UNIVERSITY OF PUNE

Logarithmic and Other Tables

(For Examination Purposes)

[Note : The junior supervisors are requested to collect the logtables from the candidates soon after the paper is over.]
 USEFUL CONSTANTS

I. Mathematical Constants :

π = 3.14159, √ π = 1.77245, log10 π = 0.49715,

1/π = 0.31831, e = 2.71828, log10 e = 0.43429,

log 10 = 2.30259, √ e = 1.64872, 1/e = 0.36788.

Euler’s Constant ( γ ) = 0.57722,

1 Radian = 57o.29578.

II. Physical Constants :

Velocity of light (c) = 2.9977 × 1010 cm. / sec.

Constant of gravitation (G) = 6.67 × 10–8 dynes. cm2 / gm2.

Planck’s constant (h) = 6.62 × 10–27 ergs. sec.

Charge on electron (e) = 4.80 × 10–10 e.s.u.

= 1.60 × 10–20 e.m.u.

Mass of electron at rest (m) = 9.11 × 10–28 gm.

Speciffic charge (e/m) = 5.27 × 1017 e.s.u. / gm.

= 1.76 × 107 e.m.u. / gm.

Boltzmann’s constant (k) = 1.38 × 10–16 ergs / deg.

Avogadro’s number (N) = 6.02 × 1028.

—————
 5

LOGARITHMS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
10 0000 0043 0086 0128 0170 5 9 13 17 21 26 30 34 38
0212 0253 0294 0334 0374 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
11 0414 0453 0492 0531 0569 4 8 12 16 20 23 27 31 35
0607 0645 0682 0719 0755 4 7 11 15 18 22 26 29 33
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
12 0792 0808 0864 0899 0934 3 7 11 14 18 21 25 23 32
0969 1004 1038 1072 1106 3 7 10 14 17 20 24 27 31
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
13 1139 1173 1206 1239 1271 3 6 10 13 16 19 23 26 29
1303 1335 1367 1399 1430 3 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 29
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
14 1461 1492 1523 1553 1584 3 6 9 12 15 19 22 25 28
1614 1644 1673 1703 1732 3 6 9 12 14 17 20 23 26
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
15 1761 1790 1818 1847 1875 3 6 9 11 14 17 20 23 26
1903 1931 1959 1987 2014 3 6 8 11 14 17 19 22 25
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
16 2041 2068 2095 2122 2148 3 6 8 11 14 16 19 22 24
2175 2201 2227 2253 2279 3 5 8 10 13 16 18 21 23
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
17 2304 2330 2355 2380 2405 3 5 8 10 13 15 18 20 23
2430 2455 2480 2504 2529 3 5 8 10 12 15 17 20 22
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
18 2553 2577 2601 2625 2648 2 5 7 9 12 14 17 19 21
2672 2695 2718 2742 2765 2 4 7 9 11 14 16 18 21
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
19 2788 2810 2833 2856 2878 2 4 7 9 11 13 16 18 20
2900 2923 2945 2967 2989 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 19
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
20 3010 3032 3054 3075 3096 3118 3139 3160 3181 3201 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 19
21 3222 3243 3263 3284 3304 3324 3345 3365 3385 3404 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
22 3424 3444 3464 3483 3502 3522 3541 3560 3579 3598 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 15 17
23 3617 3636 3655 3674 3692 3711 3729 3747 3766 3784 2 4 6 7 9 11 13 15 17
24 3802 3820 3838 3856 3874 3892 3909 3927 3945 3962 2 4 5 7 9 11 12 14 16

25 3979 3997 4014 4031 4048 4065 4082 4099 4116 4133 2 3 5 7 9 10 12 14 15
26 4150 4166 4183 4200 4216 4232 4249 4265 4281 4298 2 3 5 7 8 10 11 13 15
27 4314 4330 4346 4362 4378 4393 4409 4425 4440 4456 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 13 14
28 4472 4487 4502 4518 4533 4548 4564 4579 4594 4609 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14
29 4624 4639 4654 4669 4683 4698 4713 4728 4742 4757 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13

30 4771 4786 4800 4814 4829 4843 4857 4871 4886 4900 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 11 13
31 4914 4928 4942 4955 4969 4983 4997 5011 5024 5038 1 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 12
32 5051 5065 5079 5092 5105 5119 5132 5145 5159 5172 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12
33 5185 5198 5211 5224 5237 5250 5263 5276 5289 5302 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 12
34 5315 5328 5340 5353 5366 5378 5391 5403 5416 5428 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11

35 5441 5453 5465 5478 5490 5502 5514 5527 5539 5551 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11
36 5563 5575 5587 5599 5611 5623 5635 5647 5658 5670 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 10 11
37 5682 5694 5705 5717 5729 5740 5752 5763 5775 5786 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
38 5798 5809 5821 5832 5843 5855 5866 5877 5888 5899 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
39 5911 5922 5933 5944 5955 5966 5977 5988 5999 6010 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10

40 6021 6031 6042 6053 6064 6075 6085 6096 6107 6117 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
41 6128 6138 6149 6160 6170 6180 6191 6201 6212 6222 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
42 6232 6243 6253 6263 6274 6284 6294 6304 6314 6325 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
43 6335 6345 6355 6365 6375 6385 6395 6405 6415 6425 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
44 6435 6444 6454 6464 6474 6484 6493 6503 6513 6522 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

45 6532 6542 6551 6561 6571 6580 6590 6599 6609 6618 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
46 6628 6637 6646 6656 6665 6675 6684 6693 6702 6712 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8
47 6721 6730 6739 6749 6758 6767 6776 6785 6794 6803 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8
48 6812 6821 6830 6839 6848 6857 6866 6875 6884 6893 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8
49 6902 6911 6920 6928 6937 6946 6955 6964 6972 6981 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8
 6

LOGARITHMS—Contd.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 123 456 789

50 6990 6998 7007 7016 7024 7033 7042 7050 7059 7067 123 345 678
51 7076 7084 7093 7101 7110 7118 7126 7135 7143 7152 123 345 678
52 7160 7168 7177 7185 7193 7202 7210 7218 7226 7235 122 345 677
53 7243 7251 7259 7267 7275 7284 7292 7300 7308 7316 122 345 667
54 7324 7332 7340 7348 7356 7364 7372 7380 7388 7396 122 345 667
55 7404 7412 7419 7427 7435 7443 7451 7459 7466 7474 122 345 567
56 7482 7490 7497 7505 7513 7520 7528 7536 7543 7551 122 345 567
57 7559 7566 7574 7582 7589 7597 7604 7612 7619 7627 122 345 567
58 7634 7642 7649 7657 7664 7672 7679 7686 7694 7701 112 344 567
59 7709 7716 7723 7731 7738 7745 7752 7760 7767 7774 112 344 567
60 7782 7789 7796 7803 7810 7818 7825 7832 7839 7846 112 344 566
61 7853 7860 7868 7875 7882 7889 7896 7903 7910 7917 112 344 566
62 7924 7931 7938 7945 7952 7959 7966 7973 7980 7987 112 334 566
63 7993 8000 8007 8014 8021 8028 8035 8041 8048 8055 112 334 556
64 8062 8069 8075 8082 8089 8096 8102 8109 8116 8122 112 334 556
65 8129 8136 8142 8149 8156 8162 8169 8176 8182 8189 112 334 556
66 8195 8202 8209 8215 8222 8228 8235 8241 8248 8254 112 334 556
67 8261 8267 8274 8280 8287 8293 8299 8306 8312 8319 112 334 556
68 8325 8331 8338 8344 8351 8357 8363 8370 8376 8382 112 334 456
69 8388 8395 8401 8407 8414 8420 8426 8432 8439 8443 112 234 456
70 8451 8457 8463 8470 8476 8482 8488 8494 8500 8506 112 234 456
71 8513 8519 8525 8531 8537 8543 8549 8555 8561 8567 112 234 455
72 8573 8579 8585 8591 8597 8603 8609 8615 8621 8627 112 234 455
73 8633 8639 8645 8651 8657 8663 8669 8675 8681 8686 112 234 455
74 8692 8698 8704 8710 8716 8722 8727 8733 8739 8745 112 234 455
75 8751 8756 8762 8768 8774 8779 8785 8791 8797 8802 112 233 455
76 8808 8814 8820 8825 8831 8837 8842 8848 8854 8859 112 233 455
77 8865 8871 8876 8882 8887 8893 8899 8904 8910 8915 112 233 445
78 8921 8927 8932 8938 8943 8949 8954 8960 8965 8971 112 233 445
79 8976 8982 8987 8993 8998 9004 9009 9015 9020 9025 112 233 445
80 9031 9036 9042 9047 9053 9058 9063 9069 9074 9079 112 233 445
81 9085 9090 9096 9101 9106 9112 9117 9122 9128 9133 112 233 445
82 9138 9143 9149 9154 9159 9165 9170 9175 9180 9186 112 233 445
83 9191 9196 9201 9206 9212 9217 9222 9227 9232 9238 112 233 445
84 9243 9248 9253 9258 9263 9269 9274 9279 9284 9289 112 233 445
85 9294 9299 9304 9309 9315 9320 9325 9330 9335 9340 112 233 445
86 9345 9350 9355 9360 9365 9370 9375 9380 9385 9390 112 233 445
87 9395 9400 9405 9410 9415 9420 9425 9430 9435 9440 011 2 23 344
88 9445 9450 9455 9460 9465 9469 9474 9479 9484 9489 011 223 344
89 9494 9499 9504 9509 9513 9518 9523 9528 9533 9538 011 223 344
90 9542 9547 9552 9557 9562 9566 9571 9576 9581 9586 011 223 344
91 9590 9595 9600 9605 9609 9614 9619 9624 9628 9633 011 223 344
92 9638 9643 9647 9652 9657 9661 9666 9671 9675 9680 011 223 344
93 9685 9689 9694 9699 9703 9708 9713 9717 9722 9727 011 223 344
94 9731 9736 9741 9745 9750 9754 9759 9763 9768 9773 011 223 344
95 9777 9782 9786 9791 9795 9800 9805 9809 9814 9818 011 223 344
96 9823 9827 9832 9836 9841 9845 9850 9854 9859 9863 011 223 344
97 9868 9872 9877 9881 9886 9890 9894 9899 9903 9908 011 223 344
98 9912 9917 9921 9926 9930 9934 9939 9943 9948 9952 011 223 344
99 9956 9961 9965 9969 9974 9978 9983 9987 9991 9996 011 223 334
 7

ANTILOGARITHMS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
————————————————————————————————————————————————————
.00 1000 1002 1005 1007 1009 1012 1014 1016 1019 1021 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

.01 1023 1026 1028 1030 1033 1035 1038 1040 1042 1045 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.02 1047 1050 1052 1054 1057 1059 1062 1064 1067 1069 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.03 1072 1074 1076 1079 1081 1084 1086 1089 1091 1094 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.04 1096 1099 1102 1104 1107 1109 1112 1114 1117 1119 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

