WORK AND ENERGY 3

CHAPTER

(i) Magnitude of the force, and

CONTENTS (ii) Distance through which the body moves (in
 Work the direction of force)

 Work Done Analysis  Unit of Work
  Power When a force of 1 newton moves a body through
 Energy a distance of 1 metre in its own direction, then
 Mechanical Energy the work done is known as 1 joule.
 Law of conservation of Energy Initial position
of the body
Final position
of the body

 Interconversion of potential and F

kinetic energy A B
S
 Transformation of Energy
Work = Force × Displacement
1 joule = 1 N × 1 m
or 1J = 1 Nm (In SI unit)

Ex.1 How much work is done by a force of 10N in

 WORK moving an object through a distance of 1 m in
 Definition : In our daily life "work" implies an the direction of the force ?
activity resulting in muscular or mental Sol. The work done is calculated by using the
exertion. However, in physics the term 'work' formula:
is used in a specific sense involves the W=F×S
displacement of a particle or body under the Here, Force, F = 10 N
action of a force. "work is said to be done And, Distance, S = 1 m
when the point of application of a force So, Work done, W = 10 × 1 J
moves. = 10 J
Work done in moving a body is equal to the Thus, the work done is 10 joules
product of force exerted on the body and the Ex.2 Find the work done by a force of 10 N in
distance moved by the body in the direction moving an object through a distance of 2 m.
of force. Sol. Work done = Force × Distance moved
Work = Force × Distance moved in the Here, Force = 10 N
direction of force. Distance moved = 2 m
 The work done by a force on a body depends Work done, W = 10 N × 2 m
on two factors : = 20 Joule = 20 J
 Ex.5 Calculate the work done in raising a bucket
full of water and weighing 200 kg through a
 WORK DONE ANALYSIS height of 5 m. (Take g = 9.8 ms–2).
 Work done when force and displacement are Sol. Force of gravity
along same line. mg = 200 × 9.8 = 1960.0 N
h=5m
 Work done by a force : Work is said to be
Work done, W = mgh
done by a force if the direction of
or W= 1960 × 5 = 9800 J
displacement is the same as the direction of
the applied force.  Work done when force and displacement are
inclined (Oblique case)
 Work done against the force : Work is said
Consider a force 'F' acting at angle to the
to be done against a force if the direction of direction of displacement 's' as shown in fig.
the displacement is opposite to that of the F sin 
force. F

 Work done against Gravity : To lift an F cos 
object, an applied force has to be equal and A B w = f × s ×cos
opposite to the force of gravity acting on the S
object. If 'm' is the mass of the object and 'h'
 Work done when force is perpendicular to
is the height through which it is raised, then
Displacement
the upward force = 90º
(F) = force of gravity = mg W = F.S × cos 90º = F.S × 0 = 0
Thus no work is done when a force acts at
If 'W' stands for work done, then right angle to the displacement.
W = F . h = mg . h
Special Examples :
Thus W = mgh
 When a bob attached to a string is whirled
Therefore we can say that, "The amount of along a circular horizontal path, the force
work done is equal to the product of weight acting on the bob acts towards the centre of
of the body and the vertical distance through the circle and is called as the centripetal
which the body is lifted. force. Since the bob is always displaced
perpendicular to this force, thus no work is
Ex.3 Calculate the work done in pushing a cart, done in this case.
through a distance of 100 m against the force  Earth revolves around the sun. A satellite
of friction equal to 120 N. moves around the earth. In all these cases, the
Sol. Force, F = 120 N; Distance, s = 100 m direction of displacement is always
perpendicular to the direction of force
Using the formula, we have
(centripetal force) and hence no work is done.
W = Fs = 120 N × 100 m = 12,000 J
 A person walking on a road with a load on his
Ex.4 A body of mass 5 kg is displaced through a head actually does no work because the
distance of 4m under an acceleration of 3 weight of the load (force of gravity) acts
m/s2. Calculate the work done. vertically downwards, while the motion is
Sol. Given :mass, m = 5 kg horizontal that is perpendicular to the
direction of force resulting in no work done.
acceleration, a = 3 m/s2
Here, one can ask that if no work is done,
Force acting on the body is given by then why the person gets tired. It is because
F = ma = 5 × 3 = 15 N the person has to do work in moving his
Now, work done is given by muscles or to work against friction and air
W= Fs = 15 N × 4 m = 60 J resistance.
Ex.6 A boy pulls a toy cart with a force of 100 N W
P=
by a string which makes an angle of 60º with t
the horizontal so as to move the toy cart by a Here, W = 11250 J; t = 5 s
distance horizontally. Calculate the work 11250J
 Power P = = 2250 W = 2.250 kW
done. 5s
Sol. Given F = 100 N, s = 3 m, = 60º.
Ex.9 A weight lifter lifted a load of 100 kg to a
Work done is given by
height of 3 m in 10 s. Calculate the following:
W = Fs cos = 100 × 2 × cos 60º
(i) amount of work done
1 1 (ii) power developed by him
= 100 × 3 × = 150 J (cos 60º = )
2 2
Sol. (i) Work done is given by
Ex.7 An engine does 64,000 J of work by exerting W=F.s
a force of 8,000 N. Calculate the Here, F = mg = 100 × 10 = 1000 N
displacement in the direction of force. W = 1000 N × 3 m = 3000 joule
Sol. Given W = 64,000 J; F = 8,000 N W
(ii) Now, P = , where W = 3000 J and t = 10 s 
Work done is given by W = Fs t
or 64000 = 8000 × s 3000 J
   P = = 300 W
or s=8m 10 s

