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* When we do philosophy, we ar like savages, primitive people,
‘who hear expressions of civilized men, misunderstand them and
then draw the strangest conclusions from them"
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Philosophical Investigations, 1 194
“We want to understand something which is alteady in plain
view Fot, sis is what we seem in some sense not to under
stand... Something that we know when no one asks us, but no
longer know when we are supposed to give an account of it is
something that we need to remind ourselves of. (And it is
‘obviously something of which for some reason it is difficult to
remind oneself)"
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Philosophical Investigations, 1.89
‘What is that, namely, the Real (satyam)? That which is other
than the senses and the vital breaths, tht isthe actual (sai) That
which is the senses and the vital breaths, that is the other
(vam) This is what is designated by the word "satya ”
Kausttakt Upanisad,16
Whatever was in the past, is there now and will be in the
future, that is “Om” Brahman). Whatever else is beyond these
three times, that is also “Om”
‘Mandiatya Upanisad, |
||
Advaita
A Contemporary Critique
Srinivasa Rao
Diboteka last Filovolh
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1926024408
Indian Gguncil of Philosophical Research
OXFORD
‘Uasvinsit PRESSOXFORD
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pot permission in wring oF Oxon Unvesiy Pesto a expres
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Yo ms not elt thi won ate en
and yout impose this same cnaton om any eater
Isa 1x 9789x9798
‘ypsetin Times 184
yet bythe author
‘Printed in nda by GH Pas PL, New DBS 10 029
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Contents
Preface
1. Orthodoxy and Tiadition
2 Advaita Doetine: Preiminares
3. Logical Possibilities
4 Rope-Snake Mlusion
5. On Sublation
6 A Page fiom Rip Van Winkle
1. Sadavadvilaksona und Asat
8 On gnorance
9. Experiencing Falsiy
10 Differing Pint of View
11 Seeing Differenly
12. The Aiman-Brahman nquities
13 OnAnaiman
14 The Nature of he World
158i Absolute Point of View
16, “Brahma saya jaganoithya..”
17 Re-stating the Obviows
18, Hoow Ignoraice Hurts Us All
19. On Advaita
Notes
Select Bibllogramhy
Index
vii
v
sl
100
110
nz
130
134
139
145
150
158
168
m4
178
184
209
213
28
219Preface
“This will probably be regarded as a stange book on Advaita
‘writen by a very strange thinker by some readers who may find
‘hem both to be very much out of the way. A few among them
who believe very firmly in taditional Advaita may also be
shocked by most of the discussions and criticisms found here.
‘They might genuinely feel chat both the book and its author are
‘ot at alin keeping with—or even as being totally hostile t—
the classical Advaita tadition
Hence I begin by setting up a sharp distinction between
lifeless, rigid omthodoxies on the one hand and real, living
‘taditions on the her. 1 do this because in India no such sharp
distinction between these two is made and consequently totally
dead orthodoxies take the full benefit of the situation and
themselves as living Uaditions. When this happens in
the eld of philosophy which must always be an open-ended
‘nguity, it always becomes an essentially closed endeavour thus
resulting in seyete stultfication ofall creative thinking
While there has sill boen a certain bit of creative thinking
regularly manifesting itself even within the rigidified environ-
‘ment of ll Indian philosophical systems, it has been all too
easy forthe Western indologists and philosophers to miss the
creative dimgasion completely Consequently they have too
teadily depicted Indian schools of philosophy as based on very
tigid acceptance of authority ‘Their characterization of Saskara
as a theologian who blindly accepts the authority of the Vedic
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