Chapter 1

Introduction to Physics
–1
1. a) Linear momentum : mv = [MLT ]
1 0 0 –1
b) Frequency : = [M L T ]
T
Force [MLT 2 ] –1 –2
c) Pressure :  = [ML T ]
Area [L2 ]
0 0 –1
2. a) Angular speed  = /t = [M L T ]
 M0L0 T 2
b) Angular acceleration  =   [M0L0T–2]
t T
–2 2 –2
c) Torque  = F r = [MLT ] [L] = [ML T ]
2 2 2 0
d) Moment of inertia = Mr = [M] [L ] = [ML T ]
2
MLT
3. a) Electric field E = F/q =  [MLT 3I1 ]
[IT ]
F MLT 2
b) Magnetic field B =   [MT  2I1 ]
qv [IT ][LT 1 ]
B  2a MT 2I1 ]  [L]
c) Magnetic permeability 0 =   [MLT 2I2 ]
I [I]
4. a) Electric dipole moment P = qI = [IT] × [L] = [LTI]
2 2
b) Magnetic dipole moment M = IA = [I] [L ] [L I]
5. E = h where E = energy and  = frequency.
E [ML2 T 2 ]
h=  1
[ML2 T 1 ]
 [T ]
Q [ML2 T 2 ]
6. a) Specific heat capacity = C =   [L2 T 2K 1 ]
mT [M][K ]
L  L2 [L]
b) Coefficient of linear expansion =  = 1   [K 1 ]
L 0 T [L ][R]
PV [ML1T 2 ][L3 ]
c) Gas constant = R =   [ML2 T 2K 1(mol) 1 ] 
nT [(mol )][K ]
7. Taking force, length and time as fundamental quantity
m ( force/acce leration) [F / LT 2 ] F
a) Density =   2
 4 2  [FL 4 T 2 ]
V Volume [L ] LT
2 –2
b) Pressure = F/A = F/L = [FL ]
–2 –1
c) Momentum = mv (Force / acceleration) × Velocity = [F / LT ] × [LT ] = [FT]
1 Force
d) Energy = mv 2   ( velocity )2
2 accelerati on
 F   F 
=  2   [LT 1 ]2    2   [L2 T  2 ]  [FL]
 LT   LT ] 
metre 5 2
8. g = 10 2
= 36  10 cm/min
sec
9. The average speed of a snail is 0.02 mile/hr
0.02  1.6  1000 –1
Converting to S.I. units, m/sec [1 mile = 1.6 km = 1600 m] = 0.0089 ms
3600
The average speed of leopard = 70 miles/hr
70  1.6  1000
In SI units = 70 miles/hour = = 31 m/s
3600

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 Chapter 1

Chapter 1
3 –2
10. Height h = 75 cm, Density of mercury = 13600 kg/m , g = 9.8 ms then
4 2
Pressure = hfg = 10  10 N/m (approximately)
5 2
In C.G.S. Units, P = 10 × 10 dyne/cm
11. In S.I. unit 100 watt = 100 Joule/sec
9
In C.G.S. Unit = 10 erg/sec
4 –4
12. 1 micro century = 10 × 100 years = 10  365  24  60 min

om
5
So, 100 min = 10 / 52560 = 1.9 microcentury
13. Surface tension of water = 72 dyne/cm
In S.I. Unit, 72 dyne/cm = 0.072 N/m
a b
14. K = kI  where k = Kinetic energy of rotating body and k = dimensionless constant

t.c
Dimensions of left side are,
2 –2
K = [ML T ]
Dimensions of right side are,
a 2 a b –1 b
I = [ML ] ,  = [T ]

po
According to principle of homogeneity of dimension,
2 –2 2 –2 –1 b
[ML T ] = [ML T ] [T ]
Equating the dimension of both sides,

gs
2 = 2a and –2 = –b  a = 1 and b = 2
a b
15. Let energy E  M C where M = Mass, C = speed of light
a b
 E = KM C (K = proportionality constant)
lo
Dimension of left side

2 –2
.b
E = [ML T ]
Dimension of right side
a a b –1 b
M = [M] , [C] = [LT ]
du

2 –2 a –1 b
[ML T ] = [M] [LT ]
 a = 1; b = 2
2
So, the relation is E = KMC
2 –3 –2
16. Dimensional formulae of R = [ML T I ]
ni

2 3 –1
Dimensional formulae of V = [ML T I ]
Dimensional formulae of I = [I]
2 3 –1 2 –3 –2
[ML T I ] = [ML T I ] [I]
re

 V = IR
a b c
17. Frequency f = KL F M M = Mass/unit length, L = length, F = tension (force)
–1
Dimension of f = [T ]
to

