Syllabus of Rtu B.tech. 4th Semester
Syllabus of Rtu B.tech. 4th Semester
Electrical Engineering
4EE2-01: Biology
Credit: 2 Max. Marks: 100(IA:20, ETE:80)
2L+0T+0P End Term Exam: 3 Hours
SN CONTENTS Hours
1 Introduction: Objective, scope and outcome of the course. 1
2 Introduction: Purpose: To convey that Biology is as important a scientific
discipline as Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. Bring out the
fundamental differences between science and engineering by drawing a
comparison between eye and camera, Bird flying and aircraft. Mention the
most exciting aspect of biology as an independent scientific discipline. Why
we 1
need to study biology? Discuss how biological observations of 18th Century
that lead to major discoveries. Examples from Brownian motion and the
origin of thermodynamics by referring to the original observation of Robert
Brown and Julius Mayor. These examples will highlight the fundamental
importance of observations in any scientific inquiry.
3 Classification: Purpose: To convey that classification per se is not what
biology is all about. The underlying criterion, such as morphological,
biochemical or ecological be highlighted. Hierarchy of life forms at
phenomenological level. A common thread weaves this hierarchy
Classification. Discuss classification based on (a) cellularity- Unicellular or
multicellular (b) ultrastructureprokaryotes or eucaryotes. (c) energy and
3
Carbon utilization -Autotrophs, heterotrophs, lithotropes (d) Ammonia
excretion- aminotelic, uricotelic, ureotelic (e) Habitata- acquatic or
terrestrial (e) Molecular taxonomy- three major kingdoms of life. A given
organism can come under different category based on classification. Model
organisms for the study of biology come from different groups. E.coli,
S.cerevisiae, D. Melanogaster, C. elegance, A. Thaliana, M. musculus
4 Genetics: Purpose: To convey that “Genetics is to biology what Newton’s
laws are to Physical Sciences”. Mendel’s laws, Concept of segregation and
independent assortment. Concept of allele. Gene mapping, Gene
interaction, Epistasis. Meiosis and Mitosis be taught as a part of
genetics. Emphasis to be give not to the mechanics of cell division nor the 3
phases but how genetic material passes from parent to offspring. Concepts
of recessiveness and dominance. Concept of mapping of phenotype to
genes. Discuss about the single gene disorders in humans. Discuss the
concept of complementation using human genetics.
5 Biomolecules: Purpose: To convey that all forms of life has the same
building blocks and yet the manifestations are as diverse as one can
imagine. Molecules of life. In this context discuss monomeric units and
polymeric structures. Discuss about sugars, starch and cellulose. Amino 3
acids and proteins. Nucleotides and DNA/RNA. Two carbon units and
lipids.
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 2
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
6 Enzymes: Purpose: To convey that without catalysis life would not have
existed on earth. Enzymology: How to monitor enzyme catalysed reactions.
How does an enzyme catalyse reactions? Enzyme classification. Mechanism 3
of enzyme action. Discuss at least two examples. Enzyme kinetics and
kinetic
7 Information Transfer: Purpose: The molecular basis of coding and
decoding genetic information is universal. Molecular basis of information
transfer. DNA as a genetic material. Hierarchy of DNA structure- from
single stranded to double helix to nucleosomes. Concept of genetic code. 3
Universality and degeneracy of genetic code. Define gene in terms of
complementation and
recombination.
8 Macromolecular analysis: Purpose: To analyse biological processes at the
reductionistic level. Proteins- structure and function. Hierarch in protein
4
structure. Primary secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. Proteins
as enzymes, transporters, receptors and structural elements.
9 Metabolism: Purpose: The fundamental principles of energy transactions
are the same in physical and biological world. Thermodynamics as applied
to biological systems. Exothermic and endothermic versus endergonic and
exergonic reactions. Concept of Keq and its relation to standard free
4
energy. Spontaneity. ATP as an energy currency. This should include the
breakdown of glucose to CO2 + H2O (Glycolysis and Krebs cycle) and
synthesis of glucose from CO2 and H2O (Photosynthesis). Energy yielding
and energy consuming reactions. Concept of Energy charge.
10 Microbiology: Concept of single celled organisms. Concept of species and
strains. Identification and classification of microorganisms. Microscopy.
3
Ecological aspects of single celled organisms. Sterilization and media
compositions. Growth kinetics.
Total 28
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 3
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
SN CONTENTS Hours
1 Introduction: Objective, scope and outcome of the course. 1
2 Basic economic concepts
Meaning, nature and scope of economics, deductive vs inductive
methods, static and dynamics, Economic problems: scarcity and 3
choice, circular flow of economic activity, national income-concepts
and measurement.