 POWER Ex.10 A water pump raises 60 liters of water

through a height of 20 m in 5 s. Calculate the
 Definition : Power is defined as the rate of doing power of the pump. (Given: g = 10 m/s2,
work
density of water = 1000 kg/m3)
Work done W
Power =  P= Sol. Work done, W = F.s ...(1)
Time taken t
In other words, power is the work done per unit Here, F = mg ...(2)
time, power is a scalar quantity. But,Mass = volume × density
Since W = F.S therefore Volume = 60 liters = 60 × 10–3 m3
W FS Density = 1000 kg/m3
P= = = F × V = force × velocity
t t
 Mass , m = (60 × 10–3 m3) × (1000 kg/m3)
 Unit of power : The S.I. unit of power is watt
and it is the rate of doing work at 1 joule per = 60 kg
second.  Equation (2) becomes
1 joule F = 60 kg × 10 m/s2 = 600 N
1 watt =
1seconds Now, W = F . s = 600 N × 20 m = 12000 J 
1 kilowatt = 1 kW = 1000 W W 12000J
Power = = = 2400 W
1 Horse power = 1 H.P. = 746 W t 5s
Ex.8 A machine raises a load of 750 N through a Ex.11 A woman pulls a bucket of water of total
height of 15 m in 5s. Calculate : mass 5 kg from a well which is 10 m deep in
(i) the work done by the machine. 10 s. Calculate the power used by her.
(ii) the power at which the machine works. Sol. Given that m = 5 kg; h = 10 m; t = 10 s
Sol. (i) Work done is given by W = F.s g = 10 m/s2
Here F = 750 N; s = 15 m W mgh 5  10  10
Now,P = = = = 50W
 W = 750 × 15 = 11250 J t t 10
= 11.250 kJ
(ii) Now, power of the machine is given by
 m
 ENERGY
v
 Definition : Energy is the ability to do work. The
amount of energy possessed by a body is equal to S
A B
the amount of work it can do when its energy is Suppose a body of mass m is moving with a
released. Thus, energy is defined as the capacity velocity v and is brought to rest by an
of doing work. Energy is a scalar quantity and it opposing force F.
exists in various forms. Now retarding force is given by
F = ma ...(1)
 Units of energy : The units of energy are the
Now using the equation of motion,
same as that of work. In SI system, the unit of
energy is joule (J). In CGS system, the unit of v2 – u2 = 2as, we get
energy is erg. 02 = v2 – 2as
v2
1 Joule = 107 ergs  s= ...(2)
2a
Other units of energy in common use are watt- Kinetic energy of the body = work done by
hour and kilowatt hour. the retarding force
or Kinetic energy = force × displacement
1 watt-hour = 1 watt × 1 hour = F . s ...(3)
= 1 watt × 60 × 60 sec Substituting the value of F from equation (1)
and the value of s from equation (2) in
= 3600 J equation (3), we get
1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 3.6 × 106 Joule v2 1
K.E. = ma × = mv2
2a 2
Heat energy is usually measured in calorie or Thus, a body of mass m and moving with a
kilocalorie such that velocity v has the capacity of doing work
1 calorie = 4.18 J 1
equal to mv2 before it stops.
2
A very small unit of energy is electron volt(eV).
Ex.12 A bullet of mass 100 gm is fired with a
1 eV = 1.6 × 10–19 J velocity 50 m/s from a gun. Calculate the
kinetic energy of the bullet.
 MECHANICAL ENERGY Sol. Kinetic energy is given by
The energy possessed by a body due to its state 1
K.E. = mv2
of rest or state of motion is called mechanical 2
energy. Here m = 100 gm = 0.1 kg; v = 500 m/s
Mechanical energy is of two types– 1
K.E. = × 0.1 × (50)2
(A) Kinetic Energy (B) Potential Energy. 2
Kinetic Energy : The energy of a body due to its 1
= × 0.1 × 50 × 50 = 125 J
motion is called kinetic energy. In other words. 2
The ability of a body to do work by virtue of its Ex.13 A 4 kg body is dropped from the top of a
motion is called its kinetic energy. building of height 2.5 m. With what velocity