.05 1122 1125 1127 1130 1132 1135 1138 1140 1143 1146 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.06 1148 1151 1153 1156 1159 1161 1164 1167 1169 1172 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.07 1175 1178 1180 1183 1186 1189 1191 1194 1197 1199 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.08 1202 1205 1208 1211 1213 1216 1219 1222 1225 1227 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
.09 1230 1233 1236 1239 1242 1245 1247 1250 1253 1256 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3

.10 1259 1262 1265 1268 1271 1274 1276 1279 1282 1285 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
.11 1288 1291 1294 1297 1300 1303 1306 1309 1312 1315 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
.12 1318 1321 1324 1327 1330 1334 1337 1340 1343 1346 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
.13 1349 1352 1355 1358 1361 1365 1368 1371 1374 1377 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.14 1380 1384 1387 1390 1393 1396 1400 1403 1406 1409 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3

.15 1413 1416 1419 1422 1426 1429 1432 1435 1439 1442 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.16 1445 1449 1452 1455 1459 1462 1466 1469 1472 1476 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.17 1479 1483 1486 1489 1493 1496 1500 1503 1507 1510 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.18 1514 1517 1521 1524 1528 1531 1535 1538 1542 1545 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.19 1549 1552 1556 1560 1563 1567 1570 1574 1578 1581 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3

.20 1585 1589 1592 1596 1600 1603 1607 1611 1614 1618 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
.21 1622 1626 1629 1633 1637 1641 1644 1648 1652 1656 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
.22 1660 1663 1667 1671 1675 1679 1683 1687 1690 1694 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
.23 1698 1702 1706 1710 1714 1718 1722 1726 1730 1734 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
.24 1738 1742 1746 1750 1754 1758 1762 1766 1770 1774 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4

.25 1778 1782 1786 1791 1795 1799 1803 1807 1811 1816 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
.26 1820 1824 1828 1832 1837 1841 1845 1849 1854 1858 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
.27 1862 1866 1871 1875 1879 1884 1888 1892 1897 1901 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
.28 1905 1910 1914 1919 1923 1928 1932 1936 1941 1945 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.29 1950 1954 1959 1963 1968 1972 1977 1982 1986 1991 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

.30 1995 2000 2004 2009 2014 2018 2023 2028 2032 2037 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.31 2042 2046 2051 2056 2061 2065 2070 2075 2080 2084 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.32 2089 2094 2099 2104 2109 2113 2118 2123 2128 2133 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.33 2138 2143 2148 2153 2158 2163 2168 2173 2178 2183 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.34 2188 2193 2198 2203 2208 2213 2218 2223 2228 2234 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5

.35 2239 2244 2249 2254 2259 2265 2270 2275 2280 2286 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.36 2291 2296 2301 2307 2312 2317 2323 2328 2333 2339 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.37 2344 2350 2355 2360 2366 2371 2377 2382 2388 2393 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.38 2399 2404 2410 2415 2421 2427 2432 2438 2443 2449 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.39 2455 2460 2466 2472 2477 2483 2489 2495 2500 2506 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5

.40 2512 2518 2523 2529 2535 2541 2547 2553 2559 2564 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
.41 2570 2576 2582 2588 2594 2600 2606 2612 2618 2624 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
.42 2630 2636 2642 2649 2655 2661 2667 2673 2679 2685 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6
.43 2692 2698 2704 2710 2716 2723 2729 2735 2742 2748 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
.44 2754 2761 2767 2773 2780 2786 2793 2799 2805 2812 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6

.45 2818 2825 2831 2838 2844 2851 2858 2864 2871 2877 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.46 2884 2891 2897 2904 2911 2917 2924 2931 2938 2944 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.47 2951 2958 2965 2972 2979 2985 2992 2999 3006 3013 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.48 3020 3027 3034 3041 3048 3055 3062 3069 3076 3083 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
.49 3090 3097 3105 3112 3119 3126 3133 3141 3148 3155 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
 8

ANTILOGARITHMS—Contd.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 123 4 5 6 7 8 9

.50 3162 3170 3177 3184 3192 3199 3206 3214 3221 3228 112 3 4 4 5 6 7
.51 3236 3243 3251 3258 3266 3273 3281 3289 3296 3304 122 3 4 5 5 6 7
.52 3311 3319 3327 3334 3342 3350 3357 3365 3373 3381 122 3 4 5 5 6 7
.53 3388 3396 3404 3412 3420 3428 3436 3443 3451 3459 122 3 4 5 6 6 7
.54 3467 3475 3483 3491 3499 3508 3516 3524 3532 3540 122 3 4 5 6 6 7
.55 3548 3556 3565 3573 3581 3589 3597 3606 3614 3622 122 3 4 5 6 7 7
.56 3631 3639 3648 3656 3664 3673 3681 3690 3698 3707 123 3 4 5 6 7 8
.57 3715 3724 3733 3741 3750 3758 3767 3776 3784 3793 123 3 4 5 6 7 8
.58 3802 3811 3819 3828 3837 3846 3855 3864 3873 3882 123 4 4 5 6 7 8
.59 3890 3899 3908 3917 3926 3936 3945 3954 3963 3972 123 4 5 5 6 7 8
.60 3981 3990 3999 4009 4018 4027 4036 4046 4055 4064 123 4 5 6 6 7 8
.61 4074 4083 4093 4102 4111 4121 4130 4140 4150 4159 123 4 5 6 7 8 9
.62 4169 4178 4188 4198 4207 4217 4227 4236 4246 4256 123 4 5 6 7 8 9
.63 4266 4276 4285 4295 4305 4315 4325 4335 4345 4355 123 4 5 6 7 8 9
.64 4365 4375 4385 4395 4406 4416 4426 4436 4446 4457 123 4 5 6 7 8 9
.65 4467 4477 4487 4498 4508 4519 4529 4539 4550 4560 123 4 5 6 7 8 9
.66 4571 4581 4592 4603 4613 4624 4634 4645 4656 4667 123 4 5 6 7 9 10
.67 4677 4688 4699 4710 4721 4732 4742 4753 4764 4775 123 4 5 7 8 9 10
.68 4786 4797 4808 4819 4831 4842 4853 4864 4875 4887 123 4 6 7 8 9 10
.69 4898 4909 4920 4932 4943 4955 4966 4977 4989 5000 123 5 6 7 8 9 10
.70 5012 5023 5035 5047 5058 5070 5082 5093 5105 5117 124 5 6 7 8 9 11
.71 5129 5140 5152 5164 5176 5188 5200 5212 5224 5236 124 5 6 7 8 10 11
.72 5248 5260 5272 5284 5297 5309 5321 5333 5346 5358 124 5 6 7 9 10 11
73 5370 5383 5395 5408 5420 5433 5445 5458 5470 5483 134 5 6 8 9 10 11
.74 5495 5508 5521 5534 5546 5559 5572 5585 5598 5610 134 5 6 8 9 10 12
.75 5623 5636 5649 5662 5675 5689 5702 5715 5728 5741 134 5 7 8 9 10 12
.76 5754 5768 5781 5794 5808 5821 5834 5848 5861 5875 134 5 7 8 9 11 12
.77 5888 5902 5916 5929 5943 5957 5970 5984 5998 6012 134 5 7 8 10 11 12
.78 6026 6039 6053 6067 6081 6095 6109 6124 6138 6152 134 6 7 8 10 11 13
.79 6166 6180 6194 6209 6223 6237 6252 6266 6281 6295 134 6 7 9 10 11 13
.80 6310 6324 6339 6353 6368 6383 6397 6412 6427 6442 134 6 7 9 10 12 13
.81 6457 6471 6486 6501 6516 6531 6546 6561 6577 6592 235 6 8 9 11 12 14
.82 6607 6622 6637 6653 6668 6683 6699 6714 6730 6745 235 6 8 9 11 12 14
.83 6761 6776 6792 6808 6823 6839 6855 6871 6887 6902 235 6 8 9 11 13 14
.84 6918 6934 6950 6966 6982 6998 7015 7031 7047 7063 235 6 8 10 11 13 15
.85 7079 7096 7112 7129 7145 7161 7178 7194 7211 7228 235 7 8 10 12 13 15
.86 7244 7261 7278 7295 7311 7328 7345 7362 7379 7396 235 7 8 10 12 13 15
.87 7413 7430 7447 7464 7482 7499 7516 7534 7551 7568 235 7 9 10 12 14 16
.88 7586 7603 7621 7638 7656 7674 7691 7709 7727 7745 245 7 9 11 12 14 16
.89 7762 7780 7798 7816 7834 7852 7870 7889 7907 7925 245 7 9 11 13 14 16
.90 7943 7962 7980 7998 8017 8035 8054 8072 8091 8110 246 7 9 11 13 15 17
.91 8128 8147 8166 8185 8204 8222 8241 8260 8279 8299 246 8 9 11 13 15 17
.92 8318 8337 8356 8375 8395 8414 8433 8453 8472 8492 246 8 10 12 14 15 17
.93 8511 8531 8551 8570 8590 8610 8630 8650 8670 8690 246 8 10 12 14 16 18
.94 8710 8730 8750 8770 8790 8810 8831 8851 8872 8892 246 8 10 12 14 16 18
.95 8913 8933 8954 8974 8995 9016 9036 9057 9078 9099 246 8 10 12 15 17 19
.96 9120 9141 9162 9183 9204 9226 9247 9268 9290 9311 246 8 11 13 15 17 19
.97 9333 9354 9376 9397 9419 9441 9462 9484 9506 9528 247 9 11 13 15 17 20
.98 9550 9572 9594 9616 9638 9661 9683 9705 9727 9750 247 9 11 13 16 18 20
.99 9772 9795 9817 9840 9863 9886 9908 9931 9954 9977 257 9 11 14 16 18 20
 9

NATURAL SINES

Degrees Mean
0' 6' 12' 18' 24' 30' 36' 42' 48' 54' Differences
00.0 00.1 00.2 00.3 00.4 00.5 00.6 00.7 00.8 00.9 1 2 3 4 5
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
0 .0000 0017 0035 0052 0070 0087 0105 0122 0140 0157 3 6 9 12 15
1 .0175 0192 0200 0227 0244 0602 0279 0297 0314 0332 3 6 9 12 15
2 .0349 0366 0384 0401 0419 0436 0454 0471 0488 0506 3 6 9 12 15
3 .0523 0541 0558 0576 0593 0610 0628 0645 0663 0680 3 6 9 12 15
4 .0698 0715 0732 0750 0767 0785 0802 0819 0837 0854 3 6 9 12 15

5 .0872 0889 0906 0924 0941 0958 0976 0993 1011 1028 3 6 9 12 14
6 .1045 1063 1080 1097 1115 1132 1149 1167 1184 1201 3 6 9 12 14
7 .1219 1236 1253 1271 1288 1305 1323 1340 1357 1374 3 6 9 12 14
8 .1392 1409 1426 1444 1461 1478 1495 1513 1530 1547 3 6 9 12 14
9 .1564 1582 1599 1616 1633 1650 1668 1685 1702 1719 3 6 9 12 14

