2GM®P

Pekín Q Pequín
EJKPQ UKORNKិECFQ [ VTCFKEKQPCN  [KP 0´VGUG SWG FKEJC VTCPUETKREK´P RTQPWPEKCFC GP GURC
RKP[KP #ÛJKëOH 9CFG)KNGU 1FJDIJOH RTQPWPEKCFQ ²QN UG CNGLC DCUVCPVG FG NC CTVKEWNCEK´P QTKIKPCN RWGU PQU
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GUEWEJCT NKVGTCNOGPVG lECRKVCN FGN 0QT NNGXCT®C C JCEGT WUQ FG WPC DG FªDKN [ WPC LQVC UQPQTC
VG| GU NC ECRKVCN FG NC 4GR»DNKEC 2QRWNCT %JKPC [ GU WPC UKGPFQ O¢U CFGEWCFC NC ITCH®C VTCFKEKQPCN CWPSWG HQPªVK
FG NCU EKWFCFGU O¢U RQDNCFCU FGN OWPFQ EQP    ECOGPVG RCTC NQU JKURCPQJCDNCPVGU NQ O¢U CRTQZKOCFQ C
RGTUQPCU GP =? NC CEVWCN RTQPWPEKCEK´P QិEKCN EJKPC UGT®C ན2GKEJKPIཔ [C
SWG NC RTQPWPEKCEK´P EQTTGURQPFKGPVG =RGK214 VȖKČ5 ?=? 
5KVWCFC GP NC RGTKHGTKC FG NC CPVKIWC EKXKNK\CEK´P EJKPC
2GM®P UG EQPXKTVK´ GP GN DCNWCTVG FG NCU RQVGPEKCU GZVTCP UG CUGOGLC O¢U C l1FJ aDIJOH| VGPKGPFQ GP EWGPVC NQU
LGTCU SWG QEWRCTQP %JKPC FGN 0QTVG GPVTG NQU UKINQU : [ VQPQU 'P GN OWPFQ JKURCPQJCDNCPVG CNIWPQU OGFKQU FG
:++ .C FKPCUV®C .KCQ GUVCDNGEK´ CSW® UW ECRKVCN OGTKFKQ EQOWPKECEK´P WVKNK\CP NC VTCPUETKREK´P QិEKCN EJKPC GP NW
PCN NC O¢U CETGFKVCFC FG NCU EKPEQ FGN TGKPQ .C FKPCUV®C ICT FG NC HQTOC VTCFKEKQPCN GURC²QNC
,KP NC UKIWKGPVG FKPCUV®C ནD¢TDCTCཔ GORTGPFK´ WP CORNKQ 5KP GODCTIQ NC 4GCN #ECFGOKC 'URC²QNC TGEQOKGPFC
RTQ[GEVQ WTDCP®UVKEQ C KOCIGP FG NC ECRKVCN FG NQU 5QPI NC WVKNK\CEK´P FGN PQODTG VTCFKEKQPCN EQPUQNKFCFQ GP
UGRVGPVTKQPCNGU -CKHGPI 'P  NQU OQPIQNGU CTTCUC GN ECUVGNNCPQ TGEQTFCPFQ SWG CN JCDNCT GP PWGUVTC NGP
TQP NC EKWFCF RGTQ  C²QU FGURWªU -WDNCK -CP FGEKFK´ IWC FGDGOQU WVKNK\CT NQU VQR´PKOQU VTCFWEKFQU [ PQ
GFKិECT GP GNNC NC PWGXC ECRKVCN NQU QិEKCNGU VCN EQOQ QEWTTG EQP QVTCU EKWFCFGU EQOQ
'P NC \QPC EGPVTQUWT FGN VTC\CFQ JKRQF¢OKEQ UG JCNNCDC .QPFQP.QPFTGU /QUMXC/QUE» 6QTKPQ6WT®P (KTGP
NC EQNQUCN XKNNC KORGTKCN SWG EQPVGP®C GN EQORNGLQ FG RC \G(NQTGPEKC 0GY ;QTM0WGXC ;QTM GVE 5GI»P GN &KE
NCEKQU KORGTKCNGU 'N GORGTCFQT ;QPING GN VGTEGT /KPI EKQPCTKQ 2CPJKUR¢PKEQ FG &WFCU ࣜTF SFDPNJFOEB VTBS FO
FGEKFK´ VTCUNCFCT NC ECRKVCNKFCF C 2GM®P .CU OWTCNNCU FGN OVFTUSP JEJPNB FM OPNCSF USBEJDJPOBM FTQB±PM DVZP HFOUJMJ
NCFQ UGRVGPVTKQPCN HWGTQP VTCUNCFCFCU O¢U JCEKC GN 5WT RC DJP FT QFLJO©T P QFRVJO©T TJ TF VUJMJ[B MB HSBG­B NJOPSJUBSJB
1FRV­O
 RWGUVQ SWG GN ECODKQ FGN PQODTG QិEKCN CHGEVC
TC SWG GN EQORNGLQ RCNCEKGIQ KORGTKCN NC NNCOCFC %KWFCF
2TQJKDKFC SWGFCUG GZCEVCOGPVG GP GN EGPVTQ FGN RNCPQ C NQU KFKQOCU NQECNGU RGTQ PQ C NQU GZ´PKOQU GP GURC²QN
#U® NC GUVTWEVWTC FGN PWGXQ 2GM®P TGRTGUGPVC NC EKOC FGN 'N TGIKUVTQ HQPªVKEQ l2GSW®P| GUV¢ CVGUVKIWCFQ FGUFG EQ
WTDCPKUOQ VTCFKEKQPCN EJKPQ DCUCFQ GP NC QTICPK\CEK´P OKGP\QU FGN UKINQ :8++ GP 3B[³O EF DPSUF FG ,WCP ,GTG\
KPVTQFWEKFC RQT NQU OQPIQNGU CU® EQOQ GP NC GUVTWEVWTC OKGPVTCU SWG lNC RTKOGTC FQEWOGPVCEK´P FG ན$GKLKPIཔ
GP
FG NQU RCNCEKQU KORGTKCNGU FG -CKHGPI [ 0CPM®P CFGO¢U GURC²QN GU FG | UGI»P GN FQEVQT GP (KNQNQI®C *KUR¢
VQOCT GP EQPUKFGTCEK´P NCU PQTOCU FG NC IGQOCPEKC EJKPC PKEC .WKU 5KNXC8KNNCT=?

