A MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND WORDS

USED IN SPORT COLUMN OF “THE JAKARTA POST”

NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED ON MARCH 2018

Angelia Jenita Tiara1, Budiman Th. Cicik Sophia2, Suwarti T. Sri3

English Education Study Program
Faculty of Language and Arts Education
University of PGRI Semarang
email: [email protected]
[email protected]

ABSTRACT

The objectives of the study were (1) to find out the compound words found
in sports column of The Jakarta Post newspaper, (2) to find out the processes of
compound words in sports column of The Jakarta Post newspaper, and (3) to find
out the types of compound words in sports column of The Jakarta Post newspaper.
The methodology of the research was qualitative research. The main source of this
research was the English newspaper entitled The Jakarta Post.
Some steps to analyze the data were reading the article in sports column of
The Jakarta Post newspaper, finding the compound words, collecting the data of
compound words found in tabular form, and identifying the processes and types of
compounding. The analysis results showed that (1) Compound words consisted of
compound noun, compound verb, and compound adjective. (2) The processes
consisted of a) 80 compound nouns (78,4%) with the division as follows; N + N =
N, V + N = N, N + V = N, ADJ + V = N, ADJ + N = N, PP + N = N, and V + PP =
N, b) 13 compound verb (12,8%) with the division as follows; V + N = V, V + PP =
V, and PP + V = V, c) 9 compound adjectives (8,8%) with the division as follows;
N + ADJ = ADJ, V + ADJ = ADJ, ADJ + PP = ADJ, V + N = ADJ, ADJ + N =
ADJ, and ADJ + V = ADJ. (3) The types of compound words found were
endocentric compound and exocentric compound.
Based on the results of this final project, the researcher suggests that this
research can contribute as a media in Morphology teaching.

Keyword: Morphology, Compound Word, Sport Column, Newspaper

INTRODUCTION

People try to communicate perfectly and completely. They want to give

information as much as they can to the other. One of them is a journalist. The
journalist tries to give perfect, complete and accurate information for people. The
accuracy of the article is determined by the sentences which refer to the word
structure that grammatical and structural. However, words structure and sentence
structure can lead to being ambiguous, even though they are grammatically correct.
People may have the different interpretation of the meaning of the word.
There are millions words used by people now. Every time people get more
and more new word unless they know the way it happened. Besides, the word form
has a deep relation with meaning. The meaning of the new word is influence by the
process of forming a word. This process usually called word formation process.
George Yule (2006) said that there are various of word formation process that
may occur in a word, one of them is compounding. Compounding has its own
regulated form. It is characterize by the systems which can determine some words
combined called as compound words. English compound words cover parts of
speech such as noun, adjective, and verb.
Some words in newspaper have single word which actually composed from
two words that combined into one word, called compound word. This set of words
is the focus of the present study.
Apart from the concept of compound words, investigating the meaning of
compounds word in the newspaper is the challenging topic since the compound
words are the creation word product of people and there is a process behind it. In
addition, newspapers provide many compound words forms and types which are
very helpful to the English Learner to collect and classify. Based on the explanation
above, the researcher is interested to conduct the research that is related to
compound words. This research focuses on processes and types of compound
words. Furthermore, this research entitled A Morphological Analysis of Compound
Words Used in Sport Column of “The Jakarta Post” Newspaper Published on
March 2018.

Statements of the Problems

Based on the background of the study which has explained above, the writer
states the problems as follows:
1. What are the compound words found in sports column of The Jakarta Post
newspaper published on March 2018?
2. What are the processes of compound words found in sports column of The
Jakarta Post newspaper published on March 2018?
3. What are the types of compound words found in sports column of The
Jakarta Post newspaper published on March 2018?

Objectives of the Study

Based on the statements of the problem above, the objectives of the study are:
1. To find out the compound words found in sports column The Jakarta Post
newspaper published on March 2018.
 2. To find out the processes of compound words in sports column of The
Jakarta Post newspaper published on March 2018.
3. To find out the types of compound words in sports column of The Jakarta
Post newspaper published on March 2018.