10 .1736 1754 1771 1788 1805 1822 1840 1857 1874 1891 3 6 9 12 14
11 .1908 1945 1942 1959 1977 1994 2011 2028 2045 2062 3 6 9 11 14
12 .2079 2096 2113 2130 2147 2164 2181 2198 2215 2232 3 6 9 11 14
13 .2250 2267 2284 2300 2317 2334 2351 2368 2385 2402 3 6 8 11 14
14 .2419 2436 2453 2470 2487 2504 2521 2538 2554 2571 3 6 8 11 14

15 .2588 2605 2622 2639 2656 2672 2689 2706 2723 2740 3 6 8 11 14
16 .2756 2773 2790 2807 2823 2840 2857 2874 2890 2907 3 6 8 11 14
17 .2924 2940 2957 2974 2990 3007 3024 3040 3057 3074 3 6 8 11 14
18 .3090 3107 3123 3140 3156 3173 3190 3206 3223 3239 3 6 8 11 14
19 .3256 3272 3289 3305 3322 3338 3355 3371 3387 3404 3 5 8 11 14

20 .3420 3437 3453 3469 3486 3502 3518 3535 3551 3567 3 5 8 11 14
21 .3584 3600 3616 3633 3649 3665 3681 3697 3714 3730 3 5 8 11 14
22 .3746 3762 3778 3795 3811 3827 3843 3859 3875 3891 3 5 8 11 14
23 .3907 3923 3939 3955 3971 3987 4003 4019 4035 4051 3 5 8 11 14
24 .4067 4083 4099 4115 4131 4147 4163 4179 4195 4210 3 5 8 11 13

25 .4226 4242 4258 4274 4289 4305 4321 4337 4352 4368 3 5 8 11 13
26 .4384 4399 4415 4431 4446 4462 4478 4493 4509 4524 3 5 8 10 13
27 .4540 4555 4571 4586 4602 4617 4633 4648 4664 4679 3 5 8 10 13
28 .4695 4710 4726 4741 4756 4772 4787 4802 4818 4833 3 5 8 10 13
29 .4848 4863 4879 4894 4909 4924 4939 4955 4970 4985 3 5 8 10 13

30 .5000 5015 5030 5045 5060 5075 5090 5105 5120 5135 3 5 8 10 13
31 .5150 5165 5180 5195 5210 5225 5240 5255 5270 5284 2 5 7 10 12
32 .5299 5314 5329 5344 5358 5373 5388 5402 5417 5432 2 5 7 10 12
33 .5446 5461 5476 5490 5505 5519 5534 5548 5563 5577 2 5 7 10 12
34 .5592 5606 5621 5635 5650 5664 5678 5693 5707 5721 2 5 7 10 12

35 .5736 5750 5764 5779 5793 5807 5821 5835 5850 5864 2 5 7 10 12
36 .5878 5892 5906 5920 5934 5948 5962 5976 5990 6004 2 5 7 9 12
37 .6018 6032 6046 6060 6074 6088 6101 6115 6129 6143 2 5 7 9 12
38 .6157 6170 6184 6198 6211 6225 6239 6252 6266 6280 2 5 7 9 11
39 .6293 6307 6320 6334 6347 6361 6374 6388 6401 6414 2 4 7 9 11

40 .6428 6441 6455 6468 6481 6494 6508 6521 6534 6547 2 4 7 9 11
41 .6561 6574 6587 6600 6613 6626 6639 6652 6665 6678 2 4 7 9 11
42 .6691 6704 6717 6730 6743 6756 6769 6782 6794 6807 2 4 6 9 11
43 .6820 6833 6845 6858 6871 6884 6896 6909 6921 6934 2 4 6 8 11
44 .6947 6959 6972 6984 6997 7009 7022 7034 7046 7059 2 4 6 8 10
 10

NATURAL SINES—Contd.

Mean
Degrees
0' 6' 12' 18' 24' 30' 36' 42' 48' 54' Differences
00.0 00.1 00.2 00.3 00.4 00.5 00.6 00.7 00.8 00.9 1 2 3 4 5
————————————————————————————————————————————————————
45 .7071 7083 7096 7108 7120 7133 7145 7157 7169 7181 2 4 6 8 10
46 .7193 7206 7218 7230 7242 7254 7266 7278 7290 7302 2 4 6 8 10
47 .7314 7325 7337 7349 7361 7373 7385 7396 7408 7420 2 4 6 8 10
48 .7431 7443 7455 7466 7478 7490 7501 7513 7524 7536 2 4 6 8 10
49 .7547 7558 7570 7581 7593 7604 7615 7627 7638 7649 2 4 6 8 9
50 .7660 7672 7683 7604 7705 7716 7727 7738 7749 7760 2 4 6 7 9
51 .7771 7782 7793 7804 7815 7826 7837 7848 7859 7869 2 4 5 7 9
52 .7880 7891 7902 7912 7923 7934 7944 7955 7965 7976 2 4 5 7 9
53 .7986 7997 8007 8018 8028 8039 8049 8059 8070 8080 2 3 5 7 9
54 .8090 8100 8111 8121 8131 8141 8151 8161 8171 8181 2 3 5 7 8
55 .8192 8202 8211 8221 8231 8241 8251 8261 8271 8281 2 3 5 7 8
56 .8290 8300 8310 8320 8329 8339 8348 8358 8368 8377 2 3 5 6 8
57 .8387 8396 8406 8415 8425 8434 8443 8453 8462 8471 2 3 5 6 8
58 .8480 8490 8499 8508 8517 8526 8536 8545 8554 8563 2 3 5 6 8
59 .8572 8581 8590 8599 8607 8616 8625 8634 8643 8652 1 3 4 6 7
60 .8660 8669 8678 8686 8695 8704 8712 8721 8729 8738 1 3 4 6 7
61 .8746 8755 8763 8771 8780 8788 8796 8805 8813 8821 1 3 4 6 7
62 .8829 8838 8846 8854 8862 8870 8878 8886 8804 8902 1 3 4 5 7
63 .8910 8918 8926 8934 8942 8949 8957 8965 8973 8980 1 3 4 5 6
64 .8988 8996 9003 9011 9018 9026 9033 9041 9048 9056 1 3 4 5 6
65 .9063 9070 9078 9085 9092 9100 9107 9114 9121 9128 1 2 4 5 6
66 .9135 9143 9150 9157 9164 9171 9178 9184 9191 9198 1 2 3 5 6
67 .9205 9212 9219 9225 9232 9239 9245 9252 9259 9265 1 2 3 4 6
68 .9272 9278 9285 9291 9298 9304 9311 9317 9323 9330 1 2 3 4 5
69 .9336 9342 9348 9354 9361 9367 9373 9379 9385 9391 1 2 3 4 5
70 .9397 9403 9409 9415 9421 9426 9432 9438 9444 9449 1 2 3 4 5
71 .9455 9461 9466 9472 9478 9483 9489 9494 9500 9505 1 2 3 4 5
72 .9511 9516 9521 9527 9532 9537 9542 9548 9553 9558 1 2 3 3 4
73 .9563 9568 9573 9578 9583 9588 9593 9598 9603 9608 1 2 2 3 4
74 .9613 9617 9622 9627 9632 9636 9641 9646 9650 9655 1 2 2 3 4
75 .9659 9664 9668 9673 9677 9681 9686 9690 9694 9699 1 1 2 3 4
76 .9703 9707 9711 9715 9720 9724 9728 9732 9736 9740 1 1 2 3 3
77 .9744 9748 9751 9755 9759 9763 9767 9770 9774 9778 1 1 2 3 3
78 .9781 9785 9789 9792 9796 9799 9803 9806 9810 9813 1 1 2 2 3
79 .9816 9820 9823 9826 9829 9833 9836 9839 9842 9845 1 1 2 2 3
80 .9848 9851 9854 9857 9860 9863 9866 9869 9871 9874 0 1 1 2 2
81 .9877 9880 9882 9885 9888 9890 9893 9895 9898 9900 0 1 1 2 2
82 .9903 9905 9907 9910 9912 9914 9917 9919 9921 9923 0 1 1 2 2
83 .9925 9928 9930 9932 9934 9936 9938 9940 9942 9943 0 1 1 1 2
84 .9945 9947 9949 9951 9952 9954 9956 9957 9959 9960 0 1 1 1 2
85 .9962 9963 9965 9966 9968 9969 9971 9972 9973 9974 0 0 1 1 1
86 .9976 9977 9978 9979 9980 9981 9982 9983 9984 9985 0 0 1 1 1
87 .9986 9987 9988 9989 9990 9990 9991 9992 9993 9993 0 0 0 1 1
88 .9994 9995 9995 9996 9996 9997 9997 9997 9998 9998 0 0 0 0 0
89 .9998 9999 9999 9999 9999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0 0 0 0 0
90 1.000
 11

NATURAL TANGENTS

Degrees Mean
0' 6' 12' 18' 24' 30' 36' 42' 48' 54' Differences
00.0 00.1 00.2 00.3 00.4 00.5 00.6 00.7 00.8 00.9 1 2 3 4 5
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
0 .0000 0017 0035 0052 0070 0087 0105 0122 0140 0157 3 6 9 12 15
1 .0175 0192 0209 0227 0244 0262 0279 0297 0314 0332 3 6 9 12 15
2 .0349 0367 0384 0402 0419 0437 0454 0472 0489 0507 3 6 9 12 15
3 .0524 0542 0559 0577 0594 0612 0629 0647 0664 0682 3 6 9 12 15
4 .0699 0717 0734 0752 0769 0787 0805 0822 0840 0857 3 6 9 12 15

5 .0875 0892 0910 0928 0945 0963 0981 0998 1016 1033 3 6 9 12 15
6 .1051 1069 1086 1104 1122 1139 1157 1175 1192 1210 3 6 9 12 15
7 .1228 1246 1263 1281 1299 1317 1334 1352 1370 1388 3 6 9 12 15
8 .1405 1423 1441 1459 1477 1495 1512 1530 1548 1566 3 6 9 12 15
9 .1584 1602 1620 1638 1655 1673 1691 1709 1727 1745 3 6 9 12 15

10 .1763 1781 1799 1817 1835 1853 1871 1890 1908 1926 3 6 9 12 15
11 .1944 1962 1980 1998 2016 2035 2053 2071 2089 2107 3 6 9 12 15
12 .2126 2144 2162 2180 2199 2217 2235 2254 2272 2290 3 6 9 12 15
13 .2309 2327 2345 2364 2382 2401 2419 2438 2456 2475 3 6 9 12 15
14 .2493 2512 2530 2549 2568 2586 2605 2623 2642 2661 3 6 9 12 16

