ZXCTN System Routine

Maintenance
Training Manual

Publishing Date (MONTH/DATE/YEAR) : 2013–01–15

This page is intentionally blank.
Contents

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance ............................ 1

1 Safety Instructions.................................................... 2
1.1 Safety Notes ......................................................................... 2
1.2 Safety Signs ......................................................................... 2
1.3 Safety Precautions ................................................................. 3
2 Maintenance Overview .............................................. 5
2.1 Maintenance Classification ...................................................... 5
2.2 Requirements for Tools and Instruments ................................... 5
2.3 Equipment Room Maintenance Rules .......................................12
2.3.1 Work Rules ..................................................................12
2.3.2 Shift Handover Rules ....................................................12
2.4 Maintenance Precautions ......................................................13
2.4.1 Lightning Protection Precautions.....................................13
2.4.2 Optical Interface Maintenance Precautions .......................14
2.4.3 Board Maintenance Precautions ......................................14
2.4.4 Equipment Maintenance Precautions ...............................15
2.4.5 EMS Maintenance Precautions ........................................15
2.5 Basic Maintenance Operations ................................................16
2.5.1 Board Replacement ......................................................17
2.5.2 Plugging/Unplugging of Fiber Pigtail ................................19
2.5.3 Interface Loopback .......................................................20
2.5.4 Optical Power Test ........................................................23
2.5.5 Making Network Cable ..................................................25
2.5.6 Bit Error Test ...............................................................26
2.5.7 Alarm Insertion ............................................................28
2.5.8 Alarm Preload Configuration ..........................................29
2.5.9 Protection Configuration ................................................30
2.5.10 Configuration and Query of Protection Switching .............31
2.5.11 Board Reset ...............................................................32
2.5.12 NE Time Management .................................................33
3 Routine Maintenance ............................................... 35
3.1 Routine Maintenance Items ....................................................35
 3.2 Environment Maintenance......................................................36
3.2.1 Requirements for Running Environment...........................36
3.2.2 Requirements for Grounding .........................................37
3.2.3 Net Height of Equipment Room ......................................38
3.2.4 Wall Surface of Equipment Room ....................................38
3.2.5 Lighting in Equipment Room ..........................................38
3.2.6 Troughs and Holes in Equipment Room ............................38
3.2.7 Equipment Power Supply ...............................................39
3.2.8 AC Power Supply ..........................................................39
3.2.9 Air-Conditioning System................................................39
3.2.10 Fire Protection Facilities ...............................................40
3.2.11 Maintenance Space .....................................................40
3.3 Equipment Maintenance Operations ........................................40
3.3.1 Audio Alarm Check .......................................................40
3.3.2 Cabinet Indicator Observation ........................................41
3.3.3 Board Indicator Observation ..........................................41
3.3.4 Mouseproof Bag Check ..................................................42
3.3.5 Grounding Check..........................................................42
3.3.6 Service Inspection–Bit Error Test ....................................42
3.4 Routine EMS Maintenance ......................................................43
3.4.1 User Management ........................................................43
3.4.2 EMS Connection ..........................................................45
3.4.3 Topology Map Monitoring ...............................................45
3.4.4 Alarm Monitoring..........................................................47
3.4.5 Performance Monitoring ................................................47
3.4.6 Database Management..................................................48
3.4.7 Security Logs Query .....................................................49
3.4.8 Report Printing.............................................................50
3.4.9 Data Backup ................................................................51
3.4.10 Data Restoration ........................................................53
3.4.11 Routine Maintenance Operation in PTN Network ..............55
Glossary ..................................................................... 61
ZXCTN System Routine
Maintenance
After you have completed this course, you

will be able to:

>> Master Maintenance Methods and
Tools
>> Master Maintenance Requirements and
Regulation
>> Master System Maintenance Opera-
tions

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 1

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

Chapter 1 Safety Instructions

After you have completed this chapter, you will know:
>> Safety Notes
>> Safety Signs
>> Safety Precautions

1.1 Safety Notes

In order to operate the equipment in a proper way, follow these
instructions:
� During the operation and maintenance of the equipment, all
the local safety rules and operation regulations must be strictly
abided by, so as to avoid body injuries or equipment damages.
� Safety precautions introduced in this manual are supplemen-
tary to the local safety rules and operation regulations.

Warning:
ZTE bears no responsibility for body injuries or equipment dam-
ages caused by violations of the safety operation requirements.

1.2 Safety Signs

Table 1 shows the safety signs used in this manual, which serve
to remind the readers of the safety precautions to be taken when
the equipment is installed, operated and maintained.

TABLE 1 SAFETY SIGNS AND DESCRIPTIONS

Safety Sign Meaning

Beware of hazard

Electrostatic

Electric Shock

2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 1 Safety Instructions

There are four types of safety signs: danger, warning, caution,

and note. The statement of a safety level is on the right of the
safety sign, the detailed description of the safety content is below
the symbol, and the format is shown as follows:

� Danger:
Indicates an imminently hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, will result in death or serious injury. This signal word
should be limited to only extreme situations.

� Warning:
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

� Caution:
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in serious injury. It may also be used to
alert against unsafe practices.

� Note:
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. It may also
be used to alert against unsafe practices.

1.3 Safety Precautions

Local safety instructions should be read carefully before any oper-
ation on the equipment to avoid body injuries or equipment dam-
ages. The safety precautions introduced in this manual are only
supplementary to the local safety specifications.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 3

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

This page is intentionally blank.

4 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview
After you have completed this chapter, you will know:
>> Maintenance Classification
>> Requirements for Tools and Instruments
>> Equipment Room Maintenance Rules
>> Maintenance Precautions
>> Basic Maintenance Operations

2.1 Maintenance Classification

The equipment maintenance is classified into routine maintenance
and emergency maintenance.
1. Routine maintenance
� Routine maintenance involves checking the equipment
operation status periodically and handling the problems
promptly; so as to find hidden trouble, prevent accident,
find fault and handle them as early as possible.
2. Emergency maintenance
� Emergency maintenance is also called troubleshooting.
� It involves maintenance tasks brought by transmission
equipment faults or network adjustments, such as the
maintenance tasks to handle equipment damage, line
faults, and emergency events found and recorded in
routine maintenance.

2.2 Requirements for Tools and

Instruments
Maintenance Tools Common maintenance tools in the equipment room are listed in
and Materials Table 2.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 5

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

TABLE 2 COMMON MAINTENANCE TOOLS

Name Remark Function

It is used for
Tape
measurement.

It includes I size
cross screwdriver,
II size cross
screwdriver, I
Screw-
size straight
drivers
screwdriver, II
size straight
screwdriver for
fixing screws.

It is used to nip
wires, elements,
Nippers
integrated circuit
pins and etc.

Adjustable It is used to fix

wrench screws.

Diagonal It is used to trim

pliers cable clips.

It is used to
trim the cable
with fine cable
diameter, bend
single-stranded
Sharp nose
conductor joint,
pliers
strip plastic
insulation
layer, nip small
accessories and
etc.

6 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

Name Remark Function

Wire It is used to strip

stripper cable skins.

Wallpaper It is used to cut

knife papers.

It is used to pare
Electrical
insulation layer of
knife
the wire.

Crimping It is used to crimp

Pliers lugs.

It is used to
melt solder so
40 W
that electronic
electrical
components can
iron
be connected or
cut off.

It is used to clamp
Clamping
the crystal head
pincers
of network cable.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 7

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

Name Remark Function

It is used to
IC extractor plug/unplug
chips.

It is used to
connect with
ground to
Antistatic
effectively protect
wrist strap
electrostatic
sensitivity
devices and PCB.

It is used
for taking
Pliers
or pinch-off
operation.

It is used to
Fiber
plug/unplug
extractor
cables or fibers.

It is used to
mark on different
- materials, such
Marker
as paper, wood,
metal, plastics
and etc.

– In the engineering practice, select tools with appropriate specifications

according to actual requirements.

8 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

Common maintenance materials are listed in Table 3.

TABLE 3 COMMON MAINTENANCE MATERIALS

Name Remark

Absolute alcohol -

Dust-free paper -

Soldering-tin cord -

Rosin -

Insulating tape -

Nylon adhesive hook-and-loop -

tape

Strap

Fiber-pigtail jumper

Caution:
For equipment upgrade, the maintenance personnel should also
prepare appropriate number of BOOTROOM chips of the main con-
trol board and board application chips.

Instruments/Me- Common instruments/meters used in equipment room are listed

ters in Table 4.