Expression for Kinetic Energy : The kinetic will it strike the ground ? What is its kinetic
energy of a body is measured in terms of the energy when it strikes the ground ?
amount of work done by an opposing force that
(Takes g = 9.8 m/s2)
brings the body to rest from its present state of
motion.
Sol. Velocity of the body with which it strikes the  Expression for Potential Energy :
ground can be calculated by using the Suppose a body of mass m be lifted from the
equation, v2 = u2 + 2gh ground to a vertical height h, then the
Here u = 0; g = 9.8 m/s2 ; h = 2.5 m minimum force required to lift the body is
Substituting these values, we get equal to the force of gravity, i.e.
v2 = 02 + 2 × 9.8 × 2.5 = 49
F = mg
or v = 7 m/s
Thus, the speed of the body with which it This force of gravity acts on the body
strikes the ground = 7 m/s. vertically downwards.
Ex.14 Calculate the velocity of 4 kg mass with Now, work done in lifting the body to a
kinetic energy of 128 J. height h will be
Sol. The formula for kinetic energy is given by Work = force × distance = mgh
1 This work done is stored as potential energy
K.E. = mv2
2 in the body such that
Here K.E. = 128 J; m = 4 kg
Potential energy, U = mgh, i.e. gain in
1
 128 = × 4 × v2 potential energy of the body and the earth.
2
or v2 = 64; or v = 8 m/s
Ex.16 What will be the potential energy of a body of
Ex.15 Which would have a greater effect on the mass 2 kg kept at a height of 10 m ?
kinetic energy of an object, doubling the mass Sol. The potential energy is given by
or doubling the velocity ? U = mgh
Sol. (i) The kinetic energy of a body is directly Here,m = 2 kg; g = 10 m/s2; h = 10 m
proportional to its "mass" (m). So, if we
 U = 2 × 10 × 10 = 200 J
double the mass (so that it becomes 2m), then
the kinetic energy will also get doubled.
Ex.17 In lifting a mass of 25 kg to a certain height
(ii) On the other hand, kinetic energy of a body is 1250 J energy is utilized. Calculate to what
directly proportional to the "square of its height it has been lifted ? (Take g = 10 m/s2)
velocity" (v2). So, if we double the velocity Sol. In lifting a mass through a height h the work
(so that it becomes 2v), then the kinetic done is given by
energy will become four times. This is
U = mgh
because : (2v)2 = 4v2.
Here, U = 1250 J; g = 10 m/s2; m = 25 kg
It is clear from the above discussion that
doubling the velocity has a greater effect on  1250 = 25 × 10 × h
the kinetic energy of an object. or h=5m

 Potential Energy
 LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Thus the energy possessed by a body by
Energy can neither be created nor be
virtue of its position or change in shape is destroyed, it can only be changed from one
known as potential energy. It is obvious that a form to another. Appearing amount of energy
body may possess energy even when it is not in one form is always equal to the
in motion. disappearing amount of energy in some other
form. The total energy thus remains constant.
 INTER CONVERSION OF POTENTIAL  TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY

AND KINETIC ENERGY
Energy  Definition : The change of one form of energy
into another form of energy is known as
Mechanical Energy of a Freely Falling Body :
transformation of energy.
Assume, a body of mass m is at rest at a height
 Different Forms of Energy
h from the earth's surface, as it starts falling, its
velocity after travelling a distance x (point B)  Heat energy : Burning of fuels like diesel or
becomes v and its velocity on the earth's surface petrol in vehicles provides heat energy to do
is v'. work.
Mechanical energy of the body at point A :  Electrical energy : Electric motors are used
EA = Kinetic energy + Potential energy in home, industry and even for driving
electric trains.
EA = m(0)2 + mgh
EA = mgh ……… (i)  Light energy : When light energy falls on
light-meter used in photography, it causes its
Mechanical energy of the body at point B : pointer to move across a scale.

