further identified with a number that
online task management system project report will be used for
identification purpose. The development of DFD’s is done in several
levels. Each process in lower level diagrams can be broken down
into a more detailed DFD in the next level. The lop-level diagram is
often called context diagram. It consists a single process bit, which
plays vital role in studying the current system. The process in the
context level diagram is exploded into other process at the first level
DFD.

The idea behind the explosion of a process into more process

is that online task management system project report
understanding at one level of detail is exploded into greater detail at
the next level. This online task management system is done until
further explosion is necessary and an adequate amount of detail is
described for analyst to understand the process.

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Larry Constantine first developed the DFD as a way of
expressing system requirements in a graphical from, this online
task management system lead to the modular design.

A DFD is also known as a “bubble Chart” has the purpose of

clarifying system requirements and identifying major
transformations that online task management system project report
will become programs in system design. So it is the starting point
of the design to the lowest level of detail. A DFD consists of a series
of bubbles joined by data flows in the system.

DFD SYMBOLS:

In the DFD, there are four symbols

1. A square defines a source(originator) or destination of system

data
2. An arrow identifies data flow. It is the pipeline through which
the information flows
3. A circle or a bubble represents a process that online task
management system project report transforms incoming data
flow into outgoing data flows.
4. An open rectangle is a data store, data at rest or a temporary
repository of data

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Process that online task management system

project report transforms data flow.

Source or Destination of data

Data flow

Data Store

CONSTRUCTING A DFD:

Several rules of thumb are used in drawing DFD’s:

1. Process should be named and numbered for an easy reference.

Each name should be representative of the process.

2. The direction of flow is from top to bottom and from left to right.
Data Traditionally flow from source to the destination although

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they may flow back to the source. One way to indicate this
online task management system is to draw long flow line back to
a source. An alternative way is to repeat the source symbol as a
destination. Since it is used more than once in the DFD it is
marked with a short diagonal.
3. When a process is exploded into lower level details, they are
numbered.
4. The names of data stores and destinations are written in capital
letters. Process and dataflow names have the first letter of each
work capitalized

A DFD typically shows the minimum contents of data store.

Each data store should contain all the data elements that online
task management system project report flow in and out.

Questionnaires should contain all the data elements that online

task management system project report flow in and out. Missing
interfaces redundancies and like is then accounted for often
through interviews.

SAILENT FEATURES OF DFD’s

1. The DFD shows flow of data, not of control loops and decision
are controlled considerations do not appear on a DFD.

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2. The DFD does not indicate the time factor involved in any
process whether the dataflows take place daily, weekly,
monthly or yearly.
3. The sequence of events is not brought out on the DFD.

TYPES OF DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

1. Current Physical
2. Current Logical
3. New Logical
4. New Physical

CURRENT PHYSICAL:

In Current Physical DFD proecess label include the name of

people or their positions or the names of computer systems that
online task management system project report might provide some
of the overall system-processing label includes an identification of
the technology used to process the data. Similarly data flows and
data stores are often labels with the names of the actual physical
media on which data are stored such as file folders, computer files,
business forms or computer tapes.

CURRENT LOGICAL:

The physical aspects at the system are removed as mush as

possible so that online task management system project report the

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current system is reduced to its essence to the data and the
processors that online task management system project report
transform them regardless of actual physical form.

NEW LOGICAL:

This online task management system is exactly like a current

logical model if the user were completely happy with he user were
completely happy with the functionality of the current system but
had problems with how it was implemented typically through the
new logical model will differ from current logical model while having
additional functions, absolute function removal and inefficient flows
recognized.

NEW PHYSICAL:

The new physical represents only the physical implementation

of the new system.

RULES GOVERNING THE DFD’S

PROCESS
1) No process can have only outputs.
2) No process can have only inputs. If an object has only
inputs than it must be a sink.
3) A process has a verb phrase label.

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DATA STORE
1) Data cannot move directly from one data store to another
data store, a process must move data.
2) Data cannot move directly from an outside source to a data
store, a process, which receives, must move data from the
source and place the data into data store
3) A data store has a noun phrase label.

SOURCE OR SINK
The origin and /or destination of data.

1) Data cannot move direly from a source to sink it must be

moved by a process
2) A source and /or sink has a noun phrase land

DATA FLOW
1) A Data Flow has only one direction of flow between symbol.
It may flow in both directions between a process and a data
store to show a read before an update. The later is usually
indicated however by two separate arrows since these
happen at different type.
2) A join in DFD means that online task management system
project report exactly the same data comes from any of two

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or more different processes data store or sink to a common
location.
3) A data flow cannot go directly back to the same process it
leads. There must be atleast one other process that online
task management system project report handles the data
flow produce some other data flow returns the original data
into the beginning process.
4) A Data flow to a data store means update ( delete or
change).
5) A data Flow from a data store means retrieve or use.
A data flow has a noun phrase label more than one data flow noun
phrase can appear on a single arrow as long as all of the flows on
the same arrow move together as one package.

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SCREENS

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Administrator Login:

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Task List Display:

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Creating New task:

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Newly Created Task:

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Preferences Settings:

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Task List Properties:

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User Assignments:

Creating New Task List:

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Renaming the Existing Tasklist:

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User Configuration:

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Changing UserName:

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Changing Password:

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Changing Permissions:

Delete Confirmation:

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Creating New User:

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Configuring Application States:

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Notification Area:

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Viewing the Tasks:

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Moving Task from one category to other:

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Changing the state of Task:

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Task list with Changed State:

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User with unassigned Task list:

PROJECT TESTING

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1) COMPILATION TEST:
 It was a good idea to do our stress testing early on, because it
gave us time to fix some of the unexpected deadlocks and
stability problems that online task management system
project report only occurred when components were exposed
to very high transaction volumes.

2) EXECUTION TEST:

 This online task management system program was

successfully loaded and executed. Because of good
programming there were no execution error.

3) OUTPUT TEST:

 The successful output screens are placed in the output

screens section.

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FUTURE SCOPE OF PROJECT

The application is capable of managing only tasks and their

respective allotments where as there is not scope of communication
between two groups or between the employees other than mail
notification. The information between them is still in terms of
documents. The application can improve in these areas of
communication and document preservation as well as client
maintenance.

The application can be converted into a Mobile based using

ASP.net with which the deployment of application will be done only
on enterprises server and is accessible to all other departments of
the organization. The current application is confined to only one
enterprise.

CONCLUSION

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 The project has been appreciated by all the users in the
organization.
 It is easy to use, since it uses the GUI provided in the user
dialog.
 User friendly screens are provided.
 The usage of software increases the efficiency, decreases the
effort.
 It has been efficiently employed as a Task management
mechanism.
 It has been thoroughly tested and implemented.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
By Roger.S. Pressman

SQL FOR PROFESSIONALS

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By Jain

VISUAL BASIC.NET Black Book

By Evangeleous Petereous

ASP.Net Professional
By Wrox Publications

MSDN 2002
By Microsoft

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