15 .2679 2698 2717 2736 2754 2773 2792 2811 2830 2849 3 6 9 13 16
16 .2867 2886 2905 2924 2943 2962 2981 3000 3019 3038 3 6 9 13 16
17 .3057 3076 3096 3115 3134 3153 3172 3191 3211 3230 3 6 10 13 16
18 .3249 3269 3288 3307 3327 3346 3365 3385 3404 3424 3 6 10 13 16
19 .3443 3463 3482 3502 3522 3541 3561 3581 3600 3620 3 7 10 13 16

20 .3640 3659 3679 3699 3719 3739 3759 3779 3799 3819 3 7 10 13 17
21 .3839 3859 3879 3899 3919 3939 3959 3979 4000 4020 3 7 10 13 17
22 .4040 4061 4081 4101 4122 4142 4163 4183 4204 4224 3 7 10 14 17
23 .4245 4265 4286 4307 4327 4348 4369 4390 4411 4431 3 7 10 14 17
24 .4452 4473 4494 4515 4536 4557 4578 4599 4621 4642 4 7 11 14 18

25 .4663 4684 4706 4727 4748 4770 4791 4813 4834 4856 4 7 11 14 18
26 .4877 4899 4921 4942 4964 4986 5008 5029 5051 5073 4 7 11 15 18
27 .5095 5117 5139 5161 5184 5206 5228 5250 5272 5295 4 7 11 15 18
28 .5317 5340 5362 5384 5407 5430 5452 5475 5498 5520 4 8 11 15 19
29 .5543 5566 5589 5612 5635 5638 5681 5704 5727 5750 4 8 12 15 19

30 .5774 5797 5820 5844 5867 5890 5914 5938 5961 5985 4 8 12 16 20
31 .6009 6032 6056 6080 6104 6128 6152 6176 6200 6224 4 8 12 16 20
32 .6249 6273 6297 6322 6346 6371 6395 6420 6445 6469 4 8 12 16 20
33 .6494 6519 6544 6569 6594 6619 6644 6669 6694 6720 4 8 13 17 21
34 .6745 6771 6796 6822 6847 6873 6899 6924 6950 6976 4 9 13 17 21

35 .7002 7028 7054 7080 7107 7133 7159 7186 7212 7239 4 9 13 18 22
36 .7265 7292 7319 7346 7373 7400 7427 7454 7481 7508 5 9 14 18 23
37 .7536 7563 7590 7618 7646 7673 7701 7729 7757 7785 5 9 14 18 23
38 .7813 7841 7869 7898 7926 7954 7983 8012 8040 8069 5 9 14 19 24
39 .8098 8127 8156 8185 8214 8243 8273 8302 8332 8361 5 10 15 20 24

40 .8391 8421 8451 8481 8511 8541 8571 8601 8632 8662 5 10 15 20 25
41 .8693 8724 8754 8785 8816 8847 8878 8910 8941 8972 5 10 16 21 26
42 .9004 9036 9067 9099 9131 9163 9195 9228 9260 9293 5 11 16 21 27
43 .9325 9358 9391 9424 9457 9490 9523 9556 9590 9623 6 11 17 22 28
44 .9657 9691 9725 9759 9793 9827 9861 9896 9930 9965 6 11 17 23 29
 12

NATURAL TANGENTS—Contd.

Mean
Degrees 0' 6' 12' 18' 24' 30' 36' 42' 48' 54' Differences
00.0 00.1 00.2 00.3 00.4 00.5 00.6 00.7 00.8 00.9 1 2 3 4 5
————————————————————————————————————————————————————
45 1.0000 0035 0070 0105 0141 0176 0212 0247 0283 0319 6 12 18 24 30
46 1.0355 0392 0428 0464 0501 0538 0575 0612 0649 0686 6 12 18 25 31
47 1.0724 0761 0799 0837 0875 0913 0951 0990 1028 1067 6 13 19 25 32
48 1.1106 1145 1184 1224 1263 1303 1343 1383 1423 1463 7 13 20 27 33
49 1.1504 1544 1585 1626 1667 1708 1750 1792 1833 1875 7 14 21 28 34
50 1.1918 1960 2002 2045 2088 2131 2174 2218 2261 2305 7 14 22 29 36
51 1.2349 2393 2437 2482 2527 2572 2617 2662 2708 2753 8 15 23 30 38
52 1.2799 2846 2892 2938 2985 3032 3079 3127 3175 3222 8 16 24 31 39
53 1.3270 3319 3367 3416 3465 3514 3564 3613 3663 3713 8 16 25 33 41
54 1.3764 3814 3865 3916 3968 4019 4071 4124 4176 4229 9 17 26 34 43
55 1.4281 4335 4388 4442 4496 4550 4605 4659 4715 4770 9 18 27 36 45
56 1.4826 4882 4938 4994 5051 5108 5166 5224 5282 5340 10 19 29 38 48
57 1.5399 5458 5517 5577 5637 5697 5757 5818 5880 5941 10 20 30 40 50
58 1.6003 6066 6128 6191 6255 6319 6383 6447 6512 6577 11 21 32 43 53
59 1.6643 6709 6775 6842 6909 6977 7045 7113 7182 7251 11 23 34 45 56
60 1.7321 7391 7461 7532 7603 7675 7747 7820 7893 7966 12 24 36 48 60
61 1.8040 8115 8190 8265 8341 8418 8495 8572 8650 8728 13 26 38 51 64
62 1.8807 8887 8967 9047 9128 9210 9292 9375 9458 9542 14 27 41 55 68
63 1.9626 9711 9797 9883 9970 2.0057 2.0145 2.0233 2.0323 2.0413 15 29 44 58 73
64 2.0503 0594 0686 0778 0872 0965 1060 1155 1251 1348 16 31 47 63 78
65 2.1445 1543 1642 1742 1842 1943 2045 2148 2251 2355 17 34 51 68 85
66 2.2460 2566 2673 2781 2889 2998 3109 3220 3332 3445 18 37 55 73 92
67 2.3559 3673 3789 3906 4023 4142 4262 4383 4504 4627 20 40 60 79 99
68 2.4751 4876 5002 5129 5257 5386 5517 5649 5782 5916 22 43 65 87 108
69 2.6051 6187 6325 6464 6605 6746 6889 7034 7179 7326 24 47 71 95 119
70 2.7475 7625 7776 7929 8083 8239 8397 8556 8716 8878 26 52 78 104 131
71 2.9042 9208 9375 9544 9714 9887 3.0061 3.0237 3.0415 3.0595 29 58 87 116 145
72 3.0777 0961 1146 1334 1524 1716 1910 2106 2305 2506 32 64 96 129 162
73 3.2709 2914 3122 3332 3544 3759 3977 4197 4420 4646 36 72 108 144 180
74 3.4874 5105 5339 5576 5816 6059 6305 6554 6806 7062 41 81 122 163 204
75 3.7321 7583 7848 8118 8391 8667 8947 9232 9520 9812 46 93 139 186 232
76 4.0108 0408 0713 1022 1335 1653 1976 2303 2635 2972 53 107 160 213 267
77 4.3315 3662 4015 4374 4737 5107 5483 5864 6252 6646
78 4.7046 7453 7867 8288 8716 9152 9594 5.0045 5.0504 5.0970 Mean differences cease
79 5.1446 1929 2422 2924 3435 3955 4486 5026 5578 6140 to be sufficiently accurate.
80 5.6713 7297 7894 8502 9124 9758 6.0405 6.1066 6.1742 6.2432
81 6.3138 3859 4596 5350 6122 6912 7720 8548 9395 7.0264
82 7.1154 2066 3002 3962 4947 5958 6996 8062 9158 8.0285
83 8.1443 2636 3863 5126 6427 7769 9152 9.0579 9.2052 9.3572
84 9.5144 9.677 9.845 10.02 10.20 10.39 10.58 10.78 10.99 11.20
85 11.43 11.66 11.91 12.16 12.43 12.71 13.00 13.30 13.62 13.95
86 14.30 14.67 15.06 15.46 15.89 16.35 16.83 17.34 17.89 18.46
87 19.08 19.74 20.45 21.20 22.02 22.90 23.86 24.90 26.03 27.27
88 28.64 30.14 31.82 33.69 35.80 38.19 40.92 44.07 47.74 52.08
89 57.29 63.66 71.62 81.85 95.49 114.6 143.2 191.0 286.5 573.0
90 ∞
 13

RECIPROCALS OF NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 10

( Numbers in different columns to be substracted, not added )

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mean Differences
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1.0 1.000 9901 9804 9709 9615 9524 9434 9346 9259 9174
1.1 .9091 9009 8929 8550 8772 8696 8621 8547 8475 8403
1.2 .8333 8264 8197 8130 8065 8000 7937 7874 7813 7752
1.3 .7692 7634 7576 7519 7463 7407 7353 7299 7246 7194
1.4 .7143 7092 7042 6993 6944 6897 6849 6803 6757 6711 5 10 14 19 24 29 33 38 43
1.5 .6667 6623 6579 6336 6494 6452 6410 6369 6329 6289 4 8 13 17 21 25 29 33 38
1.6 .6250 6211 6173 6135 6098 6061 6024 5988 5952 5917 4 7 11 15 18 22 26 29 33
1.7 .5882 5848 5814 5780 5747 5714 5682 5630 5618 5587 3 6 10 13 16 20 23 26 29
1.8 .5556 5525 5495 5464 5435 5405 5376 5348 5319 5291 3 6 9 12 15 17 20 23 26
1.9 .5263 5236 5208 5181 5155 5128 5102 5076 5051 5025 3 5 8 11 13 16 18 21 24
2.0 .5000 4975 4950 4926 4902 4878 4854 4831 4808 4785 2 5 7 10 12 14 17 19 21
2.1 .4762 4739 4717 4695 4673 4651 4630 4608 4587 4566 2 4 7 9 11 13 15 17 20
2.2 .4545 4525 4505 4484 4464 4444 4425 4405 4386 4367 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
2.3 .4348 4329 4310 4292 4274 4255 4237 4219 4202 4184 2 4 5 7 9 11 13 14 16
2.4 .4167 4149 4132 4115 4098 4082 4065 4049 4032 4016 2 3 5 7 8 10 12 13 15
2.5 .4000 3984 3968 3953 3937 3922 3906 3891 3876 3861 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14
2.6 .3846 3831 3817 3802 3758 3774 3759 3745 3731 3717 1 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 13
2.7 .3704 3690 3676 3663 3650 3636 3623 3610 3597 3584 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12
2.8 .3571 3559 3546 3534 3521 3509 3497 3484 3472 3460 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11
2.9 .3448 3436 3425 3413 3401 3390 3378 3367 3356 3344 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
3.0 .3333 3322 3311 3300 3289 3279 3268 3257 3247 3236 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10
3.1 .3226 3215 3205 3195 3185 3175 3165 3155 3145 3135 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3.2 .3125 3115 3206 3096 3086 3077 3067 3058 3049 3040 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
3.3 .3030 3021 3012 3003 2994 2985 2976 2967 2959 2950 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8
3.4 .2941 2933 2924 2915 2907 2899 2890 2882 2874 2865 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8
3.5 .2857 2849 2841 2833 2825 2817 2809 2801 2793 2786 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 6 7
3.6 .2778 2770 2762 2755 2747 2740 2732 2725 2717 2710 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7
3.7 .2703 2695 2688 2681 2674 2667 2660 2653 2646 2639 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
3.8 .2632 2625 2618 2611 2604 2597 2591 2584 2577 2571 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
3.9 .2564 2558 2551 2545 2538 2532 2525 2519 2513 2506 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
4.0 .2500 2494 2488 2481 2475 2469 2463 2457 2451 2445 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
4.1 .2439 2433 2427 2421 2415 2410 2404 2398 2392 2387 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5
4.2 .2381 2375 2370 2364 2358 2353 2347 2342 2336 2331 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
4.3 .2326 2320 2315 2309 2304 2299 2294 2288 2283 2278 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
4.4 .2273 2268 2262 2257 2252 2247 2242 2237 2232 2227 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
4.5 .2222 2217 2212 2208 2203 2198 2293 2188 2183 2279 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
4.6 .2174 2169 2165 2160 2155 2152 2146 2141 2137 2132 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
4.7 .2128 2123 2119 2114 2110 2105 2101 2096 2092 2088 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
4.8 .2083 2079 2075 2070 2066 2064 2058 2053 2049 2045 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
4.9 .2041 2037 2033 2048 2024 2020 2016 2012 2008 2004 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
5.0 .2000 1996 1992 1988 1984 1980 1976 1972 1969 1965 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
5.1 .1961 1957 1953 1949 1946 1942 1938 1934 1931 1927 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
5.2 .1923 1919 1916 1912 1908 1905 1901 1898 1894 1890 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
5.3 .1887 1883 1880 1876 1873 1869 1866 1862 1859 1855 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
5.4 .1852 1843 1845 1842 1834 1833 1832 1828 1825 1801 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
 14

