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STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT Type: B2.00m x H0.50m Class I Road

Soil Cover Depth: 1.0 m
1 Dimensions and Parameters
Basic Parameters
Ka: Coefficient of static earth pressure 0.592
γw: Unit weight of water (t/m3) 1.00 t/m3
γd: Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3) 1.08 t/m3
Gwd
γs: Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3) 2.08 t/m3
D
γc: Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3) 2.40 t/m3
σck: Concrete Design Strength 225 kgf/m2
t2 σca Allowable Stress of Concrete 75 kgf/m2
σsa: Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar 1850 kgf/m2
τa: Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete) 6.5 kgf/m2
σsy: Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar 3200 kgf/m2
n: Young's Modulus Ratio 24
H
Hf Fa: Safety factor against uplift 1.2
HT
Basic Dimensions
Hf
H: Internal Height of Box Culvert 0.50 m
t3 B: Internal Width of Box Culvert 2.00 m
t1 t1 Hf: Fillet Height 0.15 m
B t1: Thickness of Side Wall 0.25 m (> 0.25m)
t2: Thickness of Top Slab 0.25 m (> 0.25m)
B t3: Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab) 0.25 m (> 0.25m)
BT: Gross Width of Box Culvert 2.50 m
HT: Gross Height of Box Culvert 1.00 m
D: Covering Depth 1.00 m
Gwd: Underground Water Depth for Case 1, 2 1.00 m (= D)
hiw: Internal Water Depth for Case 1, 2 0.00 m
for Case 3, 4 0.50 m

Cover of R-bar Basic Conditions

Top Slab d2 0.05 m Classification of Live load by truck Class 1
Side Wall d1 0.05 m PTM: Truck load of Middle Tire 10.00 t
Bottom Slab d3 0.05 m Ii: Impact coefficient (Dฺ4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3) 0.3
am: Ground contact length of Middle Tire 0.20 m
bm: Ground contact width of Middle Tire 0.50 m
PTR: Truck load of Rear Tire 10.00 t
ar: Ground contact length of Rear Tire 0.20 m
br: Ground contact width of Rear Tire 0.50 m
PTF: Truck load of Front wheel 2.50 t
af: Ground contact length of Front Tire 0.20 m
bf: Ground contact width of Front Tire 0.50 m
qp: Pedestrian load 0.00 t/m2

Dimension of frame

t1 B t1
H0: Height of frame t2/2 + H + t3/2 0.750 m
D1 B0: Width of frame B + t1 2.250 m
t2 D1: Covering depth at middle of top slab D + t2/2 1.125 m

H H0

t3

B0

Load distribution of truck tire

(1) Middle tire's acting point: center of the top slab

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)(2B0-bm')/(am'B0^2) = 2.7794 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 4.250 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 2.200 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 4.250 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 2.200 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 4.250 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 2.200 m

(2) Middle tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') = 2.7807 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 4.250 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 2.200 m

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b) distributed load of rear tire

Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 4.250 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 2.200 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 4.250 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 2.200 m

(3) Rear tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire 2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') = 2.7807 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 4.250 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 2.200 m
b) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 4.250 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 2.200 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 4.250 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 2.200 m

(4) Combination of load distribution of track tire

Case.L1: Pvt1 = 2.7794 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m Combination for Case.L2 (2) (2) (3) (3)
Pvt2 = 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m a) + b) a) + c) a) + b) a) + c)
Case.L2: Pvt1 = 2.7807 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m Distributed load total 2.7807 2.7807 2.7807 2.7807
Pvt2 = 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m Select the combination case of 2.7807 tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.

In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.

Distribution load by pedestrian load

Pvt1 = 0.000 tf/m2

2 Stability Analysis Against Uplift

Analysis is made considering empty inside of box culvert.
Fs=Vd/U > Fa Fs= 2.5632 > 1.2 ok
where, Vd: Total dead weight (t/m) Vd= 6.408 tf/m
U: Total uplift (t.m)
U=BT*HT*γw U= 2.500 tf/m

Ws: Weight of covering soil Ws = BT*{(D-Gwd)*(γs−γw)+Gwd*γd} = 2.700 tf/m

Wc: Self weight of box culvert Wc = (HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*γc = 3.708 tf/m
Fa: Safety factor against uplift Fa= 1.2

3 Load calculation
Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*γc/B0 Wtop= 0.6907
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 1.0800
Pvt1 Pvt1= 2.7794
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 4.5500

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.0000 we1= 0.0000 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 0.6394
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0.1539
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0.1250
Ph1= 0.9183

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.0000
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*γd*Gwd P3= 0.6394
P4=Ka*γs*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 1.0774
P5=γw*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 0.8750
Ph2= 2.5918

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*γc Wsw= 0.3000

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5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*γc/B0 Wbot= 0.6907
Wtop Wtop= 0.6907
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 0.2667
Pvd Pvd= 1.0800
Pvt1 Pvt1= 2.7794
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*γw/B0 Wiw= 0.0000 hiw: internal water depth 0.00 m
Up=-U/B0 U= -1.1111
Q= 4.3963

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 1.5540 - 1.1250 - 1.7483 X = ΣM/ΣV = 1.125 m
side wall (left) 0.3000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.000 m
side wall (right) 0.3000 - 2.2500 - 0.6750
invert 1.5540 - 1.1250 - 1.7483 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 2.4300 - 1.1250 - 2.7338 q1 = ΣV/Bo + 6ΣVe/Bo^2 = 4.3963 tf/m2
Pvt1 6.2536 - 1.1250 - 7.0353 q2 = ΣV/Bo - 6ΣVe/Bo^2 = 4.3963 tf/m2
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.1250 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 1.3163 - 0.3154 0.4152
side wall (right) - -1.3163 - 0.3154 -0.4152
internal water 0.0000 - 1.1250 - 0.0000
uplift -2.5000 - 1.1250 - -2.8125
total 9.8916 11.1280

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 1.0800
Pvt1 2.7794
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.6907
Ws 0.2667
Pq= 4.8167

Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2

1) vertical load against top slab

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*γc/B0 Wtop= 0.6907
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 1.0800
Pvt1 Pvt1= 2.7807
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 4.5514

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 1.6462 we1= 2.7807 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 0.6394
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0.1539
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0.1250
Ph1= 2.5645

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 1.6462
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*γd*Gwd P3= 0.6394
P4=Ka*γs*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 1.0774
P5=γw*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 0.8750
Ph2= 4.2380

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*γc Wsw= 0.3000

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*γc/B0 Wbot= 0.6907
Wtop Wtop= 0.6907
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 0.2667
Pvd Pvd= 1.0800
Pvt1 Pvt1= 2.7807
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*γw/B0 Wiw= 0.0000 hiw: internal water depth 0.00 m
Up=-U/B0 U= -1.1111
Q= 4.3976

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