Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Report for Structural Analysis and Design

By

Er. Sakar Shrestha

NEC 11439 CIVIL “A”

Owner :- Mrs. LAXMI ACHARYA Page 1

 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Table of Contents
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 7

2. Seismic Vulnerability of Nepal .............................................................................................................. 7

3. Philosophy of Seismic Design............................................................................................................... 8

4. Building Description ................................................................................................................................ 9

5. Structural System .................................................................................................................................... 9

6. Location of the Site ............................................................................................................................... 10

7. Preliminary Design ................................................................................................................................ 10

8. Weights and loads on building: ........................................................................................................... 13

9. Lateral Load estimation according to IS 1893:2002 ........................................................................ 15

10. Load Cases and Combinations ....................................................................................................... 21

11. Finite Element modeling and analysis of building using ETABS vs 16.2.1 .............................. 22

12. Loading on structural system .......................................................................................................... 27

13. Design of structural members ......................................................................................................... 35

14. Concluding Remarks ........................................................................................................................ 42

ANNEX ........................................................................................................................................................... 44

Reference Codes ......................................................................................................................................... 76

SUMMARY OF THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ...................................................................................... 77

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Auto lateral loads to stories (EQX) .......................................................................... 17

Figure 2 Auto lateral loads to stories (EQY) .......................................................................... 18

Figure 3 Story Shears (EQX) ................................................................................................... 19

Figure 4 Story Shears (EQY) ................................................................................................... 20

Figure 5 Finite element model of building .............................................................................. 23

Figure 6 First mode - Time period = 0.579sec ...................................................................... 24

Figure 7 Second mode - Time period = 0.558 sec ............................................................... 25

Figure 8 Third mode - Time period = 0.453 sec .................................................................... 26

Figure 9 Wall Loading................................................................................................................ 27

Figure 10 Loading due to floor finish ....................................................................................... 28

Figure 11 Live load .................................................................................................................... 29

Figure 12 Maximum Story Displacement (EQX) ................................................................... 31

Figure 13 Maximum Story Displacement (EQY) ................................................................... 32

Figure 14 Maximum Story Drifts (EQX) .................................................................................. 33

Figure 15 Maximum Story Drifts (EQY) .................................................................................. 34

Figure 16 Reinforcement details of Story 1 for beam obtained from ETABS vs 16.2.1.. 36

Figure 17 Reinforcement details of Story 2 for beam obtained from ETABS vs 16.2.1.. 37

Figure 18 Reinforcement details of Story 3 for beam obtained from ETABS vs 16.2.1.. 38

Figure 19 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID 1-1 as per ETABS vs

16.2.1 ........................................................................................................................................... 39

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 20 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID 2-2 as per ETABS vs

16.2.1 ........................................................................................................................................... 40

Figure 21 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID 3-3 as per ETABS vs

16.2.1 ........................................................................................................................................... 41

Figure 22 Column and Footing Details for Construction ...................................................... 80

Figure 23 COLUMN BEAM CAPACITY RATIO OF GRID 1-1 ............................................... 81

Figure 24 COLUMN BEAM CAPACITY RATIO OF GRID 2-2 ............................................... 82

Figure 25 COLUMN BEAM CAPACITY RATIO OF GRID 3-3 ............................................... 83

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Building Load as Calculated by ETABS vs 16.2.1.................................................. 14

Table 2 Auto lateral loads to stories from ETAB 16.2.1 ....................................................... 16

Table 3 Story shears from ETAB 16.2.1 ................................................................................. 16

Table 4 FOOTING REACTIONS ............................................................................................. 45

Table 5 MODAL MASS PARTICIPATING RATIO ................................................................ 46

Table 6 Design of Isolated Foundation ................................................................................... 47

Table 7 DESIGN OF SLAB ....................................................................................................... 48

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

This report comprises the summary of the design of the building of Mrs. Laxmi Acharya ,

Siddharthanagar Municipality ward no. 12, Rupandehi. The Kitta no is 115.The report

consists of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions made, the inputs made in

the design and the design output. During the design, it is assumed that the client will

completely follow the architectural as well as the structural design. It is also assumed

that the construction will be supervised by a professional engineer.

The designer will not be responsible if any alterations to the structural system is made

by the client or the contractor without the prior written permission from the designer, or

the alterations to the non-structural system is made such that the weight of each

individual floor or the weight of the building is altered by more than 10% of the design

weight of each floor and the total weight.

The design calculations and the derivations are limited to only a minimum to let the

concerned people know the methodology adopted. However, the calculations may be

provided to the client or the concerned authorities when needed, upon request.

DESIGNED BY

Er. Sakar Shrestha

NEC 11439 CIVIL “A”

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

1. Introduction

The basic aim of the structural design is to build a structure, which is safe, fulfilling the

intended purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and

maintenance cost, durable and also maintaining a good aesthetic appearance.

A building is considered to be structurally sound, if the individual elements and the

building as a whole satisfy the criteria for strength, stability and serviceability and in

seismic areas additional criteria for ductility and energy absorption capabilities. The

overall building must be strong enough to transfer all loads through the structure to the

ground without collapsing or losing structural integrity by rupture of the material at the

critical sections, by transformation of the whole or parts into mechanisms or by

instability.

Failure of one structural element (e.g., due to explosions or collisions) should not

cause progressive collapse of the entire structure. Such a building will normally

have alternate load paths or mechanisms to transfer loads safely to the foundation.

2. Seismic Vulnerability of Nepal

Nepal is located in the boundary of two colliding tectonic plates, namely, the Indian

Plate (Indo-Australian Plate) and the Tibetan Plate (Eurasian Plate). The Indian Plate is

constantly moving under the Tibetan Plate causing many minor and major earthquakes

in this region. As a result, Nepal has witnessed many major as well as minor

earthquakes during the past. Records of earthquakes are available in Nepal since 1255

A.D. Those records show that around 18 major earthquakes have shaken Nepal since

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

then. The 1833 A.D. earthquake and 1934 A.D Bihar-Nepal earthquakes were the most

destructive ones in the history of Nepal.

Thus structures to be built in Nepal need to be suitably designed and detailed, so

as to counteract the forces due to earthquakes.

3. Philosophy of Seismic Design

The probability of occurrence of severe earthquakes is much less than that of minor

earthquakes at a given site. Many of the structures may never experience severe

earthquakes during its lifetime. Construction of any ordinary structures to resist such

severe earthquakes without undergoing any damage may not be considered

economically feasible, as it may be far cheaper to repair or even rebuild the structure

after having severe and strong shaking. On the other hand, structures located in seismic

areas experience minor earthquakes rather frequently.Thus, in the event of severe and

strong shaking, the structure is allowed to have some damage which may be repairable

or even irreparable, but the structure will not be allowed to collapse completely, thereby

ensuring the safety of life and the property in the structure. In order that one does not

have to undertake frequent repair and retrofitting of the structure, the structure should

not have any damage during minor level of shaking. In case of moderate shaking the

structure is allowed to have some non-structural damage without endangering life and

property within the structure. During such event the level of damage should be such that

it can be economically repaired.