 2GM®P GP EJKPQ GUV¢ EQORWGUVQ RQT NQU ECTCEVGTGU DÜK

2GM®P GU WPQ FG NQU EWCVTQ OWPKEKRKQU FG %JKPC SWG RQ lPQTVG| [ LìPI lECRKVCN| 5W UKIPKិECFQ GU l%CRKVCN FGN
UGGP WP GUVCVWU RTQXKPEKCN [ GUV¢P DCLQ GN EQPVTQN FKTGEVQ 0QTVG| GP EQPVTCUVG EQP 0CPM®P
/BOKJOH EQORWGUVQ
FGN IQDKGTPQ EGPVTCN 2GM®P JC UKFQ OWPKEKRCNKFCF FGUFG FG P¢P lUWT| [ LìPI lECRKVCN| [ EQP GN UKIPKិECFQ
NC ETGCEK´P FG NC 4GR»DNKEC 2QRWNCT %JKPC 'U WPC FG NCU FG l%CRKVCN FGN 5WT| 'P %JKPC NC EKWFCF JC VGPKFQ OW
EKWFCFGU O¢U RQDNCFCU FG %JKPC VCP U´NQ UWRGTCFC RQT EJQU PQODTGU 'PVTG  [  HWG EQPQEKFC GP EJKPQ
5JCPIJ¢K GP EWCPVQ C RQDNCEK´P 'U EQPUKFGTCFC GN EQTC EQOQ #ÛJQ­OH
 Peip'ing GP 9CFG)KNGU Q l2C\ FGN
\´P EWNVWTCN RQN®VKEQ [ UQEKCN FG %JKPC 0QTVG| 'N PQODTG JCD®C UKFQ [C WVKNK\CFQ CN EQOKGP\Q
FG NC FKPCUV®C /KPI GP CODQU ECUQU RCTC GPHCVK\CT SWG
0CPM®P NC %CRKVCN FGN 5WT GTC NC »PKEC ECRKVCN
.C EKWFCF TGEWRGT´ GN PQODTG FG Běijīng FWTCPVG NC
1 Etimología QEWRCEK´P LCRQPGUC [ XQNXGT®C C NNCOCTUG Běipíng VTCU GN
ិPCN FG NC 5GIWPFC )WGTTC /WPFKCN EWCPFQ NQU LCRQPG
l2GM®P| GU NC CFCRVCEK´P CN GURC²QN FG NC HQTOC NCVKPC Qិ UGU CDCPFQPCTQP %JKPC 'N 2CTVKFQ %QOWPKUVC FG %JKPC
EKCN CPVKIWC l2GMKPI| SWG UGI»P NC 4#' GU NC HQTOC TG XQNXK´ C ECODKCT GP  GN PQODTG FG NC EKWFCF EQOQ
EQOGPFCFC FG NNCOCT C GUVC EKWFCF GP GURC²QN 'UVC »N OWGUVTC FG UW KPVGPEK´P FG GUVCDNGEGT GP NC EKWFCF NC EC
VKOC HQTOC EQTTGURQPF®C CN OªVQFQ FG VTCPUETKREK´P FGN RKVCN FGN PWGXQ TªIKOGP 6TCU NC RTQENCOCEK´P FG NC 4G
UKUVGOC RQUVCN EJKPQ [ TGីGLCDC NC RTQPWPEKCEK´P CTECKEC R»DNKEC 2QRWNCT GN PQODTG #ÛJQ­OH UG UKIWK´ WVKNK\CPFQ
FG NC U®NCDC KJOH 'P NC CEVWCNKFCF NC 4GR»DNKEC 2QRWNCT GP 6CKY¢P FQPFG GN IQDKGTPQ TGHWIKCFQ FG NC 4GR»DNKEC
%JKPC WVKNK\C GZENWUKXCOGPVG NC HQTOC «Beijing» EQTTGU FG %JKPC PGICDC NC NGIKVKOKFCF C NCU CWVQTKFCFGU EQOW
RQPFKGPVG CN UKUVGOC FG VTCPUETKREK´P QិEKCN JCP[W RKP


