Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

INTRODUCTION
1.1. General:

The hydraulic bearing puller is a device which is used for removing bearing on
the shaft. In the machine the press fit operations are very complicated to align the
assembly. For this type of operations required heavy force for dissembling the bearing
from the machines. It can widely & effectively have used for removing the bearing.
Bearings are made to exacting tolerances and have very fine surface finishes. In order to
maintain the geometrical precision and the surface integrity of ball and roller bearing
raceways and rolling elements, it is mandatory that care in storage, handling be observed.
The hydraulic bearing puller perform pulling operation safely and without harming
bearing surfaces.

The hydraulic pipe bending press fits any small to medium-sized industry when
machinery for large-scale production must necessarily make way for machinery with
distinctly lower production costs. The operating procedure of hydraulic pipe bending
machine is simple when compared to other pipe bending machine (Colliers
Encyclopaedia, 1997). Tube bending as a process starts with loading a tube into a pipe
bender and clamping it into place between two dies, the clamping block and the forming
die. The tube is also loosely held by two other dies, the wiper die and the pressure die.

1.2. HYDRAULICS

This total system is based on the principle of “pascal’s law of hydraulics”. That
is "The fluid pressure in an enclosed vessel’s is uniform in all direction". Consider a
vessel having two surfaces and having area A1 and A2 respectively. Also, F1 and F2 be
the forces acting on area A1 and area A2.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

Considering surface 1 having area A1 and force F1. Therefore, Pressure acting on
surface 1 is given by,

P1 = F1 / A1 (1)

Similarly,

P2 = F2 / A2 (2)

As the pressure is same in all the direction, the smaller piston feels a smaller force
and a large piston feels a large force. Therefore, a large force can be generated with
smaller force input by using hydraulic systems.

P1 = P2

F1 / A1 = F2 / A2 (3)

Fluid does not absorb any kind of supplied energy and it is capable of moving
much higher load's and Providing much higher forces due to the incompressibility.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

1.2.1. Fluid power

Fluid power is a term which was created to include the generation, control, and
applicationof smooth, effective power of pumped or compressed fluids (either liquids or
gases) when this power is used to provide force and motionto mechanisms. This force
and motion maybe in the form of pushing, pulling, rotating, regulating, or driving. Fluid
power includes hydraulics, which involves liquids, and pneumatics, which involves
gases. Liquids and gases are similar in many respects. The differences are pointed out in
theappropriate areas of this manual. This manual presents many of the fundamental
concepts in the fields of hydraulics and pneumatics. It is intended as a basic reference for
all personnel of the Navy whose duties and responsibilities require them to have
a knowledgeof the fundamentals of fluid power.

Consequently, emphasis is placed primarilyon the theory of operation of typical

fluid power systems and components that have applications in naval equipment. Many
applications of fluid power are presented in this manual to illustrate the functions and
operation of different systems and components. However, these are only
representative of the many applications of fluid power in naval equipment. Individual
training manuals for each rate provide information concerning the application of fluid
power to specific equipment for which the rating is responsible.

1.2.2. Forces in liquids

The study of liquids is divided into two main parts: liquids at rest (hydrostatics)
and liquids in motion (hydraulics). The effects of liquids at rest can often be
expressed by simple is removed, the water immediately returns to its original volume.
Other liquids behave in formulas. The effects of liquids in motion are more
difficult to express due to frictional and other factors whose actions cannot be
expressed by simple mathematics. Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of
their containing vessel. There are two additional characteristics we must
explore prior to proceeding. Liquids are almost incompressible. For example, if a
pressure of 100 pounds per square inch (psi) is applied to a given volume of water that is
at atmospheric pressure, the volume will decrease by only 0.03 percent. It would take

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

aforce of approximately 32 tons to reduce its volume by 10 percent; however,

when this force about the same manner as water. Another characteristic of a liquid is
thetendency to keep its free surface level. If the surface is not level, liquids will
flow in the direction which will tend to make the surface level.

1.2.3. Transmission of forces through liquids

When the end of a solid bar is struck, the main force of the blow is carried straight
through the bar to the other end (fig. 2-4, view A). This happens because the bar is rigid.
The direction of the blow almost entirely determines the direction of the
transmitted force.

Fig. 2: Transmission of forces through liquids

The more rigid the bar, the less force is lost inside the bar ortransmitted outward
at right angles to thedirection of the blow. When a force is applied to the end of a column
of confined liquid (fig. 2-4, view B), it istransmitted straight through to the other end and
also equally and undiminished in every direction throughout the column—forward,

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

backward, and sideways—so that the containing vessel is literally filled with pressure. An
example of this distribution of force isillustrated in figure 2-5. The flat hose takes on a
circular cross section when it is filled with water under pressure. The outward push of
the wateris equal in every direction.

Fig. 3:Distribution of force

1.2.4. Liquids at Rest

In studying fluids at rest, we are concerned with the transmission of force andthe
factors which affect the forces in liquids. Additionally, pressure in and on liquids
and factors affecting pressure are of great importance.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

1.2.5. Properties

If fluidity (the physical property of a substance that enables it to flow) and

incompressibility were the only properties required, any liquid not too thick might be
used in a hydraulic system. However, a satisfactory liquid for a particular system must
possess a number of other properties. The most important properties and some
characteristics are discussed in the following paragraphs.

1.2.6. Viscosity

Viscosity i one of the most important properties of hydraulic fluids. It is a

measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. A liquid such as gasoline, which flows easily
has a low viscosity; and a liquid, such as tar, which flows slowly has a high viscosity.
The viscosity of a liquid is affected by changes in temperature and pressure. As
the temperature of a liquid increases, its viscosity decreases. That is, a liquid
flows more easily when it is hot than when it is cold. The viscosity of a liquid
increases as the pressure on the liquid increases. A satisfactory liquid for a hydraulic
system must be thick enough to give a good seal at pumps, motors, valves, and so
on. These components depend on close fits for creating and maintaining pressure.
Any internal leakage through these clearances results in loss of pressure, instantaneous
control, and pump efficiency .Leakage losses are greater with thinner liquids(low
viscosity). A liquid that is too thin will also allow rapid wearing of moving parts, or of
parts that operate under heavy loads. On the other hand, if the liquid is too thick
(viscosity too high),the internal friction of the liquid will cause an increase in the
liquid’s flow resistance through clearances of closely fitted parts, lines, and internal
passages. This results in pressure drops throughout the system, sluggish operation of
the equipment, and an increase in power consumption.

