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Module 1 Synchonous Machine Model

This document discusses the synchronous machine model and sequence impedances and networks of synchronous machines and transformers. It provides details on positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances and networks and how they are modeled. It also examines different configurations of transformer banks and how zero sequence currents flow or are blocked in each case.

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72 views

Module 1 Synchonous Machine Model

This document discusses the synchronous machine model and sequence impedances and networks of synchronous machines and transformers. It provides details on positive, negative, and zero sequence impedances and networks and how they are modeled. It also examines different configurations of transformer banks and how zero sequence currents flow or are blocked in each case.

Uploaded by

Anonymous DbmKEDx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Synchronous Machine Model

• J S Savier, College of Engineering Trivandrum


Sequence Impedances and
Networks of Synchronous Machine
Positive Sequence Impedance and
Network
Positive Sequence Impedance and
Network …Contd
Negative Sequence Impedance and
Network
• Negative sequence currents are produced due to unbalanced
loading of synchronous machine
• With the flow of negative sequence currents in the stator a
rotating field is created which rotates in the opposite
direction to that of the positive sequence field and, therefore,
at double synchronous speed with respect to rotor.
• The negative sequence impedance presented by the machine
with consideration given to the damper windings
• Currents at double the stator frequency are therefore induced
in rotor field and damper winding.
Negative Sequence Impedance and
Network
Zero Sequence Impedance and
Network
• The flow of zero sequence currents create
three mmfs which are in time phase but are
distributed in space phase by 120°.
• The resultant air gap field caused by zero
sequence currents is therefore zero.
Zero Sequence Impedance and
Network
Typical values of sequence
impedances of a turbo-generator

Rating: 5 MVA, 6.6 kV, 3,000 rpm


Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers
• The positive sequence series impedance of a transformer
equals its leakage impedance.
• Since a transformer is a static device, the leakage impedance
does not change with alteration of phase sequence of
balanced applied voltages.
• The transformer negative sequence impedance is also
therefore equal to its leakage reactance.
Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers ..Contd
• Three important observations
• When magnetizing current is neglected, transformer primary
would carry current only if there is current flow on the
secondary side.
• Zero sequence currents can flow in the legs of a star
connection only if the star point is grounded which provides
the necessary return path for zero sequence currents.
• No zero sequence currents can flow in the lines connected to
a delta connection as no return path is available for these
currents. Zero sequence currents can, however, flow in the
legs of a delta—such currents are caused by the presence of
zero sequence voltages in the delta connection
Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers ..Contd
• Three important observations
•
Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers ..Contd
• Case 1: Y-Y transformer bank with any one neutral
grounded.
• If any one of the two neutrals of a Y- Y transformer is
ungrounded, zero sequence currents cannot flow in the
ungrounded star and consequently, these cannot flow in the
grounded star.
• Hence, an open circuit exists in the zero sequence network
between H and L, i.e. between the two parts of the system
connected by the transformer
Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers ..Contd
• Case 1: Y-Y transformer bank with any one neutral
grounded.
•
Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers ..Contd
• Case 2: Y-Y transformer bank both neutrals grounded
Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers ..Contd
• Case 3: Y- Δ transformer bank with grounded Y
neutral
• If the neutral of star side is grounded, zero sequence currents
can flow in star because a path is available to ground and the
balancing zero sequence currents can flow in delta.
• No zero sequence currents can flow in the line on the delta
side. The zero sequence network must therefore have a path
from the line H on the star side through the zero sequence
impedance of the transformer to the reference bus, while an
open circuit must exist on the line L side of delta
• If the star neutral is grounded through Zn, an impedance 3Zn
appears in series with Z0 in the sequence network.
Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers ..Contd
• Case 3: Y- Δ transformer bank with grounded Y
neutral
Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers ..Contd
• Case 4: Y- Δ transformer bank with ungrounded star
Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers ..Contd
• Case 5: Δ – Δ transformer bank
• Since a delta circuit provides no return path, the zero
sequence currents cannot flow in or out of Δ – Δ
transformer
• However it can circulate in the delta windings
• Therefore there is an open circuit between H and L
and Z0 is connected to the reference bus on both
ends to account for any circulating zero sequence
current in the two deltas
Sequence Impedance and
Networks of Transformers ..Contd
• Case 5: Δ – Δ transformer bank
Fuses vs. Relayed Breakers

25
GE Consumer & Industrial
Multilin

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