READING AND GRAMMAR

Reading and Grammar Section Instructions

This section of the test focuses on your ability to use English grammar and to understand written English.
There are 50 questions in this part of the test. They are numbered 51 to 100.

You will have 65 minutes to complete the entire section. Try to answer all questions. You may answer the
questions in any order you wish.

Each question has only one correct answer. Choose the best answer to the question from the choices
printed in the test booklet, and mark your answer on side 2 of the separate answer sheet. You should
mark A, B, C, or D. Do not make any stray marks on your answer sheet. If you change your mind about an
answer, erase your first mark completely. If you are not sure about an answer, you may guess.

You may begin now.

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 GRAMMAR

51. If you hadn’t helped with the assignment, I 57. The costumes for the upcoming theater performance
working on it for hours. are complete.
A. could be A. almost
B. might have been B. soon
C. ought to have been C. yet
D. might be D. far

52. Mike enjoys his coworkers on Monday 58. The company is not doing poorly; , profits
mornings. actually rose last year.
A. catching up A. under no circumstances
B. catching up with B. apart from this
C. with catching up C. on the contrary
D. catching him up D. despite this

53. I’ll put the box on the seat between you and . 59. Students who study daily high levels of
A. I academic success.
B. me A. are capable of achieving
C. my B. are capable to achieve
D. mine C. capability of achieving
D. capability to achieve
54. The Himalayan mountains are believed
about 50 million years ago. 60. Matthew owns two computers, but he wants
A. to have been formed to buy .
B. that were formed A. another
C. forming B. other one
D. to form C. some more of
D. other
55. It is very appropriate that Mary won the award for
student paper. 61. Some people are more concerned about the
A. a better budget cuts.
B. better A. they are than others
C. the best B. other than
D. best of C. than others
D. other than them

56. All access to clean, safe drinking water.

A. people should
B. people should have
C. should have people
D. should people have

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 GRAMMAR

62. Even though the race participants maps, 67. Jonathan chose City University because
some of them still got lost. they have an excellent engineering program.
A. has A. he studied at
B. did B. to study at
C. do have C. studying
D. did have D. studying for

63. There’s a huge convention in Chicago this weekend, 68. If my colleagues had wanted my opinion, they
so I’d rather visit . it.
A. anyplace A. would have asked for
B. where else B. would have asked
C. somewhere else C. have asked about
D. other place D. had asked

64. Seldom ever strike in the same place twice. 69. The children did a survey and found more people
A. for lightning to prefer cats dogs.
B. lightning did A. versus
C. that lightning will B. to
D. does lightning C. for
D. above
65. Javier told his group to the project while he
was away. 70. The class is difficult, but those will
A. keep him company for learn a lot.
B. get him in touch with A. which make it out
C. keep him posted on B. who take it over
D. get hold of him to C. who see it through
D. that save it up
66. movie is my favorite.
A. This
B. Those
C. These
D. Theirs

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 READING

This passage is about world’s fairs. 71. According to the passage, what happened at early
world’s fairs?
Elevators, telephones, televisions—crowds marveled A. Popular products were sold.
at these scientific wonders when they were introduced.
B. Entertaining shows were performed.
These inventions may now be used by millions of people
C. Scientific theories were tested.
on a daily basis, but once they were found exclusively
D. Technological advances were displayed.
at world’s fairs.
Early world’s fairs in the 1800s captivated audiences,
72. Why does the author mention London’s 1851 and
exposing them to the latest ideas within distinctive and
Chicago’s 1893 fairs in paragraph 2?
impressive structures. Significant examples are London’s
Great Exhibition of 1851, housed within a “Crystal Palace,” A. to illustrate the visual appeal of old fairs
a massive temporary glass building supported by a cast B. to explain how world fair locations were chosen
iron frame, and Chicago’s World’s Columbian Exposition C. to suggest that fairs attracted wealthy audiences
of 1893 with its over two-hundred buildings and structures D. to show where some fair items were invented
erected specifically for the fair in neoclassical architectural
style, including fountains reminiscent of those in Rome. 73. In the second sentence of paragraph 2, what does
These fairs served as educational forums, gathering people the phrase reminiscent of mean?
from around the globe to share new developments and
A. similar to
witness progress.
B. visible in
In the 1900s, with New York’s 1939–1940 fair themed C. relevant to
“Building the World of Tomorrow,” world’s fairs took D. distant from
on a new role—that of addressing global issues. While
technological advances remained an important feature
of those events, audiences began to see world’s fairs 74. What is the purpose of paragraph 3?
as a means to support cross-cultural dialogue and the A. to discuss the influence of technology on society
exchange of possible solutions to social and political B. to describe a world issue in the 1900s
conflict. In harmony with this purpose, the highly C. to contrast the popularity of different fairs
successful Expo 67, held in Montreal, Canada, featured the D. to introduce an additional aim of fairs
United Nations—an international organization whose stated
mission is to achieve world peace—alongside the dozens
75. According to the passage, how was Expo 2010
of countries participating in the exhibition.
similar to previous world’s fairs?
Today, many people communicate their opinions over A. It made political issues evident.
the Internet, and this virtual world has largely reduced the B. It introduced new inventions.
need to meet as a group within one physical space. It has C. It focused on entertainment.
not, however, diminished the visceral desire to see the
D. It started a new social movement.
future with our own eyes and touch it with our hands, nor
has it suppressed that social compulsion to exhibit our
achievements. Thus, at Expo 2010 in Shanghai, China,
people gathered once again to witness the unveiling of
awe-inspiring machines. Perhaps one day they will become
familiar to all of us.

