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Lect - 4

The document summarizes the Indus Plain region of Pakistan, which covers 200,000 square miles and makes up 25% of the country's total area. The plain is divided into three major regions: the Trans Indus Plain, Upper Indus Plain, and Lower Indus Plain. The Upper Indus Plain contains several interfluves or "doabs" between the Indus River and its major tributaries, including the Bari, Rechna, Chaj, and Sindh Sagar doabs. The Lower Indus Plain consists of the arid Kachhi-Sibbi Plain, the central alluvial valley of the Indus River, and the Indus River delta near the Arabian

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155 views

Lect - 4

The document summarizes the Indus Plain region of Pakistan, which covers 200,000 square miles and makes up 25% of the country's total area. The plain is divided into three major regions: the Trans Indus Plain, Upper Indus Plain, and Lower Indus Plain. The Upper Indus Plain contains several interfluves or "doabs" between the Indus River and its major tributaries, including the Bari, Rechna, Chaj, and Sindh Sagar doabs. The Lower Indus Plain consists of the arid Kachhi-Sibbi Plain, the central alluvial valley of the Indus River, and the Indus River delta near the Arabian

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baig
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THE INDUS PLAIN

The Indus Plain which covers an area about 200000 sq. miles is the most
prosperous agricultural region of Pakistan. This vast plain is extends from the
foothills of Himalaya to the Arabian Sea. This plain has gentle slope from North-
East to South-West. This plain region covers the 25 percent of the total area of the
country. Its fertile alluvial soils watered by Indus and its tributaries. The Indus
plain has been divided into following three major regions.

a- THE TRANS INDUS PLAIN


b- THE UPPER INDUS PLAIN
c- THE LOWER INDUS PLAIN

1- THE TRANS INDUS PLAIN

The Trans Indus Plains, west of the Indus comprises the hill girt plateaus of the
vale of Peshawer, Kohat, and Bannu which are oasis in the arid scrub covered
landscape of the KPK. Of these the vale of Peshawer is the most fertile. The area
of this vale is 2500 sq. miles. The river Kabul irrigates this valley and then
emerged in the Indus River near Noshera. The rain fall is generally between 10 to
15 inches annual. 70 percent of area is irrigated by canals.

The Kohat valley is bordered by rugged hills. Kohat valley is comparatively little
developed. Rainfall is about 15 inches. Only 12 percent of the total area is
irrigated. Much of the area is comprised of scrub and poor grazing land.

The Bannu Plain is extending over 0.47 million hectares and is surrounded by
hills except in the south east. The river Kurram and river Tochi provides water for
irrigation. About 23 percent of net sown area is canal irrigated. Rainfall is low
amounting 11 inches annual.

2- THE UPPER INDUS PLAIN

The upper Indus plain is the land of major tributaries of Indus River- Jhelum,
Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej- that divides the land surface into several interfluves or
doabs. The upper Indus plain starts from the foothills of the Himalayas and Potwar
plateau and terminates near Mithankot. The plain has divided into different Doabs.
Doab is a highland area between two rivers.

A- Bari Doab:

The interfluve between the Ravi and the old course of the Beas River is named as
Ganji Bar, while highland between the old course of Beas and Sutlej river is known
as Nili Bar. Bari Doab is consists of Lahore, Kasure, Okara, Pakpattan, Vehari,
Multan and Lodhran districts. The Nili bar is occupied the Sahiwal and some parts
of Okara districts. Soil of these areas is much fertile and alkaline. Wheat, cotton,
sugarcane, maize and many other crops are cultivated in this region.

B- Rechna Doab.

Rechna doab is located between Ravi and Chenab rivers. The northern and central
parts of this doab has no higher lands. Only southern part named Sandal Bar is the
actual bar area. It covers the districts of Sialkot, Narowal, Gujranwala, Hafizabad,
Jhang, Faisalabad and Toba Tek Singh. Rice, sugarcane, wheat, maize and other
crops have been cultivated in this area.

C- The Chaj Doab

The Chaj doab is situated between Jhelum and Chenab rivers. Its central high bar
area is named Kirana bar above which rise low bedrock hills as the Kirana Hills.
Gujrat, Sargodha, North western part of Jhang districts are located in this doab.

D- Sindh Sagar Doab

It is located in the south of the Salt range between the Indus and Jhelum. District
Khushab, Mianwali, Bhakkar, Leiah and Muzaffargarh. More than 80 percent of
the area is gently undulating sand plain with variable sizes of sand dunes.

3- THE LOWER INDUS PLAIN

Mithankot to Arabian Sea----

In the southern zone of Indus lies the province of Sindh. The lower Indus plain is
very flat, sloping to south with an average gradient of only one meter in 1o
kilometers, excluding the deltaic area.
The Lower Sindh Plain can be divided into three zones.

1- The Kachhi- Sibbi Palin

On the western side of the River Indus lies the barren desolate area of Kachhi-
Sibbi plain. It is bounded by Marri-Bughti Ranges and Kalat Range. Heat and
aridity are the main characters of this area.

2- The Central Alluvial Plain

The central plain constitutes the valley of Indus River. This area gradually
slopes downward from north to south. The Lower Indus Plain has been formed
by the changing course of single Indus River, and deposits are of comparatively
recent region. Another important feature of this plain is depressions and lakes,
among them Mnchhar, a marshy lake in the west. It is a largest fresh water lake
in South Asia.

3- The Indus Delta

Indus River spreads out to form the deltaic plain from some distance northeast
of Thatta. The coastal belt is subjected to regular tidal flooding from twice a
day to fortnightly.

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