Monday, June 27.

2011

CHAPTER 9

P.P.9.1 amplitude = 30
phase = –75
angular frequency () = 4 = 12.57 rad/s
2
period (T) = = 0.5 s

1
frequency (f) = = 2 Hz
T

P.P.9.2 i1  -4 sin( t  55)  4 cos( t  55  90)

i1  4 cos(t  145) ,   377 rad/s
Compare this with
i 2  5 cos(t  65)
indicates that the phase angle between i1 and i 2 is
145 + 65 = 210

Thus, i 1 leads i 2 by 210

P.P.9.3 (a) (5 + j2)(-1 + j4) = -5 + j20 – j2 – 8 = -13 + j18

560 = 2.5 + j4.33
(5 + j2)(-1 + j4) – 560 = -15.5 + j13.67
[ (5 + j2)(-1 + j4) – 560 ]* = -15.5 – j13.67 = 20.67221.41

(b) 340 = 2.298 + j1.928

10 + j5 + 340 = 12.298 + j6.928 = 14.11529.39
–3 + j4 = 5126.87
10  j5  340 14.115 29.39
  2.823 - 97.48
- 3  j4 5126.87
2.823-97.48 = –0.3675 – j2.8
1030 = 8.66 + j5
10  j5  340
 1030  j5  8.293 + j7.2
- 3  j4

P.P.9.4 (a) v = 7 cos(2t + 40)

The phasor form is

V = 740 V

(b) Since –sin(A) = cos(A + 90),

 i = –4 sin(10t + 10) = 4 cos(10t+10 + 90)
i = 4 cos(10t + 100)
The phasor form is
I = 4100 A

P.P.9.5 (a) Since –1 = 1±180 (we can use either sign)

V = –2540 = 25(40–180) = 25–140
The sinusoid is
v(t) = 25 cos(t – 140) V or 25 cos(ωt+220˚) V

(b) I = j (12 – j5) = 5 + j12 = 1367.38

The sinusoid is
i(t) = 13 cos(t + 67.38) A

P.P.9.6 Let v(t) = –10sin(ωt–30˚) + 20cos(ωt+45˚)

= 10cos(ωt–30˚+90˚) + 20cos(ωt+45˚)
Taking the phasor of each term
V = 1060 + 2045
V = 5 + j8.66 + 14.142 + j14.142
V = 19.142 + j22.8 = 29.7749.98˚
Converting V to the time domain
v(t) = 29.77 cos(t + 49.98) V

P.P.9.7 Given that

dv
2  5v  10 v dt  50 cos(5t  30)
dt
we take the phasor of each term to get
10
2j V +5 V + V = 50-30,  = 5
j
V [j10 + 5 – j(10/5)] = V (5 + j8) = 50-30
50 - 30 50 - 30
V = 
5  j8 9.43458
V = 5.3-88
Converting V to the time domain
v(t) = 5.3 cos(5t – 88)V

P.P.9.8 For the capacitor,

V = I / (jC), where V = 1030,  = 100
I = jC V = (j100)(50x10-6)(1030)
I = 50120 mA
i(t) = 50 cos(100t + 120) mA

P.P.9.9 V s = 2030,  = 10
 Z = 4 + jL = 4 + j2

2030 2030 (4  j2)

I = Vs / Z =  = 4.4723.43
4  j2 16  4
V = jL I = j2 I = (290)(4.4723.43) = 8.94493.43

Therefore, v(t) = 8.944 sin(10t + 93.43) V

i(t) = 4.472 sin(10t + 3.43) A

P.P.9.10
Let Z 1 = impedance of the 1-mF capacitor in series with the 100- resistor
Z 2 = impedance of the 1-mF capacitor
Z 3 = impedance of the 8-H inductor in series with the 200- resistor

1 1
Z 1 = 100   100   80  j100
jC j (10)(1  10 -3 )
1 1
Z2 =   -j100
jC j (10)(1  10 -3 )
Z 3 = 200  jL  200  j (10)(8)  200  j 80

Z in = Z 1 + Z 2 || Z 3 = Z 1 + Z 2 Z 3 / (Z 2 + Z 3 )
- j100 x( 200  j80)
Z in = 100  j100 
- j100  200  j80
Z in = 100 – j100 + 49.52 – j95.04
Z in = [149.52 – j195] 

