Scribd
Upload
423 views

Introduction To Orthopedics

This document provides an introduction to orthopedics. It defines orthopedics as the study of the locomotor system, including bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves and blood vessels. It notes that orthopedics deals with congenital, developmental, genetic, inflammatory, degenerative, and traumatic disorders of the locomotor system. The scope of orthopedic trauma is outlined as fractures, dislocations, subluxations, and injuries to muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves and blood vessels. Orthopedic management is described as involving history, examination, investigations, conservative/non-operative treatment, operative treatment, and rehabilitation. Common orthopedic procedures are listed for bones, joints,

Uploaded by

Salman Majid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
423 views

Introduction To Orthopedics

This document provides an introduction to orthopedics. It defines orthopedics as the study of the locomotor system, including bones, joints, muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves and blood vessels. It notes that orthopedics deals with congenital, developmental, genetic, inflammatory, degenerative, and traumatic disorders of the locomotor system. The scope of orthopedic trauma is outlined as fractures, dislocations, subluxations, and injuries to muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves and blood vessels. Orthopedic management is described as involving history, examination, investigations, conservative/non-operative treatment, operative treatment, and rehabilitation. Common orthopedic procedures are listed for bones, joints,

Uploaded by

Salman Majid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Introduction to

Orthopedics
 Congenital disorders
 Development disorders
Prof. Jao Mulimba
 Genetic disorders e.g. blood e.g.
sickle cell anemia, storage
Study of locomotor system. disorders

Historically derived from Greek  Inflammatory - infective e.g.


meaning straight child. Osteomyelitis

Termed by Andre in 1741 - non-infective e.g.


Rheumatoid arthritis
 Degenerative disorders e.g.
Osteoarthritis
 Tumours e.g. Osteosarcoma,
Scope of locomotor system Osteoclastoma
 Bones  Misc. - Osteoporosis
 Joints
 Muscles and tendons
 Ligaments
 Bursae Scope of Orthopedic Trauma
 Nerves  Fractures - excluding chest and
skull
 Blood vessels
 Dislocations
 Sub-laxations
 Muscle and tendon injuries
 Ligamentous injuries
Orthopedics: Derangements of the
locomotor system  Nerve injuries
Orthopedic Trauma: injury of  Blood vessels
locomotor system
 Cartilage
 Accompanying person may have
something to fill in
 Discourage complete take-over
In the time of Andre ortho was
by accompanying person
primitive and now has become very
sophisticated as a result of:
 Development of anaesthesia
 Development of aseptic
techniques
Examination
 Development of imaging
 Adequately expose patient -
 Metallurgy and other implants most important factor.
 Plasters  Look carefully
 Labs  Ask patient to move the part
 Passively move the part, always
look at the patients face.
 Document tenderness or
otherwise.
Management is methodical:
 Further examination will
 History depend on the region and the
condition
 Examination
 If patient has to turn, see how
 Investigation
he/she does it.
 Treatment
 Rehabilitation

Investigations
 Decide on the investigations to
History be done.
 Patient should give own story  Remember they are expensive
 Ask a few leading questions to  E.g. of investigations:
fill in the gaps -Blood
-Special Fluids
-X-rays
-Scans: CT, MRI, Isotopic, PET

Orthopedic Technologists
 Arthroscopy - any joint
Prepare all sorts of appliances
 Biopsy - FNA, Core Biopsy, Open
biopsy, X-ray guided  Crutches
 Prostheses
 Etc

Treatment is broadly divided into 2;


 Conservative - non-operative
 Operative Operative
 Muscles - usually not amenable
to repair
Requires technical know-how,
instruments, implants appropriate  Tenetomy - division of a tendon
theatres.
 Elongation e.g. Elongation of
TendoAchilles (ETA) done in
club foot
 Transposition - Transfer
 Release - Tenolysis e.g. De
Occupational Therapy
Quervains syndrome - usually
 Rehabilitation with methods during pregnancy
relevant to work and profession
 Tenodesis -
 Includes kitchen, bath and
lavatory
 Printing/typing
 Woodworking
Bones

Chiropractors  Osteotomy - breakage of bones

 Not many in this country  Osteosynthesis - fixing fractures


Joints
 Arthroscopy - opening a joint
 Aspiration
 Synovectomy
 Arthrodesis - fusion of joint
 Arthoplasty - construct joint
 Excision
 Hemi arthroplasty
 Total arthroplasty

You might also like