WORKSHOP DAN SERTIFIKASI JARINGAN

BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI FIBER OPTIC

STRUCTURE CABLING SYSTEM

Duration: 480 minutes

Present by: Papank
[email protected]
0855 119 8888
®
 P.T. DATA GLOBAL KOMUKATAMA ®

DATA GLOBAL KOMUKATAMA http://www.dataglobal.co.id

Established 1995

Product Distribute Brands:

• Full Range Network Products Solution

• Voice Products Solution
• Fibre Optic Cable Products
• Optical Patch Cable Products Solution
• Cabling Products Solution
• Security Products

Ruko Mangga Dua Elok D-18

Jl Mangga Dua Abdad
Office
Jakarta
Telp. 021-6125555
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 Agenda

• Premises Cabling Standard

• Horizontal Distribution System – Twisted Pair
Cabling System
• Premises Cabling Structure &
Telecommunication Spaces
• Backbone Distribution System – Optical Fibre
Cabling System
• System Administration Cabling System
• Cabling Installation Practical Applications
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 ®

Premises Cabling Standard

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Cabling History - 1970 – 1980

ICL Cabling

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 History - Unshielded Twist Pair

• 1988 AT&T advanced the idea of using simple four-pair, 100-Ω,

unshielded twisted pair (UTP)

• 1990 The TIA and EIA changed the word ‘Level’ to ‘Category’ and
Category 3 was born
• 1995 100MHz Category 5 was born and published as a Standard,
TIA/EIA 568A

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International Standards

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ISO/IEC 11801 Standards Overview

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TIA/EIA Standards Overview

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Designing a Structured Cabling System

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 ANSI-TIA/EIA-568

• Defines structured cabling system standards for commercial

buildings, and between buildings in campus environments
• The bulk of the standards define :
a) cabling types
b) distances
c) connectors
d) cable system architectures
e) cable termination standards and performance characteristics
f) cable installation requirements and methods of testing
installed cable
• 1991 TIA568-A
• 1995 TIA568-B

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 ANSI/TIA-568-C - The Third Revision

What’s Coming: One New Standard (568-C.0) and Three Revisions

• 568-C.0 – a new standard for “Generic Structured Cabling”

• Common aspects of the TR-42 suite of documents
• User/Designer/Installer-focused

• 568-C.1 – focus on commercial building (office-oriented) cabling

• User/Designer/Installer-focused

• 568-C.2 – copper cabling components

• Manufacturer-focused document with channel/link limits

• 568-C.3 – fibre cabling components

• Manufacturer-focused document
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 TIA/EIA 569-A – Patways & Spaces

• Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways

and Spaces

• Purpose
Standardize specific design and construction practices within and
between buildings which are in support of telecommunications media
and equipment

• Sections
– Horizontal Pathways
– Backbone Pathways
– Work Area
– Telecommunication Spaces (Telecommunications Room,
Equipment Room, Entrance Facilities)

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 TIA/EIA 606-A - Administration

• Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commercial Buildings

• Purpose
To provide a uniform administration scheme that is independent of applications and establishes
guidelines for owners, end users, manufacturers, consultants, contractors, designers, installers,
and facilities administrators involved in the administration of telecommunications infrastructure

• Sections
– Administration Concepts
– Pathway and Space, and Grounding & Bonding Administration
– Labeling and Color Coding

• 606-A (Administration) was reaffirmed in June, 2007

Extends it for up to five years, as is

• Issued an errata for 606-A in June, 2007

Removing recommendation for using red as the color for “key telephone systems connections”,
as this often conflicts with codes that require red cables for fire protection circuits

• TIA-606-A Addendum 1, Equipment Rooms and Data Center Computer Rooms

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 TIA/EIA J-STD 607-A – Ground System

• Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for the

Telecommunications Industry

• Purpose
To enable the planning, design, and installation of a
telecommunications grounding system that supports a multi-vendor,
multi-product environment as well as the grounding practices for
various systems

