Republic of the Philippines

NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

THE ESSENTIAL OF WEARING PROPER SCHOOL UNIFORM IN NABUA

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Submitted to

MRS MARIETTA P. BONANZA

Group 7

Members

Mark Gil Serillano

John Luis Fernandez

Carl Allen Tayamora

Julie Fel Orcine

Abegail Buban

Richelle Camo

Myca Pasadilla

11 GAS 3
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost we thank our Almighty God for giving us strength,

wisdom and perseverance to face the challenges in making this research study

possible.

We are deeply grateful to Mrs. Marietta P. Bonanza for guidance and

encouragements in making this research a success. We always appreciate your

constructive comments and your personal support to our academic

endeavours.

To our wonderful parents, sisters and brothers, also to our relatives and

loved ones, thank you for your unconditional love, your encouragement and

support.

We would like to extend a heartfelt thank you. Thank you for all the

blessings and prayers.

- The Researchers
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter presents the different essential elements: the introduction, which

contains the rationale, the statement of the general and specific problems, the scope

and delimitation which identifies the major variables, sub-variables and the indicators,

the significance of the study which enumerates the beneficiaries of the study and the

corresponding benefits each will receive, and lastly, the notation.

Introduction

Nowadays, most of the Senior High School Students prefer their physical

structure looks presentable and follows the new trend in fashion of the society. The

Uniform Policy of the School seemed to be disregarded considering most of the

students are not following the implemented management procedure and policy.

Nabua National High School is one of the schools in the Municipality of Nabua.

It is one of the outstanding and a multi-awarded school among the 5th district of

Camarines Sur. But the students’ behavior towards the school’s policy is quite contrary

to the excellence of the school.Some students don’t mind paying much attention to the

policy.

Uniform is a type of clothing worn by members of an organization while

participating in that organizations activity. Uniform advocates propose several different

arguments. The main objective of the study is to know the perspective of the students

about the proper wearing of School Uniform. Since the students nowadays are more

on following the new trends in fashion. This study aims to know the further reasons

behind why students don’t follow the implemented policy.

 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

The conduct of this study will be a benefit to the school and to the students;

opinions of the students will be given a chance to be noticed by the school regarding

the uniform policy and the school will know the reasons why students doesn’t wear

uniform and can even made a plan to solve the problem

Statement of the Problem

The investigators seek to discover the opinions of Senior High School students

regarding the Uniform Policy of Nabua National High School. School Uniforms are

required in many schools. School uniforms vary from a standard issue T-shirt to

rigorous requirements for many items of formal wear at private schools. School

uniforms are in place in many public schools as well. 5While the general policy is that

the wearing of a school uniform shall not be required in public schools (as embodied

in DepEd Order No. 45 s. 2008), it is necessary to provide guidance on what

constitutes proper school attire. A student’s attire should reflect respect for the school

as an institute of learning.

The following are the specific research problem question of the study:

1. What is School Uniform Policy?

2. What are the opinions of Senior High School Students about the School Uniform

Policy?

3. What are the possible reasons behind their opinion?

4. How will the given opinion of Senior High School Students affect the implemented

policy of the school?

 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

Scope and Delimitation

The study assessed the school uniform policy of Nabua National High School,

school year 2018-2019. The factors that were included in the study were the school

uniform policy itself, financial status and the behavior of the students towards the

policy. Moreover, the respondents included only in the study are the Senior High

School Students.

The first variable as enumerated is the School Uniform Policy. Its indicators are

the following; regular wearing of school uniform, complete set of uniform and

exemption during P.E classes.

As follow, the Financial Status of every student’s households. The indicators of

these variable are the economic state of the family, whether in poor, average living,

rich living, employed parent, unemployed and self-employed.

And lastly, the behavior of students towards the school’s policy. Their behavior

may be based on what type of community they come from and peer influence. On how

they comply with the policy, their reaction and if they are mentally and physically

prepared to the policy.

The data will be gathered in the school Nabua National High School from Senior

High School Students particularly GAS strand students. The research will be

conducted during the process of data gathering and when the respondents are

available.
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

Significance of the Study

The significance of the study is to know the opinions of Senior High School

Students towards the School Uniform Policy. This study can help the people included

in the issue concerning the policy.

The following people are the beneficiaries of the study and the benefits they

received from the result of the study:

To the students, therewill be a chance that their complaints about the uniform

policy will be addressed to the school. Their opinions can make alternative action

towards the school’s policy. And lastly, this can help them in understanding why there

is a need to have a school uniform.

To the school, they can make alternative action towards the student’s opinion.

They will know the students’ perception regarding the policy and the result may serve

as their guide in the implementation of the policy.

To the parents, there will be a less burden for their children’s clothing. They

will be enlightened about the school’s uniform policy and may serve as an eye opener

to guide more their children in this policy.

 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter presents the relevant theories related to the study, review of

related literature showing different variables connected to the study and the review of

related studies.