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may

actually experience during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo

damage in the event of a severe shaking, reliance is placed on the inelastic response of

the structure beyond yield. Therefore, structures have to be ductile and capable of

dissipating energy through inelastic actions. Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle

modes of failures. Brittle modes of failures include, shear and bond failure. Thus,

structures should be designed on Weak beam-Strong column philosophy.

4. Building Description

i. Type: Residential building

ii. Form:

• Plan Shape: Regular shaped

• Base Area: 1114 sq.ft.

• Number of Stories 3 stories

iii. Total Height: 9.60 m from ground

iv. Inter Storey Height:

Typical: - 3.2 m

5. Structural System

i. Material: Reinforced Cement Concrete

ii. Frame System: Special Moment Resisting Frame

iii. Floor System: Two-Way Solid Slab

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

iv. Foundation System: Isolated Foundation with strap

beam

6. Location of the Site

The proposed site of construction of Building is located at Siddharthanagar Municipality

ward no. 12, Rupandehi, Nepal. The area is moderately built up area.

7. Preliminary Design

For the analysis, dead load is also necessary which depends upon the size of member

itself. So it is necessary to pre-assume logical size of member which will neither

overestimate the load nor under estimate the stiffness of the building. So, the tentative

sizes of the structural elements are determined through the preliminary design so that

the pre-assumed dimensions may not deviate considerably after analysis thus making

the final design both safe and economical. Tentative sizes of various elements have

been determined as follows:

Slab:

Preliminary design of slab is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code

Clause 23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000]. The cover provided is 20 mm and the grade of concrete

used in the design is M20.

According to which,

Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value

Eff. Depth

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Where, the critical span is selected which is the maximum shorter span among the all

slab element. This is done to make uniformity in slab thickness. The amount of

reinforcement will be varied slab to slab but the thickness will be adopted corresponding

to the entire slab.

Beam:

Preliminary design of the beam is done as per the deflection criteria as directed by code

Clause 23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000] and ductility criteria of ACI code. The cover provided is

30 mm and the grade of concrete used in the design is M20.

According to which,

Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value x Correction Factor

Eff. Depth for span x Correction Factor for Flange

But,

According to Ductility code, Spacing of Stirrups in beam should not exceed d/4 or 8

times diameter of minimum size of bar adopted and should not be less than 100 mm.

So, for considering construction difficulties in actual field, it is logical to use d/4 as

spacing as per the construction practice in Nepal.

COLUMN:

Preliminary design of column is done from the assessment of approximate factored

gravity loads and live loads coming up to the critical section. To compensate the

possible eccentric loading and earthquake loads the size is increased by about 25% in

design. For the load acting in the column, live load is decreased according to IS 875:

1978. Initially a rectangular column is adopted in this building project so as to provide

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

internal aesthetics required from architecture point of view but the column size and

shape will vary as per the requirement for the analysis, design and aesthetic value. The

cover provided is 40 mm and the grade of concrete used in the column design is M20.

SLAB

Span of slab = 4.115 m

Percentage of steel = 0.1 % (assume)

From Clause 23.2.1 of [IS 456: 2000]

Using deflection criteria for combination of continuous and simply supported slab,
𝐿𝑒𝑓𝑓
= Mft x basic value
𝑑

Where,

Basic value = 23

Mft = 1.6 for 0.1 % tension steel

Therefore,

d = 4115/(23 x 1.6) = 111.81 mm

Adopt,

Effective depth d = 112 mm

Overall depth D = 112 + 15 = 127 mm = 5 inch

BEAM

Effective length of beam = 5.334 m

Assuming percentage of steel = 2 %

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Now,

Span ≤ (Mft x Mfc) x Basic Value x Correction Factor

Eff. Depth for span x Correction Factor for Flange

Where,

Mft = 0.7

Mfc = 1.25 for 1% steel

Correction factor for span = 1

Correction factor for flange = 1

Therefore,

d = 5334/ (0.79 x 1.25 x 23) = 234.85mm

Adopt

Effective depth d = 370 mm

Overall depth D = 400 mm

Width of beam b = 230 mm

Similarly, from the total weight of building, the tentative size of columns is assumed to

make the finite element model.

8. Weights and loads on building:

Load calculation is done using the IS 875:1978 as reference. At first type of material is

selected and value of unit weight of the materials is taken from the above mentioned

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

code. Thickness of the material is selected as per the design requirement. Knowing

area, thickness and unit weight of materials, loads on each section is found.

The following are assumed for detail load calculation.

i. R.C.C Slab, Beam and Column = 25.0 KN/m3

ii. Screed (25mm thick) = 19.2 KN/m3

iii. Cement Plaster (20mm thick) = 20.40 KN/m3

iv. Marble Dressed = 26.50 KN/m3

v. Live Load adopted = 2(Typical rooms) & 3(Staircase)

KN/m2

The calculated loads are presented in a tabular form:-

Table 1 Building Load as Calculated by ETABS vs 16.2.1

Load Case/Combo FZ
kN
Dead 1485.989
Live 550.868
Wall 1080.784
FF 258.363

Therefore, total seismic weight of building = W = 2962.854 KN

Loading pattern from slab to beam can be obtained by drawing 45° offset line from each

corner. Then obtained trapezoidal as well as triangular loading are converted into

equivalent uniformly distributed load. Lateral loads on the building frames are caused

primarily by wind pressure. In addition; earthquake shocks produce horizontal sway,

which results in inertia forces acting horizontally on the structure. But in an area like

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Rupandehi wind load is not so vital so, only the lateral load due to earthquake shock is

considered in this case. For the analysis and design of earthquake action following

methods has been applied in this building complex.

(a) The seismic co-efficient method

(b) The modal response spectrum method

9. Lateral Load estimation according to IS 1893:2002

Following assumptions have been made to estimate the total base shear in the

buildings:

Zone factor for Rupandehi according to IS code,

Z=0.36

Response reduction factor =5 for special moment resisting frame.

Importance factor =1

For the total height of the building H= 9.60m, empirical relation for fundamental

transaction period is given by the relation,

T=0.075*H^3/4 sec.

i.e. T=0.075*9.60^.75

T=0.409 Sec.

With this fundamental time period in medium soil type-II, a graphical interpolation has

been made to calculate spectral acceleration coefficient Sa/g.

Hence, the value of Sa/g = 2.5

i.e Horizontal acceleration spectrum Ah=0.09

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Vb = Ah * W = 0.09*2962.854 kN = 266.6568 KN

Table 2 Auto lateral loads to stories from ETAB 16.2.1

Story LATERAL LOADS
Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN

Story3 9.6012 Top 111.31 111.31

Story2 6.4008 Top 115.89 115.89
Story1 3.2004 Top 34.907 34.907
Base 0 Top 0 0

Table 3 Story shears from ETAB 16.2.1

Story SHEARS
Story Elevation Location X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story3 9.6012 Top -111.31 -111.31
Bottom -111.31 -111.31
Story2 6.4008 Top -227.2 -227.2
Bottom -227.2 -227.2
Story1 3.2004 Top -262.11 -262.11

Bottom -262.11 -262.11

Base 0 Top 0 0

Bottom 0 0

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 1 Auto lateral loads to stories (EQX)

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Figure 2 Auto lateral loads to stories (EQY)

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Figure 3 Story Shears (EQX)

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Figure 4 Story Shears (EQY)

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10. Load Cases and Combinations

a) Load Cases

Load cases are the independent loadings for which the structure is explicitly analyzed.