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PKUVCU FGN EQPVKPGPVG &GUFG NQU C²QU  NQU OGFKQU FG RGTFK´ ITCP RCTVG FG UW VGTTKVQTKQ GP GN PQTVG KPENW[GP
EQOWPKECEK´P VCKYCPGUGU WVKNK\CP VCODKªP GN PQODTG #ÛJ FQ 2GM®P CPVG NCU EQPSWKUVCU FG NC PWGXC FKPCUV®C .KCQ
KëOH 0´VGUG SWG GN PQODTG EJKPQ CEVWCN [ VTCFKEKQPCN #ÛJ GP GN UKINQ : .QU .KCQ HWPFCTQP WPC UGIWPFC ECRKVCN GP
KëOH GU GN SWG EQTTGURQPFG C NC HQTOC VTCFKEKQPCN GURC²QNC NC EKWFCF C NC SWG NNCOCTQP /BOKJOH
ནECRKVCN FGN 5WTཔ
l2GM®P| OKGPVTCU SWG GN PQODTG FG NC ªRQEC PCEKQPCNKUVC .C FKPCUV®C ,KP EQPSWKUVCT®C O¢U CFGNCPVG .KCQ [ GN PQTVG
#ÛJQ­OH UG UQN®C VTCPUETKDKT GP 1EEKFGPVG GP XCTKCPVGU FG NC FG %JKPC TGPQODTCPFQ NC EKWFCF EQOQ <JQPIFW
 Q
VTCPUETKREK´P 9CFG)KNGU VCNGU EQOQ Peiping Peip'ing ནECRKVCN EGPVTCNཔ
Pei-ping Q Pei-p'ing .QU KPXCUQTGU OQPIQNGU HWPFCTQP NC FKPCUV®C ;WCP EWCP
Yanjing
 RKP[KP ;ÂPLìPI 9CFG)KNGU ;GPEJKPI FQ EQPSWKUVCTQP %JKPC CTTCUCPFQ <JQPIFW GP  [ TG
GU QVTQ PQODTG SWG UG JC FCFQ [ UG FC RQRWNCTOGPVG C EQPUVTW[ªPFQNC EQOQ NC (SBO $BQJUBM
 CN PQTVG FG NC
2GM®P GP TGHGTGPEKC CN CPVKIWQ GUVCFQ FG ;CP SWG GZKUVK´ ECRKVCN ,KP UKGPFQ ªUVG GN EQOKGP\Q FG NC EKWFCF CEVWCN FG
GP NC \QPC FWTCPVG NC FKPCUV®C <JQW 'UVG PQODTG ិIWTC 2GM®P .QU TGNCVQU FG /CTEQ 2QNQ CNWFGP C NC EKWFCF EQ
GP GN PQODTG FG NC EGTXG\C NQECN ;CPLKPI [ GP GN FG NC OQ Cambaluc -WDNCK -CP GN RTKOGT GORGTCFQT ;WCP
7PKXGTUKFCF ;GPEJKPI KPUVKVWEK´P FG CNVQ PKXGN HWUKQPC GUVCDNGEK´ UW ECRKVCN GP NC CEVWCN 2GM®P RQT GUVCT O¢U RT´
FC EQP NC 7PKXGTUKFCF FG 2GM®P 2GM®P GU GN Khanbaliq ZKOC C UW DCUG FG RQFGT GP /QPIQNKC NQ EWCN TGCN\´ NC
 Cambaluc Q Janbalic FGUETKVQ GP NQU XKCLGU FG /CTEQ KORQTVCPEKC FG NC EKWFCF C RGUCT FG SWG GUVWXKGTC GP GN
2QNQ G +DP $CVVWVC N®OKVG PQTVG FG %JKPC
.C FKPCUV®C /KPI SWG FGTTQE´ C NQU OQPIQNGU GUVCDNG
EK´ GP WP RTKPEKRKQ NC ECRKVCN GP 0CPM®P RGTQ GP 
2 Historia GN VGTEGT GORGTCFQT /KPI ;ƓPIN©
 SWG JCD®C CEEG
FKFQ CN VTQPQ VTCU OCVCT C UW UQDTKPQ CN ិPCN FG WPC NCTIC
NWEJC RQT GN RQFGT VTCUNCF´ NC ECRKVCN FG PWGXQ C 2GM®P
.C %KWFCF 2TQJKDKFC HWG EQPUVTWKFC GPVTG  [ 
UGIWKFC FGN 6GORNQ FGN %KGNQ
 [ QVTQU RTQ[GEVQU
.C 2WGTVC FG 6KCP CPOGP HWG SWGOCFC FQU XGEGU FWTCP
VG NC FKPCUV®C /KPI [ UG TGEQPUVTW[´ ិPCNOGPVG GP 
2GM®P UG EQPXKTVK´ GP NC EKWFCF O¢U RQDNCFC FGN OWPFQ
GP GN UKINQ :8 EWCPFQ [C VGP®C    FG JCDKVCPVGU
[ UKIWK´ UKGPFQ NC EKWFCF O¢U RQDNCFC JCUVC GN UKINQ :N:
.C JKUVQTKC FG 2GM®P Q $GKLKPI GUV¢ ®PVKOCOGPVG WPKFC C
NC FG %JKPC JCDKGPFQ UKFQ UW ECRKVCN FWTCPVG ITCP RCT
VG FG UW JKUVQTKC .C \QPC FQPFG UG GPEWGPVTC $GKLKPI [C
GTC JCDKVCFC FWTCPVG GN PGQN®VKEQ EQOQ UG FGOQUVT´ VTCU
GPEQPVTCT WP JQOQ GTGEVWU CN SWG UG NNCO´ ན*QODTG FG
2GM®Pཔ UKGPFQ GUVG WPQ FG NQU GUNCDQPGU O¢U CPVKIWQU FG
NC GXQNWEK´P JWOCPC JCNNCFQU JCUVC CJQTC .C EKWFCF FG
2GM®P PCEK´ EQP GN PQODTG FG ,K Q -K JCEKC GN UKINQ 8+++
C% 5KINQU FGURWªU UWHTK´ NCU IWGTTCU RTQFWEKFCU FWTCPVG
NC ªRQEC FG NQU 4GKPQU %QODCVKGPVGU GP NQU UKINQU 8 [ +++
C% 'N RTKOGT IQDGTPCPVG SWG WPKិE´ %JKPC D¢UKECOGP
VG TGINCPFQ NC GUETKVWTC FG ECTCEVGTGU EJKPQU HWG 3KPUJK
*WCPIFK GORG\CPFQ EQP ªN NC FKPCUV®C 3KP 6TCU ªN GP
GN  C% .QU TGDGNFGU NKFGTCFQU RQT .KW $CPI UG JK
\Q EQP GN RQFGT [ GORG\´ NC FKPCUV®C *CP SWG OCTE´ GN
CNOC EJKPC 6TCU NQU *CP FWTCPVG WP EQTVQ RGTKQFQ NNGIC
TQP NQU 5WK VTCU WP EQPXWNUQ VKGORQ FG QEWRCEK´P FG NQU
-B 1BHPEB EFM UFNQMP 5JBOOJOH MFWBOUBEB IBDJB  D¢TDCTQU FG NCU GUVGRCU 5GIWKFCOGPVG NNGICTQP NQU 6CPI

 F% F% SWG OCTECTQP NC ªRQEC FG OC[QT ETG
'ZKUVGP XGUVKIKQU FG CUGPVCOKGPVQU JWOCPQU GP GN GPVQTPQ EKOKGPVQ EWNVWTCN [ CTV®UVKEQ
FG 2GM®P FGUFG CN OGPQU GN C²Q  C % 'P NC EKWFCF
.C 4GR»DNKEC FG %JKPC GUVCDNGEK´ UW ECRKVCN GP 0CPM®P [
FG ,K EGTECPC CN CEVWCN 2GM®P GUVWXQ UKVWCFC NC ECRKVCN
2GM®P HWG TGPQODTCFC $GKRKPI &WTCPVG NC 5GIWPFC )WG
FGN 'UVCFQ FG ;CP WPQ FG NQU GUVCFQU FGN RGTKQFQ FG NQU
TTC 5KPQ,CRQPGUC HWG QEWRCFC RQT ,CR´P GN  FG LWNKQ
4GKPQU %QODCVKGPVGU 'P VQFQ ECUQ PQ UG EQPQEG NC WDK
FG  &WTCPVG NC QEWRCEK´P 2GM®P HWG NC ECRKVCN FGN
ECEK´P GZCEVC FG NC EKWFCF FG ,K CDCPFQPCFC GP GN UKINQ
EQOKVª GLGEWVKXQ FGN PQTVG FG %JKPC WP GUVCFQ V®VGTG SWG
8+
IQDGTP´ GN PQTVG FG NC %JKPC QEWRCFC .C QEWRCEK´P FWT´
&WTCPVG NCU ITCPFGU FKPCUV®CU 6CPI [ 5QPI UQNCOGPVG JCUVC NC TGPFKEK´P FG ,CR´P GN  FG CIQUVQ FG 
GZKUV®CP RGSWG²CU CNFGCU GP NC \QPC .C FKPCUV®C 5QPI
 