1  Sound energy : Sound energy causes a thin

EB = mv2 + mg (h – x) ……. ..(ii)
2 plate of microphone diaphragm to vibrate.
A
 Chemical energy : Chemical energy is the
x source of energy in our food and it provides
h
us energy to move the various objects.
B
C (h–x)  Nuclear Energy : The energy in the nucleus
GROUND of an atom is used to produce heat energy
Mechanical energy of the body at point C : which in turn is used to generate electrical
power.
1
EC = m (v')2 + mg × 0
2 Energy tranformation
Device used
Form to
1 Steam engine Heat Mechanical
EC = m (v')2 ……..(iv)
2 Electric fan Electrical Mechanical
Use : EA = E B = E c Electric lamp Electrical Light and Heat
Electric heater Electrical Heat
Hence, when a body falls freely, its mechanical Microphone Sound Electrical
energy will be constant. That means, the total Solar cell Solar heat Electrical
energy of the body during free fall, remains Photo-cell Light Electrical
constant at all positions. However, the form of Car engine Chemical Heat, Mechanical
energy keeps on changing at all points during the Electric cell/batteries Chemical Electrical

motion.
 A swinging simple pendulum is an example of
T.E. conservation of energy :
Energy

This is because a swinging simple pendulum is a

P.E. K.E. body whose energy can either be potential or
kinetic, or a mixture of potential and kinetic, but
A C its total energy at any instant of time remains the
position
same.
 Rigid or a = –5 m/s2
support
Thread Force exerted by the brakes is given by
F = ma
Bob Herem = 1200 kg; a = – 5 m/s2
C B
Extreme A Extreme  F = 1200 × (–5) = – 6000 N
position (PE + KE) (PE + KE) position
(only P.E.) Centre The negative sign shows that it is a retarding
(only P.E.)
position
(only K.E.) force. Now, the work done by the brakes is
given by
 When the pendulum bob is at position B, it W = Fs
has only potential energy (but no kinetic
Here F = 6000 N; s = 40 m
energy).
 W = 6000 × 40 J = 240000 J
 As the bob starts moving down from position
= 2.4 × 105 J
B to position A, its potential energy goes on
decreasing but its kinetic energy goes on  Work done by the brakes = 2.4 × 105 J
increasing.
Ex.19 A horse applying a force of 800 N in pulling a
 When the bob reaches the centre position A, cart with a constant speed of 20 m/s.
it has only kinetic energy (but no potential Calculate the power at which horse is
energy). working.
 As the bob goes from position A towards Sol. Power, P is given by force × velocity, i.e.
position C, its kinetic energy goes on P=F.v
decreasing but its potential energy goes on
Here F = 800 N; v = 20 m/s
increasing.
 P = 800 × 20 = 16000 watt
 On reaching the extreme position C, the bob
= 16 kW
stops for a very small instant of time. So at
position C, the bob has only potential energy
Ex.20 A boy keeps on his palm a mass of 0.5 kg. He
(but no kinetic energy).
lifts the palm vertically by a distance of 0.5
Miscellaneous Examples : m. Calculate the amount of work done.
Ex.18 A car weighing 1200 kg and travelling at a Use g = 9.8 m/s2.
speed of 20 m/s stops at a distance of 40 m Sol. Work done, W = F . s
retarding uniformly. Calculate the force