3 Demand and Supply analysis
Demand-types of demand, determinants of demand, demand
function, elasticity of demand, demand forecasting –purpose, 5
determinants and methods, Supply-determinants of supply, supply
function, elasticity of supply.
4 Production and Cost analysis
Theory of production- production function, law of variable
proportions, laws of returns to scale, production optimization, least
5
cost combination of inputs, isoquants. Cost concepts-explicit and
implicit cost, fixed and variable cost, opportunity cost, sunk costs,
cost function, cost curves, cost and output decisions, cost estimation.
5 Market structure and pricing theory
4
Perfect competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic competition, Oligopoly.
6 Financial statement analysis
Balance sheet and related concepts, profit and loss statement and
related concepts, financial ratio analysis, cash-flow analysis, funds- 8
flow analysis, comparative financial statement, analysis and
interpretation of financial statements, capital budgeting techniques.
TOTAL 26
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 4
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 5
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
SN CONTENTS Hours
1 Introduction: Objective, scope and outcome of the course. 1
2 Measuring Instruments: Moving coil, moving iron, electrodynamic and
induction instruments-construction, operation, torque equation and
errors. Applications of instruments for measurement of current, voltage,
4
single-phase power and single-phase energy. Errors in wattmeter and
energy meter and their compensation and adjustment. Testing and
calibration of single-phase energy meter by phantom loading.
3 Polyphase Metering: Blondel's Theorem for n-phase, p-wire system.
Measurement of power and reactive kVA in 3-phase balanced and
unbalanced systems: One-wattmeter, two- wattmeter and three-wattmeter
methods. 3-phase induction type energy meter. Instrument Transformers:
Construction and operation of current and potential transformers. 6
Ratio and phase angle errors and their minimization. Effect of variation of
power factor, secondary burden and frequency on errors. Testing of CTs
and PTs. Applications of CTs and PTs for the measurement of current,
voltage, power and energy.
5 Potentiometers: Construction, operation and standardization of DC
potentiometers– slide wire and Crompton potentiometers. Use of
potentiometer for measurement of resistance and voltmeter and ammeter
5
calibrations. Volt ratio boxes. Construction, operation and
standardization of AC potentiometer in-phase and quadrature
potentiometers. Applications of AC potentiometers.
6 Measurement of Resistances: Classification of resistance. Measurement
of medium resistances – ammeter and voltmeter method, substitution
method, Wheatstone bridge method.
6
Measurement of low resistances – Potentiometer method and Kelvin's
double bridge method. Measurement of high resistance: Price's Guard-
wire method. Measurement of earth resistance.
7 AC Bridges: Generalized treatment of four-arm AC bridges. Sources and
detectors. Maxwell's bridge, Hay's bridge and Anderson bridge for self-
inductance measurement. Heaviside's bridge for mutual inductance
measurement. De Sauty Bridge for capacitance measurement. Wien's 6
bridge for capacitance and frequency measurements. Sources of error in
bridge measurements and precautions. Screening of bridge components.
Wagner earth device.
Total 28
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 6
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
SN CONTENTS Hours
1 Introduction: Objective, scope and outcome of the course. 1
2 Fundamentals of AC machine windings
Physical arrangement of windings in stator and cylindrical rotor; slots
for windings; single turn coil - active portion and overhang; full-pitch
coils, concentrated winding, distributed winding, winding axis, 3D 7
visualization of the above winding types, Air-gap MMF distribution
with fixed current through winding - concentrated and distributed,
Sinusoidally distributed winding, winding distribution factor.
3 Pulsating and revolving magnetic fields
Constant magnetic field, pulsating magnetic field - alternating current
in windings with spatial displacement, Magnetic field produced by a
single winding - fixed current and alternating current Pulsating fields
4
produced by spatially displaced windings, Windings spatially shifted
by 90 degrees, Addition of pulsating magnetic fields, Three windings
spatially shifted by 120 degrees (carrying three-phase balanced
currents), revolving magnetic field.
4 Induction Machines
Construction, Types (squirrel cage and slip-ring), Torque Slip
Characteristics, Starting and Maximum Torque. Equivalent circuit.
Phasor Diagram, Losses and Efficiency. Effect of parameter variation
12
on torque speed characteristics (variation of rotor and stator
resistances, stator voltage, frequency). Methods of starting, braking
and speed control for induction motors. Generator operation. Self-
excitation. Doubly-Fed Induction Machines.