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 READING

This passage is about Jupiter’s Great Red Spot. 76. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Jupiter’s weather patterns
The Great Red Spot is a massive storm that has been
B. characteristics of Jupiter’s largest storm
active on Jupiter for centuries. About 20,000 kilometers
C. changes in Jupiter’s atmosphere
in length and 12,000 kilometers wide, the Great Red Spot
D. various types of storms on Jupiter
has captured the attention of scientists and amateur
astronomers alike. Its name is derived from the distinct
red color associated with the area, although it appears 77. In the first paragraph, why does the author mention
much paler in places, with colors ranging from dark red hurricanes?
and pinkish tones to almost white. Similar to hurricanes A. to illustrate the difficulty of predicting weather
on Earth, the storm’s strong winds blow in a circular B. to compare storms on Jupiter and Earth
motion. However, unlike hurricanes, which form around C. to explain what causes strong winds
low-pressure areas, the Great Red Spot has a high- D. to show the importance of studying
pressure system. Due to its location in Jupiter’s southern weather systems
hemisphere, its winds blow in a counter-clockwise direction
and can reach up to 644 kilometers per hour—almost twice
as strong as the top hurricane winds recorded on Earth. 78. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. Jupiter’s smaller storms need further
The Great Red Spot remains a source of mystery and
scientific study.
fascination. No one knows for sure what causes the
B. The Great Red Spot was ignored by scientists
storm’s reddish color. One theory suggests the strong until recently.
winds kick up material buried deeper in the atmosphere,
C. Storms on Jupiter are very different from
and exposure to sunlight causes that material to take on storms on Earth.
the characteristic red tones. Reasons behind the storm’s D. Many questions remain about Jupiter’s
lengthy duration are also unclear. Some scientists think largest storm.
the Great Red Spot is constantly fed by smaller storms,
allowing it to continue endlessly, while others believe it may
be fueled by small drops of water or ammonia from below. 79. In the fourth sentence of paragraph 3, which word is
closest in meaning to concede?
Scientists have noted that the Great Red Spot’s shape
A. wonder
has evolved over time. Once long and thin like a sausage,
B. prove
it is now more of an oval shape, and scientists believe it
may become circular within a few decades. The storm also C. admit
appears to be slowly shrinking. As a result, researchers D. announce
concede the possibility that someday the Great Red Spot
could disappear entirely. However, the likelihood seems 80. What is the author’s opinion about the future of the
remote as it is still the largest and most powerful storm on Great Red Spot?
the planet—two to three times the size of the Earth. A. It will probably remain active.
B. Its color will become lighter.
C. Its shape will remain unchanged.
D. It will most likely get bigger.