• Sections
– Grounding and Bonding Overview
– Components of the Grounding and Bonding Infrastructure
– Telecommunications Room, Equipment Room and Entrance
Facilities

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 ISO/IEC & TIA/EIA Terminologies
ISO/IEC 11801:2002 2nd Edition ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-C.1 Series
Generic Cabling for Customer Premises Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard
Terminology
Distributor Cross-connect
CD (Campus Distributor) MC (Main Cross-connect)
BD (Building Distributor) IC (Intermediate Cross-connect)
FD (Floor Distributor) HC (Horizontal Cross-connect)
Campus Backbone Inter-building Backbone
Building Backbone Intra-building Backbone
Horizontal Media Choices
4-pr 100/120-Ω Cat 3 Balanced Cable 4-pr 100-Ω Cat 3
4-pr 100-Ω Cat 5 Balanced Cable 4-pr 100-Ω Cat 5e
4-pr 100-Ω Cat 6 Balanced Cable 4-pr 100-Ω Cat 6
4-pr 100-Ω Cat 6a Balanced Cable 4-pr 100-Ω Augmented Cat 6
4-pr 100-Ω Cat 7 Balanced Cable 4-pr 100-Ω Cat 7
4-pr 100-Ω Cat 7a Balanced Cable 4-pr 100-Ω Augmented Cat 7
OM1 62.5/125µm Multimode Optical Fiber 62.5/125µm Multimode Optical Fiber
OM2 50/125µm Multimode Optical Fiber 50/125µm Multimode Optical Fiber
OM3 50/125µm Multimode Optical Fiber Laser Optimized 50/125µm Multimode Optical Fiber
OM4 50/125µm Multimode Optical Fiber -
OS1 & OS2 Single-mode Optical Fiber 9/125µm Singlemode Optical Fiber
Categories of Cabling (Link & Channel) Performance
Class C is specified to 16 MHz Category 3 is specified to 16 MHz
Class D is specified to 100 MHz Category 5e is specified to 100 MHz
Class E is specified to 250 MHz Category 6 is specified to 250 MHz (TIA/EIA-568-B.1)
Class Ea is specified to 500 MHz Category 6a is specified to 500 MHz (TIA/EIA-568B 2.10) ®

Class F is specified to 600 MHz Category 7 is specified to 600 Mhz

Class Fa is specified to 1000 MHz Category 7a is specified to 1000 Mhz
ISO/IEC & TIA/EIA Terminologies

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Premises Cabling Structure &
Telecommunication Spaces

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Structured Cabling System
Generic Cabling Subsystem (Link Definitions)

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Structured Cabling System
Backbone Cabling System

CD/MC

BD/IC BD/IC

FD/HC FD/HC FD/HC FD/HC

CP CP
CP CP

TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO
Optional Cables

Optional Distributor
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 Structured Cabling System
Distributed Network Architecture
• Telecommunications rooms are • Advantages of DNA includes:
distributed through the building. – Low backbone cable count
– Efficient use of cable routing space
– Lower cabling investment
– Allow for fault tolerant design

• Disadvantages of DNA includes:

– Moves, Adds and Changes (MAC) are
more complicated
– Additional cost involved in providing
complementing equipments (HVAC, fire-
protection and UPS etc)

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 Structured Cabling System
Centralized Network Architecture
• Provide direct connections form • Advantages of CNA includes:
the work areas to the centrally – Moves, adds, and changes (MACs) are
located equipment room. typically easier – Patching and un-
patching
– Ease of equipment maintenance and
manageability
– Lower administration time and costs
are lower,
– Floor space saving in
Telecommunication Rooms

• Disadvantages of CNA includes:

– Higher initial installation cost
(especially fibre solution)
– Maximum twisted pair link distance of
90 metre

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 Structured Cabling System
Horizontal Cabling Topology
Telecommunication Room
Minimum: Cat 5e
Optional: OM1/2/3

CP
Data

Voice
TP

Minimum: Cat 3

5 meters 90 meters 5 meters

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 Structured Cabling System
Horizontal Cabling Model

