T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions For Economics CBSE Class 11 Commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon and Ogive - TopperLearning
T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions For Economics CBSE Class 11 Commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon and Ogive - TopperLearning
and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
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T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri- Statistics for Economics Solution for
Class 11 Commerce Economics Chapter 7 - Frequency
Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon and Ogive Page/Excercise 128
Solution SAQ 1
The given distribution can be represented with the help of a bar diagram as follows:
Bar Diagram
Solution SAQ 2
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
i. Histogram: A histogram is two dimensional diagrams.
ii. Frequency Polygon: A frequency polygon is drawn by joining the mid-points of all tops
of a histogram. Here, the points are joined by using a foot rule.
iii. Frequency Curve: Similar to frequency polygon, a frequency curve is drawn by joining
the mid-points of all tops of a histogram. But, the points are joined using a free hand.
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
Solution SAQ 3
i. Histogram:
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
ii. Frequency
Polygon: A
frequency
polygon is drawn
by joining the
mid-points of all
tops of a
histogram. Here,
the points are
joined by using a
foot rule.
Solution SAQ 4
i. Less than ogive curves: In this method, frequencies are cumulated and presented in a
graph corresponding to upper limits of the classes in a frequency distribution. Firstly, all
the data are converted into less than cumulative frequency distribution as follows-
Marks Cumulative Frequency
Less than 5 7
Less than 10 7 + 10 = 17
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
Less than 15 17 + 20 = 37
Less than 20 37 + 13 = 50
Less than 25 50 + 12 = 62
Less than 30 62 + 19 = 81
Less than 35 81 + 14 = 95
Less than 40 95 + 9 = 104
This curve is drawn by plotting cumulative frequencies against the upper limit of the class
intervals. And these points are joined to obtain the less than ogive curve.
ii. More than ogive curves: In this method, frequencies are cumulated and presented in a
graph corresponding to lower limits of the classes in a frequency distribution. Firstly, all
the data are converted into more than cumulative frequency distribution as follows-
Marks Cumulative Frequency
More than 0 104
More than 5 104 - 7 = 97
More than 10 97 - 10 = 87
More than 15 87 - 20 = 67
More than 20 67 - 13 = 54
More than 25 54 - 12 = 42
More than 30 42 - 19 = 23
More than 35 23 - 14 = 9
More than 40 9 - 9 =0
This curve is drawn by plotting cumulative frequencies against the lower limit of the class
intervals. And these points are joined to obtain more than ogive curve.
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
Solution SAQ 5
Ogive curve is a smooth curve presented by plotting the frequency data on a graph. This curve
represents the frequencies corresponding to lower limits or upper limits in the distribution of data.
Less than ogive curves: In this method, frequencies are cumulated and presented in a graph
corresponding to upper limits of the classes in a frequency distribution. Firstly, all the data are
converted into less than cumulative frequency distribution as follows-
Capital (in lakh) Cumulative Frequency
Less than 10 2
Less than20 2+3=5
Less than 30 5 + 7 = 12
Less than 40 12 + 11 = 23
Less than 50 23 + 15 = 38
Less than 60 38 + 7 = 45
Less than 70 45 + 23 = 68
This curve is drawn by plotting cumulative frequencies against the upper limit of the class intervals. And
these points are joined to obtain the less than ogive curve.
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
Solution SAQ 6
Histogram
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
Solution SAQ 7
Histogram
T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri- Statistics for Economics Solution for
Class 11 Commerce Economics Chapter 7 - Frequency
Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon and Ogive Page/Excercise 129
Solution SAQ 8
ii.
a. Frequency polygon: Presenting the frequencies in the form of rectangle and joining the
mid-points of the tops of the consecutive rectangles is known as frequency polygon. It
is an alternative to histogram which is derived from histogram itself. However,
frequency polygon can be drawn even without presenting the histogram.
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
Firstly, the mid points of the respective class intervals are calculated and presented
graphically against their respective frequencies. Here, the points are joined by using a foot rule
to obtain the frequency polygon curve.
b. Less than ogive curves: In this method, frequencies are cumulated and presented in a
graph corresponding to upper limits of the classes in a frequency distribution. Firstly, all
the data are converted into less than cumulative frequency distribution as follows-
Less than Ogive Cumulative Frequency
Less than 29 2
Less than 39 2+5=7
Less than 49 7 + 8 = 15
Less than 59 15+6=21
Less than 69 21+4=25
This curve is drawn by plotting cumulative frequencies against the upper limit of the class
intervals. And these points are joined to obtain the less than ogive curve.