Here, force F of gravity applied to lift the
exerted by the brakes. Also calculate the work
mass, is given by
done by the brakes.
F = mg
Sol. In order to calculate the force applied by the
brakes, we first calculate the retardation. = (0.5 kg) × (9.8 m/s 2)
Initial speed, u = 20 m/s; final speed, = 4.9 N
v = 0, distance covered, s = 90 m and s = 0.5 m
Using the equation, v2 = u2 + 2as, we get Therefore, W = (4.9) . (0.5m) = 2.45 J.
02 = (20)2 + 2 × a × 40
or 80a = –400
Ex.21 A truck of mass 2500 kg is stopped by a force Now, to find out the ratio of kinetic energies
of 1000 N. It stops at a distance of 320 m. of the two bodies, we should divide equation
What is the amount of work done ? Is the (1) by equation (2), so that :
work done by the force or against the force? 1
mv 2
K.E. of first body 2
Sol. Here the force, F = 1000 N =
K.E. of second body 9
mv 2
Displacement, s = 320 m 2
Work done, W = F . s K.E. of first body 1
or = …. (3)
= (1000N) . (320 m) K.E. of second body 9
= 320000 J Thus, the ratio of the kinetic energies is 1 : 9.
In this case, the force acts opposite to the We can also write down the equation (3) as
direction of displacement. So the work is follows:
done against the force. K.E. of second body = 9 × K.E. of first body
That is, the kinetic energy of second body is 9
times the kinetic energy of the first body. It is
Ex.22 Two bodies of equal masses move with clear from this example that when the
uniform velocity v and 3v respectively. Find velocity (or speed) of a body is "tripled"
the ratio of their kinetic energies. (from v to 3v), then its kinetic energy
Sol. In this problem, the masses of the bodies are becomes "nine times".
equal, so let the mass of each body be m. We
will now write down the expression for the
kinetic energies of both the bodies separately.
(i) Mass of first body = m
Velocity of first body = v
1
So, K.E. of first body = mv2 ...(1)
2
(ii) Mass of second body = m
Velocity of second body = 3v
1
So, K.E. of second body = m(3v)2
2
1
= m × 9v2
2
9
= mv2 ...(2)
2
 EXERCISE - 1
Q.16 A satellite revolves around the earth in a
AVery Short Answer Type Questions circular orbit. Calculate the work done by the
force of gravity ?
Q.1 Is work a scalar or a vector quantity ?
Q.17 In which of the following case the work done
Q.2 What name is given to the product of force by a force will be maximum : when the angle
and distance ? between the direction of force and direction
Q.3 Give the units of work in SI system and in of motion is 0º or 90º ?
CGS system. Q.18 State two situations in which a body moves
Q.4 What is the work done, when the with uniform speed and force acts on the
displacement of a body is perpendicular to the body but work done on the body by the force
direction of force acting on it ? acting is zero.
Q.5 Give the SI unit of power. Q.19 What do you understand by the kinetic energy
Q.6 What is the relationship between watt and of a body ? Deduce the formula for kinetic
horse power ? energy.

Q.7 What are the units of work and energy ? Q.20 On what factors does the kinetic energy of a
body depend ?
Q.8 A cell converts one form of energy into /

