Warping Effect (7th DOF)

Aug. 22, 2014

Midas IT

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MIDAS IT WARPING EFFECT (7 TH DOF) We Analyze and Design the Future

 When bending moment occurs in a beam element,

→ Law of plane maintenance is valid.

 When shear force occurs in a beam element,

→ Law of plane maintenance is valid.

 When twisting moment occurs in a beam element,

→ Law of plane maintenance is not valid due to Warping.
(excepting for pipe & solid round section)

 Torsional Rigidity of Pipe & Solid Round Section = G * Ip

 Torsional Rigidity of Other Section = 1~2% of G * Ip
Where, Ip: Polar moment of inertia, Ixx + Iyy
G: Shear modulus

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CLASSIFICATION TORSION

 Uniform Torsion: Member is allowed to warp freely

Torque is resisted entirely by St. Venant torsional shear stress.
St Venant Torsion, Tsv
 Non-uniform Torsion: Member is not allowed to warp freely
Torque is resisted by St.Venant’s torsional shear stress & Warping torsion
St Venant Torsion, Tsv + Warping Torsion, Tw

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UNIFORM TORSION

 Circular Section

 Non-circular Section

Replace Ip by J, the torsional constant

For rectangular section, For Plate Girder,
Where, b: breadth and thickness of the rectangle
t: thickness of the rectangle
C: constant depending upon (b/t) ratio and tends to 1/3 as b/t increase
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MIDAS IT WARPING EFFECT (7TH DOF) We Analyze and Design the Future

WARPING FUNCTION

X: r cosβ
 Displacement
y: r sinβ
ux = rθsinβ = θy
uy=rθcosβ = θx
uz = θ Φ(x,y)

 Torsional Constant

rθsinβ
rθcosβ
β
r
θ
β
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NON-UNIFORM TORSION

 Non-Uniform torsion occurs when warping deformation is constrained.

 Warping restraint causes in-plane bending deformation of the flanges in addition to twisting.
 Bending deformation is accompanied by a shear force in each flange.

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NON-UNIFORM TORSION

 Warping torsion

Curva ture

warping constant (Γ)

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NON-UNIFORM TORSION

 Total torsion

Torsional Rigidity

Wa rping Rigidity

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NON-UNIFORM TORSION

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MIDAS IT WARPING EFFECT (7TH DOF) We Analyze and Design the Future

BI-MOMENT METHOD

 Approximate method of torsion analysis for practical purpose

 Bi-moment = Mf * h

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BI-MOMENT METHOD

 Middle Region

1. Calculate Mf using Bi-Moment or Table in the code

Mx

Mt

Mw

Mb
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BI-MOMENT METHOD

 Middle Region

2. Calculate Stress

σw = Mf /S

V = T/d

τw = 1.5V / bt

Normal stress = σbend + σw

Shear stress = τ bend + τ w

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BI-MOMENT METHOD

 End Region

1. Calculate Stress

τsv = Tt / J

Shear stress = τ bend + τ sv

Mx

Mt

Mw

Mb
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MIDAS IT 7TH DOF – PRE-PROCESSING We Analyze and Design the Future

CONSIDER WARPING EFFECT

 Section Property dialog box

• When “Consider Warping Effect(7th DOF)” option is checked on,

section stiffness is calculated using Gen Section Library
(PBeamLmesh.dll).

• When the option is not checked on, section properties and analysis
results are identical to the previous version.

• For Tapered Section, section property is calculated using the

equivalent section of i-end and j-end when Warping Effect is
considered.

Addition of Section Properties for Warping

• When “Consider Warping Effect(7th DOF)” option is checked on,

following constants are additionally plotted.

- Iw : Warping Constant
Consider Warping Effect(7th DOF) - w1, w2, w3, w4 : Warping Function at Point 1,2,3, and 4
- γxy1, γxy2, γxy3, γxy4 : Shear Strain due to Twisting Moment
- γxz1, γxz2, γxz3, γxz4 : Shear Strain due to Twisting Moment

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CONSIDER WARPING EFFECT

 7th DOF is applicable to “ General beam/Tapered beam” .

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CONSIDER WARPING EFFECT IN BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

< Support > < Beam End Release >

Rw

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CONSIDER WARPING EFFECT IN REACTIONS

< Reaction Forces/Moments > < Search Reaction Forces/Moments >

W = 1.11111E+001

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CONSIDER WARPING EFFECT - DEFORMATION

< Displacement Contour > < Search Displacement >

Rw=1.11111E-005

Rw
Rw

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CONSIDER WARPING EFFECT - DEFORMATION

< Beam Forces/Moments >

< Beam Diagrams >

 Component

• W (Bi-Moment)
• Mt (Twisting Moment)
• Mw (Warping Moment)

Unit: W (Bi-Moment) – N*m^2

W Mt Mw

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CONSIDER WARPING EFFECT - STRESSES

< Beam Stresses >

< Beam Stresses Diagram >  Component “ 7th DOF”

- Sax(Warping) : Warping Normal Stress

- Ssy(Mt) : Twisting Moment Shear Stress(τxy)
- Ssy(Mw) : Warping Moment Shear Stress(τxy)
- Ssz(Mt) : Twisting Moment Shear Stress(τxz)
- Ssz(Mw) : Warping Moment Shear Stress(τxz)
- Combined(Ssy) : “ Transverse + Twisting Moment + Warping Moment” Shear Stress(τxy)
- Combined(Ssz) : “ Transverse + Twisting Moment + Warping Moment” Shear Stress(τxz)

※ “Combied(Normal) : Axial + Moment + Warping” when Combined is selected

- W/O warping= Axial + Moment
- With Warping = Axial + Moment + Warping

- ex) Sax(Warping:

Sax(Warping)

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CONSIDER WARPING EFFECT - TABLE

< Reaction Table >

W

< Displacement Table >

Rw

Twisting Moment Warping Moment

< Beam Force Table >

Bi-Moment T-Moment W-Moment

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CONSIDER WARPING EFFECT - TABLE

< Beam Stress(7th DOF) Table >, < Beam Stress(7th DOF)(PSC) Table >

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APPLICABLE ANALYSIS TYPE

< 1. Static Analysis>

<2. Eigenvalue Analysis >

• Results Tables > Vibration Mode Shape

< 3. Response Spectrum Analysis>

• Results > Nodal Result of RS

• Results Tables > Nodal Result of RS

< 4. Construction Stage Analysis >

• Results > Bridge Girder Diagram
• Results Tables > Composite Section for C.S > Beam Force > Beam Stress
• Results Tables > Construction Stage > Beam Section Properties at Last Stage

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