1.2.7. Measurement of Viscosity

Viscosity is normally determined by measuringthe time required fora fixed

volume of a fluid (at a given temperature) to flow through acalibrated orifice or capillary
tube. The instruments used to measure the viscosity of a liquidare known as viscometers

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

or viscometers. Several types of viscometers are in use today. The Saybolt viscometer,
shown in figure 3-1, measures the time required, in seconds, for 60milliliters of the
tested fluid at 100°F to pass through a standard orifice. The time measured is used to
express the fluid’s viscosity, in Say bolt universal seconds or Say boltfurl seconds.
The glass capillary viscometers,shown in figure 3-2, are examples of the second
type of viscometer used. These viscometers are used measure kinematic viscosity.
Like the Say bolt viscometer, the glass capillary measures the time in seconds required
for the tested fluid to flow through the capillary. This time is multiplied by the
temperature constant of the viscometer in use to provide the viscosity, expressed in
centistokes. The following formulas may be used to convert centistokes (cSt
units) to approximate Say bolt universal seconds (SUS units).

1.2.8. Chemical stability

Chemical stability is another property which is exceedingly important in the

selection of a hydraulic liquid. It is defined as the liquid’s ability to resist oxidation
and deterioration for long periods. All liquids tend to undergo un favourable changes
under severe operating conditions. This is the case, for example, when a system operates
for a considerable period of time at high temperatures. Excessive temperatures,
especially extremely high temperatures, have a great effect on the life of a liquid. The
temperature of the liquid in the reservoir of an operating hydraulic system does not
always indicate the operating conditions throughout the system. Localized hot spots
occur on bearings, gear teeth, or at other points where the liquid under pressure is forced
through small orifices. Continuous passage of the liquid through these points may
produce local temperatures high enough to carbonize the liquid or turn it into
sludge, yet the liquid in the reservoir may not indicate an excessively high
temperature. Liquids may break down if exposed to air, water, salt, or other
impurities, especially if they are in constant motion or subjected to heat. Some metals,
such as zinc, lead, brass, and copper, have undesirable chemical reactions with
certain liquids. These chemical reactions result in the formation of sludge, gums,
carbon, or other deposits which clog openings, cause valves and pistons to stick or leak,
and give poor lubrication to moving parts.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

1.2.9. Freedom from acidity

An ideal hydraulic liquid should be free from acids which cause corrosion of the
metals in the system. Most liquids cannot be expected to remain completely
noncorrosive under severe operating conditions. The degree of acidity of a liquid, when
new, may be satisfactory; but after use, the liquid may tend to become corrosive as it
begins to deteriorate.

Certain corrosion and rust-preventive additives are added to hydraulic liquids.

Some of these additives are effective only for a limited period. Therefore, the best
procedure is to use the liquid specified for the system for the time specified by the
system manufacturer and to protect the liquid and the system as much as possible
from contamination by foreign matter, from abnormal temperatures, and from misuse.

1.2.10. Flash point

Flashpoint is the temperature at which a liquid gives off vapour in sufficient

quantity to ignite momentarily or flash when a flame is applied. A high flashpoint is
desirable for hydraulic liquids because it provides good resistance to combustion and
a low degree of evaporation at normal temperatures. Required flashpoint
minimums vary from 300°F for the lightest oils to 510°F for the heaviest oils.

1.2.11. Fire point

Fire point is the temperature at which a substance gives off vapour in

sufficient quantity to ignite and continue to burn when exposed to a spark or flame.
Like flashpoint, a high fire point is required of desirable hydraulic liquids.

1.2.12. Minimumtoxicity

Toxicity is defined as the quality, state, or degree of being toxic or poisonous.

Some liquids contain chemicals that are a serious toxic hazard. These toxic or poisonous
chemicals may enter the body through inhalation, by absorption through the skin, or
through the eyes or the mouth. The result is sickness and, in some cases, death.
Manufacturers of hydraulic liquids strive to produce suitable liquids that contain no

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

toxic chemicals and, as a result, most hydraulic liquids are free of harmful chemicals.
Some fire-resistant liquids are toxic, and suitable protection and care in handling must
be provided.

1.2.13. Density and Compressibility

A fluid with a specific gravity of less than 1.0is desired when weight is critical,
although with proper system design, a fluid with a specific gravity greater than one
can be tolerated. Where avoidance of detection by military units is desired, a fluid
which sinks rather than rises to the surface of the water is desirable. Fluids having a
specific gravity greater than 1.0 are desired, as leaking fluid will sink, allowing the
vessel with the leak to remain undetected. That under extreme pressure a fluid may
be compressed up to 7 percent of its original volume. Highly compressible fluids
produce sluggish system operation. This does not present a serious problem in small,
low-speed operations, but it must be considered in the operating instructions.

1.2.14. Cleanliness

Cleanliness in hydraulic systems has received considerable attention recently.

Some hydraulic systems, such as aerospace hydraulic systems, are extremely
sensitive to contamination. Fluid cleanliness is of primary importance because
contaminants can cause component malfunction, prevent proper valve seating, cause
wear in components, and may increase the response time of servo valves. Fluid
contaminants are discussed later. The inside of a hydraulic system can only be kept as
clean as the fluid added to it. Initial fluid cleanliness can be achieved by observing
stringent cleanliness requirements ( or by filtering all fluid added to the system.

1.2.15. Types of hydraulic fluids

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

Hydraulic
Fluids

Petrolium Synthetic fire water based

Based resistant fire-resistant

Fig. 4:Types
4 of hydraulic fluids
There have been many liquids tested for use in hydraulic systems. Currently,
liquids being used include mineral oil, water, phosphate ester, water
water-based ethylene
glycol compounds, and silicone fluids. The three most common types of hydraulic
liquids are petroleum-based,
based, synthetic fire-resistant,
fi and water-based
based fire
fire-resistant.