Earthquake forces occur in random fashion in all directions. For buildings whose lateral

load resisting elements are oriented in two principal directions, it is usually sufficient to

analyze in these to principal directions (X – and Y – direction) separately one at a time.

Thus, the load cases adopted are as follows:

i. Dead Load (DL)

ii. Live Load (LL)

iii. Earthquake load in +ve X- direction

iv. Earthquake load in - ve X- direction

v. Earthquake load in +ve Y- direction

vi. Earthquake load in - ve Y- direction

b) Load Combinations

Load combinations are the loadings formed by the linear combination of the

independent loading conditions. The different load cases have been combined as per IS

code. The load combinations are as follows:

i. 1.5 DL + 1.5 LL

ii. 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 EQ (+X)

iii. 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2EQ (-X)

iv. 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2EQ (+Y)

v. 1.2 DL + 1.2 LL + 1.2 EQ (-Y)

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

vi. 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQ (+X)

vii. 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQ (-X)

viii. 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQ (+Y)

ix. 0.9 DL + 1.5 EQ (-Y)

x. 1.5 DL + 1.5 EQ (+X)

xi. 1.5 DL + 1.5 EQ (-X)

xii. 1.5 DL + 1.5 EQ (+Y)

xiii. 1.5 DL + 1.5 EQ (-Y)

11. Finite Element modeling and analysis of building using ETABS vs 16.2.1

The FE model of building is developed in ETABS vs 16.2.1, a general purpose FE

analysis and design software. The size of beams and columns as obtained from

preliminary analysis are adjusted according to architectural need. Beam and columns

are modeled as frame element. Slabs are also modeled as shell element. The 3D model

is assumed to be fixed at tie beam level. Suitable assumptions are made and FE model

as shown in Fig 5 is developed. The first three modes of vibrations are shown in Fig 6,

7 & 8.

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 5 Finite element model of building

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Figure 6 First mode - Time period = 0.579sec

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Figure 7 Second mode - Time period = 0.558 sec

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Figure 8 Third mode - Time period = 0.453 sec

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

12. Loading on structural system

i. Wall Loading

Figure 9 Wall Loading

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ii. Loading due to floor finish

Figure 10 Loading due to floor finish

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

iii. Live load

Figure 11 Live load

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Beam and column are assumed to be line element having six degree of freedom at

each node and slab is assumed to be shell element having six degree of freedom.

Loading due to wall, floor finish and live load is as shown in figure above and analysis is

done by static method (seismic coefficient method) as well as dynamic method

(response spectrum method using IS 1893:2002 spectrum). Although the time period

from FE model is little bit higher than from codal formula, the base shear corresponding

to codal formula (time period) is imposed in the FE model for design purpose. In

addition to seismic coefficient method, Response spectrum analysis is also performed

regarding its complicated configuration. Base shear during dynamic analysis is less than

that of static analysis. Thus base shear due to response spectrum analysis was

multiplied by a factor equals to base shear of static analysis divided by base shear due

to dynamic analysis. The factor used is equal to 1in x direction and 1 in y direction. Load

combinations and other data are taken from IS codes. The static and dynamic analysis

is carried out to obtain member forces. The numbers of modes considered are 12 and

mass participation in both directions is more than 90% at mode 4. From the different

combinations, severe values of bending moment, shear force and axial loads are taken

for design purpose.

The maximum top displacement under extreme load condition (EQy and EQx) is about

15.33 mm and the maximum story drift is .001861 which is in the permissible value

prescribed by the code.

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 12 Maximum Story Displacement (EQX)

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Figure 13 Maximum Story Displacement (EQY)

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Figure 14 Maximum Story Drifts (EQX)

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 15 Maximum Story Drifts (EQY)

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

13. Design of structural members

i. Design of slab

The slabs are kept in such a way that ly/lx is kept less than 2 such that it can be

designed as two way slab. The slab is designed manually on excel sheet based on IS

456:2000. Where, type of panel 4 indicates that the 2 adjacent edges are discontinuous.

Similarly other slab were also analyzed and designed as per IS 456:2000.The design of

slab has been calculated in the excel sheet given on ANNEX.

ii. Design of Beam

The beams are designed with the help of ETABS vs 16.2.1 and checked manually. The

calculation of reinforcement on typical section of beam is obtained as shown below in

Figure 16, 17 & 18.

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 16 Reinforcement details of Story 1 for beam obtained from ETABS vs

16.2.1

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 17 Reinforcement details of Story 2 for beam obtained from ETABS vs

16.2.1

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 18 Reinforcement details of Story 3 for beam obtained from ETABS vs

16.2.1

iii. Design of Column

The square columns are designed with the help of ETABS vs. 16.2.1 and checked

manually. The calculation of longitudinal reinforcement of typical elements is shown

below in Figure. The method carried out during the structural analysis is verified with

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

other possible methods. There is not significant change in the design values. The

interaction curve provided in literature is then used to design these columns.The design

of column has been calculated in the excel sheet given on ANNEX:

Figure 19 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID 1-1 as per

ETABS vs 16.2.1

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 20 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID 2-2 as per

ETABS vs 16.2.1

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 21 Longitudinal Reinforcement required of column of GRID 3-3 as per

ETABS vs 16.2.1

iv. Design of foundation

The foundations used in the building are of isolated foundation as per the requirements.

The soil type is assumed to be of medium type. Allowable bearing capacity of soil is 120

KN/m2. The design of footing has been calculated in the excel sheet given on ANNEX:

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

v. Design of staircase

The staircase used in the building is of Dog legged staircase type. The design of

staircase is done manually and is presented on excel sheet below.

14. Concluding Remarks

Reinforced concrete construction is common all over the world. It is used extensively for

construction of variety of structures such as buildings, bridges, dams, water tanks,

stadium, towers, chimneys, tunnels and so on.

Experiences from past earthquakes and extensive laboratory works have shown that a

well-designed and detailed reinforced concrete structure is suitable for earthquake

resistant structure. Ductility and strength required to resist major earthquake can be

achieved by following the recommendations made in the standard codes of practice for

earthquake resistant design.

Detailing of steel reinforcement is an important aspect of structural design. Poor

reinforcement detailing can lead to structural failures. Detailing plays an important role

in seismic resistant design. In seismic resistant design, actual forces experienced by the

structure are reduced and reliance is placed on the ductility of the structure. And,

ductility can be achieved by proper detailing only. Thus, in addition to design, attention

should be paid on amount, location and arrangement of reinforcement to achieve

ductility as well as strength.