TABLE 4 COMMON INSTRUMENTS/METERS

Name Remark

Meters It includes thermometers and hygrometers for detecting

for envi- the equipment operating environment.
ronment

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 9

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

Name Remark

monitor-
ing

It includes a digital multimeter, an optical power meter,

an optical attenuator and a PDH (Plesiochronous Digital
Hierarchy) bit error tester.
� Digital multimeter

Instrum-
ents/me-
ters for
mainte- � Optical power meter
nance

� Optical attenuator

10 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

Name Remark

If possible, prepare one SDH (Synchronous Digital

Hierarchy) synthetic analyzer to replace the optical power
meter, and PDH bit error tester.

If it is necessary to temporarily access the EMS for

maintenance at some sites, prepare a portable PC (with
built-in MODEM , Ethernet adapter, and a straight-through
cable).

For equipment upgrading, if no chips of new version are

burned, a chip burner should be prepared.

Other
instru-
ments

Optical communication instruments and computers: As

they are expensive, one transmission network project
can be equipped with only one or several major sites
depending on the network scale. Other sites can share
these instruments.

– In the engineering practice, select tools with appropriate specifications

according to actual requirements.

Caution:
All the instruments/meters should be checked and calibrated be-
fore using, to ensure their accuracies and good conditions.

Note:
For further information about the usage of instrument/meter,
please refer to its operating instruction.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 11

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

2.3 Equipment Room Maintenance

Rules
A complete set of effective maintenance rules should be devel-
oped to ensure that the equipment room environment satisfies
the equipment running requirements, and for better equipment
maintenance. All the maintenance personnel should observe these
rules. This section lists the work rules and shift rules of the equip-
ment room for users’ reference.

2.3.1 Work Rules

� Keep the equipment room tidy, clean, and in order. Change

shoes or wear shoe covers at the door, keep the floor clean,
keep the equipment dust-free, and arrange the equipment
properly orderly.
� Make sure that the instruments and meters are precise, the
tools are ready, and the materials are complete.
� Do not bring inflammable or explosive articles into the equip-
ment room.
� Unauthorized entry into the equipment room is not allowed.
� Wear an antistatic wrist strap before operating the equipment.
� Take care of the public properties in the equipment room.
� Do not disclose any confidential information.
� Make records and statistics of the original data. Make sure that
the technical documents and original records are authentic and
complete.
� The person on duty must be dutiful. Handle and report any
major fault and accident promptly.

2.3.2 Shift Handover Rules

� The shift handover rules are very important for uninterrupted

communications and should be strictly followed by each main-
tenance person.
� The persons on duty should perform shift handover seriously.
The responsibilities and formalities should be clearly defined to
ensure smooth shift handover.
� The person on the previous shift should, before going off duty,
provide clear information about his shift to the person on the
next shift; The person on the next shift should conduct careful
checks before taking over the duty.
� Make sure during the shift handover that: the equipment run-
ning status, the state of the tools and instruments are clear;
various drawings and records are complete.

12 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

� The person on the previous shift should stay on duty until the
person on the next shift arrives and the shift handover is com-
pleted.
� After proper shift handover, the persons of both shifts should
sign on the work log as a written record, indicating that the
equipment has been handed over to the next shift.
� If fault occurs during shift handover, the persons of both shifts
should be responsible for the troubleshooting.

2.4 Maintenance Precautions

2.4.1 Lightning Protection Precautions

Typical lightning protections of power supply fall into three classes,

as listed in Table 5.

TABLE 5 TYPICAL LIGHTNING PROTECTION CLASSES OF POWER SUPPLY

Position of
Lightning
Lightning Protection
Protection Class Major Parameter Circuit

Class B (Elemen- AC power distribu-

tary class) 40 kA (8 μs /20 μs) tion screen (box)

Class C (Lower DC power supply

class) 20 kA (8 μs/20 μs) cabinet

Class D (Lowest -48 V power sup-

class) 6000 V (combined wave) ply rectifier

needs to satisfy the following lightning protection requirements:

� For central equipment room:
� AC cables should be buried under ground.
� Since AC power distribution screen and DC power supply
cabinet might stay in the same equipment room, the dis-
tance between class B arrester and class C arrester should
satisfy the required distance of decoupling.
If protection grounding is laid alone, the distance between
class B arrester and class C arrester should be no less than
5 m. If protection grounding is laid parallel with power cord,
the distance between class B arrester and class C arrester
should be no less than 15 m.
� If the distance between class B arrester and class C arrester
cannot satisfy the above requirement, it is necessary to
add a decoupling inductance in front of class C arrester
(calculated as 1.5 H/m).
� Grounding cable of class B arrester and that of class C ar-
rester should be joined by stranded copper cable, and MET

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 13

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

(Major Earth Terminal) or FEB (Floor Equipotential earth

terminal Board), whose cross-sectional area is no less than
95 mm2. And the grounding cable should be as short as
possible.
� The lightning protection requirements of power input port and
signal input/output port are listed in Table 6.

TABLE 6 LIGHTNING PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS

Lightning Protection
Port Requirement

DC power input port 1 kV (1.2 µs/50 µs)

Signal input/output port 1 kV (1.2 µs/50 µs)

– The lightning protection specification of DC power input port can be up

to 2 kV (1.2 µs/50 µs) and 4 kV (1.2 µs/50 µs).

2.4.2 Optical Interface Maintenance

Precautions

1. Be sure to cover the unused optical interfaces of the optical

interface board with the dustproof caps.
� It not only protects the maintenance persons’ eyes during
their casual direct viewing on the optical ports, but also
protects optical interfaces against dust. Once dust enters
the optical interface, it may affect the output optical power
of the transmitting optical interface and the receiving sen-
sitivity of the receiving optical interface.
2. Do not look straight into the optical interface on the optical
board to protect your eyes from being burnt by laser.
3. Periodically clean the optical interface to protect the optical
interface from being will not be contaminated.

2.4.3 Board Maintenance Precautions

� Take proper antistatic measures in equipment maintenance to

avoid any damage to the equipment.
As human body may generate static electromagnetic field that
persists for long, one should wear antistatic wrist straps and
well ground them at the other end before touching the equip-
ment, in order to prevent human static electricity from dam-
aging sensitive components and devices.
The boards not in use should be kept in the antistatic bags.
� Pay attention to the damp-proof handling of the boards. The
environment temperature and humidity effect must be taken
into consideration for standby board storage.
Usually, put some desiccant in the antistatic bags of the board,
to keep the bag inside dry.

14 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

When a board is moved from a colder and drier place to a

hotter and damper place, wait for at least 30 minutes before
unpacking it. Otherwise, moisture may condense on the board
surface and damage the components.
� Be careful to plug/unplug the boards.
There are many pins in each board slot on the equipment moth-
erboard. If any pin is distorted or falls accidentally, the normal
running of the entire system will be affected, or even worse,
short circuit may be caused and make the equipment down.

2.4.4 Equipment Maintenance

Precautions

� To power on the equipment

i. Set the air switch of the power distribution box to "ON" to
power on the equipment.
ii. Observe the running status of fan and boards. If the status
is abnormal, check it immediately to troubleshoot the fault.
� To power off the equipment
Set the air switch on the power distributor box to “OFF” to shut
down the equipment.

Warning:
� Since the transmission equipment is very important in the
network, power-off operation should be avoided once the
equipment is in service.
� Never install or disconnect any power cables without turn-
ing off the power switch. Otherwise, electric sparks or elec-
tric arc may occur, causing a fire or eye hurt. Be sure to
turn off the power switch before installing or disconnecting
a power cable.

Caution:
Once the equipment is in service, clean the dust filter mesh
of the fan regularly according to the equipment room environ-
ment conditions to ensure good heat dissipation of the equip-
ment.

2.4.5 EMS Maintenance Precautions

� Do not exit the EMS when the system is running normally.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 15

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

Exiting the EMS will make the EMS unable to monitor the equip-
ment, and destroy the continuity of equipment monitoring; al-
though it will not interrupt services.
� Assign different EMS login accounts for different users, allo-
cate the related operation authority to them, and periodically
change the EMS password, to ensure its security.
� Do not use the EMS to dispatch services during a service peak.
Any error will impose great influence on the equipment. Dis-
patch services in case of minimum traffic.
� Backup data timely after a service dispatch to ensure a quick
service recovery in case of fault.
� Do not play games on the EMS computer, nor copy any irrele-
vant files or software to it.
� Kill virus regularly on the EMS computer to protect it from virus.