1.2.15.Petroleum-based
based fluids
fluid

The most common hydraulic fluids used in shipboard systems are the
petroleum-based
based oils. These fluids contain additives to protect the
the fluid from oxidation
(antioxidant), to
o protect system metals from corrosion (anticorrosion), to reduce
tendency of the fluid to foam (foam suppressant),and to improve
improve viscosity. Petroleum
Petroleum-
based fluids are used in surface ships’ electro hydraulic steering and deck
machinery
y systems, submarines’ hydraulic systems, and aircraft automatic pilots,
shock absorbers, brakes, control mechanisms, and other hydraulic systems using seal
materials compatible with petroleum-based
petroleum fluids.

1.2.15.2.Synthetic Fire-resistant
resistant fluids

Petroleum-based
based oils contain most of the desired properties of a hydraulic
liquid. However, they are flammable under normal conditions and can become
explosive when subjected to high pressures and a source of flame or high ttemperatures.
Non flammable synthetic liquids have been developed for use in hydraulic systems where
fire hazards exist.

1.2.15.3.Water-based Fire-resistant
Fire fluids

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cal Engineering, SIETK, Puttur Page | 10
 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

The most widely used water-based hydraulic fluids may be classified as water-
glycol mixtures and water-synthetic base mixtures. The water-glycol mixture contains
additives to protect it from oxidation, corrosion, and biological growth and to enhance
its load-carrying capacity. There-fore, frequent checks to maintain the correct ratio
of water are important. The water-based fluid used in catapult retracting
engines, jet blast deflectors, and weapons elevators and handling systems
conforms to MIL-H22072.The safety precautions outlined for phosphate ester fluid
and the disposal of phosphate ester fluid also apply to water-based fluid conforming to
MIL-H-22072.

1.3. Concept of the project

The main concept of the project is to combine the bearing puller & pipe bending
in a single machine. It includes only one hydraulic jack. By using that hydraulic jack we
can perform the two operations that are pull the bearing frim the shaft & bend the pipe
according to the die angle. Now a day both the operations are done in separately with
separate hydraulic jack. In this project, we are combining these two operations in a single
machine with single hydraulic jack. The main advantage of this machine was to do the
both operations that are pulling & bending operations in a single machine. It is portable.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. General:

The hydraulic bearing puller is a device which is used for removing bearing on
the shaft. In the machine the press fit operations are very complicated to align the
assembly. For this type of operations required heavy force for dissembling the bearing
from the machines. It can widely & effectively used for removing the bearing. Bearings
are made to exacting tolerances and have very fine surface finishes. In order to maintain
the geometrical precision and the surface integrity of ball and roller bearing raceways and
rolling elements, it is mandatory that care in storage, handling be observed. The hydraulic
bearing puller perform pulling operation safely and without harming bearing surfaces.

The hydraulic pipe bending press fits any small to medium-sized industry when
machinery for large-scale production must necessarily make way for machinery with
distinctly lower production costs. The operating procedure of hydraulic pipe bending
machine is simple when compared to other pipe bending machine (Colliers
Encyclopaedia, 1997). Tube bending as a process starts with loading a tube into a pipe
bender and clamping it into place between two dies, the clamping block and the forming
die. The tube is also loosely held by two other dies, the wiper die and the pressure die.

2.2. Concept review

A.V. Vanalkar et.al1 In this paper machine the press fit operations are very complicated
to align the assembly. For this type of operations required heavy force for assembly &
dissembling the bearing from the machines. It can widely & effectively used for
removing the bearing. Bearings aremade to exacting tolerances and have very fine
surface finishes. In order to maintain the geometrical precision and the surface integrity
of ball and roller bearing raceways and rolling elements, it is mandatory that care in
storage, handling and installation be observed. The hydraulic bearing puller and pusher
perform both pulling and pushing operation safely and without harming bearing surfaces.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

Mohan Krishna S. A. et.al2 in this paper he tell how to bend the pipes, rods and bars
by using hydraulics. The pipe or rod to be bent is supported between the holders and jack
is actuated on pipe. It exerts force on the pipe and bends it to the angle depending on
the dies used. Actuation of hydraulic jack is simple and easy to maintain. In
industries, they use presses and load appliers to bending applications Hence it is
better to replace conventional machines by hydraulic pipe bending machine.

R.V.CHAUDHARY et.al3 The utility model discloses a full-automatic pipe bending

machine. Whole machine is supported by a base with four supporting legs which has
enough strength to carry the weight and force of machine. Two parallel shaft are clamped
on base by clamps which carry the lower pulley. Pulley are driven by dc motor with chain
drive mechanism. Pulley gets that motion from Lead screw is working as a nut and bolt
mechanism. The lead screw is get rotary motion from upper dc motor. Guide way and
lead screw are fitted between two horizontal supporting plate, which are fitted on frame
by the help of the two vertical parallel supporting plate

Nilesh Nirwan et.al4 has found a PORTABLE ROLLING PIPE BENDING MACHINE
is used for reliability, easy convey and good quality purpose. But there is some
difficulties like not used for mass production and slow process due to hand operated
device. In this machine he can use the pullies as the dies for pipe bending.

A. Pandiyan et.al5 has found a ZIGZAG PIPE BENDING MACHINE is used for
making zigzag profile pipe. It is operated by hydraulic bottle jack. This bending machine
is only used for zigzag profile so, not used for other bending operations. In this machine
we can use the hydraulic jack has bolted arrangement is not there. This only used for
zigzag bending of the pipe. It is not used for the bending of the correct angles.

Sachin throat et.al6 found a hydraulic operated bearing puller. It is a device which is to
remove the bearing from the shaft by using the puller set up from supporting device. In
this machines the press fit the operations are very complicated to align the assembly. It
can widely be used. It is easy to fit on the bearing and removing. This can be effectively
used removing the bearings.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

M. Huae et.al7 developed in this paper, an analytical model of to study the mechanics of
continuous plate edge bending mode of the four roll bending process. Solving governing
differential equation for the large deflections of an elastoplastic thin plate with an
arbitrary strain hardening on the material.