Dimension of right side,

a a b –2 b c –1 c
L = [L ], F = [MLT ] , M = [ML ]
–1 a –2 b –1 c
[T ] = K[L] [MLT ] [ML ]

M L T = KM L …(1)
0 0 –1 b+c a+b–c –2b
T
–c + a + b = 0 …(2)
Equating the dimensions of both sides,
–2b
 b=+ –1
c=0 …(3)
Solving the equations we get,
a = –1, b = 1/2 and c = –1/2
–1 1/2 –1/2 K 1/ 2 1/ 2 K F
 So, frequency f = KL F M = F M  
L L M
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HCV SOLUTIONS BY TORENIDU
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 Chapter 1
2SCos
18. a) h =
rg
LHS = [L]
MLT 2
Surface tension = S = F/I =  [MT 2 ]
L
–3 0
Density =  = M/V = [ML T ]
–2
Radius = r = [L], g = [LT ]
2Scos  [MT 2 ]
RHS =   [M0L1T0 ]  [L] 
rg [ML T ][L][LT 2 ]
3 0

LHS = RHS
So, the relation is correct
p
b) v = where v = velocity

–1
LHS = Dimension of v = [LT ]
–1 –2
Dimension of p = F/A = [ML T ]
–3
Dimension of  = m/V = [ML ]

p [ML1T 2 ]
RHS =   [L2T 2 ]1/ 2 = [LT 1 ]
 [ML3 ]
So, the relation is correct.
4
c) V = (pr t) / (8l)
3
LHS = Dimension of V = [L ]
–1 –2 4 4
Dimension of p = [ML T ], r = [L ], t = [T]
–1 –1
Coefficient of viscosity = [ML T ]
pr 4 t [ML1T 2 ][L4 ][T]
RHS = 
8 l [ML1T 1 ][L]
So, the relation is correct.
1
d) v = (mgl / I)
2
–1
LHS = dimension of v = [T ]

[M][LT 2 ][L] –1
RHS = (mgl / I) = 2
= [T ]
[ML ]
LHS = RHS
So, the relation is correct.
dx L
 
0
19. Dimension of the left side =  = [L ]
2 2 2 2
(a  x ) (L  L )

1 1 a  –1
Dimension of the right side = sin   = [L ]
a x
dx 1 1 a 
So, the dimension of
 2
(a  x ) 2
≠
a
sin  
x

So, the equation is dimensionally incorrect.

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 Chapter 1
20. Important Dimensions and Units :
Physical quantity Dimension SI unit
[M1L1T 2 ]
Force (F) newton
1 2 2
[M L T ]
Work (W) joule
1 2 3
[M L T ]
Power (P) watt
1 3 2
[M L T ] 2 2
Gravitational constant (G) N-m /kg
[T 1]

om
Angular velocity () radian/s
1 2 1
[M L T ] 2
Angular momentum (L) kg-m /s
[M1L2 ] 2
Moment of inertia (I) kg-m
1 2 2
[M L T ]
Torque () N-m

t.c
[M1L1T 2 ] 2
Young’s modulus (Y) N/m
[M1T 2 ]
Surface Tension (S) N/m

po
[M1L1T 1] 2
Coefficient of viscosity () N-s/m
[M1L1T 2 ] 2
Pressure (p) N/m (Pascal)
[M1T 3 ] 2
gs
Intensity of wave (I)

Specific heat capacity (c)

[L2T 2K 1]
watt/m

J/kg-K
1 3 4
[M T K ] 2 4
Stefan’s constant () watt/m -k
lo
[M1L1T 3K 1]
Thermal conductivity (k) watt/m-K
1 2
[I L ]
.b

2
Current density (j) ampere/m
[I2T3M1L3 ] –1 –1
Electrical conductivity ()  m 
[L1I1T1]
du

Electric dipole moment (p) C-m

1 1 1 3
[M L I T ]
Electric field (E) V/m
1 2 1 3
[M L I T ]
Electrical potential (V) volt
ni

1 3 1 3
[M T I L ]
Electric flux () volt/m
2 4 1 2
[I T M L ]
Capacitance (C) farad (F)
re

2 4 1 3
[I T M L ] 2 2
Permittivity () C /N-m
1 1 2 3
[M L I T ] 2
Permeability () Newton/A
to

[I1L2 ]
Magnetic dipole moment (M) N-m/T
[M1L2I1T 2 ]
Magnetic flux () Weber (Wb)
1 1 2
[M I T ]
Magnetic field (B) tesla
1 2 2 2
[M L I T ]
Inductance (L) henry
1 2 2 3
[M L I T ]
Resistance (R) ohm ()

****
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HCV SOLUTIONS BY TORENIDU
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