Significances of the Study

Based on my opinion, the significances of the study can be divided into four
aspects, as follows:
1. For English learners
This final project will be an alternative material source for English learners
who study about word formation, so that they will know more about
compound word, its meaning and what different of both words.
2. For English teacher
Hopefully, it can use as their reference in teaching English in order to
make students more understand about word formation especially
compound word.
3. For readers
The researcher expected this final project can enrich their knowledge about
compound word and the types of compounding.
4. For other researchers
It is expected that the other researcher will have understanding about word
formation especially for compound word and the types of compounding.
So, it can be graduating paper as a reference for further research about
compound words.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Morphology
Morphology as a part of linguistic study has a lot of definition from some
expert. According to Geert Booij (2005:4), he said in his book entitles “The
Grammar of Words” that Morphology is the sub discipline of linguistics that deals
with such patterns. He explained further that the existence of such patterns also
implies that words may have internal structure.
Word Formation
Based on George Yule (2006), he stated that there are various kind of word
formation process that may occur in a word. The explanation ofword formation
process is written below:
a. Coinage
Coinage is the invention of totally new term (Yule, 2006:53). The
most typical sources are invented trade names for one company’s products
that become general terms.
For example:
1) Kleenex (facial tissue) (Yule, 2006:53)
 2) Teflon (frying pan) (Yule, 2006:53)
b. Borrowing
Borrowing is the process of taking over words from other languages
(Yule, 2006:54). Throughout history, the English language has adopted a
vast number of loan-words from other languages.
For instance:
1) tycoon (Japanese) (Yule, 2006:54)
2) dope (Dutch) (Yule, 2006:54)
c. Compounding
Compounding is a process of joining two separate words to produce a
single form (Yule, 2006:54).
For example:
1) Fast food → fast (Adjective)+food (Noun) (Yule,2006:54)
2) Textbook → text (Noun)+ book (Noun) (Yule,2006:54)
From these example above, the elements making up a compound can all
typically occur as independent words elsewhere in the language.
d. Blending
Similar to compounding, this process combines two separate forms
to produce a single new term (Yule, 2006:55). It takes only the beginning
of one word and joins it to the end of the other word that is typically
blending.
For instance:
1) smog is from smoke and fog (Yule, 2006:55)
2) brunch is from breakfast and lunch (Yule, 2006:55).
e. Clipping
Clipping is a process of reducing some elements in a word, which
occurs when a word of more than one syllable is reduced to a shorter form
(Yule, 2006:55).
For example:
1) ad (advertisement) (Yule, 2006:55)
2) flu (influenza) (Yule, 2006:55).
3) Paperclipped from ‘newspaper’
4) Magclipped from ‘ magazine’
f. Back Formation
Back Formation is a process that reduces a word of one type
becomes a word of another type (Yule, 2006:56).
For example:
1) donate is from donation (Yule, 2006:56)
2) worker is from work (Yule, 2006:56)
g. Conversion
Conversion is the process of forming words without changing the
form of input word that function as base.
For example:
 1) We bottled the home (Yule, 2006:56)
h. Derivation
Derivation is the accomplished process by means of a large number
of affixes of English language which are not usually given separate listings
in dictionaries (Yule, 2006:57).A few example are the elements un-, mis-,
-ful, - less which appear in unhappy, misrepresent, joyful, careless.
For example:
1) Negative Prefix un- →Unhappy (Yule, 2006:57) mis-
→Misrepresent (Yule, 2006:57)
2) Suffix changes the word class (noun → adjective) -ism
→Terrorism (Yule, 2006:57) -ish→ Boyish (Yule, 2006:57)
i. Multiple Processes
Multiple processes are the operation of more than one process in the
creation of a particular word (Yule,06:58). It is necessary for the language
users to make their own innovative words by using two or more formation
processes.
For example:
1) deli is from Germany → Borrowing (Yule, 2006:58) Deli
(delicatessen) → clipping
Compound Word
According to Ingo Plag (2003), he explained that compounding is the
combination of two words to form a new word. From the statement above,
compounding is a process which combines two or more words which already exist
to form a new word. A compound is a new word created by the word formation
process of compounding. The combination of some that word creates a meaning of
a word which is easier to comprehend, for example, eyeglasses and post office. But
there are also some of them which create a new meaning. For example, pigtail
(kuncir rambut), the meaning of pigtail itself is not the real meaning that is the tail
of a pig.
The other opinion came from Francis Katamba (2005:49), compound word is
formed by combining two bases, which may be words in their own right, to form a
new lexical item. it means compounding is the process to combining two bases or
three to form a new meaning of words.
Process of Compound Word
According to Katamba (2005:49), he said in his book entitles “English Word”
that there are three method of forming new lexical item to use compounding, i.e.
process of compound noun, process of compound verb, and process of compound
adjective.
Types of Compound Word
Martin and Andrea in their book entitled “Understanding Morphology”
(2010), devides types of compounding into two types of compound words based on
the different semantic relations between the head and modifier(s), they are
endocentric compounds and exocentric compounds.
 METHOD OF THE RESEARCH