Mohanraj G T et.al8 found a “hydraulic operated bearing puller” is a device which

provides easy removal of bearing from shaft with less human efforts by using the puller
arrangement and supporting device. The hydraulic bearing puller based on hydraulic
system which is working on the principle of Pascal’s law which states that
“Pressure distribution in enclosed cylinder is uniform in all directionTraditional
method of bearing removal is hammering but unnecessary hammering causes several
problems. The unsafe and excessive hammering cause’s damage to bearing surface or
sometimes chance to failure and excessive human effort is required. In order to remove
installed bearing safely, some modifications has made in traditional method. The purpose
of modifications is to reduce human efforts, simplicity in operation and removing
of bearing without damaging the bearing surface.

N.Saravanan et.al9 is found the machine is to bend the rod at the specified
dimensions which is used in the building construction which called as Stirrups.
Stirrup is an important reinforced element which acts as a shear reinforcement.
Presently, stirrups are made manually, which suffers from many drawbacks like lack of
accuracy, low productivity and resulting intosevere fatigue in the operator. In manual
stirrup making process, operators not only subjecting their hands to hours of repetitive
motion, but in many occasions it results into several musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).
The project is designed based on the principle of Hydraulic system. The hydraulic
load has more power compare to the other type of loads like pneumatic and electric. By
using heavy loads we can increase the productivity of the product. The manual stirrup
making process suffers from the many draw backs

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

MACHINE& PARTS
3.1. Hydraulic bearing puller:

Fig. 5:Hydraulic bearing puller

The hydraulic bearing puller is a device which is used for removing bearing on
the shaft. In the machine the press fit operations are very complicated to align the
assembly. For this type of operations required heavy force for dissembling the bearing
from the machines. It can widely & effectively used for removing the bearing. Bearings
are made to exacting tolerances and have very fine surface finishes. In order to maintain
the geometrical precision and the surface integrity of ball and roller bearing raceways and

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

rolling elements, it is mandatory that care in storage, handling and installation be

observed. The hydraulic bearing puller and pusher perform pulling operation safely and
without harming bearing surfaces.

3.2. Components in Hydraulic bearing puller:

i. Hydraulic jack
ii. Jaws
iii. Handle

3.2.1. Hydraulic jack:

Fig.6: Hydraulic jack

Hydraulic Jack is perhaps one of the best examples of fluid power system. It plays
very important role in automobile industries to facillate servicing and repair. It may be
portable device. By operating handle of small device and individual can lift load of
several tons. Hydraulic jack works on the principle of Pascal's. Hydraulic Jack consists of
Cylinder, Plunger, and Handle, Oil reservoir, Pressure release and relief valve.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

When the handle is operated, the plunger reciprocates then the oil from the
reservoir is sucked into the plunger cylinder during upward stroke of the plunger through
the suction valve. The oil in the plunger cylinder is delivered into the ram cylinder during
the downward stroke of the plunger through the delivery valve. This pressurized oil lifts
the load up, which is placed on top plate of the ram. After the work is completed the
pressure in the ram cylinder is released by unscrewing the lowering screw thus the
pressure releases and the ram is lowered, then the oil is rushed into the reservoir.

3.2.2. Jaws:

Fig.7: Jaws
The metal which is used for gripping the bearing or the part which is to be pulled.
That means these are used to improv grip on part being pulled.The jaws of the main
clamps unique adjustable design. Only two screws, the thimble jaws, a variety of auto
models that the rapid clamping firm to improve work efficiency.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

3.2.3. Handle:

Fig.8: Handle
The handle will only the tool which operates the hydraulic jack. it provides for
compact storage of the unit in the included tough plastic carrying case.

3.3. Hydraulic pipe bender:

Fig.9: Hydraulic pipe bender

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

The hydraulic bending press is one of the most flexible machines in the market,
allowing the fabricator or ironworker to shear, punch, bend, scroll, and press thousands of
different parts. When considering industrial machinery, the hydraulic bending press is
the perfect machine shop tool for the met fabricator. The hydraulic pipe bending
press fits any small to medium-sized industry when machinery for large-scale
production must necessarily make way for machinery with distinctly lower
production costs. The operating procedure of hydraulic pipe bending machine is simple
when compared to other pipe bending machine (Colliers Encyclopaedia, 1997).Tube
bending as a process starts with loading a tube into pipe bender and clamping it
into placebetween two dies, the clamping block and the forming die. The tube is also
loosely held by two other dies, the wiper die and the pressure die.

3.4. Components in hydraulic pipe bender:

i. Hydrogen jack
ii. Handle
iii. Angular dies

3.4.1. Hydraulic jack:

Fig.10: Hydraulic jack without bolted arrangement

It is a short stroke hydraulic lift which is fed from hand pump. The hydraulic jack
may be portable. This is extensively used for lifting automobiles usually to facilitate and
repair. And for replacing the punctured wheels. The hydraulic jack is perhaps one of the
simplest forms of a fluid power system. By moving the handle of a small device, an

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

individual can lift a load weighing several tons. A small initial force exerted on the
handle is transmitted by a fluid to a much larger area. The operation of hydraulic jack
depends on ―Pascal‘s lawǁ. This states that when a fluid is at rest in a closed vessel and
if a certain pressure is applied at any point the pressure will be transmitted equally in all
directions.

When the handle is operated, the plunger reciprocates then the oil from the
reservoir is sucked into the plunger cylinder during upward stroke of the plunger through
the suction valve. The oil in the plunger cylinder is delivered into the ram cylinder during
the downward stroke of the plunger through the delivery valve. This pressurized oil lifts
the load up, which is placed on top plate of the ram. After the work is
completed the pressure in the ram cylinder is released by unscrewing the lowering screw
thus the pressure releases and the ram is lowered, then the oil is rushed into the reservoir.
It consists of plunger cylinder on one side and ram cylinder on the other side. These
two cylinders are mounted on base which is made of mild steel. Plunger cylinder
consists of plunger which is used to build up the pressure by operating the handle.
Plunger cylinder consists of two non-return valves i.e. one for suction and other for
delivery. Ram cylinder consists of ram which lifts the load. The ram cylinder connectedto
delivery valve of plunger cylinder. It is also consists of lowering screw this is nothing
but a hand operated valve used for releasing the pressure in the ram cylinder for get down
the load.