2.5 Basic Maintenance Operations

When abnormities occur in the system, the following maintenance
operations can be carried out:
� Judge the possible causes of the fault.
� Solve the fault.
� Recover the system to normal operation.
The maintenance operations can be classified into equipment
maintenance and NE management system (EMS) maintenance.
� The equipment maintenance operations refer to operations on
the equipment hardware, such as unplugging/plugging fiber
pigtails and hardware loopback.
� The EMS maintenance operations refer to operations on the
equipment through the EMS. Refer to the relevant EMS manual
for the detailed EMS maintenance operations.

16 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

Caution:
Once the test and diagnosis finish, the maintenance operations
conducted should be canceled in time, so that the equipment op-
eration will not be affected.

2.5.1 Board Replacement

2.5.1.1 Operation Precautions

� Since there are many CMOS components in the board, make

sure to wear an antistatic wrist strap to connect human body
with the equipment protection ground.

Caution:
If the equipment is not connected with the protection ground,
the antistatic wrist strap will not take effect, and other anti-
static measure should be taken.

� Generally, there is a bag of desiccant in the antistatic bag of the

board, which can absorb the moisture and keep the inside of
the antistatic bag dry. When a board is carried from a dry place
with low temperature to a moist place with high temperature,
wait for at least half an hour before unpacking and installing the
board. Otherwise, moisture will condense the board surface,
resulting in board damage.
� While plugging/unplugging a board, keep it upright and use
appropriate force to avoid bending the contact pins. While
plugging/unplugging a board with optical interfaces, handle it
carefully to avoid damaging the fiber connectors or coiled fiber
pigtails in the board.

2.5.1.2 Unplugging Board

Prerequisites � Antistatic wrist strap is necessary for the board operation to

connect human body with the working ground.
� If the equipment is not connected with the protection ground,
the antistatic wrist strap will not take effect, and other anti-
static measure should be taken.

Warning:
Unplug fiber before unplugging board.

Steps 1. Loose the captive screw on the front panel of board.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 17

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

2. Hold the board to be unplugged, press down the extractor

spring plates, and extract the board outwards with appropriate
force to free the board from the slot.
3. Pinch the board extractor with thumb and forefinger of one
hand, at the same time hold the board panel with the other
hand, and smoothly pull the board out of the slot.
4. Put the board in antistatic bag, and mark it.
END OF STEPS

2.5.1.3 Plugging Board

Prerequisites � Antistatic wrist strap is necessary for the board operation to

connect human body with the working ground.
� If the equipment is not connected with the protection ground,
the antistatic wrist strap will not take effect, and other anti-
static measure should be taken.

Warning:
Unplug fiber before plugging board.
不能带纤插单板。

Steps 1. Take the board out of the antistatic bag and check if there is
any mechanical damage.
2. Based on the slot layout and the slot availability requirements,
plug the board into the corresponding slot of the subrack.
3. Press the spring plate of the extractor, place the extractor at
right angles to the front panel of board, grasp the extractors
with both hands and push in the board exactly along the guide
rail. During the process, keep the board horizontal and apply
appropriate force.
4. When the board is about to be placed in position, clamp the
bayonet of the ejector lever with the front beam of the subrack,
and push the ejector lever with proper force until the ejector
lever stands horizontally and the spring plate sends out the
locking sound of “clatter”. Now, the board connector is fully
inserted into the backplane socket.

18 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

Caution:
While plugging a board, handle it carefully with proper force to
avoid damaging pins on the backplane. Plug the board along
the corresponding slot to avoid short-circuit caused by contact
with board in the adjacent slot.

5. Fasten captive screw on the front panel of board. Now, the

board insertion is completed. The board panel should be in
parallel with the outer shelf of the board area in the chassis.
END OF STEPS

2.5.2 Plugging/Unplugging of Fiber

Pigtail

2.5.2.1 Plugging Fiber Pigtail with LC/PC Connector

Prerequisites Check the following things before plugging fiber pigtail:

� Check if fiber pigtails have been led to optical interfaces of cor-
responding board in subrack, and if space has been reserved.
� Check if connectors of fiber pigtails are all covered with dust-
proof caps.
� Check if fiber pigtails are squeezed or bent.
� Antistatic wrist strap is necessary for the board operation to
connect human body with the working ground.
Context Before plugging the fiber pigtail, clean the connector with the dust-
free paper dipped in absolute alcohol. Be careful to wipe it in one
direction.
Steps 1. Nip the pigtail connector with the thumb and the forefinger,
align the spring piece on the connector with concave trough
of optical interface adapter, and push the pigtail inwards with
moderate force. Be careful and avoid damaging the ceramic
inner pipe of the optical adaptor or the connector’s end surface.
2. Align the connector with the optical interface in the optical
board, and then fully insert it with proper force.
END OF STEPS

Postrequisite Perform the following operations after plugging fiber pigtails:

� Keep well and preserve dust-proof caps of plugged fiber pig-
tails.
� Coil the remaining fiber pigtail tidily in fiber coiling box.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 19

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

2.5.2.2 Unplugging Fiber Pigtail with LC/PC Connector

Prerequisites Antistatic wrist strap is necessary for the board operation to con-
nect human body with the working ground.
Steps 1. If LC/PC fiber pigtail extractor is available, nip the both sides
of LC/PC connector with the clip of LC/PC fiber pigtail extractor.

Note:
If LC/PC fiber pigtail extractor is not available, nip the fiber
pigtail connector with thumb finger and index finger, and press
down the spring plate on the connector with thumb finger. 。

2. Pull out the connector with moderate force along the connec-
tor’s direction.
3. Cover the connector with a dust-proof cap as soon as it is un-
plugged, to avoid dust pollution.
END OF STEPS

Postrequisite Perform the following operations after unplugging fiber pigtail:

� If there is no more operation on fiber pigtail connector, cover
the connector with a dust-proof cap as soon as it is unplugged,
to avoid dust pollution.
� If the unplugged fiber pigtail is kept for other purpose, coil it
in the fiber coiling box tidily.
� If the unplugged fiber pigtail is not in use any more, take it out
of cabinet once it is unplugged.

2.5.3 Interface Loopback

Loopback is a commonly used operation for checking fault of a

transmission line. It let the receive interface of the equipment
receive the signals transmitted from the transmit interface of the
same equipment.

Warning:
� Loopback for signals that are in service shall cause service in-
terruption, and therefore should be performed with caution.
� Loopback at an Ethernet interface may cause broadcast storm
in the network, and therefore should be performed with cau-
tion.

Operation Purpose � Separate the communication links and locate the faulty points
of the NEs level by level.
� Check the work status of the node and transmission line.
� Help you quickly locate the faulty NE or faulty board.

20 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

� Facilitate commissioning and debugging of the equipment.

Operation Method � Hardware loopback
� Software loopback
Loopback Object � Optical signal
� Electrical signal

2.5.3.1 Hardware Loopback

Operation Purpose Hardware loopback uses physical method to connect the receive
interface with the transmit interface of one signal. In terms of
the signal flow direction, hardware loopback orients towards the
equipment inside, so it is also called hardware self-loop.
Operation Method Self-loops of the electrical signal and optical signal are similar. The
following content takes the optical interface hardware self-loop as
an example.
The optical interface hardware self-loop uses a fiber pigtail to con-
nect the receive optical interface with the transmit optical interface
of optical line board(s), so as to achieve signal loopback. The op-
tical interface hardware self-loop includes local self-loop and cross
self-loop.
� Local self-loop: It uses a fiber pigtail to connect the receive
optical interface (Rx) and the transmit optical interface (Tx) of
one optical direction.

� Cross self-loop: It uses a fiber pigtail to connect the trans-

mit/receive optical interfaces (Tx/Rx) of one optical direction
with the receive/transmit optical interfaces (Rx/Tx) of another
optical direction.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 21

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

Warning:
When using fiber pigtail to implement hardware loopback for opti-
cal interface, add an optical attenuator before the optical interface
at the receive side to avoid that the overload of optical power might
damage the optical interface. Once the loopback is completed, re-
move the attenuator.
Avoid loopback at Ethernet interface, because it may influence the
network.

Inspection Criteria The hardware loopback can be performed.

2.5.3.2 Software Loopback

Operation Purpose Software loopback uses the EMS software to implement loopback.
� It can configure the optical/electrical signal self-loop equivalent
to the hardware loopback.
� It can configure the line loopback or single channel loopback.
Software loopback can be divided into line side loopback and ter-
minal side loopback.
The software loopback towards the equipment internal direction is
called terminal side loopback, while the loopback in the reverse
direction is called terminal side loopback, as shown in Figure 1.

