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NRes Assignment

The document provides examples and explanations of key concepts in hypothesis testing including: 1. It lists examples of null and alternative hypotheses for various research scenarios and identifies whether tests should be directional or non-directional. 2. An example of a hypothesis test is shown to illustrate the steps, including defining the null and alternative hypotheses, identifying the test statistic, calculating the test statistic value, comparing it to the critical value, and making a conclusion about rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis. 3. The example tests the claim of a company about the average number of chairs rented and finds enough evidence to reject the claim based on sample data not matching the hypothesized value.

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Kristine Young
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3K views

NRes Assignment

The document provides examples and explanations of key concepts in hypothesis testing including: 1. It lists examples of null and alternative hypotheses for various research scenarios and identifies whether tests should be directional or non-directional. 2. An example of a hypothesis test is shown to illustrate the steps, including defining the null and alternative hypotheses, identifying the test statistic, calculating the test statistic value, comparing it to the critical value, and making a conclusion about rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis. 3. The example tests the claim of a company about the average number of chairs rented and finds enough evidence to reject the claim based on sample data not matching the hypothesized value.

Uploaded by

Kristine Young
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACTIVITIES

I. Fill in the blank with a word/s that will make the statement complete and correct.

1. The probability of a Type I error is determined by the Greek letter alpha (α)

2. The probability of a Type II error is determined by the Greek letter beta (β).

3. If we reject Ho when it is true, we have made a Type I error

4. If we reject a true null hypothesis, we have made a Correct decision.

5. If we fail to reject Ho when it is is false, we have made a Type II error

6. If we reject a false null hypothesis, we have made a Correct decision.

7. If we reject the null hypothesis which is false, the conclusion is Correct decision

8. If the test value falls on the noncritical region, we do not reject the null hypothesis.

9. If we have a prior knowledge about the sample value to expect, then we will

use the independent– samples t- tests.

10. If the test value is greater than the critical value, we reject the null hypothesis

II. State the null and alternative hypotheses of the following.

1. The average age of taxi drivers in Makati City is 33 years old.

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the average age between taxi drivers in Makati City.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the average age between taxi drivers in Makati City.

2. The average income of street sweepers in Quezon City is P6,500.

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the average income between street sweepers in Quezon City.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the average income between street sweepers in Quezon
City.

3. The IQ’s of scientists are greater than 120.

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the IQ’s between scientists

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the IQ’s between scientists.


4. The average height of UAAP basketball players is 5’10”.

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the average height between UAAP basketball players.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the average height between UAAP basketball players.

5. The IQ of doctors and lawyers are the same.

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the IQ between doctors and lawyers.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the IQ between doctors and lawyers.

6. The average cost of mobile phones (cell phone) is P10,500.

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the average cost between mobile phones (cell phone).

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the average cost between mobile phones (cell phone).

7. There is no difference in Statistics grades between male and female students.

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in Statistics grades between male and female students.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in Statistics grades between male and female students.

8. The NAT scores of students in public and private schools are equal.

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the NAT scores between students in public and private
schools.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the NAT scores between students in public and private
schools.

9. The average phone bill for Valenzuela City residents is greater than P1,500.

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the average phone bill between Valenzuela City residents.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the average phone bill between Valenzuela City
residents.

10. The average monthly income of private elementary school teachers in Nueva

Ecija is less than P8,000

Null hypothesis: There is no difference in the average monthly income between private elementary
school teachers in Nueva Ecija.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the average monthly income between private
elementary school teachers in Nueva Ecija.
III. The following problems were to be investigated. Formulate a null hypothesis and an alternative
hypothesis for each of the research problems. Tell whether a directional or non-directional test is
applicable.

1. Do male students feel the same way about long-distance relationships as female students do?

Null Hypothesis: There is no difference in feelings about long-distance relationships between male and
female students

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in feelings about long-distance relationships between male
and female students.

Non-Directional

2. Is pineapple juice more effective in reducing cholesterol levels than lemon juice?

Null Hypothesis: There is no difference in the effectiveness in reducing cholesterol levels between
pineapple juice and lemon juice.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the effectiveness in reducing cholesterol levels between
pineapple juice and lemon juice.

Non-Directional

3. Does the new teaching method affect the performance of students in Mathematics?

Null Hypothesis: There is no difference in the performance of students in Mathematics.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference in the performance of students in Mathematics.

Non-Directional

4. Is passing the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) dependent on the type of school graduated
from?

Null Hypothesis: There is no difference between passing the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET)
and type of school graduated from.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference between passing the Licensure Examination for Teachers
(LET) and type of school graduated from.

Non-Directional
5. Do students who group-reviewed better than those who self-reviewed?

Null Hypothesis: There is no difference between students who group-reviewed and those who self-
reviewed.

Alternative Hypothesis: There is a difference between students who group-reviewed and those who
self-reviewed.

Non-Directional

IV. . Illustrate the steps of hypothesis testing using the problem below.

Happy Party, a chairs and table rental company claims that the average number of chairs rented in a
party is 250 chairs. A sample of 20 rentals has an average of 230 chairs with a standard deviation of 20.
At α =0.05, is there enough evidence to reject Happy Party’s claim? Note: Using the critical value of the t
– distribution, the critical value = 2.093 (two-tailed), if df = 19 (n-1).

Step 1.

Ho : μ 250 chairs (the claim) : It is equal to 250 chairs

Ha: μ ≠ 250 chairs : It is not equal to 250 chairs

Step 2.

Level of significance is 0.05

Step 3.

The appropriate test statistics is a t-test

𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛−ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒𝑑 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛


𝒕= , the degrees of freedom (df) is n-1
𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ÷ √𝑛

Step 4.

230 − 250
𝒕= = −4.47
20 ÷ √20
Step 5.

This is a two tailed-tailed test. Using the table for critical values of the t-Distribution ,the critical value is
±2.262. The test value is greater than the critical value.

Step 6.

There is enough evidence to reject the claim that the average number of chairs rented in a party is 250
chairs. The conclusion is that the average number of chairs rented in a party is not equal to 250 chairs. It
is significantly lower.

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