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 READING

A C

Guitar Lessons Music’s Effects

Study rock, blues, or classical guitar. Psychologists have known for a long time that
Our teachers are experts who make music affects people’s feelings. James Kellaris,
learning fun while challenging you to
a psychology professor, has studied ways that
develop and grow as a musician.
music affects shopping. He says that playing the
Your teacher will design a lesson plan with
right kind of music can have positive effects for a
you based on your goals and interests.
Beginner, intermediate, and advanced level business.
instruction is available.
Kellaris has identified several effects that might
Recitals are held in the spring and are a
great opportunity for students to play in
help businesses decide what kind of background
front of an audience. Participation is music to play as their customers shop. Kellaris
optional but is highly recommended. found that fast music makes a crowded store
We will schedule your introductory lesson feel more crowded, and slow music makes an
with a teacher who matches your interests empty store feel lonely. Also, music with a faster
and needs!
tempo makes the time that customers are in the
Visit the Center store seem shorter. This might help store owners
today to sign up! because the more time customers are in a store,
the more likely they are to buy something. A related
effect happens when background music is played
to customers “on hold” on telephone lines. If
people hear fast music, they think their wait time is
B shorter than if they listen to slower music.

Did you know? Kellaris also investigated what styles of music

customers prefer while they are shopping or on
Research studies have shown
that music has a positive hold, and he found there are differences between
effect on children’s men and women. Women had the highest positive
academic performance. One reactions to jazz, followed by classical, while men
study found that high school most preferred classical, followed by jazz. Rock
students who played music was least preferred by both groups. Many
musical instruments scored
store owners say they pay close attention to their
higher on a test than their
peers who did not participate in band. customers and choose their music accordingly.

Other researchers have noted that young children

who studied music have an easier time understanding
some mathematical ideas. In one study, second
grade students who were given four months of
piano lessons did better on a fractions test than
the students who did not study piano. This could
be because their musical instruction taught them
the relationship between eighth, quarter, half, and
whole notes, and they were able to transfer
that understanding to the use of
fractions in other situations.
Studies such as these surely
prove that musical education
should be provided in all
schools, despite the cost
of hiring teachers and
buying instruments.

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 READING
Refer to page 20 when answering the questions below.

The following questions refer to section A. 86. According to the passage, what is the purpose of
81. What can be inferred about the guitar teachers? using background music?
A. They can play other instruments. A. to entertain customers
B. They have taught before. B. to make stores feel more inviting
C. They prefer to teach beginners. C. to make customers stay longer
D. They use the same lesson plans. D. to make customers feel less lonely

82. What should someone do who wants to take 87. According to the passage, what should store owners
guitar lessons? consider when deciding which type of music to play?
A. make an appointment with a teacher A. the type of products sold
B. prepare a lesson plan B. the number of phone calls received
C. go to the Grandville Music Center C. the gender of the customers
D. send in a registration form D. the size of the store

The following questions refer to section B. 88. According to the passage, how do people feel when
they hear slow music on the telephone?
83. Why did piano students do well on a fractions test?
A. They are more likely to buy something.
A. They listened to music while they studied. B. They think time is passing slowly.
B. The test used fractions in musical situations. C. They feel lonely.
C. They had studied the concept of fractions D. They think time is passing quickly.
in music.
D. They were also enrolled in a special math class.
89. What kind of music would be best to play in an
uncrowded women’s clothing store?
84. How does the author feel about musical education?
A. classical music
A. It is too expensive for schools.
B. rock music
B. It is an area that should be researched further. C. fast music
C. It is most important for young children.
D. slow music
D. It should be offered in all schools.

The following question refers to two or more sections.

The following questions refer to section C.
90. How could taking guitar lessons benefit children?
85. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. It could make them feel better.
A. Most customers like to listen to music
B. It could help them make friends.
while shopping.
C. It could teach them which kind of music is
B. Businesses can use music to influence
most popular.
their customers.
D. It could help them get better grades.
C. Men and women prefer different types of music.
D. Music has a positive effect on salespeople.

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 READING

A C
Centerville Cooks Present: The Great Spice Trade
Turmeric Time
Instructor: Noor Ali
Date and Time: Thursday, May 8 from 6–10 p.m.
Location: Centerville Community Center, Room 110

Students in this session will learn how to make a full

vegetarian meal consisting of several dishes made with
turmeric, the yellow spice that’s a key ingredient in
many South Asian dishes. In addition, the many health
benefits of this common spice will be introduced. Call
our office at 555-7890 for more details or to register.