Design and construction of the structure are inter – related jobs. A building behaves in a

manner how it has been built rather than what the intensions is during designing. A

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

large percentage of structural failures are attributed due to poor quality of construction.

Therefore, quality assurance is needed in both design and construction.

In earthquake resistant construction quality of materials and workmanship plays a very

important role. It has been observed that damages during earthquakes are largely

dependent on the quality and workmanship. Hence, quality assurance is the most

important factor in the good seismic behavior of the structure.

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

ANNEX

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Table 4 FOOTING REACTIONS

FOOTING REACTIONS

Joint Load FZ MX MY
Story DESIGNATION
Label Case/Combo
kN kN-m kN-m
Base 1 DCon2 537.904 -10.743 15.893 F4
Base 2 DCon2 626.184 7.0195 14.088 F5
Base 3 DCon2 450.921 2.1025 12.54 CF
Base 4 DCon2 306.284 3.3734 7.3417 CF
Base 5 DCon2 671.518 -13.96 -12.815 F5
Base 6 DCon2 960.725 -4.3884 -13.144 F6
Base 8 DCon2 645.336 18.4835 -12.848 F5
Base 9 DCon2 225.906 -13.204 -10.521 F1
Base 10 DCon2 398.328 -4.1761 -13.84 F2
Base 12 DCon2 240.903 11.224 -14.131 F1

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Table 5 MODAL MASS PARTICIPATING RATIO

MODAL MASS PARTICIPATING RATIO
Period
Case Mode UX UY UZ Sum UX Sum UY
sec

Modal 1 0.579 0.828 0.015 0 0.8283 0.015

Modal 2 0.558 0.02 0.801 0 0.8484 0.8163
Modal 3 0.453 0.005 0.049 0 0.8537 0.8653
Modal 4 0.214 0.099 0.006 0 0.9529 0.8709
Modal 5 0.204 0.009 0.09 0 0.962 0.9606
Modal 6 0.174 0.003 0.009 0 0.965 0.9698
Modal 7 0.136 0.023 0.009 0 0.9876 0.9789
Modal 8 0.133 0.012 0.02 0 0.9992 0.9985
Modal 9 0.114 8E-04 0.002 0 1 1
Modal 10 0.006 0 0 0 1 1
Modal 11 0.006 0 0 0 1 1
Modal 12 0.006 0 0 0 1 1

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Table 6 Design of Isolated Foundation

pal
Fck Fy Df yt d' d0
w
ISOLATED FOOTING
12
20 500 1.5 18 50 150
0
FO Req. BM/ Bar Spaci Check
PU Pu Mux Muy Bc Dc L B s dM D
T A M dia ng for
From (k (kN- (kN- (m (m (Ft (Ft (kN/ (kN- (m (m cm
(M2) (mm) s She
MF N) M) M) m) m) ) ) M2) M) m) m) c/c
ar

240.90 24 4.2 4.2 O

F1 11.2 -14.1 350 350 1.64 179.0 19 74 300 12 31.4 OK
28 1 0 0 K
398.32 39 5.4 5.4 O
F2 -4.18 -13.8 350 350 2.71 141.3 30 81 300 12 31.4 OK
84 8 0 0 K
450.92 45 12.5 5.7 5.7 O
F3 2.1 350 350 3.07 160.9 40 90 350 12 26.9 OK
07 1 4 5 5 K
537.90 53 15.8 6.2 6.2 O
F4 -10.7 350 350 3.66 160.6 49 96 400 12 23.6 OK
38 8 9 8 8 K
671.51 67 7.0 7.0 O
F5 -14 -12.8 350 350 4.57 139.1 56 97 400 12 23.6 OK
75 2 1 1 K
-
960.72 96 8.3 8.3 O
F6 -4.39 13.1 350 350 6.54 145.4 89 112 500 12 18.8 OK
45 1 9 9 K
4

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Table 7 DESIGN OF SLAB

50 2 Bar spacing
Fe Fck Tf 50.0 d' 15.0
0 0 (C/C)
Eff.
Type d=D- Spa d(re C Requir Provid
Ly Lx D cov LL wu Ly ]  BM pt Ast l/d
of d' n q) K ed e
er
Pann (m (kN/M (kN/M (kN- (% (cm2/ (cha (mm (f (" (f ("
(ft) (fT) Lx ay
el m) 2) 2) M) ) M) rt) ) ) ) ) )
Sho 0.08 0.1 O 1 13. 1
S 6.89 1.96 40.0 51 6
rt 68 3 k 0 2 0
0.06 0.1 O 1 13. 1
M 5.19 1.80 40.0 66 6
16. 8.7 15.0 54 2 k 0 2 0
4 127 3 112 11 2
00 5 0 Lon 0.04 0.1 O 1 13. 1
S 3.73 1.80 40.0 51 6
g 7 2 k 0 2 0
0.03 0.1 O 1 13. 1
M 2.78 1.80 40.0 66 6
5 2 k 0 2 0
Sho 11.3 0.2 O 1 1
S 0.06 3.30 33.0 96 9.4 6
rt 3 2 k 0 0
0.04 0.1 O 1 12. 1
M 8.50 2.44 36.0 103 6
16. 13. 15.0 5 6 k 0 7 0
4.00 127 3 112 11 1
00 50 0 Lon 0.04 0.1 O 1 12. 1
S 8.87 2.55 36.0 88 6
g 7 7 k 0 1 0
0.03 0.1 O 1 13. 1
M 6.61 1.88 40.0 94 6
5 3 k 0 2 0
Sho 0.06 12.2 0.2 O 1 1
S 3.59 31.5 101 8.6 6
rt 5 7 4 k 0 0
0.04 0.1 O 1 11. 1
M 9.25 2.66 35.0 105 6
17. 13. 15.0 9 8 k 0 6 0
4.00 127 3 112 11 1
00 50 0 Lon 0.04 0.1 O 1 12. 1
S 8.87 2.55 36.0 88 6
g 7 7 k 0 1 0
0.03 0.1 O 1 13. 1
M 6.61 1.88 40.0 94 6
5 3 k 0 2 0

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Sample of Calculation

Isolated Footing Design(F6):

Required Data
Size of column=
L= 0.35 m
B= 0.35 m
Bearing Capacity of Soil= 120.00 KN/m²
Strength of Steel (fy)= 500.00 N/mm²
Strength of Concrete (fck)= 20.00 N/mm²
Factored Axial Load = 960.725 kN
Design Load= 640.48 kN

Size of Footing:
Required base area of footing = 5.87109 m²
Size of square footing= 2.42303 m

Provide square footing base= 2.56 m x 2.56 m

i.e. L = 2.56 m
B= 2.56 m
Area of footing= 6.5536 m² O.K

Thickness of footing slab based on shear:

qu = 146.595 KN/m2
= 0.147 N/mm2
a) One-way Shear:

Factored Shear Force (Vu1) = =0.147*2560*(1105-d)