Relevant Theories

There are few theories that can be related to the proposed study and one of it

is the Rational Choice Theory by Gary Becker.

The Rational Choice Theory explains that the human action and behavior are

the products of choices, then assumes that an individual has preferences among the

available choice alternatives that allow them to state which option they prefer.

Preferences can take different forms. A strict preference means that you prefer one

choice over its alternative. An individual acts rationally in pursuit of her own self-

interest and not in the interests of others. The self-preferences of every individual are

the one being highly favored in hierarchical preference s under the Rational Choice

Theory. The person critically thinks of choices and decisions that maximize their own

happiness. These decisions provide the people with the greatest benefit or satisfaction

given the choices available and their highest self-interest. The idea that you make

better off is the basis of the theory of the Rational Choice Theory.

In the connection with our study, the students have their own preferences on

what type of clothing’s they want to wear. From observing the student’s behavior, we

believe that the best theory why individuals make such decision is that they make
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

choices that are in their best self-interest which is called the “Rational Choice Theory”.

By the observation, the students most prefer to wear a civilian and comfortable type

of clothing rather than wearing the schools uniform. Due to modernization that took

place in our society, some students choose to fit in not only in the community but also

in school when it comes to fashion. The choices that they prefer give them the greatest

benefit and satisfaction.

The Theory of Planned Behavior by IcekAjzen can also be related to the study.

This theory state that the attitude towards behavior, a subjective norm, and perceived

behavioral control can together shape an individual’s behavioral intentions and

behavior. It’s a theory that links one’s belief and behavior. The theory is use to predict

an individual’s intention to engage in a behavior at a specific time and place. The

theory was intended to explain all behaviors over which people have the ability to avert

self-control. The key component to this model is behavioral intent; behavioral

intentions are influenced by the attitude about the likelihood that the behavior will have

the expected outcome and the subjective evaluation of the risk and benefits of that

outcome. This theoryhelps to understand how we can change the behavior of people.

The TPB is a theory which predicts deliberate behavior, because behavior can be

deliberative and planned. It is the notion of the behavioral intention; a person’s

intention of performing a given behavior is the best predictor of whether if not the

person will actually perform the behavior. It is based on the premise that the best

predictor of an actual behavior is the behavior a person actually intends to do. There

are three models used in the theory; Attitude towards the specific act or behavior, the

normative component, our belief about what valued others expects us to do and
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

perceived behavior control, which is the degree to which a person can control the

behavior.

In connection with the study, the attitude that the student possess reflects

toward their actions. This include their behavioral intentions if they would follow their

beliefs in accordance to their likelihood- a like to prefer to prefer their personal interest

in wearing the school uniform or their chosen attire. Since the behavioral intent is what

matters the most to an individual.

Review of Related Literature

11According to School Dress Code by Thomson Reuters inFindlaw, clothing is

the primary means from expressing ideas for students, yet school across the country

enforce strict dress code policies that may interfere with student’s right to self-

expression. The first school dress code law was established in 1969 by the U.S

Supreme Court. The case was known as Tinker vs Desmoines Independent School

District; this involves Several High School Students who wore black armbands to

school in a planned protest against the Vietnam War. In a far-reaching decision the

court essentially decided that school must limit student expression such as enforcing

Dress Code, if there is legitimate concern that such expression will be discipline to the

learning environment. Dress Code rules for students promote a safe, disciplined

school environment; prevent interference with school work and to encourage

uniformity of student dress. For instance dress codes that prohibit clothing that is

vulgar, worn in a manner that disrupts school activity are generally permitted. The

freedom of speech and expression of the students may be prohibited in dress code
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

policies if the students’ choice in clothing draws attention away from the schools

learning environment.

Therefore, limits on dress codes have include the following: limit on gang-

related clothing, ban on suggestively-themed T-Shirts, requirement to wear school

colors only and limits on skirt, shirt and pants length, ban on clothing that depends

sexually explicit or indecent drug use strictly happened. In contrast in limiting dress

code as a mean to provide a safe environment, school dress codes in most cases

cannot be used to prevent students from expressing their religion beliefs. The freedom

of religion issues state laws that protect students’ right to wear religious attire in school.

3The impact of school uniforms on academic achievement, social benefits,

economic benefits and school safety is large as well to the schools’ benefit. The

mandatory schools led to the improvement in rates of attendance, graduation and

suspension but not in academic proficiency or expulsion rates. Many researchers

agree that school uniform policy have the greatest impact on students’ achievement.

An increase level of sense of belonging amongst students has been attributed. Bodine

(2003) and Stockton, Gullat and Park (2002) reported a positive correlation between

uniforms and students achievement. Researchers also stated that uniforms bridge the

social gap and level the playing field with regards to student attire. Likewise, reports

that uniforms have been linked to increased self esteem and confidence amongst

students.