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
Solution SAQ 9
Only mid-points are given to draw a histogram. So these mid-points are converted into class intervals.
Procedure
Step 1: Formula to derive the class intervals corresponding to each mid-point is
Step 2: Add and subtract 5 to each mid-point to get the following class intervals.
Mid point Class Interval Size
115 110 - 120 6
125 120 - 130 55
135 130 - 140 48
145 140 - 150 72
155 150 - 160 116
165 160 - 170 60
175 170 - 180 38
185 180 - 190 22
195 190 - 200 3
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
Solution SAQ 10
i. Frequency polygon: Frequency polygon can be drawn even without presenting the histogram. Firstly,
the mid points of the respective class intervals are calculated and presented graphically against their
respective frequencies. Here, the points are joined by using a foot rule to obtain the frequency polygon
curve.
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
ii. Ogive curve: It is a smooth curve presented by plotting cumulative frequency data on a graph. This
can be drawn by understanding the frequencies corresponding to lower limits and upper limits in the
distribution of data.
Firstly, all the data are converted into more than and less than cumulative frequency distribution as
follows-
Marks Cumulative Frequency
Less than 10 3
Less than 20 3 + 10 = 13
Less than 30 13 + 14 = 27
Less than 40 27 + 10 = 37
Less than 50 37 + 3 =40
Marks Cumulative Frequency
More than 0 40
More than 10 40 - 3 = 37
More than 20 37 + 10 = 27
More than 30 27 + 14 = 13
More than 40 13 + 10 = 3
This less than curve is drawn by plotting cumulative frequencies against the upper limit of the class
intervals. And these points are joined to obtain the less than ogive curve. And more than curve is drawn
by plotting cumulative frequencies against the lower limit of the class intervals. And these points are
joined to obtain more than ogive curve.
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
Solution SAQ 12
By plotting the mid-points of the class intervals with their respective frequencies, the mid points
are joined to draw a frequency polygon.
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
ii. Frequency polygon without using histogram
Solution SAQ 13
If the class intervals are equal but the series are inclusive, then inclusive series are converted into an
exclusive series.
Step1: Apply the formula to convert into exclusive series
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
29.5 - 34.5 3
34.5 - 39.5 5
39.5 - 44.5 12
44.5 - 49.5 18
49.5 - 54.5 14
54.5 - 59.5 6
59.5 - 64.5 2
i. Less than ogive curves: In this method, frequencies are cumulated and presented in a graph
corresponding to upper limits of the classes in a frequency distribution. Firstly, all the data are
converted into less than cumulative frequency distribution as follows-
Weight Cumulative Frequency
Less than 34.5 3
Less than 39.5 3 + 5 = 8
Less than 44.5 8 + 12 = 20
Less than 49.5 20 + 18 = 38
Less than 54.5 38 + 14 = 52
Less than 59.5 52 + 6 = 58
Less than 64.5 58 + 2 = 60
This curve is drawn by plotting cumulative frequencies against the upper limit of the class intervals. And
these points are joined to obtain the less than ogive curve.
ii. More than ogive curves: In this method, frequencies are cumulated and presented in a graph
corresponding to lower limits of the classes in a frequency distribution. Firstly, all the data are
converted into more than cumulative frequency distribution as follows-
Weight Cumulative Frequency
More than 0 60
More than 34.5 60 - 3 = 57
More than 39.5 57 - 5 = 52
More than 44.5 52 - 12 = 40
More than 49.5 40 - 18 = 22
More than 54.5 22 - 14 = 8
More than 59.5
8 - 6 =2
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
This curve is drawn by plotting cumulative frequencies against the lower limit of the class intervals. And
these points are joined to obtain more than ogive curve.
T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri- Statistics for Economics Solution for
Class 11 Commerce Economics Chapter 7 - Frequency
Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon and Ogive Page/Excercise 155
Solution SAQ 11
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3/17/2019 T.R. Jain and V.K. Ohri Solutions for Economics CBSE Class 11 commerce, Chapter 7 Frequency Diagrams, Histograms, Polygon a…
ii. The rst class interval is extended to the left side by half the size of class interval which
denotes the initial point of the frequency polygon. And the last class interval is extended
to the right side by half the size of the class interval which denotes the nal point of the
frequency polygon. This implies that the area not included at the time of joining the mid-
points is now included in the frequency polygon. Thus, the area under frequency
polygon is equal to the area under histogram.
T.R. Jain And V.K. Ohri - Statistics For Economics Class 11 Commerce Chapter
Solutions
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