UNDERSTANDING CULTURE AND POLITICS

SHS FINAL EXAM TANGOS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2nd Term, 2017-2018

Name: __________________________________________________ Score: _______________

1. Which of the following statements is true?

a) Unlike other animals, human infants are born with a culture.
b) Human infants come into the world ready to learn a culture but are not born with one.
c) Socialization is another word for acculturation.
d) b and c

2. The general process of acquiring culture is referred to as _____________ .

a) socialization
b) acculturation
c) semai
d) none of the above

3. Which of the following things is normally learned during the socialization process?
a) the roles we are to play in life
b) the culture's norms
c) the language of the people around us
d) all of the above

4. Which of the following statements is true?

a) Socialization plays no part in personality formation in individuals.
b) Large-scale complex societies that are not culturally homogenous usually have unanimous agreement
about what should be the shared norms.
c) Successful socialization can result in uniformity within a society.
d) b and c

5. Individuals who have not been socialized in the same way as the majority of people are often considered
by their society to be __________________ .
a) mentally ill
b) abnormal or odd
c) deviant
d) all of the above

6. When does socialization begin?

a) at the time when an individual is conceived or within the first few weeks following conception
b) at birth or shortly thereafter
c) on entering nursery school or kindergarten
d) when children reach puberty and are able to understand the reasons for society's rules

7. Which of the following is true of socialization?

a) Early childhood is the period of the most intense and the most crucial socialization.
b) Socialization continues until we are adults and then usually stops because we have learned our culture by
that time.
c) All cultures use the same techniques to socialize their children.

8. Who is mostly involved directly in the socialization of children around the world?
a) adult men 20-40 years of age
b) grandparents
c) women and girls

9. As a result of Margaret Mead's 1950's study of socialization practices in six different societies, she
concluded that _____________________________ .
a) Socialization practices vary markedly from society to society.
b) Socialization practices are generally similar among people of the same society.
c) both of the above
d) none of the above

10. The repetitive practicing of basic skills by an individual is an example of which kind of educational
method?
a) formal
b) informal
c) technical
d) none of the above

11. Human culture is ___________________ .

a) partly inherited genetically
b) entirely learned
c) limited to relatively rich societies with sophisticated technologies
d) all of the above
 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE AND POLITICS
SHS FINAL EXAM TANGOS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2nd Term, 2017-2018

12. Which of the following statements is true of culture?

a) Languages are cultures.
b) Archaeologists dig up culture in their excavations.
c) Culture is a powerful human tool for survival.
d) all of the above

13. Who first defined culture as "that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals,
custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society?"
a) E. B. Tylor
b) the author of this tutorial
c) Tylor Edwards
d) none of the above

14. A _________________ is a regional, social, or ethnic group that is distinguishable from other groups in
a society by the fact that its members share a common identity, food tradition, dialect or language, and other
cultural traits that come from their common ancestral background and experience.
a) culture
b) subculture
c) multi-ethnic society
d) none of the above

15. Which of the following things would be cultural universals?

a) the language that you speak
b) the kinds of clothes that you wear
c) the specific knowledge that you acquired in school
d) none of the above

16. Culture is ____________________ .

a) the same thing as society
b) limited to humans
c) possessed only by males
d) none of the above

17. Societies are ____________________ .

a) groups of interacting organisms
b) only found among humans
c) created only by technologically sophisticated peoples such as those in the industrialized nations of the
world
d) none of the above

18. Which of the following statements is true concerning human evolution?

a) The first humans evolved in the cold temperate regions of the world because of the need to develop
culture for survival in those areas.
b) Culture is necessary for survival in the complex industrialized nations, but it is not in small societies that
live by hunting and gathering wild foods.
c) Culture is an adaptive mechanism for humans.
d) all of the above

19. Compared to what it was before the end of the last ice age (about 10,000 years ago), the rate of human
culture change is now _______________ .
a) faster
b) slower
c) about the same
d) none of the above

20. Which of the following statements is true?

a) The fact that cultural evolution can occur faster than biological evolution has altered the effect of natural
selection on humans.
b) People are pre-adapted by their genes to acquire particular cultures.
c) none of the above
d) all of the above

21. All human cultures evolve over time. Which of the following things is most responsible for this?
a) culture is an adaptive mechanism
b) culture is instinctive
c) culture is cumulative
d) all of the above

22. Approximately 8,000-10,000 years ago, our ancestors invented agriculture. Which of the following things
was a consequence of this development?
a) a more controllable and dependable food supply
b) the creation of villages, towns, and ultimately cities
 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE AND POLITICS
SHS FINAL EXAM TANGOS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2nd Term, 2017-2018

c) the emergence of new kinds of political systems.

