Fundamentals I (Introduction in Java Programming Language)

COSC-1336
Assessment of Lesson1

Exercise 1.
What is a computer? What is a CPU? What is a memory? How a computer works?

 Computer - A computer consists of a Central Processing Unit (CPU), memory, hard disk, floppy disk/USB,
monitor, printer, and communication devices.

 CPU - The CPU is the “brain” of a computer. It retrieves instructions from memory and executes them.

 Memory - The memory stores data and program instructions to be send to CPU for execution.

 How a computer works – The computer runs through on and off switches and uses the machine language
(Binary) to communicate with the human language.

Exercise 2.
What is the monitor resolution?

 Monitor Resolution - The resolution specifies the number of pixels per square inch.
 Pixels (short for “picture elements”) are tiny dots that form an image on the screen.

Exercise 3.
What is Software Programming?

 Software Programming - are instructions to the computer. You tell a computer what to do through
programs. Computers do not understand human languages, so we need to use computer languages to
communicate with them.

Exercise 4.
What is a programming language? How many categories of programming languages exist? Give examples of high-
level languages?

 Programming language is used to tell a computer what to do through program because computers don’t
understand human languages.

 Categories – Machine, Assembly, and High-Level Languages

 Examples – COBOL, FORTRAN, BASIC, Pascal, Ada, Java, C++ Exercise 4.

Exercise 5.
What are source code, compiler, and object program?

 Source Code – A program written in a high-level language is called a source code

 Compiler – Programs called compilers are used to translate the source program into a machine language

 Object Program – Linked with other supporting library code before the object can be executed on the
machine

Exercise 6.
What are the main Java programming language characteristics?

 The answer is that Java enables users to develop and deploy applications on the Internet for servers,
desktop computers, and small hand-held devices.
  Java is a general purpose programming language.

 The future of computing is being profoundly influenced by the Internet, and Java promises to remain a big
part of that future.

 Java is the Internet programming language.

Exercise 7.
What is object-oriented programming? What are the differences between traditional programming and object-
oriented programming? Give examples to illustrate these concepts.

 Object-oriented Programming - An object is a fundamental entity in a Java program. Objects can be used
effectively to represent real-world entities
 Traditional - The conventional approach tends to consider data and behavior separate.
 Conventional approach: one large room with scanners and printers.
 OOP - The object-oriented approach considers data and behavior together in a concept called class.
 Object-oriented approach: two smaller rooms, one with scanners and the other one with printers.

Exercise 8.
What is a Java bytecode? What is the Java virtual machine?

 Java Bytecode - With Java, you write the program once, and compile the source program into a special type
of object code, known as bytecode.

 Java Virtual Machine - Software that interprets Java bytecode.

Exercise 9.
Give examples of the three types of Java comments and explain the differences between them.

 Line comment: A line comment is preceded by two slashes (//) in a line.

 Paragraph comment: A paragraph comment is enclosed between /* and */ in one or multiple lines.

 javadoc comment: javadoc comments begin with /** and end with */.

Exercise 10.
What are the benefits of using Javadoc in your Java programming?

 They can be extracted into an HTML file using JDK's javadoc command.

 Allows other users to critique your programs

Exercise 11.
What is a Java reserved word? Give examples of Java reserved words.

 Reserved words – Words that have a specific meaning to the compiler and cannot be used for other
purposes in the program.

 Ex. Public, Static, Void

Exercise 12.
What is a Java Modifier? Give examples of Java Modifier.

 Modifier - Java uses certain reserved words called modifiers that specify the properties of the data,
methods, and classes and how they can be used.
  Ex. public, static, private, final, abstract, protected

Exercise 13.
What is a Java statements? Give examples of Java statements.

 Statement – A direct instruction that tells the computer to do something.

 System.out.println("Welcome to Java!");

Exercise 14.
What is a Java class? Give examples of Java classes.

 Class – A class is a template or blueprint for objects

 Ex. Scanner, Math, util, and system

Exercise 15.
What is a Java method? Give examples of Java method.

 Method - A collection of statements that are grouped together to perform an operation.

 Ex. println(), main()