3.4.2. Handle:

Fig.11: Handle
The handle will only the tool which operates the hydraulic jack. it provides for
compact storage of the unit in the included tough plastic carrying case.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

DESIGN
4.1. Introduction:

Now a days some operations are very difficult to operate like removal of bearing
from the shaft & pipe bending. It is very difficult to remove the bearing in traditional
method. Traditional method of bearing removal is hammering, but unnecessary action of
hammering some problems are arrive. The unsafe and excessive hammering cause’s
damage of bearing surface or sometimes chance to failure and excessive human
effort required. In order to remove the bearing we make some modifications in
traditional method. That modification is easy to removing the bearing with less human
effort. Based on these problems we make a design for removing of bearing from the
shaft. The bearing pullers are already available in market. So, we will make some
modification in it. That is we will add a one extra operation to it. That is pipe bending.

These all operations are done by hydraulics. The term hydraulics plays a key role
in now a days. Because of by using hydraulic we can get more output with less input.
That mean with less effort of human we will get more output. In this project these two
operations are done by using hydraulics only. The principle used in this is “pascal’s law
of hydraulics” states that the motion of fluid in closed vessel is uniform in all directions.

4.2. Design of hydraulic bearing puller with pipe bending:

4.2.1. Design consideration:

Load capacity of hydraulic jack (W)= 5ton (50kN)
Operating Pressure (p) = 25.5 MPa
Stroke (L) = 5 cm
Man effort put on handle (e) = 20Kg
Permissible tensile stress of mild steel (6t) = 120 N/mm2
No. of stroke for lifting load (n) = 150
Factor of safety = 5
Permissible shear stress of mild steel (τ) = 20 N/mm2

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

Permissible comp. stress of mild steel (6c) = 20 N/mm2

Permissible comp. stress of cast iron (6c) = 120 N/mm2
Permissible shear stress of cast iron (τ) = 35 N/mm2

Dimensions of handle which operates the hydraulic jack

Length of a handle (l) = 380mm

Internal diameter of handle (d1) = 19mm
External diameter of handle (d2) = 22mm

4.2.2. Design of bearing puller:

Puller plates dimension (l x b x t) = 150 mm x 45 mm x 4mm

Diameter of hole to the bearing shaft (D) = 24mm
Internal diameter of a bushing (di) = 15.2mm
External diameter of a bushing (do) = 18mm
Length of a bushing (l) = 28mm
Diameter of rods which passes through bushings (d) = 15mm
Side of a square rods (s) = 20mm
Length of a square rods (L) = 153mm

4.2.3. Design of pipe bender:

Length of pulley = 48mm

Internal diameter of the roller = 30mm
External diameter of the roller = 40mm
Thickness of a roller= 5mm
U shaped die with an angle = 800

Design:

Diameter of thread rods = 15mm

Diameter of circular plate = 220mm
Height of circular plate = 8mm
Diameter of a centre hole on a plate = 56mm

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

Thickness of a hexagonal nut = 3mm

Internal diameter of a hexagonal nut = 15mm
External diameter of hexagonal nut = 18mm
Height of a hexagonal nut = 10mm
Height of the threaded rods = 330mm

Components which are used for making the hydraulic machine with bearing puller & pipe
bending are:

Threaded rods
Hexagonal nuts
Square blocks
Square rods
Hydraulic jack
Pulleys
Bearing plates
Bushings
Circular rods without threading
Circular plate

Quantity of the components:

Hydraulic jack – 1
Circular plate – 1
Threaded rods – 4
Pulleys – 2
Bearing plates – 2
Bushings – 4
Circular rods without threading – 2
Square blocks – 4
Square rods – 2
Hexagonal nuts – 24
Washers – 24

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

Fig
Fig.12:Three-dimensional model

Fig 13: Two-dimensional model

Fig.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

Fig.14 Top view and Side view

Fig.14:

Fig.15:Front view

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

4.3. Components:
4.3.1. Hydraulic jack:

Fig. 16:Hydraulic jack

Hydraulic Jack is perhaps one of the best examples of fluid power system. It plays
very important role in automobile industries to facillate servicing and repair. It may be
portable device. By operating handle of small device and individual can lift load of
several tons. Hydraulic jack works on the principle of Pascal's. Hydraulic Jack consists of
Cylinder, Plunger, and Handle, Oil reservoir, Pressure release and relief valve.

When the handle is operated, the plunger reciprocates then the oil from the
reservoir is sucked into the plunger cylinder during upward stroke of the plunger through
the suction valve. The oil in the plunger cylinder is delivered into the ram cylinder during
the downward stroke of the plunger through the delivery valve. This pressurized oil lifts
the load up, which is placed on top plate of the ram. After the work is completed the
pressure in the ram cylinder is released by unscrewing the lowering screw thus the
pressure releases and the ram is lowered, then the oil is rushed into the reservoir.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

4.3.2. Circular plate:

Fig.17:Circular plate
Circular plate is used for the supporting of the hydraulic jack during the operations of
bearing pulling and pipe bending. We make a hole on the circular plate and attached the nut
which suitable for the external thread of the hydraulic jack. Then we made the welding
operation for the nut and circular plate. The material which is used for the circular plate is
cast iron. The properties of the cast iron are:

 It is strong in compression but weak in tension.