= 415834 - 376.32 d
Assuming, τc = 0.28 Mpa for Concrete Grade M20 and pt = 0.15,
One way shear resistance, Vc1 = 0.28*2560*d
Vu1 ≤ Vc1 = 716.8d
Solving, d ≥ 380.41 mm

b) Two-way Shear:

Factored Shear Force (Vu2) = 0.182*[21302-(300+d)2]

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Assume, d = 381 mm Vu2 = 884828.133 N

Two way shear resistance, Vc2 = ks* τc*[4*(300+d)*d]
(IS 456:2000, Cl. 31.6.3.1)
ks = 1
τc = 0.25* (fck)1/2 = 1.118 N/mm²
Vu2 ≤ Vc2
Solving, d ≥ 220.02 mm
One way shear governs the thickness.
Assuming Clear Cover= 50 mm and bar diameter of 12
mm in both directions.
D ≥ =381+50+12/2 437 mm
Provide D = 500 mm
Effective depth,d= 444 mm
q= 119.22995 kN/m2 < 120 kN/m2
OK
Design of Flexural Reinforcement:
Mu =0.147*2560*(1105^2)/2= 229748064 N-mm
Area of Steel is given by, BM = 0.87* fy* Ast*{d-fy*Ast/(fck*b)}
Then,
Ast reqd = 705.9810703 mm2 <Ast min
=0.12% of B * D
pt min 0.135135135 1536 mm²
Provide, pt= 0.15
Ast = 1920 mm² > Ast min OK
Using bar dia= 12 mm,
Spacing required= 144.906 mm c/c
Provide Steel as = 12 mm @ 150 mm c/c
Reinforcement Provided= 1967.893638 mm²
% of Reinforcement= 0.17% >pt min . OK

Development Length
(IS 456: 2000 Cl. 26.2.1, Table 26.2.1.1)
Ld = [∅ (0.87* fy)]/[4* τbd]
= 56.641 *Ø
For 12 mm Ø bars,
Ld = 679.6875 mm

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Two Adjacent Edges Discontinuous

Span length C/C (Lex) = 5.1817 m In X-direction

Span length C/C (Ley) = 4.1149 m In Y-direction
We have,
Lefx= 45
d
So, d= 115.15 mm
Adopt d = 116 mm
φ= 10 mm
cc= 10 mm
D= 131 mm
Now,
dx = 116 mm
dy = 106 mm

For Effective length :

In x-direction :
L + 0.4 = 5.1817 m
L + dx = 4.8977 m
(Leff)x = 4.8977 m
IN y-direction :
L + 0.4 = 4.1149 m
L + dy = 3.8209 m
(Leff)y = 3.8209 m
Load Calculation:
Dead Load (D.L.) = 3.275 KN/m2
Live Load (L.L.) = 3 KN/m2
Floor Finish (F.F.) = 1 KN/m2
Total Load = 7.275 KN/m2
Factored Load (F.L.) = 10.913 KN/m2
Consider unit width,w= 10.913 KN/m
Leffy =
0.7801 <2 (Design asTwo Way Slab)
Leffx

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

From Table 26 (IS 456:2000)

for Ly/Lx values : 0.7801

For shorter span:
αx-ve= 0.0782 Negative moment at continuous edges
αx+ve= 0.0585 Positive moment at mid span
For longer span:
αy-ve= 0.047 Negative moment at continuous edges
αy+ve= 0.035 Positive moment at mid span

From Annex D.1.1

Mx- = αx-vewlx2
Mx+= αx+vewlx2
My- = αy-vewlx2
My+= αy+vewlx2

We get,
Mx- = 20.48 KN-m
Mx+= 15.318 KN-m
My- = 12.303 KN-m
My+= 9.1616 KN-m

Checking for depth from Moment Consideration

Mmax= 20.48 KN-m
b= 1000 mm
fck= 20 N/mm2
fy= 500 N/mm2
φ= 10 mm
Ab= 78.54 mm2

IS 456-2000 Annex G.1.1

Mmax
= 87.745 mm < dx OK
depth(d)= 0.133* fck*b

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Calculation of Area of Steel

Min Ast = 0.12 % of bD = 157.2 mm2

IS 456-2000 G-1.1.b

Ast= f ck 4.6 M u
0.5 (1 − 1 − )bd
fy f ck bd 2
Sv= Ab *1000
Ast

We get,

Mx-ve = 20.48 KN-m

Astx_ = 449.64 mm2 >150mm2 OK
Sv= 174.67 mm

Mx+ve = 15.318 KN-m

Astx+ = 326.73 mm2 >150mm2 OK
Sv= 240.38 mm

My-ve = 12.303 KN-m

Asty_ = 258.31 mm2 >150mm2 OK
Sv= 304.05 mm

My+ve = 9.1616 KN-m

Asty+ = 189.38 mm2 <150mm2 OK
Sv= 414.718 mm

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Since Asty+ is less than 150 mm2

Asty+ = 150 mm2
Sv= 523.6 mm

Provide 10mm φ bar @ 125mm C/C at continuous edges of X-axis

Provide 10mm φ bar @ 125mm C/C at mid span of X-axis

Provide 10mm φ bar @ 125mm C/C at continuous edges of Y-axis

Provide 10mm φ bar @ 125mm C/C at mid span of Y-axis

Sv x+= 125 mm
Astx+ provided = 628.32 mm2

Check for Deflection

IS 456-2000
cl.23.2.1

Lx= 4897.66 mm
α= 26
β= 1 span less than 10 m
γ= 1 no compression reinforcement
δ= 1 not a flanged section

For λ
Area of Steel Re quired
fs= 0.58 f y
Area of Steel Pr ovided

Area of steel required= 326.729 mm2

Area of steel provided= 628.32 mm2
So,
fs= 150.801 N/mm2
%st= 0.50266 %
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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

IS 456-2000 cl.23.2.1 fig 4

λ= 2
So,
αβγδλ= 52

42.2212 ≤ αβγδλ (OK)

Check for shear:

w * Lx
Vu = =
2 26.723 KN

IS 456-2000 cl.40.1
Vu
v = =
b*d 0.2304 N/mm2

IS 456-2000 cl.40.2.1.1

Overall Depth 150 or less

k= 1.3

IS 456-2000 cl.40.4 Table 9

Now,

% steel = 0.5027 0.5 0.75

τc for M20 0.4806 0.48 0.54

Design Shear Strength ( Kτc)= 0.6248 N/mm2 OK

Check for Development Length:

IS 456-2000 cl.26.2.1

 s 566.41 mm
Ld = =
1.6 x 4 x  bd

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Also,

M1
Ld  1.3 + Lo
V

Where,

M1= 1.5E+07 N-mm

V= 26722.9 N
Lo= 190 mm
So,
M1
1.3 * + Lo =
V 908.97 > Ld OK

Torsion reinforcement at discontinuous edges

IS456-2000 Annex D Lex
=
5
Length for torsion bar:
4 979.53 mm
* Sv ( x +) =
3
Spacing of torsion bar:
166.667 mm