RECIPROCALS OF NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 10

( Numbers in different columns to be substracted, not added )

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mean Differences
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

5.5 .1818 1815 1812 1808 1805 1802 1799 1795 1792 1789 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
5.6 .1786 1783 1779 1776 1773 1770 1767 1764 1761 1757 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
5.7 .1754 1751 1748 1745 1742 1739 1736 1733 1730 1727 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
5.8 .1724 1721 1718 1715 1712 1709 1706 1704 1701 1698 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
5.9 .1695 1692 1689 1686 1684 1681 1678 1675 1672 1669 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
6.0 .1667 1664 1661 1658 1656 1653 1650 1647 1645 1642 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
6.1 .1639 1637 1634 1631 1629 1626 1623 1621 1618 1616 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
6.2 .1613 1610 1608 1605 1603 1600 1597 1595 1592 1590 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
6.3 .1587 1585 1582 1580 1577 1575 1572 1570 1567 1565 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
6.4 .1562 1560 1558 1555 1553 1550 1548 1546 1543 1541 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
6.5 .1538 1536 1534 1531 1529 1527 1524 1522 1520 1517 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
6.6 .1515 1513 1511 1508 1506 1504 1502 1499 1497 1495 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
6.7 .1493 1490 1488 1486 1484 1481 1479 1477 1475 1473 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
6.8 .1471 1468 1466 1464 1462 1460 1458 1456 1453 1451 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
6.9 .1449 1447 1445 1443 1441 1439 1437 1435 1433 1431 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
7.0 .1429 1427 1425 1422 1420 1418 1416 1414 1412 1410 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
7.1 .1408 1406 1404 1403 1401 1399 1397 1395 1393 1391 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
7.2 .1389 1387 1385 1383 1381 1379 1377 1376 1374 1372 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
7.3 .1370 1368 1366 1364 1362 1361 1359 1357 1355 1353 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 2
7.4 .1351 1350 1348 1346 1344 1342 1340 1339 1337 1335 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
7.5 .1333 1332 1330 1328 1326 1325 1323 1321 1319 1318 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
7.6 .1316 1314 1312 1311 1309 1307 1305 1304 1302 1300 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 2
7.7 .1299 1297 1295 1294 1292 1290 1289 1287 1285 1284 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
7.8 .1282 1280 1279 1277 1276 1274 1272 1271 1269 1267 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
7.9 .1266 1264 1263 1261 1259 1258 1256 1255 1253 1252 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.0 .1250 1248 1247 1245 1244 1242 1241 1239 1238 1236 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.1 .1235 1233 1232 1230 1229 1227 1225 1224 1222 1221 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.2 .1220 1218 1217 1215 1214 1212 1211 1209 1208 1206 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.3 .1205 1203 1202 1200 1199 1198 1196 1195 1193 1192 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.4 .1190 1189 1188 1186 1185 1183 1182 1181 1179 1178 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.5 .1176 1175 1174 1172 1171 1170 1168 1167 1166 1164 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.6 .1163 1161 1160 1159 1157 1156 1155 1153 1152 1151 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.7 .1149 1148 1147 1145 1144 1143 1142 1140 1139 1138 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.8 .1136 1135 1134 1133 1131 1130 1129 1127 1126 1125 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
8.9 .1124 1122 1121 1120 1119 1117 1116 1115 1114 1112 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
9.0 .1111 1110 1109 1107 1106 1105 1104 1103 1101 1100 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
9.1 .1099 1098 1096 1095 1094 1093 1092 1090 1089 1088 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
9.2 .1087 1086 1085 1083 1082 1081 1080 1079 1078 1076 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
9.3 .1075 1074 1073 1072 1071 1070 1068 1067 1066 1065 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
9.4 .1064 1063 1062 1060 1059 1058 1057 1056 1055 1054 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
9.5 .1053 1052 1050 1049 1048 1047 1046 1045 1044 1043 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
9.6 .1042 1041 1039 1038 1037 1036 1035 1034 1033 1032 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
9.7 .1031 1030 1029 1028 1027 1026 1025 1024 1022 1021 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
9.8 .1020 1019 1018 1017 1016 1015 1014 1013 1012 1011 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
9.9 .1010 1009 1008 1007 1006 1005 1004 1003 1002 1001 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
 Printed & Published by : Dr. D. D. Deshmukh, Registrar,
University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007.
Printed at : The Pune University Press, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411007.
[ 40,000–1–2010 (858 / Ganesh~1/Ganesh) [2] ]
 1

TABLE 1 : THE NORMAL PROBABILITY INTEGRAL

∞ 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0.0 0. 50000 49601 49292 48803 48405 48006 47608 472I0 46812 46414
0.1 46017 45620 45224 44828 44433 44038 43644 43251 42858 42465
0.2 42074 41683 41294 40905 40517 40129 39743 39358 38974 38591
0.3 38209 37828 37448 37070 36693 36317 35942 35569 35197 34827
0.4 34458 34090 33724 33360 32997 32636 32276 31918 31561 31207
0.5 30854 30503 30153 29806 29460 29116 28774 28434 28096 27760
0.6 27425 27093 26763 26435 26109 25785 25463 25143 24825 24510
0.7 24196 23885 23576 23270 22965 22663 22363 22065 21770 21476
0.8 21186 20897 20611 20327 20045 19766 19489 19215 18943 18673
0.9 18406 18141 17879 17619 17361 17106 16853 16602 16354 16109
1.0 15866 15625 15386 15151 14917 14686 14457 14231 14007 13786
1.1 13567 13350 13136 12924 12714 12507 12302 12100 11900 11702
1.2 11507 11314 11123 10935 I0749 10565 10383 10204 10027 98525
1.3 0.0 96800 95098 93418 91759 90123 88508 86915 85343 83793 82264
1.4 80757 79270 77804 76359 74934 73529 72145 70781 69437 68112
1.5 66807 65522 64255 63008 61780 60571 59380 58208 57053 55917
1.6 54799 53699 52616 51551 50503 49471 48457 47460 46479 45514
1.7 44565 43633 42716 41815 40930 40059 39204 38364 37538 36727
1.8 35930 35148 34380 33625 32884 32157 31443 30742 30054 29379
1.9 28717 28067 27429 26803 26190 25588 24998 24419 23852 23295
2.0 22750 22216 21692 21178 20675 20182 19699 19226 18763 18309
2.1 17864 17429 17003 16586 16177 15778 15386 15003 14629 14262
2.2 13903 13553 13209 12874 12545 12224 11911 11604 11304 11011
2.3 10724 10444 10170 99031 96419 93867 91375 88940 86563 84242
2
2.4 0.0 81975 79763 77603 75494 73436 71428 69469 67557 6569I 63872
2.5 62097 60366 58677 57031 55426 53861 52336 50849 49400 47988
2.6 46612 45271 43965 42692 41453 40246 39070 37926 36811 35726
2.7 34670 33642 32641 31667 30720 29798 28901 28028 27179 26354
2.8 25551 24771 24012 23274 22557 21860 21182 20524 19884 19262
2.9 18658 18071 17502 16948 16411 15889 15382 14890 14412 13949
3.0 13499 13062 12639 12228 11829 11442 11067 10703 10350 10008
3
3.1 0.0 96760 93544 90426 87403 84474 81635 78885 76219 73638 71136
3.2 68714 66367 64095 61895 59765 57703 55706 53774 51904 50094
3.3 48342 46648 45009 43423 41889 40406 38971 37584 36243 34946
3.4 33693 32481 31311 30179 29086 28029 27009 26023 25071 24151
3.5 23263 22405 21577 20778 20006 19262 18543 17849 I7180 I6534
3.6 15911 15310 14730 14171 13632 13112 12611 12128 11662 11213
3.7 I0780 10363 99611 95740 92010 884I7 84957 8I624 78414 75324
4
3.8 0.0 72348 69483 66726 64072 61517 59059 56694 54418 52228 50122
3.9 48096 46148 44274 42473 40741 39076 37475 35936 34458 33037
4.0 31671 30359 29099 27888 26726 25609 24536 23507 22518 21569
4.1 20658 19783 18944 18138 17365 16624 15912 15230 14575 13948
4.2 13346 12769 12215 11685 11176 10689 10221 97736 93447 89337
5
4.3 0.0 85399 81627 78015 74555 71241 68069 65031 62123 59340 56675
4.4 54125 51685 49350 47117 44979 42935 40980 39110 37322 35612
4.5 33977 32414 30920 29492 28127 26823 25577 24386 23249 22162
4.6 21125 20133 19187 18283 17420 16597 158I0 15060 14344 13660
4.7 13008 12386 11792 11226 10686 10171 96796 92113 87648 83391
6
4.8 0.0 79333 75465 71779 68267 64920 61731 58693 55799 53043 50418
4.9 47918 45538 43272 41115 39061 37107 35247 33476 31792 30190

For notes, see page 46.