FIGURE 1 SOFTWARE LOOPBACK IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS

Caution:
The principle to perform loopback is minimizing the effect on ser-
vices. Avoid using the AU loopback if the fault can be located using
the tributary unit loopback.

Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view of NetNumen T31 EMS

client, right-click the NE to be operated, and then choose De-
vice Manager in the shortcut menu to open the Device Man-
ager dialog box.

22 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

2. Double-click the NE in the Resource tree, and then click the

board to be operated.

3. In the Board Operation tree, double-click Maintenance

Management and then click Loop Back to open the Loop
Back dialog box.

Inspection Criteria The software loopback can be performed.

2.5.4 Optical Power Test

2.5.4.1 Optical Power Test Precautions

� Make sure that fiber pigtail connectors are clean (if not, clean
the fiber pigtail connectors with special cleaning solution and
paper); Make sure that the connecting devices of the ring
flanges on the optical board panel and the optical power meter
are well coupled.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 23

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

� Measure the attenuation of the fiber pigtail before the test, to

make sure that this fiber pigtail has good transmission perfor-
mance. For optical boards using single-mode and multi-mode
optical interfaces, use different fiber pigtails for test accord-
ingly.
� If necessary, the attenuation values of the optical connector
and the testing fiber can be considered known, serving to
amend the mean optical launched power read from the optical
power meter. For higher test accuracy, take the average value
of multiple test results, and then amend it with the attenuation
values of the optical connector and the testing fiber.

2.5.4.2 Optical Launched Power Test

Context The test method of optical launched power is shown in Figure 2.

FIGURE 2 OPTICAL LAUNCHED POWER TEST

Note:
For the detailed information about the operation of plugging/un-
plugging fiber pigtail, please refer to “Plugging/Unplugging of Fiber
Pigtail” section.

Steps 1. Set the optical receive wavelength of the optical power meter
to be the same as the optical transmit wavelength of the tested
optical line board.
2. Connect one end of the fiber pigtail to the optical transmit in-
terface of the tested optical board, and the other end to the
test input interface of the optical power meter.
3. Read the stable optical power value of the optical power meter,
which is the optical launched power of this optical line board.
END OF STEPS

24 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

2.5.4.3 Optical Received Power Test

Context

Note:
For the detailed information about the operation of plugging/un-
plugging fiber pigtail, please refer to “Plugging/Unplugging of Fiber
Pigtail” section.

Steps 1. Set the receiving optical wavelength of the optical power meter
to the same as the tested optical wavelength.
2. Unplug the fiber pigtail connected to the optical receive port
on the board to be tested, and connect it to the input interface
of the optical power meter.
3. Read the stable optical power value of the optical power meter,
which is the optical received power of this optical line board.
END OF STEPS

2.5.5 Making Network Cable

Two types of network cables can be used for connection between

the EMS computer and the NEs: crossover network cable and
straight-through network cable.
The appearance of a network cable is shown in Figure 3. The net-
work cable adapts RJ45 socket on either end. illustrates network
cable.

FIGURE 3 APPEARANCE OF A NETWORK CABLE

� Crossover network cable

directly connects to the EMS computer with a crossover net-
work cable. The color codes and the connection relationship of
the crossover network cable is illustrated in Table 7.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 25

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

TABLE 7 COLOR CODES AND CONNECTION RELATIONSHIP OF CROSSOVER

NETWORK CABLE

No. of the
RJ45 Plug
1.......... 3........... 4..........
Pins at the 7............8
...2 ...6 ...5
Equipment
End

Color
Spectrums White- White- White-
of the Orange Green Blue ......... Brown
Category-5 ......... ......... White-Blue ........
network Orange Green Brown
cable

No. of the
RJ45 Plug 3.......... 1........... 4 ........... 7..........
Pins at the ...6 ...2 5 ...8
User End

� Straight—through network cable

connects to the EMS computer with a straight—through net-
work cable via HUB. The color codes and the connection rela-
tionship of the straight network cable is illustrated in Table 8.

TABLE 8 COLOR CODES AND CONNECTION RELATIONSHIP OF

STRAIGHT–THROUGH NETWORK CABLE

No. of the
RJ45 Plug
1.......... 3.......... 4.......... 7..........
Pins at the
...2 ...6 ...5 ...8
Equipment
End

Color
Spectrums White- White- White-
of the Orange Green Blue ......... Brown
Category-5 ......... ......... White-Blue ........
Network Orange Green Brown
Cable

No. of the
RJ45 Plug 1.......... 3.......... 4..........
7............8
Pins at the ...2 ...6 ...5
User End

2.5.6 Bit Error Test

Bit error test is applied to test the system performances during

equipment commissioning or the channel performances during
equipment operation.
Bit error test using bit error tester includes two methods: online
test and offline test. The bit error test point is the service access
point that the equipment provides for the user.
Online Test � Online test for optical interface

26 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

Select an optical channel in use, and then connect an SDH

tester in the optical channel to perform online bit error moni-
toring.
Figure 4 shows the connection of online test (optical interface).
In normal case, the tester should show no bit errors.

FIGURE 4 CONNECTION OF ONLINE TEST (OPTICAL INTERFACE)

Caution:
Connecting SDH tester in an optical channel may lead to service
interruption when performing online test, and therefore should
be used with caution.

Offline Test Figure 5 shows the connection of offline test (optical interface).

FIGURE 5 CONNECTION OF OFFLINE TEST (OPTICAL INTERFACE)

1. Select a service channel, and find the SDH interfaces of this

channel at both the local end and the opposite end.
2. Perform a terminal side loopback at the opposite-end SDH in-
terface via the EMS software, or a hardware loopback on the
ODF (Optical Distribution Frame).
3. Connect a bit error tester to the corresponding local-end SDH
interface to test the bit error.
In normal case, the tester should show no bit errors.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 27

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

Caution:
� During the test, make sure that the bit error tester is well
grounded, and do not turn on/off any other electrical appli-
ances.
� When implementing self-loop for optical signals, add an optical
attenuator with proper specifications before the optical inter-
face at the receive side to avoid that the overload of optical
power might damage the optical interface.

2.5.7 Alarm Insertion

Operation Purpose Alarm insertion uses a manually generated alarm to monitor the
system.
Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view of NetNumen T31 client,
right-click the NE to be operated and then choose Device Man-
ager in the shortcut menu to open the Device Manager dialog
box.
2. In the NE Operation tree, choose Maintenance Manage-
ment > Insert Alarm.
3. Click Add to add a new alarm. Then, click Apply to issue this
alarm.

Note:
For detailed operation steps, please refer to NetNumen T31 EMS
manuals.

Table 9 lists the relations between alarm insertion points and

boards.

TABLE 9 RELATIONS BETWEEN ALARM INSERTION POINTS AND BOARDS

Insertion Point Board Type

MS STM-1/STM-4 optical interface sub-card

AU4 STM-1/STM-4 optical interface sub-card

AU4-nc Optical interface sub-card above STM-4

28 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

Caution:
Inserting alarm may interrupt services. Remove the inserted
alarms once the troubleshooting is completed.
To reduce the influence on services, insert the lower-level alarm(s)
first.

� Once the alarm insertion succeeds, the AIS alarm should be

reported in the corresponding channel at the receive end.
� For a network configured with protection, you can use the EMS
to insert the AIS alarm to judge whether the self-healing ring
network can perform protection switching normally. Suppose
the alarm insertion succeeds. If the service is not interrupted,
the protection switching is normal. Otherwise, it is abnormal.
Check the lines and related boards.

2.5.8 Alarm Preload Configuration

Operation Purpose Alarm preload configuration is applied to handle the alarms of the
interfaces that have no services.
Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view of NetNumen T31 client,
right-click the NE to be operated and then choose Device Man-
ager in the shortcut menu to open the Device Manager dialog
box.

2. Double-click the NE in the Resource tree, and then click the

board to be configured with alarm preload.
3. In the Board Operation tree, choose Alarm Config > Alarm
Preload to open the Alarm Preload dialog box.
Operation Notes The alarm preload configuration includes the following options:
� None Preload: The interface reports the alarms normally. It
is the default option.
� Reverse Preload: the alarm status reported by the interface
is opposite to the alarm status of alarm source. That is, the
interface that has no services does not report any alarm, while
it reports the related alarm once it has services. If the interface
has no services again, the alarms disappears.
For example, suppose an optical interface is configured to be
Reverse Preload. When it is not connected with optical fiber,
it reports no alarms. Once it is connected with an optical fiber,
it reports the LOS alarm. If the optical fiber is unplugged, the
LOS alarm disappears.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 29

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

The alarm reverse function does not affect the alarm suppres-
sion function.
� Auto Recover Preload: When the interface has no services,
it does not report any alarm. After it has services for some
time, it begins to normally report alarms.