Adopt spacing = 150 mm

No of bars= 7.5302 PROVIDE 8

PROVIDE 8 nos of 10mm φ bars @ 150mm c/c

BEAM DETAILS

Width (b) = 228.6 mm

Overall Depth (D) = 406.4 mm
Effective Clear Cover (d') = 30 mm
Effective Depth (d) = 376.4 mm
N/m
Grade of Concrete (fck) = 20 m2

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

N/m
Yield Strength of Steel (fy) = 500 m2
Rebar Diameter (Ø) = 20 mm

(Storey1 A1
Beam Name : B10 A2)
Length of Beam = 5.334 m

Minimum Area Reqd(Ast,min)

IS 456:2000 26.5.1.1

Ast,
min= 146.28 mm2

IS 13920 6.2.1

Ast,
min= 199.4 mm2

So adopt maximum of above Ast,min

Ast,
min= 199.4 mm2

Maximum Area Required (Ast,max)

Ast,max = 0.04*b*D
3716.1
Ast, max= 216 mm2

Maximum Area Required (Asc,max)

Asc,max = 0.04*b*D
3716.1
Asc, max= 216 mm2
IS 456:2000 Cl 38
Formula

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

0.46

where Xu,max is the limiting value of the depth of neutral axis for given grade
of steel.

IS 456:2000, Cl G-1.1 c)

Limiting Moment (Mu,lim)

87.035 KN-
Mu,lim = 1 m

Position I (top)
UDCO
Governing Combination = N8

From ETABS
KN- (negati
Factored Moment (Mu) = 104.18 m ve)
KN-
Factored Torsion (Tu) = 3.5029 m
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2

Moment due to Torsion (Mt)

KN-
Mt = 5.724 m

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Therefore, The required Design Moment (M) is

109.90 KN-
M = Mu + Mt = 37 m
Since M>Mul, design as doubly
reinforced section

Where,
171.88
xul= 331 mm
d'= 30 mm
We get,
0.0028
esc= 89

SP16 (Table A)
Interpolating,
esc fsc
0.00277 413
0.00289 ?
0.00312 423.9
We,get
416.70 N/m
fsc = 975 m2

From IS 456:2000 Cl G-1.2

158.42
Asc= 621 mm2

Sloving,
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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

657.39
Ast1= 433 mm2

151.76
= 494 mm2

Ast = Ast1+Ast2
809.15
= 926 mm2

809.15
Area of Steel (Ast) = 9 mm2 Top
Percentage of Steel (%) = 0.871 %
From IS 13920 Cl.6.2.3 The positive steel at a joint face must be at least equal to
half the negative steel at that face.
404.58
Area of compression steel(Asc) = 0 mm2 Bottom
% of compression steel= 0.435 %

Position I (bottom)
UDCO
Governing Combination = N8

From ETABS
KN- (positiv
Factored Moment (Mu) = 0 m e)
KN-
Factored Torsion (Tu) = 0 m
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2
Moment due to Torsion (Mt)

KN-
Mt = 0.000 m

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Therefore, The required Design Moment (M) is

KN-
M = Mu + Mt = 0.0000 m

Area of Steel (Ast) = 0.000 mm2 Bottom

Percentage of Steel (%) = 0.000 %

Area of compression steel(Asc) = 0.000 mm2 Top

% of compression steel= 0.000 %

Position Middle (Top)

UDCO
Governing Combination = N 20

From ETABS
KN- (negati
Factored Moment (Mu) = 0 m ve)
KN-
Factored Torsion (Tu) = 0 m
Area of Steel (Ast) = 0.000 mm2 Top
Percentage of Steel (%) = 0.000 %

Area of compression steel(Asc) = 0.000 mm2 Bottom

% of compression steel= 0.000 %

Middle
Position (Bottom)
UDCO
Governing Combination = N2

From ETABS
KN- (positiv
Factored Moment (Mu) = 61.38 m e)
KN-
Factored Torsion (Tu) = 0 m
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2
Moment due to Torsion (Mt)

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

KN-
Mt = 0.000 m

Therefore, The required Design Moment (M) is

61.380 KN-
M = Mu + Mt = 0 m
Since M<Mul, design as singly
reinforced section
f ck 4 .6 M u
0 .5 (1 − 1− )bd
Ast= fy f ck bd 2

Solving,
428.38
Ast= 213 mm2
428.38
Area of Steel (Ast) = 2 mm2 Bottom
Percentage of Steel (%) = 0.461 %

214.19
Area of compression steel(Asc) = 1 mm2 Top
% of compression steel= 0.231 %

Position J (top)
UDCO
Governing Combination = N7

From ETABS
KN- (negati
Factored Moment (Mu) = 118.24 m ve)
KN-
Factored Torsion (Tu) = 0 m
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2
Moment due to Torsion (Mt)

Mt = 0.000 KN-
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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Therefore, The required Design Moment (M) is

118.24 KN-
M = Mu + Mt = 00 m
Since M>Mul, design as doubly
reinforced section

Where,
171.88
xul= 331 mm
d'= 30 mm
We get,
esc= 0.0029

SP16 (Table A)
Interpolating,
esc fsc
0.00277 413
0.0029 ?
0.00312 423.9

We,get
416.70 N/m
fsc = 975 m2

From IS 456:2000 Cl G-1.1 b)

216.17
Asc= 757 mm2

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Solving,
657.39
Ast1= 433 mm2

207.08
= 804 mm2

Ast = Ast1+Ast2
864.48
= 237 mm2

864.48
Area of Steel (Ast) = 2 mm2 Top
Percentage of Steel (%) = 0.931 %

432.24
Area of compression steel(Asc) = 1 mm2 Bottom
% of compression steel= 0.465 %

Position J (Bottom)
UDCO
Governing Combination = N7

From ETABS
KN- (positiv
Factored Moment (Mu) = 0 m e)
KN-
Factored Torsion (Tu) = 0 m
IS 456:2000, Cl 41.4.2
Moment due to Torsion (Mt)

Mt = 0.000 KN-
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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Therefore, The required Design Moment (M) is

KN-
M = Mu + Mt = 0.0000 m

Since M<Mul, design as singly reinforced section

f ck 4 .6 M u
0 .5 (1 − 1− )bd
Ast=
f y f ck bd 2

Sloving,
Ast= 0 mm2
Area of Steel (Ast) = 0.000 mm2 Bottom
Percentage of Steel (%) = 0.000 %

Area of compression steel(Asc)

= 0.000 mm2 Top
Area of Steel (Ast) = 0.000 mm2 Bottom
Percentage of Steel (%) = 0.000 %

Area of compression steel(Asc) = 0.000 mm2 Top

% of compression steel= 0.000 %

Longitudinal Detailing

Manually Calculated Area Provided

Position Bars
Area of Steel mm2 (mm2)
I (top) 809.159 809.159
I (bottom) 404.580 404.580
Mid (top) 214.191 214.191
Mid (bot) 428.382 428.382
j (top) 864.482 864.482
j (bottom) 432.241 432.241