• Interconnection
– Cost-effective
– Better performance
– Less components
Interconnection

• Cross Connection
– Commonly used for
telephone application Cross Connection
– Neat administration
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Horizontal Cabling Subsystem

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Work Area (WA)

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Work Area (WA) Cabling

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Telecommunication Outlet (TO)
Placement Requirements

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Routing to Work Area

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Telecommunication Outlets (TO) Boxes

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®

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Horizontal Distribution System – Twisted
Pair Cabling System (Copper Cables)

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Copper Product Overview
Copper Cables

Twisted Pair Cable

• Twisted Pair cables consist of pairs of

conductors with matching pairs “twist wrapped”
around each other.

• ISO call this cable Balanced cable, while

TIA/EIA call this cable Twisted Pair.

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Copper Product Overview
Copper Cables
Why we called it Twisted Pair Cable ?

Main Concern On Copper Cable :

- Attenuation
- Crosstalk / Alien Crosstalk
- EMI / RFI

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 Copper Product Overview
AMP 100 ohm Twisted Pair Cables

Cat 7, 4 pr
Cat 6, 4 pr
Cat 5, 4 pr Cat 5e, 4 pr (PiMF)
(Cross filler)

Cable Flame Rating

• CM – Communication Multi Purpose
• CMR – Communication Riser Rated Cat 7a, 4 pr
• CMP – Communication Plenum (PiMF)
Cat 3, Multi-pair • LSZH – Low Smoke Zero Halogen

Micro Pore

Wooden Reel Hologram ®

Pull Box Reel-In-Box

 Copper Product Overview
Cable Comparison

Cable Grade CM (Communication CMR (Communication CMP (Communication

Metallic) Metallic Riser) Metallic Plenum)
UL Test UL 1581 Vertical Tray UL 1666 Vertical UL 910 Steiner Tunnel
Chamber
Fire Retardant Less (More Smoke) Medium (Medium Higher (Less Smoke)
Smoke)
Application Patch cord, horizontal Horizontal & vertical Use in plenum directly
wiring, general purpose wiring in vertical shaft, without conduit,
outside riser & plenum replaceable of CM replaceable of CM &
CMR
Wiring Exception Can be used in plenum Can be used in plenum -
with fire-proof conduit with fire-proof conduit
Fire safety Less D Medium B More C
Environment Impact More D Medium B Less C
Price Lower C Medium B Higher D
Compare to Fiber OFN, OFNG. OFC, OFNR, OFCR OFNP, OFCP
Cable Grade OFCG
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 Copper Product Overview
AMP 100 ohm Twisted Pair Cables

Cable constructions and designations

Current New
Description
Designations Designations Four UTP
UTP U/UTP Unshielded twisted-pair
FTP F/UTP Foil over UTP
S-FTP SF/UTP Screen and foil over UTP
S-STP S/FTP Screen over foil shielded pairs
Overall Foil Shield/Screen (F)

• U – Unshielded, F – Foil Shield, S – Braided Shield

• First letter designation indicates type of outer shield

• Second letter designation indicates type of shield on

each pair
Overall Cable Sheath
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Copper Product Overview
AMP 100 ohm Twisted Pair Cables
Foiled Twisted Pair (F/UTP)
–Category 5e, 4 pr
–Category 6, 4 pr
–Category 6a, 4pr

Screened, Foiled Twisted Pair (SF/UTP)

–ScFTP (Old)
–Category 5e, 4 pr

Pair in Metal Foil (S/FTP)

–PiMF
–Category 6, 4 pr
–Category 7, 4 pr
–Category 7a, 4 pr ®
 Copper Product Overview
Twisted Pair Cables
Categories of Cabling (Link & Channel) Performance