 2

TABLE 2 : DISTRIBUTION OF t
Probability

n .9 .8 .7 .6 .5 .4 .3 .2 .1 .05 .02 .01 .001

1 .158 .325 .510 .727 1.000 1.376 1.963 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 636.619

2 .142 .289 .445 .6I7 .8I6 1.061 1.386 1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 31.598
3 .137 .277 .424 .584 .765 .978 1.250 1.886 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 I2.924
4 .134 .271 .414 .569 .741 .941 1.190 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 8.610
5 .132 .267 408 .559 .727 .920 1.156 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 6.869
6 .131 .265 .404 .553 .718 .906 1.134 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.959
7 .130 .263 .402 .549 .711 .896 1.119 1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 5.408
8 .130 .262 399 .546 .706 .889 1.108 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 5.041
9 .129 .261 .398 .543 .703 .883 1.100 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.781
I0 .129 .260 .397 .542 .700 .879 1.093 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.587
11 .129 .260 .396 .540 .697 .876 1.088 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.437
12 .128 .259 .395 .539 .695 .873 1.083 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 4.318
13 .128 .259 .394 .538 .694 .870 1.079 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 4.221
14 .128 .258 .393 .537 .692 .868 1.076 1.345 1.76I 2.145 2.624 2.977 4.140
15 .128 .258 .393 .536 .691 .866 1.074 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 4.073
16 .128 .258 .392 .535 .690 .865 1.071 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 4.015
17 .128 .257 .392 .534 .689 .863 1.069 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.965
18 .127 .257 .392 .534 .688 .862 1.067 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.922
19 .127 .257 .391 .533 .688 .861 1.066 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.883
20 .127 .257 .391 .533 .687 .860 1.064 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.850
21 .127 .257 .391 .532 .686 .859 1.063 I.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.83I 3.819
22 .127 .256 .390 .532 .686 .858 1.06I 1.32I 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.8I9 3.792
23 .127 .256 .390 .532 .685 .858 1.060 1.3I9 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.767
24 .127 .256 .390 .531 .685 .857 1.059 1.3I8 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.745
25 .127 .256 .390 .531 .684 .856 1.058 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.725
26 .127 .256 .390 .531 .684 .856 1.058 1.3I5 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.707
27 .127 .256 .389 .531 .684 .855 1.057 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.690
28 .127 .256 .389 .530 .683 .855 1.056 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.674
29 .127 .256 .389 .530 .683 .854 1.055 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.659
30 .127 .256 .389 .530 .683 .854 1.055 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.75 3.646
40 .126 .255 .388 .529 .681 .851 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.551
60 .126 .254 .387 .527 .679 .848 1.046 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 3.460
120 .126 .254 .386 .526 .677 .845 1.041 1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 3.373
∞ .126 .253 .385 .524 .674 .842 1.036 1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 3.291

For notes, see page 46.

 3

TABLE 3 : DISTRIBUTION OF χ2
Probability

n .99 0.98 .95 .90 .80 .70 .50 .30 .20 .10 .05 .02 .01 .001
I 0.03157 0.03628 0.00393 0.0158 0.0642 0.148 0.455 1.074 1.642 2.706 3.841 5.412 6.635 10.827
2 .0201 0.0404 .103 .211 0.446 .713 1.386 2.408 3.2I9 4.605 5.991 7.824 9.210 13.815
3 0.115 .185 .352 .584 1.005 1.424 2.366 3.665 4.642 6.251 7.815 9.837 11.345 16.266
4 .297 .429 .711 1.064 1.649 2.195 3.357 4.878 5.989 7.779 9.488 11.668 13.277 18.467
5 .554 .752 1.145 1.610 2.343 3.000 4.35I 6.064 7.289 9.236 11.070 13.388 15.086 20.515

6 .872 1.134 1.635 2.204 3.070 3.828 5.348 7.231 8.558 10.645 12.592 15.033 16.812 22.457
7 1.239 I.564 2.167 2.833 3.822 4.671 6.346 8.383 9.803 12.017 14.057 16.622 18.475 24.322
8 1.646 2.032 2.733 3.490 4.594 5.527 7.344 9.524 11.003 13.362 15.507 18.168 20.090 26.125
9 2.088 2.532 3.325 4.168 5.380 6.393 8.343 10.656 12.242 14.684 16919 19.679 21.666 27.877
10 2.558 3.059 3.940 4.865 6.179 7.267 9.342 11.781 13.442 15.987 18.307 21.161 23.209 29.588

11 3.053 3.609 4.575 5.578 6.989 8.I48 10.341 12.899 14.631 17.275 19.675 22.618 24.725 31.264
12 3.571 4.178 5.226 6.304 7.807 9.034 11.340 14.011 15.812 18.549 21.026 24.034 26.217 32.909
13 4.107 4.765 5.892 7.042 8.634 9.926 12.340 15.119 16.985 19.8I2 22.362 25.472 27.688 34.528
14 4.660 5.368 6.571 7.790 9.467 10.821 13.339 16.222 18.151 21.064 23.685 26.873 29.141 36.123
15 5.229 5.985 7.261 8.547 10.307 11.721 14.339 17.322 19.311 22.307 24.996 28.259 30.578 37.697

16 5.812 6.614 7.962 9.312 11.152 12.624 15.338 I8.418 20.465 23.542 26.296 29.633 32.000 39.252
17 6.408 7.255 8.672 10.085 12.002 13.531 16.338 19.511 21.615 24.769 27.587 30.995 33.409 40.790
18 7.015 7.906 9.390 10.865 12.857 14.44 17.338 20.601 22.760 25.989 28.859 32.346 34.805 42.312
19 7.633 8.567 I0.117 11.651 13.7I6 I5.352 18.338 21.689 23.900 27.204 30.144 33.687 36.191 43.820
20 8.260 9.237 10.851 12.443 14.578 16.266 19.337 22.775 25.038 28.412 31.410 35.020 37.566 45.315

21 8.897 9.915 11.591 13.240 15.445 17.182 20.337 23.858 26.171 29.615 32.671 36.343 38.932 46.797
22 9.542 10.600 12.338 14.041 16.314 18.101 21.337 24.939 27.301 30.813 33.924 37.659 40.289 48.268
23 10.196 11.293 13.091 14.848 17.187 19.021 22.337 26.018 28.429 32.007 35.172 38.968 41.638 49.728
24 10.856 11.992 13.848 15.659 18.062 19.943 23.337 27.096 29.553 33.196 36.415 40.270 42.980 51.179
25 11.524 12.697 14.611 16.473 18.940 20.867 24.337 28.172 30.675 34.382 37.652 41.566 44.314 52.620

26 12.198 13.409 15.379 17.292 19.820 21.792 25.336 29.246 31.795 35.563 38.885 42.856 45.642 54.052
27 12.879 14.125 16.151 18.114 20.703 22.719 26.336 30.319 32.912 36.741 40.113 44.140 46.963 55.476
28 13.565 14.847 16.928 18.939 21.588 23.647 27.336 31.391 34.027 37.916 41.337 45.419 48.278 56.893
29 14.256 15.574 17.708 19.786 22.475 24.577 28.336 32.461 35.139 39.087 42.557 46.693 49.588 58.302
30 14.953 16.306 18.493 20.599 23.364 25.508 29.336 33.530 36.250 40.256 43.773 47.962 50.892 59.703
32 16.362 17.783 20.072 22.271 25.148 27.373 31.336 35.665 38.466 42.585 46.194 50.487 53.486 62.487
34 17.789 19.275 21.664 23.952 26.938 29.242 33.336 37.795 40.676 44.903 48.602 52.995 56.061 65.247
36 19.233 20.783 23.269 25.643 28.735 31.115 35.336 39.922 42.879 47.212 50.999 55.489 58.619 67.985
38 20.691 22.304 24.884 27.343 30.537 32.992 37.335 42.045 45.076 49.513 53.384 57.969 61.162 70.703
40 22.164 23.838 26.509 29.051 32.345 34.872 39.335 44.165 47.269 51.805 55.759 60.435 63.691 73.402

42 23.650 25.383 28.144 30.765 34.157 36.755 41.335 46.282 49.456 54.090 58.124 62.892 66.206 76.084
44 25.148 26.939 29.787 32.487 35.974 38.641 43.335 48.396 51.639 56.369 60.481 65.337 68.710 78.750
46 26.657 28.504 31.439 34.215 37.795 40.529 45.335 50.507 53.818 58.641 62.830 67.771 71.201 81.400
48 28.177 30.080 33.098 35.949 39.621 42.420 47.335 52.616 55.993 60.907 65.171 70.197 73.683 84.037
50 29.707 31.664 34.764 37.689 41.449 44.313 49.335 54.723 58.164 63.167 67.505 72.613 76.154 86.661

52 31.246 33.256 36.437 39.433 43.281 46.209 51.335 56.827 60.332 65.422 69.832 75.021 78.616 89.272
54 32.793 34.856 38.116 41.183 45.117 48.106 53.335 58.930 62.496 67.673 72.153 77.422 81.069 91.872
56 34.350 36.464 39.801 42.937 46.955 50.005 55.335 61.031 64.658 69.919 74.468 79.815 83.513 94.461
58 35.913 38.078 41.492 44.696 48.797 51.906 57.335 63.129 66.816 72.160 76.778 82.201 85.950 97.039
60 37.485 39.699 43.188 46.459 50.641 53.809 59.335 65.227 68.972 74.397 79.082 84.580 88.379 99.607

62 39.063 41.327 44.889 48.226 52.487 55.714 61.335 67.322 71.125 76.630 81.381 86.953 90.802 102.166
64 40.649 42.960 46.595 49.996 54.336 57.620 63.335 69.416 73.276 78.860 83.675 89.320 93.217 104.716
66 42.240 44.599 48.305 51.770 56.188 59.527 65.335 71.508 75.424 81.085 85.965 91.681 95.626 107.258
68 43.838 46.244 50.020 53.548 58.042 61.436 67.335 73.600 77.571 83.308 88.250 94.037 98.028 109.791
70 45.442 47.893 51.739 55.329 59.898 63.346 69.334 75.689 79.715 85.527 90.531 96.388 100.425 112.317

For odd values of n between 30 and 70 the mean of the tabular values for n–1 and n+1 may be taken. For larger values of n, the
expression √ 2x2 – √ 2n–1 may be used as a normal deviate with unit variance, remembering that the probability for χ2
corresponds with that of a single tail of the normal curve. (For fuller formulae, see Introduction.)
For notes, see page 47.
 4

TABLE 4 : VARIANCE RATIO—contd.