 The tensile and compressive strength of cast iron of average quality is 150N/mm2&
60N/mm2.
 It does not rust easily.
 It placed in salt water, it becomes soft.
 Low melting point.
 Good fluidity.
 It is hard but it is brittle also.
 It is not ductile hence it cannot be adopted to shocks and impacts.
 Its melting temperature is about 12500C
 It shrinks on cooling.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

4.3.3. Threaded rods:

Fig. 18:Threaded rods

The whole set up which is supported on these threaded rods. These rods are made
with the cast iron. Cast iron is made when pig iron is re melted in small cupola furnaces
(similar to the blast furnace in design and operation) and poured in to the molds to make
castings. Cast iron is generally defined as an alloy of cast iron with greater than 2 percent
carbon and usually with more than 0.1 percent silicon. The properties of the cast iron are:

 It is hard but it is brittle also.

 It is not ductile hence it can not be adopted to shocks and impacts.
 Its melting temperature is about 12500C
 It shrinks on cooling.
 It is strong in compression but weak in tension.
 The tensile and compressive strength of cast iron of average quality is 150N/mm2&
60N/mm2.
 It does not rust easily.
 It placed in salt water, it becomes soft.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

4.3.4. Pulleys:

Fig. 19:Pulleys

In this project the pulley is used to bend a pipe in angular shape.Pulley

Pulley is a cylinder
that rotates about a central axis and is used in various machines and d
devices
evices to move, flatten
or spread something. A pulley always consist a bearing. The material of these pulleys are cast
iron. Cast iron is made when pig iron is re melted in small cupola furnaces (similar to the
blast furnace in design and operation) and poured in to the molds to make castings. Cast iron
is generally defined as an alloy of cast iron with greater than 2 percent carbon and usually
with more than 0.1 percent silicon. The properties of the cast iron are:

 It is strong in compression but weak in tension.

 The tensile and compressive strength of cast iron of average quality is 150N/mm2&
60N/mm2.
 It does not rust easily.
 It placed in salt water, it becomes soft.
 Low melting point.
 Good fluidity.
 It is hard but it is brittle also.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

 It is not ductile hence it can not be adopted to shocks and impacts.

 Its melting temperature is about 12500C
 It shrinks on cooling.

4.3.5. Bearing plates:

Fig.20:Bearing plates
The plates which can hold the bearing shaft. The material of these plates are cast
iron. Cast iron is made when pig iron is re melted in small cupola furnaces (similar to the
blast furnace in design and operation) and poured in to the molds to make castings. Cast iron
is generally defined as an alloy of cast iron with greater than 2 percent ccarbon
arbon and usually
with more than 0.1 percent silicon. The properties of the cast iron are:

 Its melting temperature is about 12500C

 It shrinks on cooling.
 It is strong in compression but weak in tension.
 The tensile and compressive strength of cast iron of average quality is 150N/mm2&
60N/mm2.
 It placed in salt water, it becomes soft.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

 It is not ductile hence it can not be adopted to shocks and impacts.

 It is hard but it is brittle also.
 It does not rust easily.

4.3.6. Bushings:

Fig. 21:Bushings
These are used to support the bearing plates on the rods. The circular rods are
inserted in a bushings. Welding is done in between the bushings and bearing plates. Then the
bearing plates are supported by this bushings on the rods. The material is used for bushings
is cast iron. Cast iron is made when pig iron is re melted in small cupola furnaces (similar to
the blast furnace in design and operation) and poured in to the molds to make castings. Cast
iron is generally defined as an alloy of cast iron with greater than 2 percent carbon and
usually with more than 0.1 percent silicon. The properties of the cast iron are:

 Its melting temperature is about 12500C

 It shrinks on cooling.
 It is strong in compression but weak in tension.
 It is not ductile hence it can not be adopted to shocks and impacts.
 It is hard but it is brittle also.
 It does not rust easily.
 It placed in salt water, it becomes soft.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

4.3.7. Circular rods:

Fig. 22: Circular rods

The bearing plates are supported with the circular rods. The material which is used
for the circular rods are cast iron. Because of it is strong in compression and weak in tension.
. Cast iron is made when pig iron is re melted in small cupola furnaces (similar to the blast
furnace in design and operation) and poured in to the molds to make castings. Cast iron is
generally defined as an alloy of cast iron with greater than 2 percent carbon and usually with
more than 0.1 percent silicon. The properties of the cast iron are:

 It is not ductile hence it cannot be adopted to shocks and impacts.

 It is hard but it is brittle also.
 It does not rust easily.
 It placed in salt water, it becomes soft.
 Its melting temperature is about 12500C
 It shrinks on cooling.
 It is strong in compression but weak in tension.
 The tensile and compressive strength of cast iron of average quality is 150N/mm2&
60N/mm2.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

4.3.8. Square blocks:

Fig.23:Square blocks
The square blocks which supports the pulleys. It has two holes on the two sides of
the square block. For this square blocks the cast iron material is used.Because of it is strong
in compression and weak in tension. . Cast iron is made when pig iron is re melted in small
cupola furnaces (similar to the blast furnace in design and operation) and poured in to the
molds to make castings. Cast iron is generally defined as an alloy of cast iron with greater
than 2 percent carbon and usually with more than 0.1 percent silicon. The properties of the
cast iron are:

 It is hard but it is brittle also.

 It is not ductile hence it cannot be adopted to shocks and impacts.
 Its melting temperature is about 12500C
 It shrinks on cooling.
 It is strong in compression but weak in tension.
 The tensile and compressive strength of cast iron of average quality is 150N/mm2&
60N/mm2.
 It does not rust easily.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

 It placed in salt water, it becomes soft.

4.3.9. Square rods:

Fig. 24: Square rods

Square rods which can gives the support to all the setup of this machine that is
hydraulic machine with pulling & bending operation. For this material, also we can use the
cast iron only.Because of it is strong in compression and weak in tension. Cast iron is made
when pig iron is re melted in small cupola furnaces (similar to the blast furnace in design and
operation) and poured in to the molds to make castings. Cast iron is generally defined as an
alloy of cast iron with greater than 2 percent carbon and usually with more than 0.1 percent
silicon. The properties of the cast iron are:

 It shrinks on cooling.
 It is strong in compression but weak in tension.
 The tensile and compressive strength of cast iron of average in 150N/mm2& 60N/mm2.
 It does not rust easily.
 It placed in salt water, it becomes soft.
 It is hard but it is brittle also.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

 It is not ductile hence it cannot be adopted to shocks and impacts.