5 Single-phase induction motors
Constructional features, double revolving field theory, equivalent
6
circuit, determination of parameters. Split-phase starting methods
and applications.
6 Synchronous machines
Constructional features, cylindrical rotor synchronous machine -
generated EMF, equivalent circuit and phasor diagram, armature
reaction, synchronous impedance, voltage regulation. Operating
10
characteristics of synchronous machines, V-curves. Salient pole
machine – two reaction theory, analysis of phasor diagram, power
angle characteristics. Parallel operation of alternators -
synchronization and load division.
Total 40
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 7
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
SN CONTENTS Hours
1 Introduction: Objective, scope and outcome of the course. 1
2 Power switching devices
Diode, Thyristor, MOSFET, IGBT: I-V Characteristics; Firing circuit
5
for thyristor; Voltage and current commutation of a thyristor; Gate
drive circuits for MOSFET and IGBT.
3 Thyristor rectifiers
Single-phase half-wave and full-wave rectifiers, Single-phase full-
bridge thyristor rectifier with R-load and highly inductive load; 6
Three-phase full-bridge thyristor rectifier with R-load and highly
inductive load; Input current wave shape and power factor.
4 DC-DC buck converter
Elementary chopper with an active switch and diode, concepts of
duty ratio and average voltage, power circuit of a buck converter, 5
analysis and waveforms at steady state, duty ratio control of output
voltage.
5 DC-DC boost converter
Power circuit of a boost converter, analysis and waveforms at
5
steady state, relation between duty ratio and average output
voltage.
6 Single-phase voltage source inverter
Power circuit of single-phase voltage source inverter, switch states
and instantaneous output voltage, square wave operation of the
inverter, concept of average voltage over a switching cycle, bipolar 10
sinusoidal modulation and unipolar sinusoidal modulation,
modulation index
and output voltage.
7 Three-phase voltage source inverter
Power circuit of a three-phase voltage source inverter, switch
8
states, instantaneous output voltages, average output voltages over
a sub-cycle, three-phase sinusoidal modulation.
Total 40
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 8
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 9
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 10
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 11
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 12
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
1) To verify the truth tables of basic logic gates: AND, OR, NOR, NAND,
NOR. Also to verify the truth table of Ex-OR, Ex-NOR (For 2, 3, & 4
inputs using gates with 2, 3, & 4 inputs).
2) To verify the truth table of OR, AND, NOR, Ex-OR, Ex-NOR realized using
NAND & NOR gates.
3) To realize an SOP and POS expression.
4) To realize Half adder/ Subtractor & Full Adder/ Subtractor using NAND
& NOR gates and to verify their truth tables.
5) To realize a 4-bit ripple adder/ Subtractor using basic half adder/
Subtractor & basic Full Adder/ Subtractor.
6) To verify the truth table of 4-to-1 multiplexer and 1-to-4 demultiplexer.
Realize the multiplexer using basic gates only. Also to construct and 8-
to-1 multiplexer and 1-to-8 demultiplexer using blocks of 4-to-1
multiplexer and 1-to-4 demultiplexer.
7) Design & Realize a combinational circuit that will accept a 2421 BCD
code and drive a TIL -312 seven segment display.
8) Using basic logic gates, realize the R-S, J-K and D-flip flops with and
without clock signal and verify their truth table.
9) Construct a divide by 2,4& 8 asynchronous counter. Construct a 4-bit
binary counter and ring counter for a particular output pattern using D
flip flop.
10) Perform input/output operations on parallel in/Parallel out and Serial
in/Serial out registers using clock. Also exercise loading only one of
multiple values into the register using multiplexer.
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 13
RAJASTHAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KOTA
SYLLABUS
2nd Year - IV Semester: B.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
1) Study working and applications of (i) C.R.O. (ii) Digital Storage C.R.O. &
(ii) C.R.O. Probes.
2) Study working and applications of Meggar, Tong-tester, P.F. Meter and
Phase Shifter.
3) Measure power and power factor in 3-phase load by (i) Two-wattmeter
method and (ii) One-wattmeter method.
4) Calibrate an ammeter using DC slide wire potentiometer.
5) Calibrate a voltmeter using Crompton potentiometer.
6) Measure low resistance by Crompton potentiometer.
7) Measure Low resistance by Kelvin's double bridge.
8) Measure earth resistance using fall of potential method.
9) Calibrate a single-phase energy meter by phantom loading at different
power factors.
10) Measure self-inductance using Anderson's bridge.
Syllabus of 2nd Year B. Tech. (EE) for students admitted in Session 2017-18 onwards Page 14