$IPOHXFONFO VOB QVFSUB FO MB NVSBMMB EF MB DJVEBE JOUFSJPS EF

1FL­O 'PUP EF QSJODJQJPT EFM TJHMP 99 &M &TUBEJP /BDJPOBM EF 1FL­O EVSBOUF MPT +VFHPT 0M­NQJDPT EF
1FL­O 

'N  FG GPGTQ FG  FWTCPVG NC )WGTTC %KXKN %JKPC

NCU HWGT\CU EQOWPKUVCU GPVTCTQP GP 2GM®P UKP CEEKQPGU XKQ
NGPVCU 'N  FG QEVWDTG FG GUG C²Q GN N®FGT FGN 2CTVKFQ %Q
OWPKUVC FG %JKPC /CQ <GFQPI RTQENCO´ GP NC 2NC\C FG
6KCP CPOGP NC PWGXC 4GR»DNKEC 2QRWNCT %JKPC
6TCU NCU TGHQTOCU GEQP´OKECU FG &GPI :KCQRKPI GN ¢TGC
WTDCPC UG JC CORNKCFQ GPQTOGOGPVG )WQOCQ UG JC EQP
XGTVKFQ GP WP ¢TGC EQOGTEKCN 9CPIHWLKPI [ :KFCP UG
JCP VTCPUHQTOCFQU GP FKUVTKVQU FG EQORTCU OKGPVTCU SWG
<JQPIIWCPEWP UG JC EQPXGTVKFQ GP GN EGPVTQ FG NC GNGE
VT´PKEC EJKPC
%QOQ ECRKVCN FG NC PCEK´P 2GM®P JC UKFQ VCODKªP GN GU
EGPCTKQ FG RTQVGUVCU [ CEQPVGEKOKGPVQU RQN®VKEQU EQOQ
NCU RTQVGUVCU FGN  FG OC[Q FG  SWG FCT®CP NWICT CN
/QXKOKGPVQ FGN %WCVTQ FG /C[Q NC RTQENCOCEK´P FG NC
4GR»DNKEC 2QRWNCT GN  FG QEVWDTG FG  GN KPEKFGPVG
FG 6KCP CPOGP FG  EWCPFQ UG RTQFWLGTQP PWOGTQUCU -B DBMMF 8BOHGVKJOH VOP EF MPT DFOUSPT EFM DPNFSDJP FO MB DBQJUBM
RTQVGUVCU GP TGEWGTFQ FGN HCNNGEKFQ RTKOGT OKPKUVTQ <JQW DIJOB
'PNCK [ O¢U TGEKGPVGOGPVG NCU RTQVGUVCU FG NC 2NC\C FG
6KCP CPOGP GP  SWG VGTOKPCTQP UKGPFQ UQHQECFCU FG
OCPGTC XKQNGPVC OGFKCPVG NC KPVGTXGPEK´P FGN GLªTEKVQ GN 
FG LWPKQ GP WPC FG NCU CEEKQPGU O¢U EQPVTQXGTVKFCU FG NC
JKUVQTKC FG NC 4GR»DNKEC 2QRWNCT %JKPC .C RNC\C VCODKªP 'N UGEVQT VGTEKCTKQ GURGEKCNOGPVG NC TCOC KPOQDKNKCTKC [
JC UKFQ GN NWICT FG RTQVGUVCU FG UGIWKFQTGU FG (CNWP )QPI FG CWVQO´XKNGU UQDTG VQFQ FG NWLQ JC ETGEKFQ GURGEVCEW
'P C²QU TGEKGPVGU 2GM®P JC UWHTKFQ NCU EQPUGEWGPEKCU FG NCTOGPVG GP NQU »NVKOQU C²QU 'P  UG XGPFKGTQP WP
NC T¢RKFC WTDCPK\CEK´P GP ¢ODKVQU EQOQ NC EQPIGUVK´P FG VQVCN FG   OKNNQPGU FG OGVTQU EWCFTCFQU FG XKXKGP
NC EKTEWNCEK´P NC EQPVCOKPCEK´P FGN CKTG NC FGUVTWEEK´P FC RQT WP OQPVCPVG FG   OKNNQPGU FG [WCPGU 'P GN
FGN RCVTKOQPKQ JKUV´TKEQ [ NC NNGICFC OCUKXC FG KPOKITCP OKUOQ RGT®QFQ UG XGPFKGTQP   CWVQO´XKNGU 'N P»
VGU FG QVTCU RCTVGU FGN RC®U OGTQ VQVCN FG NQU CWVQO´XKNGU TGIKUVTCFQU GZEGFG NQU UGKU
OKNNQPGU FG NQU EWCNGU GN   UQP FG RTQRKGFCF RTKXCFC
'P 2GM®P UG EGNGDTCTQP NQU ,WGIQU 1N®ORKEQU FG 
HCOQUQU RQT UGT WPC FG NCU OGLQTGU [ O¢U GUVTWEVWTCFCU 'N &KUVTKVQ %GPVTCN FG 0GIQEKQU FG 2GM®P GP GN ¢TGC FG
QNKORKCFCU SWG UG JCP XKUVQ FGUFG NQU KPKEKQU FG GUVCU )WQOCQ GU TGEQPQEKFQ EQOQ GN PWGXQ P»ENGQ FG NC XKFC
GEQP´OKEC [ ិPCPEKGTC FG NC EKWFCF [ GP ªN UG WDKECP Qិ
EKPCU [ UGFGU EQTRQTCVKXCU FG FKUVKPVCU GORTGUCU TGIKQPC
NGU EGPVTQU EQOGTEKCNGU ITCPFGU CNOCEGPGU [ XKXKGPFCU
3 Economía FG NWLQ 9CPIHWLKPI [ :KFCP UQP ECNNGU HCOQUCU RQT UWU
VKGPFCU <JQPIIWCPEWP GN 5KNKEQP 8CNNG[ EJKPQ EQPVK
'N RTQFWEVQ KPVGTKQT DTWVQ VQVCN FG  HWG FG   P»C UKGPFQ WP EGPVTQ KORQTVCPVG RCTC NCU KPFWUVTKCU FG
OKNNQPGU FG [WCPGU WP CWOGPVQ FGN   UQDTG GN C²Q GNGEVT´PKEC G KPHQTO¢VKEC CU® EQOQ RCTC NC KPXGUVKICEK´P
CPVGTKQT 'N 2+$ RGT ECRKVC GTC FG   [WCPGU HCTOCEªWVKEC
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1VTQU QEJQ FKUVTKVQU O¢U UG NQECNK\CP GP NCU CHWGTCU FG NC