2.5.9 Protection Configuration

Operation Purpose The NetNumen T31 EMS software supports the following protection
modes:
� Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)
� TMS protection
� TMP tunnel protection
� Fiber pigtail dual-homing protection

Note: This section takes the TMP tunnel protection as an

example to illustrate how to configure protection.
Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view of NetNumen T31 client,
right-click the NE to be operated and then choose Device Man-
ager in the shortcut menu to open the Device Manager dialog
box.
2. In the NE Operation tree, choose Protection Management
> TMP Protection to open the TMP Protection dialog box.
3. Click New to open the Create Protection Relation Group
dialog box. Configure Group ID, User Label, Rate, and Pro-
tection Type.

4. Click Next and configure the tunnel protection according to the

protection configuration planning.

30 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

5. Click OK. If the configuration succeeded, a message box will

pop up prompting that the protection group is created success-
fully.
Inspection Criteria After configuring the protection, the Relation tab page of the TMP
Protection dialog box shows the configured protection group.

2.5.10 Configuration and Query of

Protection Switching

Operation Purpose In the NetNumen T31 EMS, you can configure and query the pro-
tection switching of .
Table 10 lists the protection switching types with priorities ordering
from high to low.

TABLE 10 PROTECTION SWITCHING TYPES

Protection
Switching Description
Type

Clears all the switching commands that have been

Clear switch
issued.

Locks the selected protection span, and the locked

Protection protection span does not perform switching if it has
Lock fault. It only forbids performing switching and allows
recovery.

Locks the selected working span, and the locked

working span does not perform switching if it has
Lock
fault. It only forbids performing switching and allows
recovery.

Forcibly switches services from the working span to

Force switch
the protection span.

When the protection span is not occupied by other

Manual request with higher priority and has no signal degrade,
switch the system switches services from the working span to
the protection span.

Exercise Processes the APS protocol only, without performing

switch switching. It does not affect services.

The NetNumen T31 EMS software supports the following protection

modes:
� Multiplex Section Protection (MSP)
� TMS protection
� TMP tunnel protection
� Fiber pigtail dual-homing protection

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 31

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

Note:
This section takes the TMP tunnel protection as an example to
illustrate how to configure and query the protection switching.

Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view of NetNumen T31 client,

right-click the NE to be operated and then choose Device Man-
ager in the shortcut menu to open the Device Manager dialog
box.
2. In the NE Operation tree, choose Protection Management
> TMP Protection to open the TMP Protection dialog box.
3. If the protection group has been configured, you can query
the information of the protection group in the TMP Protection
dialog box.

4. Click to display the switching types listed in Table

10 in the drop-down menu. Select the protection switching
type to be configured.
Inspection Criteria The Relation tab page of the TMP Protection dialog box shows
the protection relations and the switching status.

2.5.11 Board Reset

Operation Purpose The purpose of board reset is to recover the normal operation of
the board processor.

Note:
Do not reset the board unless the board function is confirmed to
be affected by the board processor fault.

Operation Method Board reset operations include the hardware reset and software
reset.
� Hardware reset
� Resetting the main control board: press the reset button
(RST) on the front panel of the main control board.
� Resetting other boards: to avoid mis-operation, the re-
set buttons of other boards are hidden inside the boards.
Therefore, for other boards, the reset operation can not be
executed on their front panels.
� Software reset
The software reset uses the EMS software to reset the board.
i. In the Topology Management view of the NetNumen T31
EMS client, click the NE to be operated.
ii. Choose Maintenance > Reset Card to open the Reset
Card dialog box.

32 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 2 Maintenance Overview

iii. Select the board to be reset in the Card drop-down list

box. Then, set the Reset Mode and Reset Level, and
click Apply.

Note:
For PTN equipment, the NetNumen T31 EMS only supports two
software reset modes: Soft Reset and Hard Reset.

Inspection Criteria The board is successfully reset by soft reset or hard reset.

2.5.12 NE Time Management

Operation Purpose � Implement time management for NE, we can complete settings
for NE synchronization time, and also query the current time
of NE and EMS.
� Only if NE time is synchronous with EMS time, EMS can record
correct alarm occurrence time and log time.
� If NTP (Network Time Protocol) sever is configured in the net-
work, NE can choose to be synchronous with NTP (Network
Time Protocol) time.
Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view, click an NE.
2. Select Operation > Topology Operation > NE Time Man-
agement to pop up NE Time Management dialogue box.
Inspection Criteria The information about NE time and EMS time can be queried in NE
Current Time tab.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 33

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

This page is intentionally blank.

34 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance
After you have completed this chapter, you will know:
>> Routine Maintenance Items
>> Environment Maintenance
>> Equipment Maintenance Operations
>> Routine EMS Maintenance

3.1 Routine Maintenance Items

The routine maintenance items and corresponding periods are
listed in Table 11.

TABLE 11 LIST OF ROUTINE MAINTENANCE ITEMS

Maintenance item Period

Environment Maintenance Daily

Check audio alarms of the Daily

equipment

Observe cabinet indicator Daily

lights
Equip-
ment
Observe board indicator Half a day
mainte-
lights
nance
Check the fan, clean the air Two weeks
filter

Check services Two weeks

Manage users (change login Monthly

password)

Check the EMS connection Daily

Monitor topology map Daily

Monitor alarms Daily

EMS
mainte-
Monitor performances Daily
nance
Query system configurations Irregularly

Query user operation logs Irregularly

Print reports Irregularly

Back up data Irregularly

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 35

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

3.2 Environment Maintenance

3.2.1 Requirements for Running
Environment

Climate The temperature and humility requirements are described inTable

Environment 12, and other climate environment requirements are listed in Table
Requirements 13.

TABLE 12 TEMPERATURE AND HUMILITY REQUIREMENTS (RUNNING

ENVIRONMENT)

Item Specifications

Long term run-

0℃ to +45℃
ning
Operating tempera-
ture
Short term run-
-5℃ to +50℃
ning

Long term run-

10% to 90%
ning
Relative humidity (35
℃)
Short term run-
5% to 95%
ning

– Temperature and humidity are measured 1.5 m above the floor and 0.4 m in
front of the equipment.
– Short term running means that the equipment works continuously for not
more than 96 hours and works for not more than 15 days in one year.

TABLE 13 OTHER CLIMATE ENVIRONMENT REQUIREMENTS (RUNNING

ENVIRONMENT)（（

Item Specification

Altitude ≤4000 m

Air pressure 70 kPa to 106 kPa

temperaturegradient ≤30 ℃/h

Solar radiation ≤700 W/s2

Heat radiation ≤600 W/s2

Wind speed ≤5 m/s

Biology � Avoid the propagation of microorganism, such as fungi or

Environment mould.
Requirements
� Avoid rodent (such as mouse) to damage the equipment.
Air Cleanness � There should be no explosive, electrically conductive, magnet-
Requirements ically conductive or corrosive dust in the equipment room.

36 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

� The concentration of mechanical activity material is illustrated

in Table 14.
� The concentration of chemical activity material is illustrated in
Table 15.

TABLE 14 CONCENTRATION OF MECHANICAL ACTIVITY

Mechanical Activity
Content
Material

Dust ≤3×105/m3

Suspend dust ≤0.2 mg/m3

Degraded dust ≤15 mg/m2·h

Sand ≤100 mg/m3

TABLE 15 CONCENTRATION OF CHEMICAL ACTIVITY

Chemical Activity
Content
Material

SO2 ≤0.30 mg/m3

H2S ≤0.10 mg/m3

NO2 ≤0.50 mg/m3

NH3 ≤3.00 mg/m3

Cl2 ≤0.10 mg/m3

HCl ≤0.10 mg/m3

HF ≤0.01 mg/m3

O3 ≤0.05 mg/m3

NOX ≤0.5 mg/m3

3.2.2 Requirements for Grounding

� If separate grounding is used in the customer’s equipment

room, the grounding resistance should meet the following re-
quirements:
� -48 VGND grounding resistance ≤ 4 Ω
� Grounding resistance of system working ground ≤ 1 Ω
� Lightning protection ground resistance ≤ 3 Ω
� If combined grounding is used in the customer’s equipment
room, the grounding resistance should meet the following re-
quirements:
� The grounding resistance ≤ 0.5 Ω

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 37

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

� The voltage difference among the lightning protection

ground, the system working ground, and the -48 VGND
should be less than 1 V.
� The connection requirements between different grounds are
described as follows:
� Board -48 V ground is isolated from -48 VGND.
� Lightening protecting ground only connects with protec-
tion devices, and connects with system working ground at
grounding terminal.

