Gas Compressors

§9-1.The Types of gas compressors

There are two general types compressors
 Reciprocating compressor
For high pressures and low-volume flow
rates..
 Rotative compressor
For lower pressures and high-volume flow
rates.
§9-1.The Types of gas compressors

Air compressor
§9-1.The Types of gas compressors

Reciprocating compressor
§9-1.The Types of gas compressors

Motor
Compressor

Refrigerator compressor
§9-1.The Types of gas compressors

Compressor

Motor

Refrigerator compressor
§9-1.The Types of gas compressors

Centrifugal rotative compressor

§9-1.The Types of gas compressors

Centrifugal rotative compressor

§9-1.The Types of gas compressors

Axis flow rotative compressor

§9-2. The principle of reciprocating compressors
1.The principle
p
P2 2

P1
1

H2 V

Wc
H1
Q≈?
 §9-2. The principle of reciprocating
compressors
1.The principle

p T
P2 2 T 2n 2s 2s

2n

2T
P1 P2
1 1
P1
v s
 §9-2. The principle of reciprocating
compressors
1.The principle

Notice that there will be a difference between the work

necessary to compress the gas from states 1 to state
2 and the total work of process.
Wcs>Wcn>WcT
 §9-2. The principle of reciprocating
compressors
2.The work of compressor
 Adiabatic compressor
 k −1

 p2 
Rg T1   − 1

k k k
wc , s = h2 − h1 = ( p2 v2 − p1v1 ) =
k −1 k −1  p1  
 
 §9-2. The principle of reciprocating
compressors
2.The work of compressor
 Isothermal compressor

v2 p2
wc ,T = − Rg T1 ln = Rg T1 ln
v1 p1
 §9-2. The principle of reciprocating
compressors
2.The work of compressor
 Polytropic compressor

 n −1

 p2 
Rg T1   − 1

n n n
wc ,n = ( p2 v2 − p1v1 ) =
n −1 n −1  p1  
 
 §9-2. The principle of reciprocating
compressors
2.The work of compressor

wc , s > wc ,n > wc ,T
T2, s > T2,n > T2,T
v2, s > v2,n > v2,T
 §9-3. Effect of clearance
1.Clearance
p
P2 2
3
g

P1
1
f
4

H2 V

Wc
H1
 §9-3. Effect of clearance
1.Clearance
p

3 P2 2
g

P1
1
f
4

H2 V

Wc
H1
 §9-3. Effect of clearance
2.The work of compressor
 Polytropic compressor

 n −1
  n −1

  p2    p3 
p4V4   − 1

n n n n
= p1V1   − 1 −
n −1  p1   n −1  p4  
   
 n −1

 p2 
p1 (V1 − V4 )   − 1

n n
=
n −1  p1  
 
 §9-3. Effect of clearance
2.The work of compressor
 Polytropic compressor

 n −1

n   p2  n

wc ,n = p1V   −1
n −1  p1  
 
n −1
n
= mRg T1 (π n
− 1)
n −1
 §9-4. Multilevel compress with intercoolers
1.System
Cooling water

Intercooler
3’ 2’ 2 1

High pressure gas

Low pressure gas

2nd-stage 1st-stage
compression compression
§9-4. Multilevel compress with intercoolers
2.Diagram

p
P 2 3T 3 ’
g 3

Pm 2
f 2’

P1
1
e

V
§9-4. Multilevel compress with intercoolers
3.The work of compressor

wc = wc ,l + wc ,h
n  n −1
p2 n  n  p
n −1

= Rg T1 ( ) − 1 + Rg T2' ( ) − 1
3 n
n −1  p1  n −1  p2 
n  n −1
p2 n
n −1
p3 n 
= Rg T1 ( ) + ( ) − 2
n −1  p1 p2 
§9-4. Multilevel compress with intercoolers
3.The work of compressor

p2 = pm = p1 p3

p2 p3
= =π
p1 p2

p2 p3 pm pm +1
= = .......... = = =π
p1 p2 pm −1 pm
§9-4. Multilevel compress with intercoolers
3.The work of compressor

n −1
n
wc = m Rg T1 (π n
− 1)
n −1