Class C is specified to 16 MHz Category 3 is specified to 16 MHz

Class D is specified to 100 MHz Category 5e is specified to 100 MHz
Class E is specified to 250 MHz Category 6 is specified to 250 MHz (TIA/EIA-568-B.1)
Class Ea is specified to 500 MHz Category 6a is specified to 500 MHz (TIA/EIA-568B 2.10)
Class F is specified to 600 MHz Category 7 is specified to 600 MHz
Class Fa is specified to 1000 MHz Category 7a is specified to 1000 MHz

Application Data Rate Bandwidth Running at :

10 Mbps Ethernet 10 Mhz

100 Mbps Ethernet 31 Mhz

1.000 Mbps Ethernet 62 Mhz

10 Gbps / 10G BASE-T 417 Mhz

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 Copper Product Overview
Modular Jack – Solid Cable Connector
» SL Series 110Connect Jacks

» Modular Jack for STP Cable

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Copper Product Overview
Patch Panels

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 Copper Product Overview
Faceplates
•

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 Copper Product Overview
Patch Cord – S/FTP
• Patch Cord – STP
» Category 6A S/FTP Patch Cord

» Category 6 F/UTP Patch Cord

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Copper Product Overview
Modular Plug – Stranded Cable Connector

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Copper Product Overview
Tools Kit - UTP

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 Copper Product Overview
Patch Cords

CAT 6A & CAT 6 REAR

FACING HIGHBAND CAT 6A & CAT 6 SYSTEM LEAD
PATCH CORD PATCH CORD CAT 6A & CAT 6
FOR WALL MOUNT
BLOCK

CAT 6A & CAT 6 FRONT

FACING HIGHBAND
PATCH CORD
FOR 19” MOUNTING CAT6A PATCH CORD SYSTEM LEAD CAT6A
BLOCK ®
UTP Test result - Example

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 ®

Premises Cabling Structure &

Telecommunication Spaces

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TR Placement Consideration

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TR Design Consideration

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 Floor Distributor Connectivity Plan

• Horizontal cabling termination can be wall, cabinet or

rack mounted, or a combination of the two.

• Install plenty of cable support and management panels

to dress cable to the termination port.

• Horizontal cable should enter from one side of the room

and backbone cable from the opposite side

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Equipment Room

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 Equipment Room (ER)

• An ER is a large TR.

• It is a geographical area that may contain the

CD and/or BD and/or FD.

• Some of the functions of a TR, BEF and CD

may be combined with an ER so as to share air
conditioning, security, fire control, lighting and
limited access.

• The ER shall house only equipment directly

related to the telecommunications system and
its environmental support systems.

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 ER Design Considerations

• Design considerations are similar to • Voltage supply tolerances, neutral-

requirements for TR toearth voltages and phase
• In addition… balancing installations are critical
» ER shall be sized to meet the known in the proper operation of sensitive
and possible future requirements of
specific equipment.
electronic equipment.
» HVAC should maintain the same • Provide 0.07 sq. meters (0.75 sq.
temperature as the adjacent office ft.) of ER space for every 10 sq.
area 24x7.
meters (100 sq. ft.) of work area
» Considerations should also covers
space. With a minimum design of
acoustics and vibration of the
room environment. 14 sq. meters (150 sq. ft.).
» Static electricity also needs to
be carefully considered.
» Site security is very sensitivity
and intrusion detection/access
control may have to be provided.

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 Rack Elevation Drawing

• The designer should be aware of how

many rack units (RU) will be taken up
by the patch panels and cable
management to leave the appropriate
space for the network electronics, and
that the appropriate number of racks
may be specified.

• 1 rack unit (RU) is equal to 1.73 inches

(44.25 mm) or 3 cavitymounting slots.

• There is no requirements on how rack

is specified/arranged.

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 Telecommunication Rack Planning

• In a single rack implementation, specify the

electronics down low and the patch panels on
top.

• When more than one rack is needed, put the

electronics on one rack and the patch panels on
the other.

• Keep the copper and fiber separated, either

different racks or put fiber panels and devices
on the top (easier to work with) and copper on
the bottom.