In this research the writer used "Descriptive Qualitative Research".

Descriptive method is a kind of qualitative research of which the data was in the
form of written and oral word. In another word, qualitative research has a number
of the method. One of them was descriptive qualitative method.
In this research, the researcher is the observer. In descriptive qualitative
research, the researcher is the instrument
This research used The Jakarta Post newspaper as the object. The writer
chose the sample object of The Jakarta Post newspaper, one edition at first week,
one edition at second weed, one edition at third week and one edition at fourth
week in March 2018. In this research, the researcher is the observer. In descriptive
qualitative research, the researcher is the instrument.

RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

Research Findings
The result of analyzing compound words found in sports column of “The
Jakarta Post” newspaper published on March 2018 was reported here. Furthermore,
the researcher found 102 (one hundred and two) compound words. From 102
compound words, the compound words found were compound noun, compound
verb, and compound adjective.
The writer analyzed the processes of compound words i.e. compound noun,
compound verb, and compound adjective used in sports column in “The Jakarta
Post” newspaper published on March 2018. Then the writer identified the processes
were mostly used in this sports column. For example; the compound word
nickname was formed through the process nick (N) + name (N) which results in the
formation of new words is nickname (N). Therefore, nickname include compound
noun.
In short, the research finding of processes of compound words described in
the table below:

Table 1
Percentage the Process of Compound Noun Found in Sports Column of
The Jakarta Post Newspaper

Total
Processes of Compound Noun
Sum Percentage
Noun + Noun = Noun 38 47,5%
Verb + Noun = Noun 6 7,5%
Noun + Verb = Noun 6 7,5%
Adjective + Verb = Noun 1 1,25%
Adjective + Noun = Noun 15 18,75%
Preposition +Noun = Noun 3 3,75%
Verb +Preposition = Noun 11 13,75%
80 100%
Total Percentage of Compound Noun 78,4%

Table 2
Percentage the Processes of Compound Verb Found in Sports Column of
The Jakarta Post Newspaper

Total
Processes of Compound Verb
Sum Percentage
Verb + Noun = Verb 1 7,7%
Preposition + Verb = Verb 3 23,1%
Verb + Preposition = Verb 9 69,2%
13 100%
Total Percentage of Compound Verb 12,8%

Table 3
Percentage the Process of Compound Adjective Found in Sports Column of
The Jakarta Post Newspaper

Total
Processes of Compound Adjective
Sum Percentage
Noun + Adjective = Noun 2 22,2%
Verb + Adjective = Adjective 1 11,1%
Adjective + Preposition = Adjective 1 11,1%
Verb + Noun = Adjective 1 11,1%
Adjective + Noun = Adjective 3 33,3%
Adjective + Verb = Adjective 1 11,1%
9 100%
Total Percentage of Compound Verb 8,8%