 Its melting temperature is about 12500C

4.3.10. Hexagonal nuts:

Fig.25:Hexagonal nuts
The nuts which are used to hold or fix the whole setup. That means when we want to
fix the circular plate or pulley set or bearing plate set by this hexagonal nuts. For this also the
cast iron is used. Cast iron is made when pig iron is re melted in small cupola furnaces
(similar to the blast furnace in design and operation) and poured in to the molds to make
castings. Cast iron is generally defined as an alloy of cast iron with greater than 2 percent
carbon and usually with more than 0.1 percent silicon. The properties of the cast iron are:

 It shrinks on cooling.
 It is strong in compression but weak in tension.
 The tensile and compressive strength of cast iron of average quality is 150 N/mm2&
60N/mm2.
 It does not rust easily.
 It placed in salt water, it becomes soft.
 It is hard but it is brittle also.
 It is not ductile hence it cannot be adopted to shocks and impacts.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

PROCEDURE
5.1. Arrangement of the components:

5.1.1. Bearing plates arrangement:

Fig. 26:Bearing plates arrangement

First we can take the circular rods without threading then we can perform the
turning operation at both ends of the two rods with the length of 30mm at both ends. We
can remove the material about the thickness of 2.5mm. Then insert that rods in to the
bushings. One rod in two bushings and another rod in another two bushings. Then place
the bearing plate on two bushings which is locate on the each rod. Another bearing plate

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

is place on another two bushings which are locate on the each rod. Then we will perform
the welding operation in between the bushings and plates.

5.1.2. Pipe bending arrangement:

Fig. 27:Pipe bending arrangement

Take two rollers ,place the bearings to both sides of the two rollers. After that take
four square blocks with two holes on any two sides. Then by using small shaft we can fit
the rollers the rollers in between the square blocks. One roller in between the two square
blocks and another in between another two square blocks. We can fit these by using
hexagonal nuts. These rollers are fit above the bearing pulling plates.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

5.1.3. Total frame:

Fig.28:Total frame
First we can take the circular rods without threading then we can perform the
turning operation at both ends of the two rods with the length of 30mm at both ends. We
can remove the material about the thickness of 2.5mm. Then insert that rods in to the
bushings. One rod in two bushings and another rod in another two bushings. Then place
the bearing plate on two bushings which is locate on the each rod. Another bearing plate
is place on another two bushings which are locate on the each rod. Then we will perform

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

the welding operation in between the bushings and plates. Then take the this bearing
plates set and attached to it square rods after performing the drilling operation. Then we
insert that set in to the square rods and perform welding operation on it. After completing
the operations we will make a hole on the square rods. Because of we will insert the
threaded rods in it.

Holes are made by drilling operation. After performing this operation we will
insert the threaded rods in to the square rods and fitted with hexagonal nuts. Take two
rollers ,place the bearings to both sides of the two rollers. After that take four square
blocks with two holes on any two sides. Then by using small shaft we can fit the rollers
the rollers in between the square blocks. One roller in between the two square blocks and
another in between another two square blocks. We can fit these by using hexagonal nuts.
These rollers are fit above the bearing pulling plates. After fitting these we place a
circular plate at the top.

Then we take a circular plate and make a hole on it. Because we pass the
hydraulic jack from that hole. We can attach a die with internal threading that was made
according to the external threading on the hydraulic jack. Then attach the die to the
circular plate by using welding operation. Then fit the circular plate on the threaded rods
by using hexagonal nuts. The above is the arrangement of the “Hydraulic machine with
pulling & bending operations”.

5.2. Working:

This machine work on the principle of Pascal’s law of hydraulics. In this machine
we can do both the operations pull the bearing as well as bending the pipe.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

5.2.1. Removal of bearing from the shaft:

Fig. 29:Removal of bearing

At first bearing pulling operation. First we can fix the bearing in between the
bearing plates. After that we place the hydraulic jack at the top of the set up. Then we can
rotate the hydraulic jack until the pointer of the hydraulic jack is touched to the bearing
shaft. After touching the bearing shaft we will operate the hydraulic jack by using handle.
The hydraulic jack is operated by up and down motion of the handle. The handle will
place at the top of the hydraulic jack. Then we can operate the hydraulic
ic jack by pushing
and pulling the handle. By apply this operation one small shaft is coming out from the
hydraulic jack. The shaft which is coming out from the hydraulic jack is pushes the
bearing shaft. The shaft is come out from the bearing after the application
application of force on it
by hydraulic jack. Because the bearing is fitted with bearing plates and more force is
applied on it with less effort. By applying the hydraulics we can generate more output
with less effort. The above is the bearing pulling operation.
operat

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

5.2.2. Pipe bending:

Fig. 30: Pipe bending

Pass a pipe in between the two rollers. Then adjust the hydraulic jack up to the
some level. Then we attach a U shaped die with an angle of 80 degrees. Then again
operate the hydraulic jack by using the pushing and pulling the handle. Then slowly the
shaft is come out from the hydraulic jack and the load on the pipe then it will bent
according to the angle
ngle of the die which we used.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

5.3. Advantages, disadvantages & applications

5.3.1. Advantages of hydraulic machine with pulling and bending operations:

 We can perform two operations on a single machine.

 This machine can generate and transmit large tons of force.
 Power to weight ratio is higher in hydraulic system.
 It does not damage the surface of the bearing and shaft.
 Capital cost and maintenance costs are low.
 It can easily transfer from one place to another place.
 These operations are safe operations.
 In hydraulics, we can generate more power with less effort.
 The construction of the machine is very simple.
 We can easily assemble and disassemble the components in machine.
 We can easily operate and handle this machine.
 There is no power source for this machine.
 To increase the accuracy of the product.
 It can reduce the effort of man.
 By using this machine, we can reduce consumption of time.
 This machine can produce the uneven shaped pipes and products.
 It can remove the bearing from the shaft safely without damaging the bearing surface
and shaft.