another. Name the two forms. Q.21 What is the difference between potential
energy and kinetic energy ?
Q.9 Name the device which converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy. Q.22 When a ball is thrown vertically upwards, its
velocity goes on decreasing. What happens to
Q.10 Is energy a scalar quantity or a vector
its potential energy as its velocity becomes
quantity ?
zero ?
Q.11 What are the two different forms of
Q.23 State whether the following objects possess
mechanical energy ?
potential energy, kinetic energy or both ?
Q.12 How much work is done when a body of (i) A flying aeroplane
mass m is raised to a height h above the (ii) A stretched spring
ground ? (iii) A rotating ceiling fan
(iv) A man climbing upstairs
Q.13 How much work is done when a force of 1 N
(v) A stone placed on the roof
moves a body through a distance of 1 m in its
(vi) A running car
own direction ?
(vii)Water stored in a dam
Q.14 What is the power of a body which is doing
work at the rate of one joule per second ? Q.24 What do you understand by the term
"transformation of energy" ? Explain with an
example.
BShort Answer Type Questions
Q.25 A car of mass 1000 kg moving with a speed
Q.15 Write the formula for the work done on a of 10 m/s stops after moving a distance of 8
body when the force is applied at an angle m after applying the brakes. Calculate the
with the direction of motion of the body. force applied by the brakes and work done by
the brakes.
Q.26 A car is being driven by a force of 2.5 ×
CLong Answer Type Questions
1010N. Travelling at a constant speed of 5
m/s, it takes 2 minutes to reach a certain Q.35 Define the term work. What are the quantities
place. Calculate the work done. on which the amount of work done depends ?
Q.27 How much is the mass of a man if he has to How are they related to work ? What is the
do 2500 joules of work in climbing a tree 5 m condition for a force to do work on a body?
tall ? Q.36 Write the formula for work done on a body
Q.28 A man weighing 500 N carried a load of 100 when the body moves at an angle to the
N up a flight of stairs 4 m high in 5 seconds. direction of force. Give the meaning of each
What is the power ? symbol used. What will happen to the work
done if angle between the direction of force
Q.29 An athlete weighing 60 kg makes a high jump and motion of the body is increased
of 1.8 m. Determine the following : gradually? Will it increase, decrease or
(i) kinetic energy at the highest point. remain constant ?
(ii) potential energy at the highest point.
Q.37 Write an expression for the kinetic energy of
Q.30 If an electric bulb of 100 W is light up for 2 a body of mass m moving with a velocity v.
hrs, how much electrical energy will be Explain by an example what is meant by
consumed ? potential energy. Write down the expression
Q.31 A person weighing 800 N carries a packet for gravitational potential energy of a body of
from the base camp B to point A of a hill at a mass m placed at a height h above the surface
height of 1200 m. The weight of the packet is of the earth.
200 N. Calculate the following : Q.38 How can you explain the oscillation of a
(i) How much work he does against simple pendulum on the basis of conservation
gravity ? of energy ?
(ii) What is the potential energy of the packet
at A if it assumed to be zero at B ?
Q.32 A man weighing 600 N carries a load of 100
N up a flight of stairs 4 m high in 5 s.
Calculate the power.
Q.33 Water is falling on the blades of a turbine at
the rate of 6 × 103 kg/min. The height of the
fall is 10 m. Calculate the power of the motor
to be used.
Q.34 An electric motor drives a machine which
lifts a mass of 2 kg through a height of 6 m,
in 4 s at a constant speed. Assume g = 9.8 N
kg–1 and calculate (i) the amount of work
done and (ii) the power of the machine to lift
the mass of 2 kg.
 EXERCISE - 2
(C) force acts on the body in a direction
 Single Correct Answer Type Questions
perpendicular to the direction of the
Q.1 Work done upon a body is- displacement of the body
(D) force acts on the body and the body is either
(A) a vector quantity
displaced in the direction of force or
(B) a scalar quantity
opposite to the direction of force
(C) (A) and (B) both are correct
(D) none of these
Q.8 Force F acts on a body such that force F makes
Q.2 Work done - an angle  with the horizontal direction and the
(A) is always positive body is also displaced through a distance S in
(B) is always nagative the horizontal direction, then the work done by
(C) can be positive, negative or zero the force is -
(D) none of these (A) FS (B) FS cos 
(C) FS sin  (D) zero
Q.3 No work is done when -
(A) a nail is plugged in a wooden board Q.9 In tug of war work done by winning team is :
(B) a box is pushed along a horizontal floor (A) zero (B) positive
(C) there is no component of force parallel to (C) negative (D) none of these
the direction of motion
(D) there is no component of force Q.10 In tug of war work done by loosing team is :
perpendicular to the direction of motion (A) zero (B) positive
(C) negative (D) none of these
Q.4 A body at rest can have :
(A) speed (B) velocity Q.11 Work done by the force of gravity, when a body
(C) momentum (D) energy is lifted to height h above the ground is :
(A) zero (B) positive
Q.5 Types of mechanical energy are: (C) negative (D) none of these
(A) kinetic energy only
(B) potential energy only Q.12 When work is done on a body:
(C) kinetic energy and potential energy both (A) it gains energy
(D) neither kinetic energy nor potential energy (B) it looses energy
(C) its energy remains constant
Q.6 Work means: (D) none of these
(A) effort (B) interview
(C) achievement (D) get-together Q.13 Choose correct relation :
(A) 1 J = 105 erg
(B) 1 J = 107 erg
Q.7 Work is done on a body when :
(A) force acts on the body but the body is not (C) 1 J = 103 erg

displaced (D) none of these

(B) force does not act on the body but it is
displaced
Q.14 The kinetic energy of an object is K. If its Q.22 A spring is stretched. The potential energy in
velocity is doubled than its kinetic energy will stretching the spring-
be – (A) remains the same (B) increases
(A) K (B) 2K (C) decreases (D) becomes zero
K
(C) (D) 4K Q.23 The potential energy of a boy is maximum when
2
he is-
Q.15 Two bodies of mass 1 kg and 4 kg possess equal (A) standing
(B) sleeping on the ground
momentum. The ratio of their K.E.
(C) sitting on the ground
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 1 : 4
(D) sitting on chair
(C) 2 : 1 (D) 1 : 2