5 per cent. Points of e2z

n1
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 12 24 ∞
n2
1 161.4 199.5 215.7 224.6 230.2 234.0 238.9 243.9 249.0 254.3
2 18.51 19.00 19.16 19.25 19.30 19.33 19.37 19.41 19.45 19.50
3 10.13 9.55 9.28 9.12 9.01 8.94 8.84 8.74 8.64 8.53
4 7.71 6.94 6.59 6.39 6.26 6.16 6.04 5.91 5.77 5.63
5 6.61 5.79 5.41 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.82 4.68 4.53 4.36

6 5.99 5.14 4.76 4.53 4.39 4.28 4.15 4.00 3.84 3.67
7 5.59 4.74 4.35 4.12 3.97 3.87 3.73 3.57 3.41 3.23
8 5.32 4.46 4.07 3.84 3.69 3.58 3.44 3.28 3.12 2.93
9 5.12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.23 3.07 2.90 2.71
10 4.96 4.10 3.71 3.48 3.33 3.22 3.07 2.91 2.74 2.54

11 4.84 3.98 3.59 3.36 3.20 3.09 2.95 2.79 2.61 2.40
12 4.75 3.88 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.85 2.69 2.50 2.30
13 4.67 3.80 3.41 3.18 3.02 2.92 2.77 2.60 2.42 2.21
14 4.60 3.74 3.34 3.11 2.96 2.85 2.70 2.53 2.35 2.13
15 4.54 3.68 3.29 3.06 2.90 2.79 2.64 2.48 2.29 2.07

16 4.49 3.63 3.24 3.01 2.85 2.74 2.59 2.42 2.24 2.01
17 4.45 3.59 3.20 2.96 2.81 2.70 2.55 2.38 2.19 1.96
18 4.41 3.55 3.16 2.93 2.77 2.66 2.51 2.34 2.15 1.92
19 4.38 3.52 3.13 2.90 2.74 2.63 2.48 2.31 2.11 1.88
20 4.35 3.49 3.10 2.87 2.71 2.60 2.45 2.28 2.08 1.84

21 4.32 3.47 3.07 2.84 2.68 2.57 2.42 2.25 2.05 1.81
22 4.30 3.44 3.05 2.82 2.66 2.55 2.40 2.23 2.03 1.78
23 4.28 3.42 3.03 2.80 2.64 2.53 2.38 2.20 2.00 1.76
24 4.26 3.40 3.01 2.78 2.62 2.51 2.36 2.18 1.98 1.73
25 4.24 3.38 2.99 2.76 2.60 2.49 2.34 2.16 1.96 1.71

26 4.22 3.37 2.98 2.74 2.59 2.47 2.32 2.15 1.95 1.69
27 4.21 3.35 2.96 2.73 2.57 2.46 2.30 2.13 1.93 1.67
28 4.20 3.34 2.95 2.71 2.56 2.44 2.29 2.12 1.91 1.65
29 4.18 3.33 2.93 2.70 2.54 2.43 2.28 2.10 1.90 1.64
30 4.17 3.32 2.92 2.69 2.53 2.42 2.27 2.09 1.89 1.62

40 4.08 3.23 2.84 2.61 2.45 2.34 2.18 2.00 1.79 1.51
60 4.00 3.15 2.76 2.52 2.37 2.25 2.10 1.92 1.70 1.39
120 3.92 3.07 2.68 2.45 2.29 2.17 2.02 1.83 1.61 1.25
∞ 3.84 2.99 2.60 2.37 2.21 2.10 1.94 1.75 1.52 1.00

Lower 5 per cent. points are found by interchange of n1 and n2, i.e. n1 must always
correspond with the greater mean square.

For notes, see page 47.

 5

TABLE 5 : VARIANCE RATIO—contd.

1 per cent. Points of e2z

n1
n2 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 12 24 ∞

1 4052 4999 5403 5625 5764 5859 5982 6106 6234 6366
2 98.50 99.00 99.17 99.25 99.30 99.33 99.37 99.42 99.46 99.50
3 34.12 30.82 29.46 28.71 28.24 27.91 27.49 27.05 26.6 26.12
4 21.20 18.00 16.69 15.98 15.52 15.21 14.80 14.37 13.93 13.46
5 16.26 13.27 12.06 11.39 10.97 10.67 10.29 9.89 9.47 9.02
6 13.74 10.92 9.78 9.15 8.75 8.47 8.10 7.72 7.31 6.88
7 12.25 9.55 8.45 7.85 7.46 7.19 6.84 6.47 6.07 5.65
8 11.26 8.65 7.59 7.01 6.63 6.37 6.03 5.67 5.28 4.86
9 10.56 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.06 5.80 5.47 5.11 4.73 4.31
10 10.04 7.56 6.55 5.99 5.64 5.39 5.06 4.71 4.33 3.91
11 9.65 7.20 6.22 5.67 5.32 5.07 4.74 4.40 4.02 3.60
12 9.33 6.93 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.50 4.16 3.78 3.36
13 9.07 6.70 5.74 5.20 4.86 4.62 4.30 3.96 3.59 3.16
14 8.86 6.51 5.56 5.03 4.69 4.46 4.14 3.80 3.43 3.00
15 8.68 6.36 5.42 4.89 4.56 4.32 4.00 3.67 3.29 2.87
16 8.53 6.23 5.29 4.77 4.44 4.20 3.89 3.55 3.18 2.75
17 8.40 6.11 5.18 4.67 4.34 4.10 3.79 3.45 3.08 2.65
18 8.28 6.01 5.09 4.58 4.25 4.01 3.71 3.37 3.00 2.57
19 8.18 5.93 5.01 4.50 4.17 3.94 3.63 3.30 2.92 2.49
20 8.10 5.85 4.94 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.56 3.23 2.86 2.42
21 8.02 5.78 4.87 4.37 4.04 3.81 3.51 3.17 2.80 2.36
22 7.94 5.72 4.82 4.31 3.99 3.76 3.45 3.12 2.75 2.31
23 7.88 5.66 4.76 4.26 3.94 3.71 3.41 3.07 2.70 2.26
24 7.82 5.61 4.72 4.22 3.90 3.67 3.36 3.03 2.66 2.21
25 7.77 5.57 4.68 4.18 3.86 3.63 3.32 2.99 2.62 2.17
26 7.72 5.53 4.64 4.14 3.82 3.59 3.29 2.96 2.58 2.13
27 7.68 5.49 4.60 4.11 3.78 3.56 3.26 2.93 2.55 2.10
28 7.64 5.45 4.57 4.07 3.75 3.53 3.23 2.90 2.52 2.06
29 7.60 5.42 4.54 4.04 3.73 3.50 3.20 2.87 2.49 2.03
30 7.56 5.39 4.51 4.02 3.70 3.47 3.17 2.84 2.47 2.01
40 7.31 5.18 4.31 3.83 3.51 3.29 2.99 2.66 2.29 1.80
60 7.08 4.08 4.13 3.65 3.34 3.12 2.82 2.50 2.12 1.60
120 6.85 4.70 3.95 3.48 3.17 2.96 2.66 2.34 1.95 1.38
∞ 6.64 4.60 3.78 3.32 3.02 2.80 2.51 2.18 1.79 1.00

Lower 1 per cent points are found by interchange of n1 and n2, i.e. n1 must always
correspond with the greater mean square.

For notes, see page 48.

 6

TABLE 6 : Transformation of r to z (Interclass)

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05Mean .06 . 07 .08 .09

Diff.
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
.0 .0000 .0100 .0200 .0300 .9400 .0500 .0599 .0699 .0798 .0898 100
.1 .0997 .1096 .1194 .1293 .1391 .1489 .1586 .1684 .1781 .1877 98
.2 .1974 .2070 .2165 .2260 .2355 .2449 .2543 .2636 .2729 .2821 94
.3 .2913 .3004 .3095 .3185 .3275 .3364 .3452 .3540 .3627 .3714 89
.4 .3800 .3885 .3969 .4053 .4136 .4219 .4301 .4382 .4462 .4542 82

.5 .4621 .4699 .4777 .4854 .4930 .5005 .5080 .5154 .5227 .5299 75
.6 .5370 .5441 .5511 .5580 .5649 .5717 .5784 .5850 .5915 .5980 68
.7 .6044 .6107 .6169 .6231 .6291 .6351 .6411 .6469 .6527 .6584 60
.8 .6640 .6696 .6751 .6805 .6858 .6911 .6963 .7014 .7064 .7114 53
.9 .7163 .7211 .7259 .7306 .7352 .7398 .7443 .7487 .7531 .7574 46

1.0 .7616 .7658 .7699 .7739 .7779 .7818 .7857 .7895 .7932 .7969 39
1.1 .8005 .8041 .8076 .8110 .8144 .8178 .8210 .8243 .8275 .8306 33
1.2 .8337 .8367 .8397 .8426 .8455 .8483 .8511 .8538 .8565 .8591 28
1.3 .8617 .8643 .8668 .8692 .8717 .8741 .8764 .8787 .8810 .8832 24
1.4 .8854 .8875 .8896 .8917 .8937 .8957 .8977 .8996 .9015 .9033 20

1.5 .9051 .9069 .9087 .9104 .9121 .9138 .9154 .9170 .9186 .9201 17
1.6 .9217 .9232 .9246 .9261 .9275 .9289 .9302 .9316 .9329 .9341 14
1.7 .9354 .9366 .9379 .9391 .9402 .9414 .9425 .9436 .9447 .9458 12
1.8 .94681 .94783 .94884 .94983 .95080 .95175 .95268 95359 .95445 .95537 95
1.9 .95624 .95709 .95792 .95873 .95953 .96032 .96109 .96185 .96259 .96331 79

2.0 .96403 .96473 .96541 .96609 .96675 .96739 .96803 .96865 .96926 .96986 65
2.1 .97045 .97103 .97159 .97215 .97269 .97323 .97375 .97426 .97477 .97526 53
2.2 .97574 .97622 .97668 .97714 .97759 .97803 .97846 .97888 .97929 .97970 44
2.3 .98010 .98049 .98087 .98124 .98161 .98197 .98233 .98267 .98301 .98335 36
2.4 .98367 .98399 .98431 .98462 .98492 .98522 .98551 .98579 .98607 .98635 30

2.5 .98661 .98688 .98714 .98739 .98764 .98788 .98812 .98835 .98858 .98881 24
2.6 .98903 .98924 .98945 .98966 .98987 .99007 .99026 .99045 .99064 .99083 20
2.7 .99101 .99118 .99136 .99153 .99170 .99186 .99202 .99218 .99233 .99248 16
2.8 .99263 .99278 .99292 .99306 .99320 .99333 .99346 .99359 .99372 .99384 13
2.9 .99396 .99408 .99420 .99431 .99443 .99454 .99464 .99475 .99485 .99485 11
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
.0 .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 .7 .8 .9

3 .99505 .99595 .99668 .99728 .99777 .99818 .99851 .99878 .99900 .99918 —
4 .99933 .99945 .99955 .99963 .99970 .99975 .99980 .99983 .99986 .99989 —

For notes, see page 48.