OWPKEKRCNKFCF RTKPEKRCNOGPVG EKWFCFGU UCVªNKVG EKWFC
FGU FQTOKVQTKQ CNFGCU [ \QPCU TWTCNGU

• &KUVTKVQ FG /GPVQWIQW
 /ªPV´WIĎW 3Ĭ

• &KUVTKVQ FG (CPIUJCP
 (¢PIUJÂP 3Ĭ

• &KUVTKVQ FG 6QPI\JQW
 6ĎPI\JĎW 3Ĭ

• &KUVTKVQ FG 5JWP[K
 5JºP[­ 3Ĭ

• &KUVTKVQ FG %JCPIRKPI
 %JÂPIR®PI 3Ĭ

-B QMB[B EF 5JBOBONFO FO  • &KUVTKVQ FG &CZKPI

 &¡ZìPI 3Ĭ

• &KUVTKVQ FG 2KPIIW
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4 Población • &KUVTKVQ FG *WCKTQW
 *W¢KT´W 3Ĭ

.C RQDNCEK´P VQVCN FGN OWPKEKRKQ FG 2GM®P GP HGDTGTQ FG

 GTC FG  OKNNQPGU FG JCDKVCPVGU=? KPENW[GPFQ VCP 4.1.1 Condados
VQ C TGUKFGPVGU RGTOCPGPVGU
EQP RGTOKUQ IVLPV NC OC
[QT®C EQOQ C NQU SWG RQUGGP WP RGTOKUQ FG TGUKFGPEKC .QU FQU EQPFCFQU FG 2GM®P IQDKGTPCP CNFGCU [ ¢TGCU TW
VGORQTCN
GPVTG  [  OKNNQPGU #FGO¢U OWEJQU VTCDC TCNGU OW[ FKUVCPVGU
LCFQTGU GOKITCPVGU XKXGP GP NC EKWFCF UKP PKPIWPC ENCUG
FG RGTOKUQ FG TGUKFGPEKC • %QPFCFQ FG /K[WP
 /­[»P :K¡P
'P  NC RQDNCEK´P FGN P»ENGQ WTDCPQ GTC FG  • %QPFCFQ FG ;CPSKPI
 ;¢PS­PI :K¡P
OKNNQPGU GN   FG NC RQDNCEK´P FGN OWPKEKRKQ SWG C
GUCU HGEJCU GTC FG  OKNNQPGU QិEKCNOGPVG=? .C OC
[QT RCTVG FG NQU TGUKFGPVGU UQP FG GVPKC JCP CWPSWG JC[
VCODKªP CNIWPQU OCPEJ»GU JWKU [ OQPIQNGU CFGO¢U GP
5 Cultura
C²QU TGEKGPVGU JC JCDKFQ ITCP CីWGPEKC FG UWTEQTGCPQU
SWG XKGPGP C NC EKWFCF RQT PGIQEKQU Q GUVWFKQU [ UG EQP
EGPVTCP GP NCU ¢TGCU FG 9CPILKPI [ FG 9WFCQMQW
'N PQTVG PQTGUVG [ GN GUVG FGN ¢TGC WTDCPC GUV¢P JKRGTRQ
DNCFCU [ EQPEGPVTCP C NC OC[QT®C FG NC RQDNCEK´P GZVTCP
LGTC 'N UWFQGUVG [ NCU RCTVGU OGTKFKQPCNGU VKGPGP OGPQT
FGPUKFCF FG RQDNCEK´P

4.1 Distritos y barrios

*C[ QEJQ FKUVTKVQU WTDCPQU

• &KUVTKVQ FG &QPIEJGPI
 &ĎPIEJªPI 3Ĭ
-JCSFS­B EF 1FL­O SPEFBEB EF HJOLHPT
• &KUVTKVQ FG :KEJGPI
 :ìEJªPI 3Ĭ

• &KUVTKVQ FG %JQPIYGP
 %J´PIYªP 3Ĭ .QU RGMKPGUGU JCDNCP GN FKCNGEVQ RGMKPªU FGN OCPFCT®P GP
GN SWG UG DCUC GN QƔU³OHIV  NC HQTOC GUV¢PFCT FGN EJKPQ
• &KUVTKVQ FG :WCPYW
 :WÂPYƕ 3Ĭ
.C ”RGTC FG 2GM®P
KëOHK¹ GU OW[ EQPQEKFC GP NC EC
RKVCN 5G FKEG SWG GU WPC FG NCU OC[QTGU GZRTGUKQPGU FG NC
• &KUVTKVQ FG %JCQ[CPI
 %J¢Q[¢PI 3Ĭ
EWNVWTC EJKPC .CU TGRTGUGPVCEKQPGU UG EQORQPGP FG WPC
• &KUVTKVQ FG *CKFKCP
 *ƏKFK¡P 3Ĭ EQODKPCEK´P FG ECPVQ FK¢NQIQ GUEGPCU FG CEEK´P EQFKិ
ECFCU EQP IGUVQU RCUGQU NWEJCU [ CETQDCEKCU )TCP RCTVG
• &KUVTKVQ FG (GPIVCK
 (ÔPIV¢K 3Ĭ FG NCU ´RGTCU GUV¢P GUETKVCU GP WP FKCNGEVQ CTECKEQ DCU
VCPVG FKHGTGPVG FGN EJKPQ CEVWCN RQT NQ SWG GN FK¢NQIQ GU
• &KUVTKVQ FG 5JKLKPIUJCP
 5J®LƑPIUJÂP 3Ĭ FKH®EKN FG GPVGPFGT [ GN RTQDNGOC UG EQORNKEC UK PQ UG
 &EVDBDJ³O 