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 Building Entrance Facility (BEF)

• The BEF consists of the telecommunications service entrance to the

building, including the entrance through the building wall and continuing to
the entrance room or space.
• Required whenever campus backbone, public and private network cables
(including from antenna) enter buildings and a transition is made to internal
cables.
• BEF include the pathways for outside carrier services, campus backbone
and antennae entrance pathways.
• BEF consist of a termination field interfacing any outside cabling to the
building backbone cabling.
• Service Entrance Pathway Methods:
» Tunnel
» Underground
» Direct Buried
» Aerial
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 ®

Backbone Distribution System –

Optical Fibre Cabling System

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 Fiber Optic Overview
Elements of Optical Fiber
• CORE
– Carries the light signal (pure silica glass and
doped with germanium )

• CLADDING
– Keeps light signal within core (Pure Silica
Glass)

• COATING
– Protects Optical Fiber From Abrasion and
External Pressures (UV Cured
Acrylate/Acrolyte)
• OFN : General use, less than 50´
• OFNR : Riser rated, Can be used in vertical
passages.
• OFNP : Plenum rated, Can be installed in air
plenums without conduit. Core
• LSZH : Low Smoke, Zero halogen, No specific flame
requirements Cladding 125µm

• 1 micron (m) = 1 micrometer/10-6 meters Coating (Acrylate)

250 µm, 400 µm or 900 µm

Buffer (Optional nylon)

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 Fiber Optic Overview
Optical Fiber Benefits
• High Bandwidth

• Low Signal Attenuation Outer Jacket

• Increase Transmission Distance Kevlar strength members

• Easy and Dependable Installation

Silicone coating
• Compact and lightweight materials
Core
• EMI/RFI Immunity

• No Crosstalk Problems Buffer

• Enhanced Security
Cladding
• Future proof

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 Fiber Optic Overview
Cabling Techniques
• 2 main types of ‘fiber packaging’
– Tight Buffered Fibre
• Application: Mostly Indoor
– Loose Tube Fibre
• Application: Indoor & Universal
900 um Tight jacket over fiber

Gel Filled ‘Loose Tube’

Contains 1 to 144 Inked Fibres
Tube sizes 1.5 to 4.0mm

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 Fiber Optic Overview
Cabling Techniques
Product Range: ‘Tight Buffered’
• Key Advantages:- Application: Mostly Indoor
– Ruggedized fiber provides mechanical protection
– Dry construction - easy handling
– Easy to terminate and connectorise
– Flexible, lightweight, non-metallic cables ideally
suited to indoor applications e.g. FTTD, Horizontal & Backbone
distribution, Patch cords etc.

• Cable Construction:-
– Strength Member
• Kevlar Aramid Yarn strength member
• E-Glass (Rodent Resistance)
– Jacket Flammability Rating
• OFN (Nonconductive optical fiber general-purpose
• OFNR (Nonconductive optical fiber riser)
• OFNP (Nonconductive optical fiber plenum)
• LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen)

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 Fiber Optic Overview
Tight Tube Buffer Cables

Simplex Cable Zipcord Cable Tight Buffer Distribution Cable Multi-Unit Distribution Cable Breakout Cable

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 Fiber Optic Overview
Loose Tube Buffer Cables
• For direct burial in rocky soil or when rodent protection is required.

– STEEL TAPE ARMOUR

• Increased Crush resistance
• Enhanced moisture protection

– STEEL WIRE ARMOUR

• Increased Mechanical strength & Crush resistance
• Increased weight and bigger bend diameter

– GRP (Glass Reinforced Plastic) Armour

• Non-metallic
• Increased cable rigidity - bigger cable bend diameter
• Lightweight
• Increased Mechanical strength & Crush resistance
• Better Rodent protection over glass yarns

Product Range : ‘Armoured Type’

Application : Mostly Outdoor

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 Fiber Products
Optical Fiber NonConductive Riser
• Cables
» Horizontal, 2-4 Fiber (OFNR, PVC)

» Indoor, 6-42 Fiber (OFNR, PVC)

