International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Review of Impact of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana

On Various Sectors
Ajesh Pilaniya1, Gaurav Shivdas2, and Ashwin Mahajan3
1
Student, M.B.A-Project and Construction Management, MIT College of Management, Pune, India.
2
Student, M.B.A-Project and Construction Management, MIT College of Management, Pune, India.
3
Student, M.B.A-Project and Construction Management, MIT College of Management, Pune, India.

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Abstract – India is a country where 70% of its population
lives in rural areas. For such a large country and as a
developing and emerging economy, road network plays a 1.1 Objectives
very crucial role. Our objective is to summarize the various impact
Also, the agricultural sector is important for India’s growth. assessment carried out by govt. and standalone
Therefore, aiming to connect all the villages of India by all- researchers. On a single platform.
weather road network, PMGSY was launched by the central
government lead by Mr. Atal Bihari Vajpayee in December 2. Impact on Agriculture Sector
2000. PMGSY has resulted in tremendous success and 2.1 Accessibility to Agricultural markets.
positive impact on population benefitted from the scheme. According to the study, PMGSY has resulted in better
82% of planned villages are connected by all-weather roads and quicker access to nearby markets. It has been observed
by Dec 2017. This review paper focusses on summarizing the that a significant reduction in travel time and cost has
impact of this scheme on sectors like Agriculture, happened.
HealthCare, and Education Sector.

Key Words: PMGSY, Impact Assessment, Healthcare,

Education, Agriculture.

1. INTRODUCTION
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna was launched
by the Central Govt. of India on 25 th December 2000. The
Table -1: Saving of Travel Time.
scheme aims to provide all-weather road connectivity in
2.2 Shifts in crop pattern
rural areas of the country. It is fully funded by central govt.
The study has revealed that the percentage of
which was later announced as funded by 60 %( central
cropped area under cereals has been reduced by 0.73% on
govt.) And 40 %( State Govt.). The PMGSY aims for new
average in the states in which this study was conducted.
construction and up gradation. Specific standards for
Jharkhand has seen the most significant change of 3%.
construction and up gradation have been specified under
These states have shown an increase of 5.26% in
PMGSY. The first priority is providing connectivity to the
percentage cropped area under fruits and vegetables due
unconnected Habitations. PMGSY aimed towards 2, 15,143
to connectivity and ease of access to nearby markets.
habitations, with a road length of 4, 70,858.50 km, and an
Other than this, a reduction of 12.53% cropped area under
expenditure of Rs. 140, 09,348.60 lakhs.
pulses has been shifted to cotton and onions.
PMGSY-II was introduced to consolidate the existing rural
2.3 Usage of Fertilizers and Improved Seeds.
road network. This proposed to cover during the 12th five-
The study has revealed that one-fourth of farmers
year plan period, 50,000 km road length by up gradation of
interviewed has increased the use of fertilizers. The
existing roads at an estimated cost of Rs 33,030 Cr. The
highest change was of 47% in U.P.
costs were to be shared between the Centre and
Almost 15% of farmer household reported having
States/UTs on 75:25 for the plains and 90:10 basis for the
increased the use of improvising use of seeds. PMGSY has
special areas.
resulted in a shift of trend to increased use of fertilizers
With effect from April 1, 2015, the costs of construction of
and seeds which has ultimately resulted in more yield.
all PMGSY roads are shared between the central
2.4 Access to Facilities and Services.
government and the states. While center: state ratio is
Better roads have helped farmer’s access
90:10 in respect of NE states and hill states of Himachal
important services and facilities. The results prove this
Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and Uttarakhand, it is 60:40
for other states.