Check for shear and design of vertical stirrups

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

228. mm
Width (b) = 6
406. mm
Overall Depth (D) = 4
Effective Clear Cover (d') = 30 mm
376. mm
Effective Depth (d) = 4
Grade of Concrete (fck) = 20 N/mm2
Yield Strength of Steel (fy) = 500 N/mm2
Stirrup Diameter (Ø) = 10 mm
mm Max of
longitudinal rebar Diameter (Øl) = 20 above

At Ends
end: I

121.
KN
Max design shear force at ends (Vdu) = 43

9.35
KN-m
Tortional moment at ends (Tu)= 0

Equivalent factored shear force(Ve)

186.
KN
Ve= 872

Equivalent nominal shear stress of

concrete (τue)

2.17
N/mm2
τue= 2

0.39
%
Percentage of tensile steel of end(Ast)= 7
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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Now,
Design shear strength of M20 concrete (τc)
Interpolating,
%Ast,prov τc
0.25 0.22
0.397 ?
0.5 0.3
we get,
0.26
N/mm2
τc= 7

Max shear stregth of M20 concrete (τc,max)= 2.8 N/mm2

Since,
τue > τc
τue < τc,max
Hence,shear reinforcement is to be designed

Required capacity of shear reinforcement(Vus)=Ve-τc*b*d

163.
KN
Vus= 90

Take 2-legged 10 mm Ф vertical stirrups

157.
Area of vertical stirrups (Asv)= mm2
08

Spacing of Stirrups (Sv)

(Clause 40.4 (a) IS:456-2000)

156.
Sv = mm
92
where,
Sv over the distance of 2*d= 753 mm should be
(Clause 6.3.5,IS:13920-1993) Sv≤d/4 94 mm
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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Sv≤ 8*φl 160 mm

Sv≥ 100 mm
Adopt Sv = 100 mm

Minimum area of vertical stirrups(Asv,min) IS 456:2000, cl.26.5.1.6,

21.0
mm2 < 157.08 mm2
Asv,min = 21
Hence,
ok

At mid span
188.
Sv≤d/2 2 mm
Adopt Sv = 150 mm

Hence, 10 mm Ф two legged vertical stirrups @ 100 mm C/C is provided up

to the distance of 1020 mm from each end and at the part of splicing, Elsewhere,
10 mmФ two legged vertical stirrups @ 150 mm C/C is provided. The distance of
first hoop should be at a distance of 40 mm from each end which is less than
50mm. Which also satisfies the criteria for torsion reinforcement distribution as
per-:IS:456-2000,Clause 26.5.1.7.be at a distance of 40 mm from each end which
is less than 50mm. Which also satisfies the be at a distance of 40 mm from each
end which is less than 50mm. Which also satisfies the criteria for torsion
reinforcement distribution as per-:IS:456-2000,Clause 26.5.1.7.

Check for Deflection

IS 456-2000 cl.23.2.1

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

clear span= 5333.65 mm

width of support= 350 mm
1/12 of clear span= 444.47 mm
Since,
width of support > 1/12 of clear span so Lx is taken as clear span

effective length(Lx)= 5333.65 mm

α= 26
span less than
β= 1 10 m
not a flanged
δ= 1 section

For γ
214.191
Asc provided= 07 mm2
% Asc provided= 0.10 %

IS 456-2000 cl.23.2.1 fig 5

So,
γ= 1.15

For λ
fs= Area of Steel Re quired
0.58 f y
Area of Steel Pr ovided
Ast required= 428.382 mm2
428.382
Ast provided= 13 mm2
So,
fs= 290.000 N/mm2
%st= 0.210 %

IS 456-2000 cl.23.2.1 fig 4

λ= 1.4

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

So,
αβγδλ= 41.86

(OK
10.458 ≤ αβγδλ )

Check for Development Length:

IS 456-2000 cl.26.2.1
 s
Ld = =
4 x  bd 1132.8 for
mm
1 tension
 s
Ld = =
4 x  bd
906.25 mm for compression

(nominal diameter of
φ= 20 mm bar)
(stress in
σs=0.87*fy= 435 N/mm2 bars)
(design bond stress for
τbd= 1.2*1.6 N/mm2 tension)
1.2*1.6*1.25 (design bond stress for
τbd= N/mm2 compression)
Also,

M
L d  1 .3 + Lo
V

Where,

864.482
Ast provided= 37 mm2
171467 N-mm (MOR offered by tension
M1= 386 steel provided)
186871. (maximum shear force
82 N at that face)
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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

V=
(additional anchorage
length)
Lo= 275 mm
So,
M
1 .3 * + Lo = 1467.83
V > Ld OK
69

Finish Riser Thread

Design of staircase (mm) (in.) (in.)
Let thickness of waist slab
be 125 mm 30 7 10
Yield strength of steel = 500 N/mm2
Dead load of
flight
Step section = 0.0226 m2
inclined slab = 0.0388 m2
Finish = 0.013 m2
Total area = 0.0743 m2
Density of concrete = 25 KN/m3
Dl of step section 1m in 1.857260
width= 35 KN/m
Dl per m2 on
plan = 7.312 KN/m2
LL per m2 on
plan = 3 KN/m2
Total load = 10.312 KN/m2
Factored load = 15.468 KN/m2
width of slab = 1.04 m
Total load /m = 16.09 KN/m

Load on
landing
self weight of
slab = 3.125 KN/m2
finish = 0.75 KN/m2
live load = 3 KN/m2
Total load = 6.875 KN/m2

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Factored load = 10.313 KN/m2

width of slab = 1.04 m
load = 10.725 KN/m

Now
Design of stair flight
Length of
landing A= 1.05 m
Length of flight = 1.02 m
Length of
landing B= 2.080 m
Reaction at support B = 24.31 KN
Reaction at support A = 25.67 KN
Let point of zero shear force occurs at x distance from A
x= 1.95 m
Maximum bending moments occurs at x = 1.95 m from A
Maximum bending moment
= 27.49 KN-m
Therefore,
99.68382
Effective depth of slab d = 54
Adopt
d= 102 mm
mm
D= 127 = 5 in.
Now,
Area of tension steel (Ast) = 752.24 mm2
Provide 12 mm dia bar @ 156.28 mm 6.15 in.
Provide 12 dia bar @ 6.15 inch. c/c 1175.6 mm2 OK
as main bar
Temperature reinforcement
Provide 1-10 dia bar as temperature reinforcement in each
riser.
In the waist slab provide 0.12 % steel = 152.4 mm2/m
i.e. provide 8 dia bar @ 329.66 mm c/c 12.98 inch.
Provide 8 dia bar @ 12.98 inch. c/c

Check for
shear
Nominal shear stress = 0.24 N/mm2 25.67
percent of tension steel = 1.11 % 1.11
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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Shear strength of M20 concrete for 1.11 % steel

= 0.48 N/mm2
Shear strength for slab = K*τc
K= 1.2 1.3 for depth of slab < 150mm
1.25 for depth of slab =175 mm
1.2 for depth of slab =200 mm
OK
Shear strength for slab = 0.576 N/mm2 > 0.24 SAFE