Did you know some spices were once more valuable

than gold? Several thousand years ago the great spice
trade began in the Middle East and then spread to Asia,
Northeast Africa, and Europe. Spices like cinnamon,
ginger, pepper, and turmeric became popular for adding
flavor to food, covering strong odors, and making
medicines.

Initially, spices were transported via long land routes

between Asia and the Mediterranean. Middle Eastern
vendors controlled the trade, and were able to keep
prices high by never revealing where their goods actually
came from. They told stories of fighting off mythical
creatures to gather spices in order to make them seem
more valuable. These sellers essentially controlled the
B Turmeric’s Terrific Health Benefits trade until about the 1400s.
by Michael Jones
By the end of the fifteenth century, more countries had
Turmeric is a bright yellow spice with a slightly bitter developed advanced methods for traveling and trading
taste used to make both food and medicine. It adds via sea routes. This greatly expanded the spice trade
flavor or color to foods such as mustard, butter, and as many different groups sought to profit from these
cheese and is used widely in Indian cooking. It’s also valuable products. European rulers began sending
found in many medicines and helps prevent certain ships to search for spices of their own, which eventually
diseases and health problems. led to their discovery of the Americas. New modes
of transportation and an increased number of people
People have used this versatile spice for centuries. involved caused control over the trade to gradually shift
It’s sometimes taken to decrease stomach pain, or from a small number of traders to many, from different
put on cuts and burns to make skin heal faster. It can societies across Europe, Asia, and North Africa.
strengthen the body’s immune system, which may
prevent people from catching colds or getting the flu. During the Middle Ages, spices were still extremely
Research has also shown that turmeric can reduce the expensive. Traders regularly faced problems such as
risk of getting certain illnesses such as cancer, arthritis, robberies and shipwrecks, but their goods were so in
and diabetes. demand—and so profitable—that the benefits almost
always outweighed the risks. As people figured out
While not everyone enjoys the taste of turmeric by itself, how to grow spices in other parts of the world and
it’s easy to integrate into one’s diet. Turmeric gives a trade routes became easier to navigate, spices became
tasty kick to soup, vegetables, meat, or rice dishes. much more common. This caused prices to decrease
There’s no doubt that its nutritional and health benefits tremendously over time. It’s hard to believe how much
make this spice something people should regularly spices used to cost when considering how inexpensive
incorporate into their meals. and widespread they are nowadays.

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 READING

The following question refers to section A. The following questions refer to section C.
91. What is the main purpose of this text? 96. What is the main purpose of the article?
A. to introduce the benefits of a certain spice A. to describe the areas spices come from
B. to explain how to cook with a certain spice B. to describe how the spice trade changed
C. to describe a class over time
D. to give cooking advice C. to explain how spices were discovered
D. to explain why spices used to be so expensive

The following questions refer to section B.

97. Why does the author mention gold?
92. What does the author mention about mustard?
A. to introduce a surprising fact about spices
A. It can get its color from turmeric.
B. to describe the color of a certain spice
B. It has a strong flavor.
C. to tell what motivated the discovery of
C. It tastes similar to turmeric.
the Americas
D. It is a popular ingredient.
D. to explain how traders accepted payment

93. In paragraph 2, why does the author

98. In the second sentence of paragraph 3, what does
mention centuries?
This refer to?
A. to state when research on turmeric began
A. the discovery of the American continent
B. to indicate how long people have worked
B. the trade in spices
with turmeric
C. improved travel conditions
C. to predict when the popularity of turmeric
will decrease D. increased profits from valuable goods
D. to demonstrate that turmeric has long-lasting
health benefits 99. Why did power in the spice trade change so much
after the 1400s?
94. Why does the author mention the flu? A. New types of ships were created.
A. to show some risks associated with turmeric B. The demand for spices in Europe changed.
B. to give an example of turmeric in a medicine C. People from more places started selling spices.
C. to explain a benefit of turmeric D. Different varieties of spices were discovered.
D. to demonstrate how fast turmeric works
The following question refers to two or more sections.
95. How does the author feel about turmeric? 100. What would the author of section B probably
A. It is growing in worldwide popularity. recommend?
B. It is usually not effective. A. taking Noor Ali’s class
C. It should be used frequently. B. studying the history of the spice trade
D. It is better as a medicine than a spice. C. traveling the routes of the spice trade
D. becoming a vegetarian

End of the test.

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