Introduction to Data Logging Systems

computer interface systems. A data logger is a self-

contained unit, that does not require a host to operate. It
can be installed in almost any location, and left to
operate unattended. Data loggers have a distinct
advantage over conventional interface devices, in that
they operate in this stand-alone mode, and yet have the
capability to “dump” or transfer the data to a host
system, if required. Most data loggers have the ability to
work similarly to standard recorders, in that they provide
the user with a hard copy printout of the data recorded.
This data can be immediately analyzed for trends, or
stored for historical archive purposes.
Data loggers can also monitor for alarm conditions, while
recording a minimum number of samples, for economy.
If the recording is of a stead-state nature, without rapid
changes, the user may go through rolls of paper, without
seeing a single change in the input. A data logger can
record at very long intervals, saving paper, and can note
when an alarm condition is occurring. When this
happens, the event will be recorded and any outputs will
be activated, even if the event occurs in between sample
times. A record of all significant conditions and events is
generated using a minimum of recording hardcopy.

What are the advantages of using a data logger for

collecting my data?
A data logger is an attractive alternative to either a
recorder or data acquisition system in many applications.
When compared to a recorder, data loggers have the
ability to accept a greater number of input channels, with
better resolution and accuracy. Also, data loggers
usually have some form of on-board intelligence, which
provides the user with diverse capabilities. For example,
raw data can be analyzed to give flow rates, differential
temperatures, and other interpreted data that otherwise
would require manual analysis by the operator.
The major difference between a data logger and a
recorder, however, is the way the data itself is stored,
analyzed and recorded. A common recorder accepts an
input, and compares it to a full scale value. The pen arm
is then deflected across the recording width, to produce
the appropriate ratio of the actual input to the full scale
input. For example, using a recorder with a
1 Volt full scale, an input of 0.5 Volts would move the
pen 0.5/1 or 50% of the distance across the recording
width. In comparison, a data logger accepts an input
which is fed into an analog-to-digital converter prior to
analysis and storage. This method has advantages in
accuracy and resolution, while only a recorder can
provide a truly continuous trend recording.
Data loggers can also offer advantages over dedicated,

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What are the different types of data loggers, and how do
they operate?
The differences between various data loggers is based
on the way that data is recorded and stored. The basic
difference between the two data logger types is that one
type allows the data to be stored in a memory, to be
retrieved at a later time, while the other type
automatically records the data on paper, for immediate
viewing and analysis. Many data loggers combine these
two functions, usually unequally, with the emphasis on
either the ability to transfer the data or to provide a
printout of it.

How can networking be used for extensive acquisition

requirements?
For users who must acquire data over many locations,
and wish to have a single collection/recording point,
networking is a truly viable solution. With a network, E
one central location is responsible for data storage
and recording; data is collected by remote units in
various locations, and then fed to this “master” unit
for storage/recording. This is a great convenience,
in that an operator can retrieve the data from one
location, rather than having to go to each individual
site for collection.

The advantages of the local hard copy data loggers are

that 1, the operator has a permanent recording on
paper, 2, no other external or peripheral equipment is
required for operation, and 3, many data loggers of this
type also have the ability to record data trends,
in addition to simple digital data recording.
In comparison, units with internal data storage tend to
be more compact, due to the fact that no paper and
recording equipment are required, and because they
are much simpler electronically and mechanically.
Data storage units are usually more economical.
These units can also be operated in a stand-alone
mode, with the ability to feed or download data to a
host computer system.

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