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Tugas 2 PPTK

The document provides responses to questions about the manufacture of vinyl chloride. It describes: 1) The disadvantages of operating a pyrolysis furnace and distillation towers at low pressure and alternative separation methods. 2) Why it is possible to use the heat of condensation from C2H4Cl2 to drive the reboiler of the first distillation tower. 3) A calculation showing the distribution of chemicals for the first reaction step with excess ethylene and fully converted chlorine.

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Ilman Azhari Nst
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2K views5 pages

Tugas 2 PPTK

The document provides responses to questions about the manufacture of vinyl chloride. It describes: 1) The disadvantages of operating a pyrolysis furnace and distillation towers at low pressure and alternative separation methods. 2) Why it is possible to use the heat of condensation from C2H4Cl2 to drive the reboiler of the first distillation tower. 3) A calculation showing the distribution of chemicals for the first reaction step with excess ethylene and fully converted chlorine.

Uploaded by

Ilman Azhari Nst
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nama : Ilman Azhari

NIM : 1607111664

Kelas : Teknik Kimia S1 A

2.5 Consider the flowsheet for the manufacture of vinyl chloride in


Figure 2.6.
(a). If the pyrolysis furnace and distillation towers are operated at low pressure
(1.5 atm), what are the principal disadvantages? What alternative means of
separation could be used?
(b). For the process shown, is it possible to use some of the heat of condensation
from the C2H4Cl2 to drive the reboiler of the first distillation tower? Explain your
response. If not, what process change would make this possible?
(c) Consider the first reaction step to make dichloroethane. Show the distribution
of chemicals when ethylene is 20% in excess of the stoichiometric amount and the

chlorine is entirely converted. Assume that 100,000 lb∕hr of vinyl chloride are

produced.
(d) Consider the first distillation tower.What is the advantage of cooling the feed
to its bubble point at 12 atm as compared with introducing the feed at its dew
point?
(e) Why isn’t the feed to the pyrolysis furnace heated with the hot pyrolysis
products?
(f) What is the function of the trays in the direct chlorination 3 reactor?
(g) Suggest ways to reduce the need for fuel and hot utilities such as steam.

Answer :
a). Jika tekanan pada furnace dan kolom destilasi dioperasikan pada
tekanan rendah (1,5 atm ) maka reaksinya tidak akan terjadi sempurna dan
fraksinya yang diharapkan menguap tidak akan terjadi penguapan, alternatif yang
yang dilakukan yaitu dengan cara menaikkan suhu operasi.
b.) memungkinkan karena suhu C2H4Cl keluaran dari kolom destilasi 2
suhunya 146 oC, sehingga memungkinkan untuk menguapkan fraksinya pada
reboiler dan juga akan mengurangi beban cooler untuk mendinginkan recycle
C2H4Cl
c). Dik. Dichloro ethana : Mr : 62,5 mol
ditambahkan 20% excess etylen
laju alir vinil chloride : 100000
Dit : distribusi komponen kimia :
𝑙𝑏
100,000 𝑙𝑏
ℎ𝑟
Penyelsaian : Laju alir molar vinyl chloride = = 1600 ℎ𝑟
62,5 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Dik persamaan reaksi :

Sehingga laju alir tiap molar tiap senyawa yaitu : koefisiennya sama
HCl = 1600 lb/mol.hr = 1600 lb/mol.hr
Cl2 = 1600 lb/mol.hr = 1600 lb/mol.hr
C2H4= 1600 lb/mol.hr + (20%×1600 lb/mol.hr) = 1920 lb/mol.hr

Laju alir massa reaktan :


C2H4 = 1920 lb/mol.hr × (28,05) = 53836 lb/hr
Cl2 = 1600 lb/mol.hr × (71) = 113600 lb/hr
Produk dichloro ethane :
C2H4Cl2 = 1600 lb/mol.hr × 99 = 158400 lb/hr
Konversi dichloro ethana 60% :
(1−0.6)
Bahan yang terycycle = × 158400lb/hr = 105600 lb/hr
0.6
Selanjutnya input pada furnace :
= dychloroethane out + dychloroethane recycle + ethylene sisa
= 158400 lb/hr + 105600 lb/hr + 8960 lb/hr
= 272960 lb/hr
Dan untuk produk yang dihasilkan
HCl = 1600 lb/mol.hr × (36,5) = 58400 lb/hr
C2H3Cl = 100000 lb/hr
Sehingga jumlah out pada pirolisis furnace yaitu :
= vinyl chloride + HCl + dychloroethane recycle + ethylene sisa
= 100000 lb/hr + 58400 lb/hr + 105600 lb/hr + 8960 lb/hr
= 272960 lb/hr

d). Buble point adalah saat pertama campuran cair mulai menguap,
sedangkan dew point adalah ketika mulai mengembun. pemisahan menggunakan
distilasi, untuk memisahkan cara untuk menguapkan beberapa komponen. Jadi
feed pada dew point, akan membutuhkan lebih banyak energi untuk
memanaskannya hingga buble point.

e.) tidak akan efektif. Cairan Dichloroethane perlu diuapkan menggunakan


evaporator. Jika kami produk pirolisis panas untuk memanaskannya, itu tidak
akan efektif.

f.) fungsi tray atau plate adalah memperbesar kontak antar komponen shg
bisa dipisahkan menurut kerapatan partikelnya.

g.) untuk mengurangi bahan bakar maka dinaikkan tekanannya tetapi perlu
dipertimbangkan juga nilai cost untuk menaikkan tekanan tersebut.

2.7 Synthesize a flowsheet for the manufacture of vinyl chloride that corresponds
to one of the other branches in the synthesis tree in Figure 2.7. It should begin
with reaction path 4 or 5.

Answer :
Dipilih reaksi 4
Step 1 :

Kemudian dihitung economic potensial jika kita memilih reaksi ini :


Economic Potensial (EP)
C2H4 HCl O2 C2H3Cl H2O
lbmol 1 1 1/2 1 1
Molecular weight 28,05 36,46 32 62,50 18
lb 28,05 36,46 16 62,50 18
lb/lb of vinyl chloride 0,488 0,583 0,256 1 0,288
cent/lb 0,448 25 0 35 0

Maka di dapatkan economic potensial


EP = 35 (1) + 0 (0,288) – 30 (0,448) – 25 (0,583) – 0 (0,256)
= 6,985 cent/lb of vinyl chloride
Step 2 : Distribute the Chemical

C2H4Cl2 + H2O
C2H4
C2H4Cl2
oxyclorination Decanter C2H4Cl
2HCl Pirolisis

½ O2 HCl di recycle

H2O

C2H4 +2HCl + ½ O2 > C2H4Cl2 + H2O C2H4Cl > C2H3Cl + HCl


CC2C2H4ClC2H4Cl
Pada step 2 menggambarkan tentang blok diagram dari proses yang akan
dilakukan dimana terdapat tiga komponen utama yaitu reaktor oxycloronation,
decanter dan pirolisis.
Step 3 :Eliminate in Diffference composition

Recycle HCl

E-4

C2H4
C2H4Cl
oxycloronation pyrolisis
2HCl Decanter

½ O2
E-6
H2O E-9

Vinyl chloride

pada tahap ini akan memisah antara produk dengan HCl, HCl dapat kita gunakan
kembali sebagi umpan

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