OGFKEKPC VTCFKEKQPCN EJKPC CVTKDW[G RQFGTGU EWTCVKXQU CN

Vª

5.1 Educación

'P 2GM®P JC[ CDWPFCPVGU WPKXGTUKFCFGU .CU O¢U HCOQ

UCU UQP NC 7PKXGTUKFCF FG 2GM®P NC 7PKXGTUKFCF FG 6UKPI
JWC NC 7PKXGTUKFCF 0QTOCN FG 2GM®P NC 7PKXGTUKFCF FG
EQOWPKECEK´P FG %JKPC NC 7PKXGTUKFCF FG 'UVWFKQU 'Z
VTCPLGTQU [ NC 7PKXGTUKFCF 2QRWNCT FG %JKPC GPVTG QVTCU

&M 5FNQMP EFM $JFMP

5.2 Arquitectura
GUV¢ HCOKNKCTK\CFQ EQP GN EJKPQ RQT GUVQ NQU VGCVTQU OQ
FGTPQU VKGPGP RCPGNGU SWG OWGUVTCP UWDV®VWNQU GP EJKPQ [
GP KPINªU
'N T¬I©ZV¡O
 GU GN VKRQ FG XKXKGPFC TGRTGUGPVCVKXQ
FGN GUVKNQ CTSWKVGEV´PKEQ VTCFKEKQPCN FG 2GM®P %QPUKUVG
GP ECUCU EWCFTCFCU EQP WP EQTTGFQT GP VQTPQ C WP RCVKQ
EGPVTCN SWG PQTOCNOGPVG VKGPG ¢TDQNGU ីQTGU [ GUVCPSWGU
RCTC RGEGU
.QU J»V³PI Q ECNNGLQPGU EQPGEVCP GN KPVGTKQT FG NC XKG
LC EKWFCF FG 2GM®P )GPGTCNOGPVG UQP TGEVQU [ EQTTGP FG &M (SBO 5FBUSP /BDJPOBM EF $IJOB
GUVG C QGUVG #U® NCU RWGTVCU FG NCU XKXKGPFCU RWGFGP CDTKT
UG JCEKC GN PQTVG [ GN UWT RCTC UGIWKT NCU PQTOCU FGN (GPI2TGFQOKPCP VTGU GUVKNQU CTSWKVGEV´PKEQU 'N RTKOGTQ EQ
5JWK #NIWPQU UQP TGCNOGPVG GUVTGEJQU [ U´NQ RGTOKVGP GN TTGURQPFG C NC CTSWKVGEVWTC VTCFKEKQPCN FG NC ªRQEC KO
RCUQ FG WPQU RQEQU RGCVQPGU CN OKUOQ VKGORQ 'N XGJ®EW RGTKCN 'N UGIWPFQ FGPQOKPCFQ Sino-Sov HWG WVKNK\CFQ
NQ FG VTCPURQTVG SWG TGKPC GP NQU IºU²OH GU NC DKEKENGVC GPVTG NQU C²QU  [  .CU EQPUVTWEEKQPGU FG GUVG GUVKNQ
6CPVQ NQU IºU²OH EQOQ NQU T¬I©ZV¡O GUV¢P FGUCRCTGEKGPFQ UG ECTCEVGTK\CP RQT VGPGT WPC HQTOC O¢U DKGP E»DKEC [ RQT
FG 2GM®P .C EKWFCF GUV¢ TGGORNC\CPFQ NQU XKGLQU GFKិEKQU GUVCT EQPUVKVWKFCU RQT OCVGTKCNGU DCTCVQU
RQT KPOGPUQU TCUECEKGNQU .QU JCDKVCPVGU FG NQU DCTTKQU *C[ QVTCU OWEJCU HQTOCU FG CTSWKVGEVWTC OQFGTPC OW[
CPVKIWQU UG GUV¢P TGWDKECPFQ GP PWGXQU CRCTVCOGPVQU FGN PQVCDNGU GP GN &KUVTKVQ %GPVTCN FG 0GIQEKQU FG 2GM®P
OKUOQ VCOC²Q SWG UWU CPVKIWCU TGUKFGPEKCU 5KP GODCTIQ
VQFQU EQKPEKFGP GP SWG GN UGPVKOKGPVQ FG EQOWPKFCF [ GN
GUVKNQ FG XKFC FG NQU IºU²OH LCO¢U RQFT¢ UGT TGGORNC\CFQ
5.3 Deporte
#NIWPQU J»V³PI HWGTQP RTGUGTXCFQU [ TGUVCWTCFQU RQT GN
IQDKGTPQ 3WKUKGTQP CUGIWTCTUG FG SWG FWTCPVG NC EGNGDTC
2GM®P HWG NC EKWFCF UGFG FG NQU ,WGIQU #UK¢VKEQU FG
EK´P FG NQU ,WGIQU 1N®ORKEQU FG 8GTCPQ FGN C²Q  RQT
=?  ,WGIQU 1N®ORKEQU FG 8GTCPQ FG  [ FGN
NQ OGPQU SWGFCUGP CNIWPQU FG GUVQU CPVKIWQU DCTTKQU DC
%CORGQPCVQ /WPFKCN FG #VNGVKUOQ FG  CU® EQOQ
TTKQU SWG OCPVKGPGP NC VTCFKEK´P [ TGEWGTFCP NC XKGLC %JK
VCODKªP UGT¢ UGFG FG NQU ,WGIQU 1N®ORKEQU FG +PXKGTPQ
PC GP GUVC ITCP EKWFCF GP NC SWG UG JC EQPXGTVKFQ 2GM®P
FG  [ FG NC %QRC /WPFKCN FG $CNQPEGUVQ FG NC (+$#
#NIWPQU GLGORNQU FG GUVQU IºU²OH TGUVCWTCFQU UG RWGFGP
FG %JKPC 
XGT GP NC \QPC FG 0CPEJK\K
.C EQEKPC VTCFKEKQPCN FG 2GM®P GU NC EQEKPC FG GUVKNQ OCP
FCT®P 'N RCVQ C NC RGMKPGUC Q ནRCVQ NCSWGCFQཔ GU VCN
XG\ UW RNCVQ O¢U EQPQEKFQ KPVGTPCEKQPCNOGPVG 5G VTCVC 6 Transporte
FG WPC TGEGVC SWG UG TGOQPVC CN UKINQ :+++ RCTC NC SWG UG
WVKNK\CP WPQU RCVQU EGDCFQU GURGEKCNOGPVG 5W ECTPG UG 'N ETGEKOKGPVQ FG NC EKWFCF C RCTVKT FG NCU TGHQTOCU GEQ
UQOGVG C WP EQORNKECFQ RTQEGUQ FG EQEEK´P 'UVG RCVQ P´OKECU JC EQPXGTVKFQ C 2GM®P GP WP KORQTVCPVG PWFQ FG
CUCFQ UG UKTXG CEQORC²CFQ FG WPC UCNUC FG EGTGCNGU TQ VTCPURQTVGU .C EKWFCF GUV¢ TQFGCFC FG EKPEQ CPKNNQU FG
FCLCU FG RWGTTQ [ WPCU VQTVKVCU GURGEKCNGU EKTEWPXCNCEK´P PWGXG CWVQRKUVCU QPEG ECTTGVGTCU RTKPEK
.CU ECUCU FG Vª UQP OW[ RQRWNCTGU GP 2GM®P 'N Vª EJKPQ RCNGU FKXGTUCU N®PGCU FG HGTTQECTTKN [ WP CGTQRWGTVQ KPVGT
VKGPG OWEJCU XCTKGFCFGU CNIWPCU TGCNOGPVG ECTCU .C PCEKQPCN
  563*4.0