For economic benefits, school uniforms can be beneficial to all families by

lowering clothing cost. In a study designed to measure the impact of uniforms on gang

activity within schools, teachers reported lower levels of gang presence. Results from
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

another study, focused on principals of perception of violence within schools, showed

that principals of schools where uniforms are worn, reported lower levels of perceives

violence within their school. Similarly, reported anecdotal evidence from principals that

uniforms reduce the level of gang presence within schools. Researchers suggest that

a school policy alone will not prevent school violence; but that uniforms may help to

contribute to a safe school climate when included in a comprehensive school safety

framework.

7An essay written by Eau Claire entitled Unhappy in Uniform states a major

discomfort on the implementation of School Uniform Policy. Modern uniforms are

generally of neutral color and unflattering materials that are especially unpopular with

teenagers. The textiles themselves wouldn’t be so appalling if only they weren’t

constructed into garments such as culottes, turtle necks, and unappealing designs.

According to DebronViadero in “Uniforms Effects”, school uniforms in the west

emerged greatly in 19th Century Britain as a way to replace the chaotic, messy look

that was common in schools at the time. The big question for her is, do uniforms really

have that big of an impact on conduct and scholastics success in schools? And if there

is a correlation between the two, are those advantages really worth their downfalls?

Considering school uniforms limitation on confidence and self-esteem, the small

impact they have on violence and behavioral issues.

12Does wearing a school uniform improve student behavior? An article written

by Todd A. De Mitchell, states that in a growing number of school districts across the

nation, students must wear a uniform. According to the US Department of Education,

wearing a uniform can decrease the risk of violence and theft, instill discipline and help
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

school officials recognize intruders who came to the school. Research on the effects

of school uniforms is still nascent. And the findings on the impact of school uniforms

on student behavior, discipline, connection on the school, attendance and academic

gains is at best mixed. Schools claim that when students come in uniforms, it improves

discipline and leads to academic gains. The Bossier Parish School Board in Louisiana

enacted a uniform policy in 2001 in order to increase test scores and reduce

disciplinary problems.

However students allege such policies are unconstitutional, as they restrict their

freedom of expression. They protest their right5s due to what type of community they

come from and the influences of their friends.

2Modernization is the current term for an old process the process of social

change whereby less developed societies acquire characteristics common to more

developed societies. This lead to the progress and advancement of fashion trends,

improved products and unique mindsets of product being produced.

6Pressures on teens to wear fashionable clothes are rising and want to wear

the latest fashions. Teens may feel pressure from an array of sources, such as friends,

non-friend peers and even the media to follow the current trends and wear fashionable

clothes. Due to peer pressure the students seldom disregard the implemented school

uniform policy because of the influence of other and within the social media.
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

Review of Related Studies /Foreign Studies

4The study entitled “School discipline, School Uniforms and Academic

Performance” which was conducted by Chris Baumann and Hana Krskova, both from

Department of Marketing and Management in Macquarie University, in Sydney

Australia was purposely written to examine the role of school disciplined in achieving

academic performance. This study aims to clarify the role of permissive dis-a-vis

authoritative teaching style with an overarching hypothesis that better discipline leads

to better performance. The authors also prove whether uniformed student have better

discipline.

The results demonstrate differences in school discipline across five geographic

clusters, with East Asia leading the way. It states here that peak-performing students

have the highest level of discipline. Students wearing uniform listened better with lower

teacher waiting times.

The findings of the study support that in general, implementing school uniforms

at schools might enhance discipline for better learning. In a similar study conducted

by Cameron (2006), it states that “Generally, School Discipline is defined as school

policies and action taken by school personnel with students to prevent or intervene

with unwanted behavior”

In relation to our study, it explains that the school uniform has an effect to the

students’ n terms of academic. School uniform being more often tends to result to

peak-performing students who have the highest level of discipline where in students

who listened better gives a product to teachers who can be able to spend the exact
 Republic of the Philippines
NABUA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Senior High School
S/Y 2018 - 2019

allocated time in teaching and the unity of students in terms of participation in the

class.

9The study entitled “Public School Uniforms: A case study of one’s school’s

experience” conducted by Mary Louise Murphy who personally experienced the study,

states that despite the limited amount of research available, poor quality of the

research the does exist and the difficulties of evaluating the impact of such policy,

many parents and teachers perceive that uniforms have a positive on students and

learning environment, and the number of schools participating continues to increase.

Thus, given the nature of public schools and the democratic ideals and individualism

and diversity which are generality thought and valued, mandating what students wear

can be problematic.

In an attempt to bring an insight to the larger questions being asked the school

uniform phenomenon will be explored in a real-life context by describing why and how

one elementary school implemented a school uniform policy. First is, to better explain

and put in context what happened at this school, there is a review and synthesis of the

literature that includes historical and legal information, as well as applicable research

on the sociological and psychological impact of clothing. Second, the decision making

and implementation process in a particular school as a policy requiring school uniform

was implemented. Multiple sources of data are used to analyze why and how uniform

policy was implemented and in what ways the school community was impacted. Third,

the academic and behavioral impact of uniforms at a certain school is compared to the

results from schools in four other districts that have implemented school uniform

policy.