5.3.2. Dis advantages of hydraulic machine with pulling and bending

operations:

 We cannot use this machine for operations are required higher force than the
hydraulic jack.
 Chances of leakage is high.
 Special treatments required from corrosion, dirt etc.:
 Ageing and chemical deterioration ,cause chances of disintegration.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

5.3.3. Applications of the hydraulic machine with pulling and bending

operations:

 The application of this machine is in both the fields of which the hydraulic bearing
puller & hydraulic pipe bending machine.
 Material handling field-for shipping and maintenance departments.
 Construction field-earth moving operations & construction of buildings.
 Automobile industries use them for assembling and transferring body parts.
 Naval industry-uses them for cargo handling.
 Other prominent industries like agriculture, aviation and aerospace industries use
these pullers.
 Building construction (Windows, Trusses, Interior decoration)
 Furniture’s (Beds, Hospital equipment’s, Wheel chairs)
 Automotive (Exhaust, Seat frames, Stabilizers)
 Chemical Plant- Petrochemical Plants.
 Dismantling transmission parts, such as bearings, couplings, bushes, gear wheels, etc.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

CALCULATIONS
Sample calculations:

Operating pressure of hydraulic jack is

Pressure P = Force (F)/Area (A)

P = F/A

The total force excreted by hydraulic jack is 5tons.

we know that 1ton = 10KN

1KN = 1000N

Therefore 10KN = 10 x 1000N

= 10,000N

Then 5tons = 50KN

= 50*1000N

= 50,000N

The force of hydraulic jack in newtons (F) = 50,000N

Diameter of the cylinder of the hydraulic jack (d) = 50mm

Area of the cylinder of hydraulic jack is (A) = (π x d2)/4

= (π x 502)/4

= 1963.495mm2

Pressure (P) = F/A

P = F/A

= 50,000/1963.495

= 25.5 N/mm2

“The operating pressure of the hydraulic jack (P) = 25.465 N/mm2”

Pressure excreted on the bearing in the pulling operation is

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

P = F/A

Here area (A) = sum of the cross-section area of the cylinder in the hydraulic jack (A1) &
cross section area of the pushing die on the bearing (A2)

The cylinder area (A1) = 1963.495

The area of the pusher die (A2) = (π x d22)/4

The diameter of the pusher die (d2) = 10mm

A2 = (π x 102)/4

= 78.539 mm2

A = A1+A2

= 1963.495+78.539

= 2042.034 mm2

Pressure on the bearing is P = F/A

= F/( A1+A2)

= 50,000/2042.034

= 24.485 N/mm2

Therefore, pressure excreted on the bearing by hydraulic jack in pulling operation

P = 24.4 N/mm2

Pressure excreted on the pipe during bending operation.

Here also we the same formula to find the pressure.

P =F/A

Here also area (A) = A1+A2

Area A1 = cylinder area

Area A2 = area of the angular die

Area of the angular die (A2) = r x β

Here β is the angle of the die = 800

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

The above angle is in degrees (0) but we convert that in to radians by multiplying that to
π/180

Radians = (80 x π)/180

= 1.396 rad

Angle β = 1.396 rad

And ‘r’ is the radius of the bend = 50mm

A2 = 50 x 1.396

= 69.81 mm2

Area (A) = A1+A2

= 1963.495+69.81

= 2033.305 mm2

Pressure P = F/A

= 50000/2033.305

= 24.6 N/mm2

Therefore the pressure excreted on the pipe from the hydraulic jack in bending
operation is P = 24.6 N/mm2

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

CONCLUSION

In order to remove bearing safely, to make modification in traditional

method. The modification made in easy removing bearing. The purposes of
modification are Simplicity of operation, removing and installation of bearing done
without damaging bearing surface, compact, portable, well suited, low cost,
Multifunctional ,safe ,versatile an d individual can lift a load weighing several ton.This
work has provided an excellent opportunity and experience, to use limited
knowledge.

The work is a good solution to bridge the gates between institution and
industries. The work is completed the work with the limited time successfully.
Before concluding a point to note is that the particular pipe bending and bearing
pulling operations which we have designed for multiple operation. To facilitate the
above, there is a provisioning the frame to change the table if necessary. Thus if we want
to perform any press operations using die and punch, than arable having a
provision to hold a die can be used and corresponding punch can be fixed to the ram
end.

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 Design and fabrication of hydraulic machine with Pulling and Bending operations

References:
1. A.V. VanalkarDesign and Fabrication of Hydraulic Bearing Puller and PusherIJIRST –
International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Vol 1 | Issue 11 |
April 2015ISSN (online): 2349-6010.
2. Mohan Krishna S. A.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF
APORTABLE HYDRAULIC PIPE BENDINGMACHINEInternational Journal of
Development ResearchISSN: 2230-9926Vol. 4, Issue, 12, pp. 2681-2684, December,
2014.
3. Prof R.V. CHAUDHARYDESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PIPE BENDING
MACHINEISSN : 2249-5770.
4. Prof. Nilesh Nirwanand Prof. A.K. Mahalle, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
G.H. Raisoni college of engineering Nagpur has found a PORTABLE ROLLING PIPE
BENDING MACHINEIn april,2013.
5. Prof. A. PandiyanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Of Saveetha School of
engineering Chennai has found a ZIGZAG PIPE BENDING MACHINEIn Nov, 2015.
6. Sachin throatdesign of a hydraulic operated bearing puller International Journal of
innovation in Engineering and Technology,Vol.2 Issue 2 April 2013 ISSN:2319-1058.
7. M. Huaeto study thecontinuous plate edge bending mode of the four roll bending
process1997. Serope, Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials, Addision
Wesley, USA, Edition 3.
8. Mohanraj G Thydraulic operated bearing pullerInternational Journal for Innovative
Research in Science & Technology| Volume 2 | Issue 11 | April 2015ISSN (online):
2349-6010.
9. N. SaravananDesign and Fabrication of Hydraulic Rod Bending MachineInternational
Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology An I SO 3297 :
2007 Certified Organization, Vol.3 , Special Issue 2 , April 2014 Second National
Conference on Trends in Automotive Part s Systems and Application s( TAPSA- 2 0 1 4
) On March.

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