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

claim when compared to control habitation which lacks maintained and not maintained. Though it was found that
the road infrastructure. the sample habitations also have a shortage of teaching
staff in the schools therein in the control habitations the
situation was found much worse. Almost all control
habitations have much less than the required number of
teachers and in most of the group discussions, it was
reported that poor connectivity is one of the major factors
for the same. 54% of the primary schools in sample
habitations have a PTR of more than 30 whereas almost
80% of the schools in control habitations have a PTR of
more than 30. Similarly, 25% upper primary schools in
Table -2: % farmers traveling outside. sample habitations were having PTR above 35 whereas, in
3. Impact on HealthCare Sector. the control habitations, the PTR was above 35 in almost
3.1 Reduction in travel time to reach the nearest facilities in 50% of the upper primary schools. As per a publication by
case of maternal emergencies National University of Educational Planning and
In the study conducted, 92% sample habitations has Administration (NUEPA) and Ministry of Human Resource
reported the saving in travel time to nearest facilities. 43% Development (MHRD), the overall PTR during 2013-14, at
have reported a reduction in time up to 30 minutes. 28% all India level was 25 students per teacher at primary level
has reported a reduction of 30 to 60 minutes and 23% has while at the upper primary level it was 17.4.
reported a reduction of more than 60 minutes.
4.2 All Season Connectivity of Education Facilities.
3.2 Child immunization and Health care.
Out of all sample areas under the study, 10% of
Efforts towards coverage of child health immunization areas are such that children have to travel to the nearby
has a significant impact due to better roads. It was village to reach an Anganwadi. Thus, all-weather roads
observed that children aged 5 years and below immunized under PMGSY has ensured less time to travel and fewer
was more by 11% compared to the period the road was efforts.
constructed. In one sample habitation each in Bihar, Jharkhand
3.3 Medical care during sickness and accidents. and Uttar Pradesh, the nearest Primary School is
connected by an all-weather road, rest of the habitations
Road infrastructure is important in cases of critical have at least one Primary School within the habitation.
sickness and accidents where immediate treatment is
Only in one control habitations of Rajasthan, children have
required and hence person has to be transported to longer
to travel outside the habitation to reach a Primary School
distances in some cases. In the areas of the survey, it was
found that only 50% of persons suffering serious injuries and the road condition was so bad that children have to
were being treated before the road was constructed. Now, travel on foot as there are no Vans/Buses plying on the
80% of patients suffering from critical illness and accidents road. 58% sample habitations and 65% of the control
being treated. habitations have a Secondary School within the
habitations and rests of the habitations are connected to
4. Impact on Education Sector. the nearest Secondary School by an all-weather road now.
4.1 Status of Education Facilities In the majority of the habitations, for higher
New road infrastructure has contributed to secondary education and colleges, the students have to
setting up of new Anganwadi center in rural areas. Out of travel outside the habitation and except one habitation
which 50% were set up after the construction of roads. Impact on Education in Jharkhand they have all-weather
Also, an increase in the number of schools in the sample road connectivity to reach these institutions.
states has been recorded.

Table -3: % habitants reported in the number of schools Table -4: Saving in travel time to reach the nearest higher
The Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) at primary and secondary school
upper primary schools has been significantly low in rural 3. CONCLUSIONS
areas. It was found that there was a significant difference
in the availability of a sufficient number of teaching staff in  Improved road connectivity in rural areas has
the schools in the habitations where the roads were impacted the cultivation choices and

© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2
 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

improvements in cropping patterns and shift in

trends in a positive manner.
 Roads have contributed significant saving in travel
time and costs to reach the markets in habitations BIOGRAPHIES
where roads were not maintained.
Ajesh Pilaniya
 Results indicate that places where roads were not Student of MBA in Project &
maintained, access to sourcing inputs and services Construction Management,
is weaker than places where roads are in good
MITCOM - MIT Art Design &
conditions.
Technology University, Pune
 Increase in ownership of Assets related to
agriculture seen hike due to the availability of good
infrastructure.
 Access to medical and healthcare facilities have
seen an increase in the number of beneficiaries Gaurav Balkrishna Shivdas
after the construction of all-weather rural roads. Student of MBA in Project &
 Visit of doctors and health workers was found to Construction Management,
be more frequent along with the employment of MITCOM - MIT Art Design &
those compared to places where road Technology University, Pune
infrastructure was poorly maintained.
 Increase in the number of schools after the
construction of rural roads.
 Pupil-Teacher Ratio (PTR) was found to be much Ashwin Avinash Mahajan
better in the schools where roads are better Student of MBA in Project &
maintained. Construction Management,
MITCOM - MIT Art Design &
 Reduction in travel time to schools after roads Technology University, Pune
were constructed is found to be much better than
their counterparts.

REFERENCES

[1] Rajesh Bhushan, IAS, Ministry of Rural Development,

GOI, “Impact Assessment Study of Improved Rural
Road Maintenance System under PMGSY”.
[2] NRRDA, Ministry of Rural Developments, “PMGSY-
Rural Roads Project, Environment and Social
Management Framework (Executive Summary)”,
November 2010
[3] National Rural Roads Development Agency (2011),
National Rural Roads Development Agency- Annual
Report 2010-2011, Ministry of Rural Development,
Government of India
[4] Ministry of Rural Development (2012), Pradhan
Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Programme Guidelines,
Government of India.

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