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Concrete Technology (LAB) : International Islamic University Islamabad

The document discusses the key components of concrete, including cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures. It describes cement as the binding material that sets and hardens, binding the fine and coarse aggregates together. Aggregates make up the bulk of the volume and weight of concrete and impart strength. Water is needed for hydration of cement and workability. Admixtures are added to modify properties like setting time, strength, and durability.

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Imtiaz Khan
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39 views

Concrete Technology (LAB) : International Islamic University Islamabad

The document discusses the key components of concrete, including cement, aggregates, water, and admixtures. It describes cement as the binding material that sets and hardens, binding the fine and coarse aggregates together. Aggregates make up the bulk of the volume and weight of concrete and impart strength. Water is needed for hydration of cement and workability. Admixtures are added to modify properties like setting time, strength, and durability.

Uploaded by

Imtiaz Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

(LAB)
MUHAMMAD IMTIAZ ASHRAF

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD


CONCRETE

Lecture # 1

By

Muhammad Imtiaz Ashraf


CONCRETE

Concrete is a composite material wherein a


binding material mixed in water, on
solidification binds the inert particles of well
graded fine and coarse aggregates
Wet or Green Concrete: Freshly prepared
concrete till it sets
Set Concrete: Concrete that has thoroughly set
and fully hardened
CONCRETE

Concrete is a composite manmade material that


consists of a mixture of ;

• binding material such as lime or cement

• well graded fine and coarse aggregates

• water

• admixtures (for special properties, etc)


CONCRETE

In a concrete mix, cement and water form a paste or


matrix which fills the voids of aggregate and binds
them together
 Coarse aggregate acts as a filler.
 Fine aggregate fills up the voids between the paste
and coarse aggregate.
 Cement in conjunction with water acts as a binder.
 Admixtures aid the mobility of the mixture by
regulating the setting environment and time.
CONCRETE CONSTITUENTS

 Cement

 Aggregates

 Water

 Admixtures
CEMENT

 Cements in general are adhesive and cohesive

materials which are capable of bonding together


particles of solid matter into compact durable mass.

 For civil engineering, cements containing


compounds of lime as chief constituent to bind the
fine and coarse aggregate particles together.
AGGREGATES

Inert materials mixed with a binding material


(cement, lime, mud) for preparation of mortar or
concrete.
Depending on the particle size, aggregates are
classified as
 Fine aggregates: size 0.15 mm to 4.75 mm, sand,
crushed stone, ash, surkhi.
 Coarse aggregates: size 4.75 mm to 7.5 cm.
MARGALLA QUARRIES
QUARRIES IN PUNJAB AND KPK

Quarry name in Quarry name in


Province Punjab Province KPK

Chiniot Takial

Margalla Khairabad

Sikhanwali
FINE AGGREGATE

 Particle size 0.15 mm to 4.75 mm


 Sand – small grains of silica from weathering,
disintegration of rocks
 Pit or quarry sand – sharp and angular grains found as
deposits in soil. Free from organic matter and clay and
is of good quality
 River sand – banks and beds of rivers. Needs washing
to get rid of clay
 Sea sand – fine rounded brown grains at sea beaches.
Contains salts so needs washing
FINE AGGREGATE

 Crushed stone – waste stone crushed to sand particle

size gives excellent fine aggregate

 Surkhi – well ground, powdered broken brick used

as fine aggregate in lime mortar.


LAWRENCEPUR SAND DEPOSITS
COARSE AGGREGATE

 Size from 4.75 mm to 7.5 mm


 Stone ballast – quarried granite, sandstone and
limestone broken and sieved to required size.
Should be free from organic matter. Stone should
not be soft, laminated. Excess clay washed off.
 Gravel or shingle – obtained from river beds,
quarries or sea shores. Hard and durable. Clay and
salts should be washed off.
COARSE AGGREGATE
COARSE AGGREGATE (PEBBLES & SHINGLES)
AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE

 In Portland cement concrete, 60-75% of volume and

79-85% of the weight is made up of aggregates.

 Aggregates have greater volume stability than

cement paste.

 Therefore, maximizing the amount of aggregate, to

a certain extent, improves the quality and economy


of the mix.
AGGREGATE PROPERTIES

 Aggregates properties are defined by characteristics

of both the individual particles and the


characteristics of the combined material.

 These properties can be described by their physical,

chemical and mechanical characteristics


WATER

• Minimum quantity of water required for hydration


of cement
• Water in excess required to act lubricant between
aggregates to produce workable and economical
concrete
• Lesser water makes it difficult to work with
concrete and non-uniform mixing makes it weaker
in strength
• Water also required for curing and aggregate
washing
ADMIXTURES

 Accelerate or retard the initial setting


 Increase the strength
 Improve workability, penetration and pumpability
 Increase durability
 Control expansion caused by reaction
 Decrease capillary flow of water to make it
impermeable
 Reduce segregation
 Inhibit corrosion, increase resistance to chemical attack
THE END

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