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 Fiber Products
Low Smoke Zero Halogen
• Cables
» Office Distribution (LSZH)
» Indoor/Outdoor Loose Tube 4-144 Fiber (LSZH)

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 Fiber Products
OutSide Plant
• Cables
» OSP Dielectric, 4-48 Fiber (PE)
» OSP Armored, 4-12 Fiber (PE)

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 Fiber Products
OutSide Plant
• Cables
» OSP Armored, 24-144 Fiber (PE)
» OSP Figure 8, 4-144 SM Fiber

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 Fiber Products
Connectors

» LightCrimp Plus
» Epoxy Connectors

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Fiber Products
Cable Assemblies

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Fiber Products
Adaptors

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 Fiber Products
Fiber Optic Patch Panel
• 1U - LC, SC, ST-Style patch panel, international
version

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 Fiber Products
Tools & Accessories
•

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Fiber Products
Testing & Splice

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Fiber Optic Test Result

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 ®

System Administration Cabling

System

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 TIA/EIA 606-A

• What is ANSI/TIA/EIA-606-A?
» It’s the “Administration Standard for Commercial Telecommunications
Infrastructure”.
» Approved May 16, 2002
» Purpose: “specifies administration for a generic telecommunications cabling
system that will support a multi-product, multi-vendor environment”
» Reaffirmed in June 2007
• This Standard addresses the administration of customer-owned telecommunications
infrastructure by:
» assigning unique identifiers to components of the infrastructure
» specifying elements of information which make up records for each identifier
» specifying relationships between these records to access the information they
contain
» specifying reports presenting information on groups of records
» specifying graphical and symbolic requirements

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 TIA/EIA 606-A

• Establishes Classes of Administration: ‘Classes’ by system size

» Class 1 (small) specifies administration for telecommunications
infrastructure with a single telecommunications room (TR)
» Class 2 (medium) specifies administration for telecommunications
infrastructure with multiple TRs in a single building
» Class 3 (large) specifies administration for a campus
telecommunications infrastructure with TRs in multiple buildings
» Class 4 (very large) specifies administration for telecommunications
infrastructure with multiple sites or campuses
• Accommodates Scalable Infrastructure
• Allows Modular Implementation
• Specifies Identifiers
• Specifies Labeling Formats
• Most likely forbids hand written label
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TIA/EIA 606-A Identifiers

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Identifier Examples

1A-C0001

Floor 1
Telecommunications
Space A

Port ID (001)

Patch Panel ID (C)

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 ®

Cabling Installation Practical

Applications

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Twisted Pair Installation Considerations

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Maximum Cable Pulling Force

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Minimum Bend Radius

Excessive bending will cause the twisted pairs to change their

geometric shape resulting in impedance changes.

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 Maximum Untwist

The following recommendations for maximum untwist are included in

all the standards:
–Category 5e - not > 12 mm
–Category 6 - not > 6 mm

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 Cable Bundling and Fixing

Attach all cables to the cable support brackets or

hooks and tie all cables in neat bundles, pulling
excess slack to either end of the cables as they
are tied.

• Turns and transitions in cable runs should be supported on either side of each
bend to provides the needed support and also facilitates proper bend radius of
the copper or optical fiber cable.
• Additional support for the corner of the bend should be installed to support larger
cable bundles.

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 Cable Compression

• Excessive compression of the cable adversely affects the cable’s

characteristics both physically and electrically.
• Cable ties shall be applied in such a way that the cables are held
snugly without pinching or distorting the cable jackets.
• Additional stress may cause increased attenuation in fiber links
due tomicro- (or macro-) bending and in the worst case can break
the individual fiber elements.
• A good alternative to the nylon cable tie is the Velcro tape ®

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Voice Distributor - Patch Panel

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Data Distributor – Patch Panel (Rear)

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Data Distributor – Patch Panel (Front)

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Angled Patch Panels Front View

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Angled Patch Panels Rear View

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 ®

terimakasih

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