Design of combined footing

Allowable bearing capacity of soil = 120 KN/m2
Factored Load on column
A= 306 KN
Factored Load on column
B= 450 KN
Centre to centre distance between columns = 2.13 m
Now,
m from centre of column
Property line is at the edge of column A i.e 0.2 A
i) Length and width of column
centre of gravity of loads from property line
x= 1.47 m
Therefore, length of footing = 2.94 m
Adopt length of footing = 3.20 m
Assume weight of footing and earth above it as 5% of total weight
Total load on earth = 793.8 KN
Footing width = 1.38 m
Adopt 10'6" x 5'6" of footing

ii) Longitudinal bending moment and shear

KN/m2
Net upward soil pressure= 171.43 < 180 KN/m2
Net upward soil pressure per unit length = 236.25 KN/m
maximum shear force at centre line of column A
V1 = -47.3 KN
V2 = 258.8 KN
maximum shear force at centre line of column B
V1 = 204.69 KN
V2= -245.31 KN
Point of zero shear force from centre of column A
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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

x= 1.10 m
Maximum bending moment from right side = -12.715 KN-m
M = 0.36fckbxm(d-0.42xm)
d= 58.9 mm
Adopt
d= 300 mm
D= 350 mm
BM = 0.87fyAst(d-(fyAst/(fckb))
Ast = 9034.087 mm2
Adopt 12 dia bars @ 175 mm c/c
5064.1
Ast provided = 9 mm2
iv) Shear one way action (column B)
Vu = 139.00 KN
Nominal shear stress τv = 0.34 N/mm2
Percent tension steel p = 1.22 %
The shear strength of M20 concrete (τc) = 0.57 N/mm2 OK
v) Shear two way action (column B)
Shear strength of concrete τc' = ksτc
Ks = (βc + 0.5)
βc = 1
Ks= 1.5 >1
So adopt Ks = 1
τc = 0.25(fck)^0.5 = 1.12 N/mm2
Shear strength of concrete τc' = 1.11803 N/mm2
295.71
Shear force Vu = 4 KN
0.4107
Nominal shear stress τv = 1 N/mm2 OK

Design of strap beam

The intensity of base pressure acting will be 236.25 KN/m
From empirical relations
107.54
Hogging moment = wl2/10= 7 KN-m
89.622
Sagging moment = wl2/12= 4 KN-m
Let width of beam = 500 mm
therefore,
d= 284.36 mm
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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Adopt
d= 900 mm
D= 950 mm
2588.0
Steel on top bar = 6 mm2
Steel on bottom bar = 2060.8 mm2
Provide 4-25+2-20 mm dia bar at top and 3-25+2-20 mm bar at bottom.
Shear reinforcement
252.03
Maximum shear force = 2 KN
τv = 0.56 N/mm2
percentage of steel p = 0.66 %
Thus, τc = 0.51 N/mm2
Vus = 172.4715 KN
788.78
Provide 10 mm bar 4L vertical stirrup at spacing 9 c/c
Adopt spacing = 125 mm c/c

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Reference Codes

NBC 110: 1994 Plain and Reinforced Concrete

NBC 102: 1994 Unit Weights of Materials

NBC 103: 1994 Occupancy Load (Imposed Load)

NBC 104: 1994 Wind Load

NBC105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal

NS: 501-2058 Code of Practice for Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete

Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces

SP: 16-1980 Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456-1978

SP: 34-1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing

IS: 456-2000 Design of reinforced concrete

IS: 1893-2002 Earthquake code

IS: 13920 Ductile detailing

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

SUMMARY OF THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

i. SLABS
Slabs Types of slab Main Bar Distribution bar

All slab Two-way 10 mm@150c/c 10 mm@150c/c

Thickness of slab is 5"

ii. BEAMS(Refer Figure 22)

Along GRID 1-1, 2-2 & 3-3

Beam Category Size of Beam Through Bar Extra Bar

(mm)
Top bar Bottom Top Bottom
bar bar(corner) bar(mid)
Plinth Beams 230x300 3-12dia 3-12dia
Ground floor roof 230x400 2-16 dia 2-16dia 2-16 dia
1-12 dia
First floor roof 230x400 2-16 dia 2-16dia 1-16 dia
1-12 dia 1-12 dia
Top floor roof 230x400 2-16 dia 3-12dia

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Along GRID A-A,B-B, C-C & D-D

Beam Category Size of Beam Through Bar Extra Bar
(mm)
Top bar Bottom Top Bottom
bar bar(corner) bar(mid)
Plinth Beams 230x300 3-12dia 3-12dia
Ground floor roof 230x400 2-16 dia 2-16dia 2-16 dia
1-12dia
First floor roof 230x400 2-16 dia 2-16dia 2-16 dia
1-12dia
Top floor roof 230x400 2-16 dia 2-16dia 1-12 dia

iii. Columns (Refer Figure 22)

Column size Size of bar Stirrups Ld

Corner face Total
bars
C1 (350x350)mm 4-16dia 4-16dia 8 8mm@4"c/c 60xdia.
(1, 9, 10 & 12)

C2 (350x350)mm 4-20dia 4-16dia 8 8mm@4"c/c 60xdia.

(5, 6, 8, 2, 3, & 4)

Note: Lapping of column should not be practiced at the joint of Beam

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

iv. FOOTING DETAILS (Refer Figure 22)

Depth of
Footing size(ft) Footing Footing Rebar Footing Rebar
Column Number footing(ft)from
and depth Type along length along Breadth
GL.
12 mm dia bar 12 mm dia bar

F1(9 & 12) 5'0" x 5'0" x1'0" Isolated 5 @ 150 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c

12 mm dia bar 12 mm dia bar

F2(4 & 10) 5'6" x 5'6" x1'2" Isolated 5 @ 150 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c

12 mm dia bar 12 mm dia bar

F3 (3) 5'10" x 5'10" x1'2" Isolated 5 @ 150 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c

12 mm dia bar 12 mm dia bar

F4 (1) 6'4" x 6'4" x1'4" Isolated 5 @ 150 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c

12 mm dia bar 12 mm dia bar

F5 (2, 5 & 8) 7'2" x 7'2" x1'4" Isolated 5 @ 150 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c

12 mm dia bar 12 mm dia bar

F6 (6) 8'4" x 8'4" x1'8" Isolated 5 @ 150 mm c/c @ 150 mm c/c

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 22 Column and Footing Details for Construction

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 23 COLUMN BEAM CAPACITY RATIO OF GRID 1-1

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 24 COLUMN BEAM CAPACITY RATIO OF GRID 2-2

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

Figure 25 COLUMN BEAM CAPACITY RATIO OF GRID 3-3

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 Structural Analysis and Design of Residential Building

According to analysis and design required sizes of structure were adopted:

SN Structures Sizes(mm)
1 Column (350X350)

2 Beam (230 X 400)-Rectangular

3 slab 127mm
4 Footing ISOLATED Foundation

concrete grade M20 -

Steel grade Fe500 for main bar Fe500( stirrups)

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