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1 What Is A Network

The document discusses how EIGRP uses bandwidth and delay as default metrics to determine the best path between a source and destination. It provides examples to show how EIGRP routers calculate metrics for different paths using formulas for bandwidth and delay. In one example, it is shown that R1 will choose the path through R3 to Network A because it has a lower metric of 20307200 compared to the path through R2 which has a higher metric of 46277376.

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jpatr
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50 views

1 What Is A Network

The document discusses how EIGRP uses bandwidth and delay as default metrics to determine the best path between a source and destination. It provides examples to show how EIGRP routers calculate metrics for different paths using formulas for bandwidth and delay. In one example, it is shown that R1 will choose the path through R3 to Network A because it has a lower metric of 20307200 compared to the path through R2 which has a higher metric of 46277376.

Uploaded by

jpatr
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EIGRP metrics: Bandwidth and Delay

LAST UPDATED JUNE 27, 2017 BY BILLY

Kagaya nga ng nabanggit natin, bandwidth and delay by default ang EIGRP metrics na
ginagamit ni EIGRP para mag-compute or mag-select ng best path from one source to
the destination.

If you haven’t read the EIGRP Part I yet, please read it now.

Again yun ay kung may 2 or more EIGRP protocol exists configured from one source to
a destination. Siyempre kung ibang routing protocol, AD or administrative distance ang
i-cocompare ni router. Kagaya ng pinag-usapan natin sa administrative distance and
metrics.

In a nutshell, BANDWIDTH is the capacity of network or interfaces kadalasan measured


in bits per seconds, kumbaga ilan or size ang kayang ma-transfer in a seconds at ang
DELAY naman ay ang round-trip or amount of time that it takes a packet from source to
destination. That’s the basic! Gotcha?

In EIGRP, sila ang ginagamit to compute or select the best path from source to
destination. Pano naman nag-dedecide ang mga router with EIGRP to compute and
compare bandwidth and delay? Ganito mga idol.

EIGRP Metrics
Ang complete formula ni EIGRP to computer its metrics ay ito:

metric = ([K1 * bandwidth + (K2 * bandwidth) / (256 – load) + K3 * delay] * [K5 /


(reliability + K4)]) * 256

Mahaba at nakakalito diba? Hehe. Pero gaya ng nabanggit ko, since by default
bandwidth at delay lang ang kadalasang ginagamit, ito ang shortcut or mas mabilis na
formula for default behavior.

metric = bandwidth + delay

Mas madali di ba? Simpleng simple, hindi katulad nung nauna. Again ito ay para
maintindihan niyo ang basic of EIGRP protocol at kanyang fundamentals. Sa real world
scenario, bihira ang gumagamit ng default so most likely ang complete formula ang
ginagamit or naka-customize ito ayon sa need ng isang company or organization. For
now, focus tayo sa basic and fundamentals.

Pano natin ma-cocompute ang bandwidth at delay. Let’s have an example.

As per Cisco, we need to use the following formula.

bandwidth = (10000000/bandwidth(i)) * 256


where bandwidth(i) is the least bandwidth of all outgoing interfaces on the route to the
destination network represented in kilobits.

delay = delay(i) * 256


where delay(i) is the sum of the delays configured on the interfaces, on the route to the
destination network, in tens of microseconds. The delay as shown in the show ip eigrp
topology or show interface commands is in microseconds, so you must divide by 10
before you use it in this formula.

Let’s have a basic example.


Sa ating sample network image sa taas, makikita niyo na meron tayong 4(R1 to R4)
routers then Network A na naka-kabit kay R4. Meron tayong iba’t ibang sample ng delay
at bandwidth values kada interfaces ni router. In short ito ang ating mga given:

R1

Interface s1/0
Bandwidth: 56
Delay: 2000

Interface s1/1
Bandwidth: 128
Delay: 1000

R2

Interface s1/0
Bandwidth: 56
Delay: 2000

Interface s1/1
Bandwidth:
Delay:

R3

Interface s1/1
Bandwidth: 128
Delay: 1000

Interface 1/0
Bandwidth: 1000
Delay: 100

R4

Interface s1/0
Bandwidth: 1000
Delay: 100
Interface s1/1
Bandwidth: 1000
Delay: 100

Network A

Bandwidth: 1000
Delay: 100

Sa ating sample scenario, from R1 to Network A, meron tayong 2 possible paths. Una,
R1 to R2 then R4 para makarating kay Network A. Pangalawa, R1 to R3 then R4 para
din makarating kay Network A. Sabihin natin na EIGRP ang naka-configured kay R1 or
sa mga router, aling path ang gagamitin ni R1?