d) all of the above

23. Which of the following is a likely consequence of cultural evolution?

a) culture loss
b) better health
c) greater intelligence
d) all of the above

24. Culture change occurs as a result of ________________ .

a) diffusion
b) invention
c) both of the above
d) neither of the above

25. Ethnocentrism refers to the fact that _________________ .

a) some cultures are actually better than others
b) people usually believe that their way of life is superior, and they are somewhat condescending or even
hostile toward other cultures
c) the technologically simpler societies usually feel that their cultures are inferior
d) none of the above

26. When anthropologists study other societies, they need to suspend their own culture-based judgments.
What is this kind of approach called?
a) cultural relativity
b) ethnocentric
c) diffusion
d) none of the above

27. Which of the following statements is true?

a) People usually are unconscious of their culture in their daily lives.
b) There are always a few people in small-scale societies who know all of their culture.
c) In most societies, boys and girls are taught the same things about their culture.
d) all of the above

28. Which of the following statements is true?

a) The range of permissible ways of dressing and acting as a man or woman are relatively unlimited in
traditional Moslem societies.
b) It is likely that there still are some societies existing in total cultural isolation from the outside world.
c) Cultures usually allow a range of permissible behavior patterns.
d) all of the above

29. The break-up of the former empire of the Soviet Union into largely ethnic based nations is an example
of ___________ .
a) globalism
b) tribalism
c) individualism
d) none of the above

30. Why is authority an important element of the state? Because it is

a) The ultimate power in society

b) A government ruled by a few
c) The branch of government that enforces the law.
d) A government’s ability to exercise power without resorting to force.

31. Which of the following is the same as a monarchy?

a) Dictatorship
b) Parliamentary government
c) Anarchy
d) Aristocracy

32. Totalitarian government is one extreme type of government. Which of the following is at the other end of the
political spectrum?

a) Dictatorship
b) Parliamentary government
c) Anarchy
d) Aristocracy

33. What is the difference between direct and representative democracy?

 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE AND POLITICS
SHS FINAL EXAM TANGOS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2nd Term, 2017-2018

a) The amount of freedom citizens have

b) Elected legislators
c) A king
d) Rule of the people

34. What is the difference between parliamentary and presidential democracy?

a) Election of the executive branch

b) Election of the legislature
c) The court system
d) Extent of government power

35. In the percolation-up model, where does political power come from?

a) The ruling class

b) The people
c) The constitution
d) Religion

36. Which of the following is not a source of legitimacy?

a) Tradition
b) Habit
c) Sovereignty
d) Ethnicity

37. The principle of utilitarianism states that

a. government is an institution intended to enforce
b. rules are meant as guidelines for most but not all
c. the moral action is one that maximizes well-being
d. the means justify the ends

38. The United States government has historically viewed terrorism as a ____________ problem.
a. political
b. social
c. military
d. religious

39. Plato’s Republic is an excellent example of political philosophy because he described

a. the ideal state and its functions
b. a Kingship and its expectations
c. the spirit of democratic laws
d. a study of Athenian constitution

40. What is the chief instrument of foreign policy?

a. Elections
b. Intelligence
c. Diplomacy
d. The United Nations

41. Which of the following does Aristotle NOT use as an analogy for the relationship between master and slave?
a. The relationship between king and subject
b. The relationship between statesman and citizen
c. The relationship between soul and body
d. The relationship between craftsman and tool

42. Which of the following does Aristotle consider analogous to the relationship between husband and wife?
a. The relationship between king and subject
b. The relationship between statesman and citizen
c. The relationship between soul and body
d. The relationship between craftsman and tool

43. Which of the following is a fair Aristotelian criticism of Plato's Republic?

a. In aiming at "unity," Plato destroys all social differentiation.
b. Plato seeks to abolish private property.
c. Plato wants to destroy family relationships altogether.
d. Plato provides no details on the tricky matter of transferring children between classes.

44. Which of the following philosophers does Aristotle NOT criticize in Book II?
 UNDERSTANDING CULTURE AND POLITICS
SHS FINAL EXAM TANGOS NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 2nd Term, 2017-2018

a. Plato
b. Eratosthenes of Cyrene
c. Phaleas of Chalcedon
d. Hippodamus of Miletus

45. Which of the following is NOT given as a criticism of the Spartan constitution?
a. It encourages greed.
b. Its system of serfdom is volatile.
c. It gives women too much freedom.
d. The overseers are elected almost at random.

46. Aristotle identifies a city with what?

a. Its constitution
b. The sum of its citizens
c. Everyone who lives within the city walls
d. Its leader

47. Which of the following does Aristotle consider a just government?

a. Democracy
b. Oligarchy
c. Tyranny
d. Aristocracy

48. Which of the following does Aristotle consider an unjust government?

a. Democracy
b. Monarchy
c. Politeia
d. Aristocracy

49. According to Aristotle, what is the end goal of a city?

a. Making its citizens wealthy
b. Securing a life of good quality for its citizens
c. Ensuring the survival of its citizens
d. Providing protection for its citizens

50. Which form of government does Aristotle think is best?

a. Democracy
b. Politeia
c. Aristocracy
d. Monarchy