6.3 Transporte aéreo

'N RTKPEKRCN CGTQRWGTVQ GU GN #GTQRWGTVQ +PVGTPCEKQPCN
FG 2GM®P EGTEC FG 5JWP[K  MO CN PQTGUVG FG 2GM®P
SWG GU GN RTKPEKRCN CGTQRWGTVQ FG NC EQORC²®C #KT %JK
PC 1VTQU CGTQRWGTVQU UQP GN #GTQRWGTVQ FG .KCPIZKCPI
GN #GTQRWGTVQ FG 0CP[WCP GN #GTQRWGTVQ FG :KLKCQ [ GN
#GTQRWGTVQ FG $CFCNKPI

6.4 Transporte público

'N /GVTQ FG 2GM®P
GP EJKPQ  RKP[KP $ÜKLìPI &­
VKÜ GU GN UKUVGOC FG VTCPURQTVG HGTTQXKCTKQ OGVTQRQNKVCPQ
&TUBDJ³O $FOUSBM EF 1FL­O GP 2GM®P 'P  EWGPVC EQP  MO FG NQPIKVWF  N®
PGCU GP VQVCN NQ SWG NQ EQPXKGTVG GP GN UGTXKEKQ FG OGVTQ
O¢U GZVGPUQ FGN OWPFQ &C UGTXKEKQ C CRTQZKOCFCOGPVG
6.1 Ferrocarril  OKNNQPGU FG RGTUQPCU FKCTKCOGPVG 'U CFOKPKUVTCFQ
RQT NC GORTGUC R»DNKEC $GKLKPI %KV[ 7PFGTITQWPF 4CKN
YC[ %QORCP[
'ZKUVGP FQU GUVCEKQPGU RTKPEKRCNGU NC 'UVCEK´P %GPVTCN
FG (GTTQECTTKNGU [ NC 'UVCEK´P FG (GTTQECTTKNGU FGN 1GUVG
1VTCU EKPEQ GUVCEKQPGU OGPQTGU RQUGGP VT¢ិEQ FG RCUCLG
TQU 'UVCEK´P FGN 'UVG 'UVCEK´P FGN 0QTVG 'UVCEK´P FGN 7 Turismo
5WT 'UVCEK´P FG (GPIVCK [ 'UVCEK´P FG )WCPI CPOGP
# RGUCT FGN FC²Q ECWUCFQ RQT NC 4GXQNWEK´P %WNVWTCN [ GN
*C[ N®PGCU FG HGTTQECTTKN C %CPV´P 5JCPIJ¢K *CTDKP
ETGEKOKGPVQ WTDCPQ EQOQ NC FGOQNKEK´P FG NQU IºU²OH
$CQVQW 6CK[WCP %JGPIFG [ 3KPJWCPIFCQ CU® EQOQ N®
VQFCX®C GZKUVGP CNIWPCU CVTCEEKQPGU JKUV´TKECU .CU O¢U
PGCU KPVGTPCEKQPCNGU JCEKC 2KQP[CPI -QYNQQP [ 4WUKC
EQPQEKFCU UQP NC CORNKCEK´P FG #BEBMJOH FG NC )TCP /W
TCNNC %JKPC GN 2CNCEKQ FG 8GTCPQ Q NC %KWFCF 2TQJKDKFC
2QT UW XCNQT JKUV´TKEQ RQN®VKEQ [ EWNVWTCN VCODKªP GU OW[
• .®PGC FG #NVC 8GNQEKFCF 2GM®P6KCPL®P
XKUKVCFC NC 2NC\C FG 6KCP CPOGP
.WICTGU HCOQUQU

6.2 Carreteras

$JVEBE 1SPIJCJEB

• .C %KWFCF 2TQJKDKFC

• .C RNC\C FG 6KCP CPOGP

$JDMJTUBT Z BVUPN³WJMFT FO 1FL­O
• .C )TCP /WTCNNC %JKPC

2GM®P GUV¢ EQPGEVCFC RQT ECTTGVGTC Q CWVQRKUVC EQP VQFQ GN • .CU 6WODCU /KPI
TGUVQ FG %JKPC 'N CWOGPVQ FGN P»OGTQ FG CWV´OQXKNGU [
NC FKUOKPWEK´P FGN WUQ FG DKEKENGVCU FGDKFQ CN ETGEKOKGPVQ • 'N 6GORNQ FGN %KGNQ
GEQP´OKEQ FG NC EKWFCF GUV¢ CITCXCPFQ GN RTQDNGOC FG • 'N 2CNCEKQ FG 8GTCPQ
NQU CVCUEQU GURGEKCNOGPVG GP JQTC RWPVC # GUVQ JC[ SWG
C²CFKT GN GUECUQ FGUCTTQNNQ FGN VTCPURQTVG R»DNKEQ • .CU 4WKPCU FGN #PVKIWQ 2CNCEKQ FG 8GTCPQ
 

