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Synthesis of Sentences
Synthesis of Sentences is the opposite of transformation of sentences and means
combination of a number of simple sentences into one new sentence. That new sentence
might be either simple sentence or a compound sentence or a complex sentence.

The following are the chief ways of combining two or more Simple Sentences into one
Simple Sentence.

1. By using a Participle:

• He jumped up. He ran away.

• Jumping up, he ran away.

• He was tired of play. He sat down to rest.

• Tired of play, he sat down to rest.

• He is well versed in English. He was appointed as the English teacher in the school.
• For his knowledge of English, he was appointed as English teacher in the school

Here you may find the Synthesis of Sentences into a simple sentence.

2. By using a noun or a phrase in apposition:

• This is my friend. His name is Rama.

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• This is my friend Rama.

• I spent two days in London. It is one of the most attractive places in England.
• I spent two days in London, one of the most attractive places in England.

• Buddhism was founded in 2500 years ago. It is one of the greatest religions.
• Buddhism, one of the greatest religions, was founded in 2500 years ago.

Here you may find the Synthesis of Sentences into a simple sentence.

3. By using a preposition with noun or gerund:

• The moon rose. Their journey was not ended.

• Before their journey was ended, the moon rose.

• He has failed many times. He still hopes to win.

• Having failed for many times, he still hopes to win.

• Her husband died. She heard the news. She fainted.

• On hearing the news of the death of her husband, she fainted.

4. By using, Nominative Absolute Construction:

• The soldiers arrived. The mob dispersed.

• The soldiers having arrived, the mob dispersed.

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• The town was enclosed by strong wall. The enemy was unable to capture it.
• The town having been enclosed by strong wall, the enemy was unable to capture it.

Here you may find the Synthesis of Sentences into a simple sentence.

5. By using an infinitive:

• I have some duties. I must perform them.

• I have some duties to perform.

• We must finish this exercise. There are still three sentences.

• We have still three sentences in this exercise to finish.

• He wanted to educate his son. He sent him to London.

• He sent his son to London to educate him.

• He is very fat. He can not run.

• He is very fat to run.

6. By using an adverb or an Adverbial Phrase:

• He deserved to succeed. He failed.

• He failed undeservedly.

• The sun set. The boys had not finished the game.

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• The boys had not finished the game by sunset.

Here you may find the Synthesis of Sentences into a simple sentence.

Several of these methods can be combined in the same sentence.

• The sun rose. The fog dispersed. The general determined to delay no longer. He gave
order to advance.

These four simple sentences may be combined to form a single simple sentence.

• At sunrise, the fog having dispersed, the general, determined to delay no longer, gave the
order to advance.

Synthesis of sentences-combing two or more simple sentences into a single

compound sentence:

A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses connected by

a coordinating conjunction.

There are mainly four types of coordinating conjunctions: cumulative, adversative,

alternative and illative.

Cumulative conjunction

The cumulative conjunction merely adds one statement with the other or one coordinate
clause with another coordinate clause. Examples are: and, as well as, not only ... but also

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Study the example given below.

 She is a teacher. She is a writer.

We can combine these two simple sentences into a single compound sentence.

 She is a teacher and a writer.

 She is not only a teacher but also a writer.

 She is a writer as well as a teacher.

Another example is given below.

 The house was big. It was well-ventilated.

We can combine these two sentences into one.

 The house was big and well-ventilated.

 The house was not only big but also well-ventilated.

 The house was big as well as well-ventilated.

 My brother plays the piano. He plays the guitar.

 My brother plays the piano and the guitar.

 My brother plays not only the piano but also the guitar.

 My brother plays the guitar as well as the piano.

Adversative conjunction

An adversative conjunction joins two clauses that express contrasting ideas. Examples
are: but, yet, nevertheless and however.

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Read the two clauses given below.

 It is raining. We will hold the exhibition.

The two sentences given above express contrasting ideas because when it is raining,
people are more likely to cancel events like matches and exhibitions. However, in this case
the organizers decide to hold the exhibition.

These two clauses can be combined using an adversative conjunction.

 It is raining but we will hold the exhibition.

 It is raining yet we will hold the exhibition.

 It is raining; nevertheless we will hold the exhibition.

 It is raining; however, we will hold the exhibition.

The conjunctions nevertheless and however do not connect the two clauses in the strict
sense of the term. Note that the clauses are still separated by a semicolon.

It is also possible to separate the clauses with a full stop. In this case, the
words nevertheless and however merely act as transitional adverbs.

 He plays the piano well. His favourite instrument is the guitar.

These clauses also express contrasting ideas. We can combine them using an adversative
conjunction.

 He plays the piano well but his favourite instrument is the guitar.

 He plays the piano well, yet his favourite instrument is the guitar.

 He plays the piano well; nevertheless, his favourite instrument is the violin.

 He plays the piano well; however, his favourite instrument is the violin.

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Alternative conjunction

An alternative conjunction is used to suggest that only one possibility can be realized.
Examples are: or, either...or. Some alternative conjunctions are used to connect two
negative ideas. Example: neither...nor

 You can work hard. You can fail.

The sentences given above discuss two possibilities of which only one can be realized.

 You can work hard or you can fail.

Note that words for repeated ideas can be left out in the second of two coordinate clauses.

 You can work hard or fail.

 You can either work hard or fail.

The conjunction neither...nor is used to join two negative ideas.

 He does not smoke. He does not drink.

 He neither smokes nor drinks.

Illative conjunctions:

Conjunctions which express an inference are called Illative conjunctions.

By using for, so, therefore

These conjunctions are used when you have to make an inference from one statement or
fact.

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Something fell down. I heard a thud.

Something fell down for I heard a thud.

He is working hard. He will pass.

He is working hard so he will pass.

How to join two or more simple sentences into a single complex sentence.

Method

Change one of the simple sentences into a principal clause and the others into subordinate
clauses.

By using a noun clause

A noun clause does the work of a noun. It can act as the subject or the object of the verb in
the principal clause.

 A good education is essential for success in life. He believes this.

 He believes that a good education is essential for success in life.

 Could he depend on the guide? The traveler did not know.

 The traveler did not know whether he could depend on the guide.

 He is bent on mischief. It is known to everybody.

 That he is bent on mischief is known to everybody.

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By using an adjective clause

An adjective clause does the work of an adjective. It can modify a noun or pronoun in the
main clause.

 The slave had to fight with a hungry lion. The lion was kept in a cage.

 The slave had to fight with a hungry lion which was kept in a cage.

 He is a prince. Trouble had driven him from home.

 He is a prince whom trouble had driven from home.

By using an adverb clause

An adverb clause does the work of an adverb. It can modify a verb, an adjective or another
adverb in the main clause.

 He got the first prize. He was happy.

 He was happy when he got the first prize.

He was happy because he got the first prize.

 Jack fought very well. As a result of that the captain asked him to join his band of
soldiers.

 Jack fought so well that the captain asked him to join his band of soldiers.

 He worked hard. His goal was to gain promotion.

 He worked hard that he might gain promotion.

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