3.2.3 Net Height of Equipment Room

The clear height of the equipment room should be no less than 3

m.

Note:
Clear height of the equipment room refers to the vertical distance
from the bottom of the beam or air duct to the upper surface of
the antistatic floor.

3.2.4 Wall Surface of Equipment Room

� The surface materials on the wall and ceiling should not easily
get powdered, and should not be dirt-susceptible or flake-sus-
ceptible. The decorative materials should be fire-retardant.
� Protect wall surfaces with wallpapers or lusterless paint.

3.2.5 Lighting in Equipment Room

� Avoid direct sunlight. Average luminance should be within the

range from 300 lx to 450 lx. The light source should be not
dizzy. It is recommended to use the fluorescent lamp.
� Prepare accident lighting or standby lighting system according
to the specific conditions of the equipment room. Install emer-
gency light at proper positions.

3.2.6 Troughs and Holes in Equipment

Room

� All the drainage pipes should bypass the equipment room.

38 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

� The quantity, location and size of reserved underground pipes,

ground troughs and holes in the equipment room should meet
the cable laying requirements and the craft design require-
ments.
� All the troughs should have damp-proof measures and well
trimmed at the edges and corners. Lighting/power cables
should be hidden.

3.2.7 Equipment Power Supply

� The uses the nominal -48 V power supply, with the allowed
voltage fluctuation range from -60 V to -40 V.
� The routing, quantity and laying position of power cables in
the equipment room should meet the general specifications of
telecom projects.
� The conductor type (aluminum/copper bar or rubber- skinned
wire), the equipment insulation strength and the fuse capaci-
ties should meet the design requirements.
� Use complete segment cable for power cables. No joints are
allowed in the power cables. The cable sleeves, if necessary,
should be used according to the construction specifications.

3.2.8 AC Power Supply

Prepare 220 V/2000 W AC power socket outlet in the equipment

room, since some electric tools and instruments may be needed
during equipment installation, debugging and maintenance.
The AC power socket outlet should have both two-pin and three-pin
multifunctional power sockets. The socket quantities and positions
should satisfy the debugging requirements for all the equipment.

3.2.9 Air-Conditioning System

To ensure long-term reliable operation of the equipment, the tem-

perature and humidity of the equipment operating environment
should meet certain requirements. If the weather conditions can-
not satisfy the temperature and humidity requirements all the year,
install air-conditioning system in the equipment room.
Equipment heat capacity is the basis in choosing air-condition sys-
tem. The heat capacity of the equipment room adapts the follow-
ing formula:
Q=0.82UI (kcal /h)
� Q– – equipment heat capacity (kcal/h)
� U– – DC voltage (V)
� I– – average current (A)

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 39

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

� 0.82– – conversion coefficient that electric energy converts to

heat energy per watt (0.86) plus heat coefficient of the electric
energy in the equipment room (0.95).
The actual capacity design of the air-condition should be calcu-
lated according to the equipment room area and equipment heat
capacity. For detailed calculation method, please refer to the re-
lated project design specification.
The air-condition system in the equipment room should be in-
stalled before the power-on test of equipment, so as to guarantee
the normal operation.

3.2.10 Fire Protection Facilities

� Prepare appropriate fire protection facilities in the equipment

room, such as fire extinguishers. Make sure that the fire pro-
tection facilities can be easily visible and accessible.
� Large equipment rooms should be equipped with an automatic
fire protection system.

3.2.11 Maintenance Space

� The front and rear space of should be greater than 800 mm for
equipment maintenance.
� The front and rear space of face-to-face installed equipment
should be greater than 1000 mm for equipment maintenance.

3.3 Equipment Maintenance

Operations
3.3.1 Audio Alarm Check

Operation Purpose The audio alarms can attract the maintenance personnel’s atten-
tion more easily. Therefore, make sure that the equipment can
make sound for alarms normally in routine maintenance.
Operation Method Generate alarms manually.
For example, use EMS software to perform the Alarm Preload >
Reverse Preload operation to check the alarm sound.
Inspection Criteria When alarm occurs, the equipment cabinet and the column head
cabinet should be able to make sound for the alarm.
Troubleshooting 1. Check whether the ring trip switch is in the “Normal” state.
2. Check whether the ring trip cable is connected correctly.

40 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

3. If the alarms are output to the column head cabinet, check the
external alarm cable connection.

3.3.2 Cabinet Indicator Observation

Operation Purpose Cabinet indicator lights are used to monitor the operating status
of the equipment, and play an important role in the routine main-
tenance.
Regularly check if the indicator lights on the alarm panel of the
column head cabinet and the equipment work normally. Ensure
that the status of the indicator lights can properly indicate the
alarm occurrences and levels.
Operation Method Observe the status of the indicator lights on the top of the cabinet.
Inspection Criteria When the equipment works normally, only the green cabinet indi-
cator light on the cabinet is on. Table 16 describes the meanings
of the indicators.

TABLE 16 CABINET INDICATORS AND THE CORRESPONDING MEANINGS

Status
Indica-
Name
tor
On Off

A critical alarm occurs

No critical
Red Critical alarm in the equipment,
alarm in the
light indicator usually with an audio
equipment.
alarm.

No major
Orange Major alarm A major alarm occurs
alarm in the
light indicator in the equipment.
equipment.

No minor
Yellow Minor alarm A minor alarm occurs
alarm in the
light indicator in the equipment.
equipment.

Equipment
Green Equipment power
Power indicator power supply
light supply is normal.
is cut off.

Troubleshooting When the red and yellow indicator lights of the cabinet are on,
further check the board indicator lights, and notify the EMS opera-
tors at the central site in time to check the alarm and performance
message of the equipment.

3.3.3 Board Indicator Observation

Operation Purpose The status of the indicator lights on the top of the cabinet can
only indicate the latent faults of local equipment or the existing
faults of the opposite-side equipment. Therefore, further check
the board indicator lights to keep aware of the operating status of
the equipment after observing the cabinet indicator lights.
Operation Method Observe the status of the indicator lights of the board.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 41

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

Inspection Criteria Refer to the Board Indicator Status chapter.

Troubleshooting When the red/yellow indicator light of the board is on, notify the
EMS operators at the central site in time to check the alarm/per-
formance message of the equipment and board.

3.3.4 Mouseproof Bag Check

Operation Purpose Keep mouse away from the equipment.

Operation Method Check the mouseproof bag on the top and the bottom of the cab-
inet.
Inspection Criteria The mouseproof bag is not damaged.
Troubleshooting If the mouseproof bag is damaged, replace it as soon as possible.

3.3.5 Grounding Check

Operation Purpose The grounding fault will affect the normal operation of the equip-
ment or even damage the equipment. Hence, check the equipment
grounding devices periodically, especially in spring and autumn.
Operation Method Check if the grounding system is in good condition, and if the
grounding resistances meet the standard requirement.
Inspection Criteria � Grounding facility should meet the grounding requirement of
the engineering criterion. For further information, please refer
to the engineering criterion document.
� Grounding resistances meet the standard requirement.
Troubleshooting If the grounding facility is not in compliance with the requirement,
maintain the facility based on the engineering criterion require-
ment.

3.3.6 Service Inspection–Bit Error Test

Operation Purpose � Bit error characteristic test is a test on the long-term stable
running performance of the entire transmission network.
� Bit error test is used for system performance detection during
the equipment commissioning or channel performance detec-
tion during the equipment running.

Note:
During the routine maintenance, make periodical sampling test
on traffic channels, on condition that no current operating service
is affected, so as to check if the performances of all the traffic
channels are normal.

Operation Method Bit error test can be implemented by bit error tester or software
test. Generally, we can check channel performances via EMS.

42 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

When the network is faulty, adopt bit error tester to judge if the
channel performances are normal.
� In respect of idle traffic channels between two sites, the test
can be performed on the idle channels to test the traffic channel
quality between two sites.
� If there is no idle traffic channel between two sites, a traffic
channel originally used for protection can be temporarily dis-
connected, when the traffic is small, for accepting an error test
and checking the quality of traffic channels between the two
sites.
� If both of the above two circumstances are not applicable, use
the EMS software to query the service performance and alarms,
and make sure of the quality of traffic channels between the
two sites.
Inspection Criteria No bit error exists on any traffic channel.