• )WNQW [ <JQPINQW =? l#UKCP )COGU|

GP KPINªU %QPUGLQ 1N®ORKEQ FG #UKC
 %QPUWNVCFQ GN  FG PQXKGODTG FG 
• /WUGQ FGN *QODTG FG 2GM®P GP <JQWMQWFKCP

2CVTKOQPKQ /WPFKCN FG NC *WOCPKFCF =? l
|
GP EJKPQU
UKORNKិECFQU #FOKPKUVTCEK´P /GVGQTQN´IKEC FG %JKPC
%QPUWNVCFQ GN  FG CDTKN FG 

8 Clima =? l'ZVTGOG 6GORGTCVWTGU #TQWPF VJG 9QTNF|

GP KPINªU
%QPUWNVCFQ GN  FG CDTKN FG 

'N ENKOC FG 2GM®P GU EQPVKPGPVCN [ GUV¢ KPីWKFQ RQT UW

DCLC CNVKVWF
GU EQPUGEWGPVGOGPVG CNIQ O¢U E¢NKFQ .QU
KPXKGTPQU UQP OW[ HT®QU [ UGEQU EQP O®PKOCU SWG H¢EKN 12 Enlaces externos
OGPVG FGUEKGPFGP C − q% Q OGPQU CWPSWG C FKHGTGPEKC
EQP NCU TGIKQPGU RT´ZKOCU SWG UG GPEWGPVTCP O¢U CN KPVG • 9KMKOGFKC %QOOQPU CNDGTIC EQPVGPKFQ OWNVK
TKQT [ SWG UG GPEWGPVTCP C OC[QT CNVKVWF NCU O®PKOCU PQ OGFKC UQDTG Pekín%QOOQPU
UQP VCP DCLCU [ GN KPXKGTPQ UG JCEG O¢U UQRQTVCDNG FWTCP
VG GUVC GUVCEK´P RTGFQOKPCP NQU F®CU EQP PKGDNC EQP CDWP • 9KMKXKCLGU CNDGTIC IW®CU FG XKCLGU FG Q UQDTG
FCPVGU JWOQU RTQEGFGPVGU FG NC EQPVCOKPCEK´P CVOQUHª Pekín 9KMKXKCLGU
TKEC FG NC EKWFCF SWG TGFWEGP NC XKUKDKNKFCF [ ETGCP ECNKPC
#WPSWG NCU VGORGTCVWTCU UGCP DCLCU NCU PGXCFCU UQP QEC
UKQPCNGU [ CRQTVCP RQEC RTGEKRKVCEK´P .C RTKOCXGTC [ GN • 9KMEKQPCTKQ VKGPG FGិPKEKQPGU [ QVTC KPHQTOC
QVQ²Q UQP GUVCEKQPGU FG VTCPUKEK´P EQP RQECU RTGEKRKVC EK´P UQDTG Pekín9KMEKQPCTKQ
EKQPGU TGNCVKXCU 'N XGTCPQ GU E¢NKFQ [ J»OGFQ EQP O¢
ZKOCU SWG IGPGTCNOGPVG NNGICP C  q% [ GU EWCPFQ UG
EQKPEKFG EQP NCU OC[QTGU ECPVKFCFGU FG RTGEKRKVCEK´P GP • 9KMEKQPCTKQ VKGPG FGិPKEKQPGU [ QVTC KPHQTOC
F®CU FG VQTOGPVC Q FG NNWXKC ITCEKCU CN OQP\´P .C VGO EK´P UQDTG Beijing9KMEKQPCTKQ
RGTCVWTC OGFKC CPWCN GU FG  ITCFQU EGPV®ITCFQU
• 9KMKSWQVG CNDGTIC HTCUGU EªNGDTGU FG Q UQDTG
Pekín 9KMKSWQVG
9 Ciudades hermanadas
• 9KMKPQVKEKCU VKGPG PQVKEKCU TGNCEKQPCFCU EQP
Pekín9KMKPQVKEKCU
10 Véase también
• $GKLKPI 1ឹEKCN 9GDUKVG +PVGTPCVKQPCN
• 2QTVCN2GM®P %QPVGPKFQ TGNCEKQPCFQ EQP • $GKLKPI +PHQ 9GDUKVG +PVGTPCVKQPCN
Pekín
• /CRC FG $GKLKPI
• #ORNKCEK´P FGN #GTQRWGTVQ +PVGTPCEKQPCN FG 2GM®P
•
• ,WGIQU 1N®ORKEQU FG 8GTCPQ FG 2GM®P 
• JVVRURCPKUJXKUKVDGKLKPIEQOEPRNC[
• %CRKVCNGU JKUV´TKECU FG %JKPC GPVGTVCKPOGPVPUJVON+OCIGP FG
UCVªNKVG FG NC EKWFCF GP 0#5# 'CTVJ 1DUGTXCVQT[

11 Referencias
=? l$GKLKPI RQRWNCVKQP TGCEJGU  OKNNKQP| (MPCBM 5JNFT

=?

=? .WKU 5KNXC8KNNCT l+FKQOC 2GM®P EQPVTC $GKLKPI| GP -B

0QJOJ³O
/ªZKEQ  FG CIQUVQ FG 

=? l$GKLKPIཐU RQRWNCVKQP GZEGGFU  OKNNKQP| %JKPC &CKN[

 FG HGDTGTQ FG 

=? &CVQU DCUCFQU GP NCU GUVCF®UVKECU FG  RWDNKECFCU GP

GN #PWCTKQ 'UVCF®UVKEQ 0CEKQPCN FG %JKPC FKURQPKDNG GP
  %QPUWNVCFQ
GN  FG CDTKN FG