Sabi ko nga kanina, by default bandwidth and delay ang ginagamit ni EIGRP bilang
metric. So pano mag-cocompute at magco-compare si R1 ng metric between two
paths? Let’s see. Gamitin natin ang formula.

So again ang formula natin sa taas sabi ni Cisco is:

bandwidth = (10000000/bandwidth(i)) * 256


where bandwidth(i) is the least bandwidth of all outgoing interfaces on the route to the
destination network represented in kilobits.

and

delay = delay(i) * 256


where delay(i) is the sum of the delays configured on the interfaces, on the route to the
destination network, in tens of microseconds. The delay as shown in the show ip eigrp
topology or show interface commands is in microseconds, so you must divide by 10
before you use it in this formula.

Basically ang kukunin daw na bandwidth ay ang “least bandwidth” sa lahat ng outgoing
interfaces papunta sa destination then sa delay naman is the sum or total ng mga
delays from source to destination.

Compute muna natin ang from R1 through R2 path.

minimum bandwidth = 56k (Ito ang pinaka-least na banddwidth sa lahat ng mga


interfaces from R1 through R2)
total delay = 2000 + 100 + 100 (Pinag-sama sama naman natin lahat ng delay from R1
to R2, R2 to R4 then R4 to Network A

[(10000000/56) + 2200] x 256 = (178571 + 2200) x 256 = 180771 x 256 = 46277376

So pano nakuha? Again by following the formula, isu-substitute lang natin yung values
ng bandwidth and delay na meron tayo. Then follow the usual mathematical
procedures. Let me break it down ng mas simple.

 Yung nasa loob muna ng parenthesis(usual math procedures) 10000000/56 =


178571
 then saka natin siya i-add sa total ng delay 178571 + 2200 = 180771
 tapos saka natin i-multiply sa 256. 180771 x 256 = 46277376
 kaya siya naging 46277376

Gets mo idol?

Ok, compute naman natin yung R1 through R3 na path.

minimum bandwidth = 128k

total delay = 100 + 100 + 1000 = 1200

[(10000000/128) + 1200] x 256 = (78125 + 1200) x 256 = 79325 x 256 = 20307200

Same computation lang mga idol ha. Siguro naman alam mo na this time kuna pano
nakuha. Baka nalilito ka lang. Ulitin mo lang, sure ako makukuha at maiintindihan mo rin
yan. Kung may tanong at reaction, comment or email lang.

From R1 to Network A via EIGRP, we have the following metrics after the computation
of the given.

R1 > R2 > R4 > Network A = 46277376


R1 > R3 > R4 > Network A = 20307200

In this scenario, R1 will choose the path through R3. Again, mas mababa mas mabilis.
And that’s how basic of EIGRP protocol compute its metrics. Please take note na pina-
simple lang natin ang mga values para mas madaling maintindihan.

So in case may 2 or more EIGRP na configured kay router, by default it will compute
and compare ng bandwidth and delay. Gaya ng simpleng example natin, malalaman ni
router kung alin ang mas “best path“. Ang path na ito ang isasave at ilalagay niya sa
routing table bilang successor. At gaya ng nabanggit natin, feasible successor niya ang
sumunod na pinaka-mababang metrics.

Remember nabanggit ko nung una na kino-compute ni EIGRP lahat ng possible paths


at isina-save ito sa kanyang topology table for future references. That’s how it works
kapatid.

Alright, I hope by this time somehow kahit papaano ay na-gets or naintindihan niyo ang
basic kung papaano nag-cocompute at nag-cocompare si EIGRP ng kanyang metrics.
Again ito ay in case na may two or more paths with EIGRP configured from a source to
destination.

Laging tatandaan, pag different routing protocol, compare at pababaan ng


AD(Administrative distance) then kung same protocol pababaan naman ng metrics. You
can check the basic of administrative distance and metrics again here.

Hanggang dito na lang muna mga idol. Pag-aralan at balik-balikan niyo muna ito para
makabisado at magamay niyo. Mahaba at marami ang topic about EIGRP protocol.
Ayoko naman ng ma-information overload kayo kaya hinay-hinay lang tayo.

Iisa-isahin natin at hihimay-himayin ang mga yan para mas maintidihan at mas
maunawaan niyo ang basic at fundamentals. See you on the next part of EIGRP.
Cheers!

Update: Check EIGRP Part I, Part III or Part IV here.

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