3.4 Routine EMS Maintenance

3.4.1 User Management

Operation Purpose It is necessary to change the login password of the EMS users
periodically, and assign proper authorities to the EMS operators,
in order to
� prevent illegal access to the EMS software;
� ensure normal running of equipment;
� ensure service security.
Operation Method 1. Open the view of Security Management.

2. Select User Management in the left security tree to display

detailed user information.

3. Select Operation > Create User to pop up Create User di-

alogue box.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 43

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

4. Specify username and user password for EMS operation per-

sonnel in the Basic Information tab, and configure manage-
ment authority for each user in the Role tab.

Note:
EMS software provides five different roles, including supervi-
sor role, operator role, maintenance role, power user role and
administrator role. Each role has specific operation author-
ity. To modify the operation authority for each role, and add
new roles or delete roles, the administrator can select Role
Management under the security tree, and click Operation >
Modify Role.

5. Select User Management under the security tree, and click

Operation > Modify User to periodically modify the login
password for EMS maintenance personnel.

Note:
Since the system administrators possess all the operation au-
thorities, if they login to the EMS and perform any improper
operation, it may cause severe consequences. Therefore, in
routine maintenance, it is not recommended for the user to
log into the EMS as a system administrator. Instead, a system
monitor user should be created, and used to log into the EMS
for routine maintenance.

Inspection Criteria � The EMS operators should be able to log in to the EMS with an
assigned username, and have the assigned operation authori-
ties.
� The EMS operators should be able to change the login password
periodically.

44 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

Troubleshooting If the EMS operators have wrong operation authorities or cannot

change the password, they should request the system administra-
tor to check the user configuration data or reset the user authori-
ties and password.

3.4.2 EMS Connection

Operation Purpose Check the connection between the equipment and the EMS in Net-
Numen T31 EMS software.
The colors of NE icons can reflect the connection between the
equipment and the EMS, so that the EMS software can reflect run-
ning conditions of the equipment timely and accurately, and to en-
sure that the EMS software performs effective monitoring on the
equipment.
Operation Method Check the NE IDs in the view of Topology Management in Net-
Numen T31 EMS software.
Inspection Criteria The NE icon should be green representing the normal running, or
other colors representing for certain alarm levels.
� The grey NE icon indicates that the NE is offline or loses con-
nection with the EMS.
� The green NE icon indicates that the communication between
the NE and EMS is normal and there is no alarm.
� If the NE icon is in some color of certain alarm level, it indicates
that the communication between the NE and EMS is normal,
but alarm exists.
Troubleshooting To troubleshoot faults of EMS connections, please check the fol-
lowing points:
1. Check whether the network cable works normally, and whether
its type is correct (straight-through cable or crossover cable).
2. Check whether the network card of EMS computer is normal.
3. Check the network optical connection to ensure normal optical
connection between NEs.
4. Check whether the EMS configuration is normal.
5. Check whether NE configuration is normal.

3.4.3 Topology Map Monitoring

Operation Purpose In the NetNumen T31 EMS software, audible and visual alarms are
provided.
The user can monitor the running status of the current subnet and
NE through the navigation tree, topology map, NE icon and the
NE installation window; and can judge the alarm level through the
sound or color given with the alarm.
Operation Method In the view of Topology Management, check the NE icon in the
navigation tree and the topology map.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 45

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

Inspection Criteria � The NE icon should be green representing for normal running,
or other colors representing for certain alarm levels.
By default, the NE icon color indicates the highest level of
alarms. The default relationships between icon colors and
alarms are listed in Table 17.

TABLE 17 DEFAULT RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ICON COLORS AND

ALARMS

Alarm Level NE Icon Color

Critical alarm Red

Major alarm Orange

Minor alarm Yellow

Warning Purple

� If the status of NE is abnormal, a icon will be displayed

on the top of NE icon.
� The solid line between two NEs indicates that the optical con-
nection is normal. And the dotted line indicates that the optical
connection is broken.
Troubleshooting � When alarm indicator exists on the NE icon, query the alarm
details via Current Alarm dialogue box and Alarm Manage-
ment view.
� If the line indicative of the optical connection is a dotted line,
check the corresponding optical cable, fiber pigtail and con-
nected optical line board.
� If the NE icon is displayed abnormally, check connection and
communication between NE and EMS.
If EMS connection is faulty, check the lists as follows:
i. Check if network cables are normal, and if cable type
(straight-through cable or crossover cable) is correct.
ii. Check if the network adapter of the EMS computer is nor-
mal.
iii. Check optical connection of the network. Make sure that
optical connection between NEs is normal without any cir-
cuit problems.
iv. Check if EMS configuration data is normal.
v. Check if NE configuration data is normal.

46 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

Note:
The EMS software can perform monitoring and management only
on the NEs that are in a status of normal communication with the
EMS host.

3.4.4 Alarm Monitoring

Operation Purpose In the NetNumen T31 EMS software, the user can monitor the
alarm message of the NE; thus keep aware of the current working
status of the NE, and detect/handle the alarm message of the NE
in time.
Operation Method 1. In the client operation window of the NetNumen T31 EMS soft-
ware, open the Alarm Management view.

2. Select Query > Current Alarm, Query > History Alarm or

Query > Alarm Statistics to check alarm information.

Inspection Criteria � The NE has no current alarm message.

� The NE has no unconfirmed history alarm message.

3.4.5 Performance Monitoring

Operation Purpose In the NetNumen T31 EMS software, the user can monitor the
performance message of the NE; thus keep aware of the current
service performance of the NE, and detect/handle the performance
message of the NE in time.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 47

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

Operation Method 1. In the client operation window of the NetNumen T31 EMS soft-
ware, open the Performance Management view.

2. Select equipment resource or NMS resource to be queried on

the left side of the view.
3. Click Query to query detailed preformation information of se-
lected resource.
Inspection Criteria The NE has no performance over-threshold event.

3.4.6 Database Management

Operation Purpose In the NetNumen T31 EMS software, you can upload and compare
the data of the main control board, and check whether the data-
base of the main control board is consistent with the data stored
in the EMS database.
If it is not consistent, select the database to upload/download ac-
cording to the actual requirements, so as to make the database of
the main control board be consistent with the data stored in the
EMS database.
Operation Method 1. In the client operation window of the NetNumen T31 EMS soft-
ware, open the Topology Management view, and click an NE.
2. Choose Device Config > Data Synchronization to open the
Data Synchronization dialog box.

3. Click the Compare tab.

4. Select a single equipment resource, multiple equipment re-
sources, or all the resources in the Resource tree on the left
side of the Compare tab page.
5. Select data items to be uploaded in the Compare Item(s)
area.
6. Click Compare.
Inspection Criteria The database of the main control board should be consistent with
the data stored in the EMS database.

48 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

Troubleshooting

Caution:
It is risky to upload or download data, please be cautious.

Suppose the database of NE control board is not consistent with

the stored data in EMS database.
� If the data of the main control board is in compliance with the
user requirements, take the data in the main control board as
the basis.
Choose Device Config > Data Synchronization to open the
Data Synchronization dialog box. Click the Upload tab, se-
lect the data items to be uploaded, and then click Upload.
� If the data stored in the EMS database is in compliance with
the user requirements, take the data of EMS as the basis.
Choose Device Config > Data Synchronization to open the
Data Synchronization dialog box. Click the Download tab,
select the data items to be downloaded, and then click Down-
load.

3.4.7 Security Logs Query

Operation Purpose According to record content, the NetNumen T31 EMS log can be
classified into three categories: operation log, security log and
system log. software can record all the operations performed by
the user into the security log. Querying the security log periodi-
cally is to:
� Check if there is any illegal access.
� Check if there is any improper affecting the system running.
� Monitor running status of EMS.
Operation Method 1. In the view of Topology Management, select View > Log
Management to pop up Log Management dialogue box.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 49

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

2. Select Today Operation Log or All Operation Log to query

operation log.
3. Select Today Security Log or All Security Log to query se-
curity log.
4. Select Today System Log or All System Log to query system
log.
Inspection Criteria � No illegal login.
� No user operations affecting system operation or service func-
tions.
� No high level faults exist in the system log.
Take today operation log as an example.

Troubleshooting � When any illegal user or operation is found, use the user man-
agement function of the EMS software to check the user iden-
tity and the authority settings, and change the user password
in time.
� When any high-level fault exists in the system log, handle the
fault according to its “Detailed Information” recorded by EMS.