P.P.9.11 In the frequency domain,

the voltage source is V s = 20100
the 0.5-H inductor is jL = j (10)(0.5) = j5
1 1 1
the -F capacitor is   - j2
20 jC j (10)(1 20)

Let Z 1 = impedance of the 0.5-H inductor in parallel with the 10- resistor
and Z 2 = impedance of the (1/20)-F capacitor

(10)( j5)
Z 1 = 10 || j5 = = 2 + j4 and Z 2 = -j2
10  j5
V o = Z 2 / (Z 1 + Z 2 ) V s
 j2  j (5030) 50(30  90)
Vo = (5030)  
2  j4  j2 1 j 245
V o = 35.36–105
v o (t) = 35.36 cos(10t – 105) V
P.P.9.12 We need to find the equivalent impedance via a delta-to-wye
transformation as shown below.
c

Zc

n
Z an Z bn
+
4530 V

a b

5
10 
-j2 

j4 (8  j5) 4 (-5  j8)

Z an = = = 0.32 + j3.76
j4  8  j5  j3 8  j6
- j3 (8  j5) 3 (5  j8)(8  j6)
Z bn = = = -0.24 – j2.82
8  j6 100
j4 (- j3) 12 (8  j6)
Z cn = = = 0.96 – j0.72
8  j6 100

The total impedance from the source terminals is

Z = Z cn + (Z an + 5 – j2) || (Z bn + 10)
Z = Z cn + (5.32 + j1.76) || (9.76 – j2.82)
(5.32  j1.76) (9.76  j2.82)
Z = Z cn +
(5.32  j1.76)  (9.76  j2.82)
Z = 0.96 – j0.72 + 3.744 + j0.4074
Z = 4.704 – j0.3126 = 4.714-3.802

Therefore,
4530
I = V/Z =
4.714  3.802
I = 9.546 33.8 A

Let us now check this using PSpice. The solution produces the magnitude of I =
9.946E+00, and the phase angle = 33.803E+00, which agrees with the above answer.
 ACMG=45V
ACPHASE=0

P.P.9.13 To show that the circuit in Fig. (a) meets the requirement, consider the
equivalent circuit in Fig. (b).

- j10 (10  j10) - j (10  j10)

Z = -j10 || (10 – j10) = = = 2 – j6 
10  j20 1  j2

10  V1 10  10 

+ + +
+
Vi -j10  -j10  Vo V i = 60 V V1 Z = 2j6 

  

(a) (b)
 2  j6 60
V1 = (60)  (1  j )
10  2  j 6 3
- j10  - j   60 
Vo = V 1 =     (1  j ) = - j20
10  j10 1 j  3 
V o = 20–90˚

This implies that the RC circuit provides a 90 lagging phase shift.
The output voltage is = 20 V

P.P.9.14
the 1-mH inductor is jL = j ( 2 )(5  10 3 )(1  10 -3 ) = j31.42
the 2-mH inductor is jL = j (2 )(5  10 3 )( 2  10 -3 ) = j62.83

Consider the circuit shown below.

j31.42  V1 j62.83 

+ +
Vi 10  50  Vo
 

(10)(50  j62.83)
Z = 10 || (50 + j62.83) =
60  j62.83
Z = 9.205 + j0.833 = 9.2435.17

9.2435.17
V 1 = Z / (Z + j31.42) V i = (10)
9.205  j 32.253
= [(9.2435.17˚)/(33.5474.07˚)]10 = 2.756–68.9˚

50 50 (2.756 - 68.9)
Vo = V1 = = 1.7161–120.39
50  j62.83 80.29751.49

Therefore,
magnitude = 1.7161 V
phase = 120.39
phase shift is lagging
P.P.9.15 Z x = (Z 3 / Z 1 ) Z 2

Z 3 = 12 k
Z 1 = 4.8 k
Z 2 = 10 + jL = 10  j (2 )(6  10 6 ) (0.25  10 -6 ) = 10 + j9.425
12k
Zx = (10 + j9.425) = 25+ j23.5625 
4.8k

R x = 25, X x = 23.5625 = L x
X 23.5625
Lx  x   0.625 H
2f 2 (6  10 6 )
i.e. a 25- resistor in series with a 0.625-H inductor.