Q.24 The potential energy of a freely falling object

Q.16 Which one is not the unit of energy?
decreases continuously. What happens to the
(A) kilocalorie (B) kWh
loss of potential energy ?
(C) erg (D) watt
(A) It is continuously converted into sound
energy
(B) it is continuously converted into kinetic
Q.17 1 kg mass has K.E. of 1 J when its speed is-
energy
(A) 0.45 ms–1 (B) 1 ms–1
(C) it is continuously destroyed
(C) 1.4 ms–1 (D) 4.4 ms–1
(D) None of these

Q.18 When you compress a spring you do work on it.

Q.25 A device which converts mechanical energy
The elastic potential energy of the spring-
into electrical energy is known as-
(A) increases (B) decreases
(A) electric motor (B) lever
(C) disappears (D) remains constant (C) generator (D) microphone

Q.19 When a ball is thrown upward, its total energy- Q.26 The value of g on moon is 1/6th of the value of g
(A) increases (B) decreases on the earth. A man can jump 1.5 m high on the
(C) remains same (D) none of these earth. On moon he can jump up to a height of-
(A) 9 m (B) 7.5 m
Q.20 If a stone of mass 'm' falls a vertical distance 'd' (C) 6 m (D) 4.5 m
the decrease in gravitational potential energy is-
Mg Mg 2 Q.27 A raised hammer possess-
(A) (B) (A) kinetic energy only
d 2
(B) gravitational potential energy
Mg
(C) mgd (D) 2 (C) electrical energy
d
(D) sound energy
Q.21 An object of mass 10 kg falls from height 10
Q.28 An object of mass 1 kg has a P.E. of 1 J relative to
m.. Kinetic energy gained by the body will be
the ground when it is at a height of : (g = 9.8 m/s2).
approximately equal to-
(A) 0.10 m (B) 10 m
(A) 1000 J (B) 500 J
(C) 9.8 m (D) 32 m
(C) 100 J (D) None of these
Q.29 To lift a 5 kg mass to a certain height, amount Q.34 One horse power is
of energy spent is 245 J. The mass was raised to (A) 746 W (B) 550 W
a height of- (C) 980 W (D) 32 W
(A) 15 m (B) 10 m
(C) 7.5 m (D) 5 m Q.35 Power of a moving body is stored in the form
of-
Q.30 Chlorophyll in the plants convert the light
(A) Work and distance
energy into-
(B) force and distance
(A) heat energy (B) chemical energy
(C) force and velocity
(C) mechanical energy(D) electrical energy
(D) force and time

Q.31 Kilowatt is the unit of-

Q.36 A weight lifter lifts 240 kg from the ground to a
(A) energy (B) power
height of 2.5 m in 3 second his power is-
(C) force (D) momentum
(A) 1960 W (B) 19.6 W
Q.32 Work is product of time and- (C) 1.96 W (D) 196 W
(A) energy (B) power
(C) force (D) distance Q.37 Which of the following is not the unit of power ?
(A) J/s (B) Watt
Q.33 A young son work quickly for two hours and (C) kJ/h (D) kWh
prepares 16 items in a day. His old father works
slowly for eight hours and prepare 24 items a
day.
(A) son has more power
(B) son has more energy
(C) both have equal power
(D) both have equal energy
 ANSWER KEY

EXERCISE - 1

6. 1 watt = 746 H.P 12. mgh 13.1 Joule 14. 1 watt

25. 6250 N, 5 × 106 J 26. 15 × 1014 J 27. 50 kg 28. 480 W

29. (i) zero, (ii) 1080 J 30. 0.2 kWh 31.(i) 12 × 105 J, (ii) 2.4 × 105 J 32. 560 W

33. 10 kW 34. (i) 117.6 J (ii) 29.4 W

EXERCISE - 2
Ques 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans B C C D C C D B B C C A B D A
Ques 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Ans D C A C C A B A B C A B A D B
Ques 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
Ans B B A A C A D