3.4.8 Report Printing

Operation Purpose With the printing function of the NetNumen T31 EMS software, the
user can print out the network configuration, user operation log,
equipment performance and alarm message.
The printed reports are a basis for operation/maintenance records
and network analysis.
Operation Method 1. In the client operation window of the NetNumen T31 EMS soft-
ware, open Topology Management view.
2. Select View > Report Management to pop up Report Man-
agement dialogue box.

50 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

3. Select the report to be output, click View Data to pop up the

corresponding data report.

4. Click icon to print the report.

Inspection Criteria Print reports normally.

3.4.9 Data Backup

Operation Purpose In the NetNumen T31 EMS software, database backup is primarily
used to copy and save the data of the Manager database.
In the network operation & maintenance, it is necessary to backup
the system data often so that the network data is quickly recov-
erable in case of network fault and EMS data loss.
Operation Method 1. In the view of System Management, expand Device Tree >
Database on the left side of the view.

2. Right-click database item under Database (such as

[email protected]:5000), and select Database Login to
pop up Database Login dialogue box.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 51

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

3. Input correct username and password, and click OK.

Note: By default, the username is sa, and the password

is blank.
4. After logging into the database successfully, select Backup
Restore > Backup to pop up Backup dialogue box.

5. Configure Data Type, File Name, File Directory, and click

Backup button to back up data.

Caution:
It is recommended to save the backup data in a mobile storage
device lest backup loss in case of hard disk fault of the EMS host.

Inspection Criteria Query the file with the same name as the backup file in the position
of backup file.

52 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

3.4.10 Data Restoration

Operation Purpose In case of network fault or EMS data loss, use the NetNumen T31
EMS software to recover the data that is backed up at the EMS
database side. The recovery implemented by the NetNumen T31
covers all the current data.
Operation Method 1. In the view of System Management, expand Device Tree >
Database on the left side of the view.

2. Right-click database item under Database (such as

[email protected]:5000), and select Database Login to
pop up Database Login dialogue box.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 53

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

3. Input correct username and password, and click OK.

Note: By default, the username is sa, and the password

is blank.
4. After logging into the database successfully, select Backup
Restore > Restore to pop up Restore dialogue box.
5. Configure File Name, File Directory, and click Restore but-
ton to restore data.

Inspection Criteria Recover the network data information.

Troubleshooting If the data can not be recovered since the version of backup data is
older than the current EMS version, it is recommended to upgrade
the EMS version.

54 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

3.4.11 Routine Maintenance Operation

in PTN Network

3.4.11.1 VLAN Tag Query

Operation Purpose The NetNumen T31 EMS software supports configuring the VLAN
(Virtual Local Area Network) mode.
With VLAN tags, network manager can logically divide the users
in the same physical LAN into different broadcast domains (each
broadcast domain refers to a VLAN) according to actual applica-
tion. Therefore, the users with the same requirements are in the
same broadcast domain, and the users with different requirements
are in different broadcast domains.
Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view of NetNumen T31 client,
right-click the NE to be operated and then choose Device Man-
ager in the shortcut menu to open the Device Manager dialog
box.

2. Double-click the NE to be operated in the Resource tree, then

click the board to be operated, for example, S1-48GE-RJ[0-
1-3].
3. In the Board Operation tree, choose Ethernet Config >
VLAN Tag to open the VLAN Tag dialog box.
Inspection Criteria The VLAN modes of the Ethernet ports of the S1-48GE-RJ board
are consistent with the configuration.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 55

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

3.4.11.2 NE Configuration File Management

Operation Purpose In the NetNumen T31 EMS software, you can periodically back up
the NE configuration files or send the backup configuration files to
the equipment.
Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view, right-click an NE, and
then choose Device Manager in the shortcut menu to open
the Device Manager dialog box.

2. Click the icon in the Resource tree.

3. In the NE Operation tree, choose Maintenance Manage-
ment > File Management > NE Configure File Manage-
ment to open the NE Configure File Management dialog
box.
4. Click the More Option tab and then configure parameters in
the More Option tab page according to the actual require-
ments.

5. Click Backup Configuration File to back up the NE configu-

ration file.

56 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

Inspection Criteria The file name, last modified time, and file length are displayed in
the Backup File tab page.

3.4.11.3 Version Update Rollback Management

Operation Purpose The NetNumen T31 EMS software supports the function of version
update rollback.
After updating software version in the equipment, if the system is
unstable, or the update version is incorrect, users can utilize the
function of version update rollback to restore the system software
to the previous version. The update mode can be classified into
“TryRun” and “NotTryRun”.
� “TryRun”: when the software version has been running for 30
minutes after being delivered, if the user can not activate this
version, and then the system will automatically restore the
software to the previous version.
� “NotTryRun”: if the software version is already sent to the
equipment, this version will be directly activated after reboot.

Note:
It is necessary to prepare .bak file in advance for the operation of
version update rollback.

Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view, right-click an NE, and

then choose Device Manager in the shortcut menu to open
the Device Manager dialog box.

2. Click the icon in the Resource tree.

3. In the NE Operation tree, choose Maintenance Manage-
ment > File Management > Version Update Rollback to
open the Version Update Rollback dialog box.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 57

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

4. Configure the IP address, username, password and file path of

the FPT server to which software version belongs.
5. After configuration, click set FTP to issue the FTP configuration
information to NEs.
6. Click downloadToNE to download the software version file to
NEs.
7. Click Reload to make the downloaded software file effective.
8. If TryRun is selected as the mode of Next Run, new soft-
ware version automatically runs for 30 minutes in test running
mode. If the user does not click Active in 30 minutes, the
software version will return to the original version automati-
cally after 30 minutes, or upgrade to the new version.
Inspection Criteria A message prompts that the configuration of new version update
rollback is successful.

3.4.11.4 OAM Query

Operation Purpose NetNumen T31 EMS software provides OAM mechanism of alarm
detection and performance monitoring for transmission paths of
T-MPLS layers. It includes OAM methods at T-MPLS section layer,
tunnel layer, and PW layer.
With the facilitation of OAM mechanism, the NetNumen T31 EMS
software guarantees normal, secure, and effective running of net-
work and services.
Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view, right-click an NE, and
then choose Device Manager in the shortcut menu to open
the Device Manager dialog box.

58 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Chapter 3 Routine Maintenance

2. Click the icon in the Resource tree.

3. In the NE Operation tree, choose PTN Config > OAM Config
> T-MPLS OAM Config to open the T-MPLS OAM Config
dialog box.
4. Click the MEG, MEP, MIP, DM, or LM tab to display the cor-
responding tab page.
Inspection Criteria If OAM mechanism is already established, the corresponding OAM
mechanism is displayed in the MEG, MEP, MIP, DM, or LM tab
page.
Take the MEG tab page as an example.

3.4.11.5 System Information Query

Operation Purpose NetNumen T31 EMS software provides the function of system in-
formation query, to facilitate users understanding various informa-
tion about EMS software, such as system name, version, normal
running time, contacts.
Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view, right-click an NE, and
then choose Device Manager in the shortcut menu to open
the Device Manager dialog box.

2. Click the icon in the Resource tree.

3. In the NE Operation tree, choose Common Config > system
config to open the System Config dialog box.
Inspection Criteria In the System Config dialog box, the displayed system informa-
tion should be consistent with the configured system information.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 59

ZXCTN System Routine Maintenance Training Manual

3.4.11.6 ARP Attribute of IP Interface

Operation Purpose To map the IP address to the physical address and ensure smooth
communication, the NetNumen T31 EMS software provides ARP
(Address Resolution Protocol) configuration function for NE, Eth-
ernet port, and IP interface.
This function maintains ARP table, limits the entries of ARP table,
and protects the number of ARP entries from over-expansion.
Operation Method 1. In the Topology Management view, right-click an NE, and
then choose Device Manager in the shortcut menu to open
the Device Manager dialog box.

2. Click the icon in the Resource tree.

3. In the NE Operation tree, choose PTN Config > Interface
Config > ARP Config to open the ARP Config dialog box.
Inspection Criteria The configured ARP table is displayed in the ARPTable tab page.

60 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION

 Glossary

AIS
Alarm Indication Signal
APS
Automatic Protection Switching
ARP
Address Resolution Protocol
MODEM
Modulator-Demodulator
MSP
Multiplex Section Protection
NTP
Network Time Protocol
OAM
Operation, Administration and Maintenance
ODF
Optical Distribution Frame
PDH
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
T-MPLS
Transport Multi-Protocol Label Switching
TMP
T-MPLS Path
TMS
T-MPLS Section
VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 61