The table above describes the total percentage of compound words

processes i.e. compound nouns, compound verbs and compound adjectives which
were found in sport column of The Jakarta Post newspaper published on March
20018. From 102 data found, compound noun is the most kind of compound word
found in this newspaper. The percentage of compound noun occurrence for about
78,4%, compound verb 12,8%, and the last compound adjective 8,8.
 The researcher will analyzed the types of compound word used in sports
column of “The Jakarta Post” newspaper published on March 2018. The analysis of
each word was taken from Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary Third Edition
(1974). Then, the researcher identified which types were mostly used in this
newspaper. For example; the types of compound word chairman.

chairman (N)

chair (V) man (N)

The compound word chairman comes from the words chair (V) and man
(N). The meaning of chair is be in charge of a committee or a meeting, while man
is human being; a person either male or female. Thus, chairman is understood as a
person in charge of a committee. Based on the types, it is classified as Endocentric
Compound, because this compound has man as the head, and chair as the modifier.
In this case, man is modified by chair. So, it created a compound chairman which
the meaning is restricted by the modifier that understood as chairman is a kind of
man.

Table 4
Total Percentage of Endocentric Compound and Exocentric Compound from
the Whole Data
Types of Compound Word Total Percentage
Endocentric Compound 65 63,7%
Exocentric Compound 37 36,3%
102 100%

Table 5 above describes the total percentage of compound words types i.e.
endocentric compound and exocentric compound were found in sport column of
The Jakarta Post newspaper published on March 20018. From 102 data found,
endocentric compound is the most dominant type were found in this newspaper.
The percentages of endocentric compound occurrence for about 63,7% and
endocentric compound for about 36,3%.

Discussions
Compounding was the kind of word formation process which often
appeared in the sports column of “The Jakarta Post” newspaper. That proved from
the results of analysis conducted by the researcher who found compound noun,
compound verb, and compound adjective.
 The writer of “The Jakarta Post” newspaper prefer to used compound nouns
rather than compound verbs or compound adjectives to make a news sentences in
sport column which often appear in sports such as world cup, jump shot, and red
card. It was compound nouns when viewed from the process of compound word.
That’s why compound nouns process became a dominant process.
The writer of “The Jakarta Post” newspaper often used an endocentric type to
develop his ideas into sentences in sport column of newspaper because he wanted
to further deepen the meaning of the sentence in his sports article. Therefore,
endocentric compound was the dominant type in sport column of "The Jakarta
Post" newspaper.
This English newspaper can contribute to teaching Morphology. The lecturer
can used English newspaper as a media for Morphology teaching especially the
material about compounding.

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Conclusion
After analyzing the newspaper, the researcher makes the conclusion based on
the statements of the problem as follows:
1. Compound words found in “The Jakarta Post” newspaper were compound
noun, compound verb, and compound adjective.
2. The processes of compound words found in “The Jakarta Post” newspaper
were compound noun with the division as follows; N + N = N, V + N = N,
N + V = N, ADJ + V = N, ADJ + N = N, PP + N = N, and V + PP = N,
compound verb with the division as follows; V + N = V, V + PP = V, and
PP + V = V and compound adjective such as; N + ADJ = ADJ, V + ADJ =
ADJ, ADJ + PP = ADJ, V + N = ADJ, ADJ + N = ADJ, and ADJ + V =
ADJ.
3. The types of compound words found in “The Jakarta Post” newspaper were
endocentric compound and exocentric compound.

Suggestions
Based on the explanation above, the researcher would like to present some
suggestions related to the analysis in this study that might be useful for literature
teaching. The suggestions are follows:
1. For English learners
They can be used English newspaper to learn about compounding.
2. For English teacher
Hopefully, this research finding can be used as their reference in teaching
English in order to make students more understand about word formation
especially compound word.
3. For readers
The researcher expected this final project can enrich their knowledge about
compound word and the types of compounding.
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