 7

TABLE 7 : INDIVIDUAL TERMS, e-mmi/i !, OF THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION

m
i i
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

0 .904837 .818731 .740818 .670320 .606531 .548812 .496585 .449329 .406570 .367879 0
1 .090484 .163746 .222245 .268128 .303265 .329287 .347610 .359463 .365913 .367879 1
2 .004524 .016375 .033337 .053626 .075816 .098786 .121663 .143785 .164661 .183940 2
3 .000151 .001092 .003334 .007150 .012636 .019757 .028388 .038343 .049398 .061313 3
4 .000004 .000055 .000250 .000715 .001580 .002964 .004968 .007669 .011115 .015328 4
5 — .000002 .000015 .000057 .000158 .000356 .000696 .001227 .002001 .003066 5
6 — — .000001 .000004 .000013 .000036 .000081 .000164 .000300 .000511 6
7 — — — — .000001 .000003 .000008 .000019 .000039 .000073 7
8 — — — — — — .000001 .000002 .000004 .000009 8
9 — — — — — — — — — .000001 9

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0

0 .332871 .301194 .272532 .246597 .223130 .201897 .182684 .165299 .149569 .135335 0
1 .366158 .361433 .354291 .345236 .334695 .323034 .310562 .297538 .284180 .270671 1
2 .201387 .216860 .230289 .241665 .251021 .258428 .263978 .267784 .269971 .270671 2
3 .073842 .086744 .099792 .112777 .125510 .137828 .149587 .160671 .170982 .180447 3
4 .020307 .026023 .032432 .039472 .047067 .055131 .063575 .072302 .081216 .090224 4
5 .004467 .006246 .008432 .011052 .014120 .017642 .021615 .026029 .030862 .036089 5
6 .000819 .001249 .001827 .002579 .003530 .004705 .006124 .007809 .009773 .012030 6
7 .000129 .000214 .000339 .000516 .000756 .001075 .001487 .002008 .002653 .003437 7
8 .000018 .000032 .000055 .000090 .000142 .000215 .000316 .000452 .000630 .000859 8
9 .000002 .000004 .000008 .000014 .000024 .000038 .000060 .000090 .000133 .000191 9
10 — .000001 .000001 .000002 .000004 .000006 .000010 .000016 .000025 .000038 10
11 — — — — — .000001 .000002 .000003 .000004 .000007 11
12 — — — — — — — — .000001 .000001 12

2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0

0 .122456 .110803 .100259 .090718 .082085 .074274 .067206 .060810 .055023 .049787 0
1 .257159 .243767 .230595 .217723 .205212 .193111 .181455 .170268 .159567 .149361 1
2 .270016 .268144 .265185 .261268 .256516 .251045 .244964 .238375 .231373 .224042 2
3 .189012 .196639 .203308 .209014 .213763 .217572 .220468 .222484 .223660 .224042 3
4 .099231 .108151 .116902 .125409 .133602 .141422 .148816 .155739 .162154 .168031 4
5 .041677 .047587 .053775 .060196 .066801 .073539 .080360 .087214 .094049 .100819 5
6 .014587 .017448 .020614 .024078 .027834 .031867 .036162 .040700 .045457 .050409 6
7 .004376 .005484 .006773 .008255 .009941 .011836 .013948 .016280 .018832 .021604 7
8 .001149 .001508 .001947 .002477 .003106 .003847 .004708 .005698 .006827 .008102 8
9 .000268 .000369 .000498 .000660 .000863 .001111 .001412 .001773 .002200 .002701 9
10 .000056 .000081 .000114 .000158 .000216 .000289 .000381 .000496 .000638 .000810 10
11 .000011 .000016 .000024 .000035 .000049 .000068 .000094 .000126 .000168 .000221 11
12 .000002 .000003 .000005 .000007 .000010 .000015 .000021 .000029 .000041 .000055 12
13 — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000003 .000004 .000006 .000009 .000013 13
14 — — — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000003 14
15 — — — — — — — — — .000001 15
 8

TABLE 7 : INDIVIDUAL TERMS, e-mmi/i !, OF THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION—contd.

m
i i
3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0

0 .045049 .040762 .036889 .033373 .030197 .027324 .024724 .022371 .020242 .018316 0
1 .139653 .130439 .121714 .113469 .105691 .098365 .091477 .085009 .078943 .073263 1
2 .216461 .208702 .200829 .192898 .184959 .177058 .169233 .161517 .153940 .146525 2
3 .223677 .222616 .220912 .218617 .215785 .212469 .208720 .204588 .200122 .195367 3
4 .173350 .178093 .182252 .185825 .188812 .191222 .193066 .194359 .195119 .195367 4
5 .107477 .113979 .120286 .126361 .132169 .137680 .142869 .147713 .152193 .156293 5
6 .055530 .060789 .066158 .071604 .077098 .082608 .088102 .093551 .098925 .104196 6
7 .024592 .027789 .031189 .034779 .038549 .042484 .046568 .050785 .055115 .059540 7
8 .009529 .011116 .012865 .014781 .016865 .019118 .021538 .024123 .026869 .029770 8
9 .003282 .003952 .004717 .005584 .006559 .007647 .008854 .010185 .011643 .013231 9
10 .001018 .001265 .001557 .001899 .002296 .002753 .003276 .003870 .004541 .005292 10
11 .000287 .000368 .000467 .000587 .000730 .000901 .001102 .001337 .001610 .001925 11
12 .000074 .000098 .000128 .000166 .000213 .000270 .000340 .000423 .000523 .000642 12
13 .000018 .000024 .000033 .000043 .000057 .000075 .000097 .000124 .000157 .000197 13
14 .000004 .000006 .000008 .000011 .000014 .000019 .000026 .000034 .000044 .000056 14
15 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000005 .000006 .000009 .000011 .000015 15
16 — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000003 .000004 16
17 — — — — — — — — .000001 .000001 17

4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0

0 .016573 .014996 .013569 .012277 .011109 .010052 .009095 .008230 .007447 .006738 0
1 .067948 .062981 .058345 .054020 .049990 .046238 .042748 .039503 .036488 .033690 1
2 .139293 .132261 .125441 .118845 .112479 .106348 .100457 .094807 .089396 .084224 2
3 .190368 .185165 .179799 .174305 .168718 .163068 .157383 .151691 .146014 .140374 3
4 .195127 .194424 .193284 .191736 .189808 .187528 .184925 .182029 .178867 .175467 4
5 .160004 .163316 .166224 .168728 .170827 .172525 .173830 .174748 .175290 .175467 5
6 .109336 .114321 .119127 .123734 .128120 .132270 .136167 .139798 .143153 .146223 6
7 .064040 .068593 .073178 .077775 .082363 .086920 .091426 .095862 .100207 .104445 7
8 .032820 .036011 .039333 .042776 .046329 .049979 .053731 .057517 .061377 .065278 8
9 .014951 .016805 .018793 .020913 .023165 .025545 .028050 .303676 .033416 .036266 9
10 .006130 .007058 .008081 .009202 .010424 .011751 .013184 .014724 .016374 .018133 10
11 .002285 .002695 .003159 .003681 .004264 .004914 .005633 .006425 .007294 .008242 11
12 .000781 .000943 .001132 .001350 .001599 .001884 .002206 .002570 .002978 .003434 12
13 .000246 .000305 .000374 .000457 .000554 .000667 .000798 .000949 .001123 .001321 13
14 .000072 .000091 .000115 .000144 .000178 .000219 .000268 .000325 .000393 .000472 14
15 .000020 .000026 .000033 .000042 .000053 .000067 .000084 .000104 .000128 .000157 15
16 .000005 .000007 .000009 .000012 .000015 .000019 .000025 .000031 .000039 .000049 16
17 .000001 .000902 .000002 .000003 .000004 .000005 .000007 .000009 .000011 .000014 17
18 — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000004 18
19 — — — — — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 19

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0

0 .006097 .005517 .004992 .004517 .004087 .003698 .003346 .003028 .002739 .002479 0
1 .031093 .028686 .026455 .024390 .022477 .020708 .019072 .017560 .016163 .014873 1
2 .079288 .074584 .070107 .065852 .061812 .057982 .054355 .050923 .047680 .044618 2
3 .134790 .129279 .123856 .118533 .113323 .108234 .103275 .098452 .093771 .089235 3
 9

TABLE 7 : INDIVIDUAL TERMS, e-mmi/i !, OF THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION—contd.

m
i i
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.0

4 .171857 .168063 .164109 .160020 .155819 .151528 .147167 .142755 .138312 .133853 4
5 .175294 .174785 .173955 .172821 .171401 .169711 .167770 .165596 .163208 .160623 5
6 .149000 .151480 .153660 .155539 .157117 .158397 .159382 .160076 .160488 .160623 6
7 .108557 .112528 .116343 .119987 .123449 .126717 .129782 .132635 .135268 .137677 7
8 .069205 .073143 .077077 .080991 .084871 .088702 .092470 .096160 .099760 .103258 8
9 .039216 .042261 .045390 .048595 .051866 .055192 .058564 .061970 .065398 .068838 9
10 .020000 .021976 .024057 .026241 .028526 .030908 .033382 .035943 .038585 .041303 10
11 .009273 .010388 .011591 .012882 .014263 .015735 .017298 .018952 .020696 .022529 11
12 .003941 .004502 .005119 .005797 .006537 .007343 .008216 .009160 .010175 .011264 12
13 .001546 .001801 .002087 .002408 .002766 .003163 .003603 .004087 .004618 .005199 13
14 .000563 .000669 .000790 .000929 .001087 .001265 .001467 .001693 .001946 .002228 14
15 .000191 .000232 .000279 .000334 .000398 .000472 .000557 .000655 .000766 .000891 15
16 .000061 .000075 .000092 .000113 .000137 .000165 .000199 .000237 .000282 .000334 16
17 .000018 .000023 .000029 .000036 .000044 .000054 .000067 .000081 .000098 .000118 17
18 .000005 .000007 .000008 .000011 .000014 .000017 .000021 .000026 .000032 .000039 18
19 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000004 .000005 .000006 .000008 .000010 .000012 19
20 — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000004 20
21 — — — — — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 21

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 7.0

0 .002243 .002029 .001836 .001662 .001503 .001360 .001231 .001114 .001008 .000912 0
1 .013682 .012582 .011569 .010634 .009772 .008978 .008247 .007574 .006954 .006383 1
2 .041729 .039006 .036441 .034029 .031760 .029629 .027628 .025751 .023990 .022341 2
3 .084848 .080612 .076527 .072595 .068814 .065183 .061702 .058368 .055178 .052129 3
4 .129393 .124948 .120530 .116151 .111822 .107553 .103351 .099225 .095182 .091226 4
5 .157860 .154936 .151868 .148674 .145369 .141969 .138490 .134946 .131351 .127717 5
6 .160491 .160100 .159461 .158585 .157483 .156166 .154648 .152939 .151053 .149003 6
7 .139856 .141803 .143515 .144992 .146234 .147243 .148020 .148569 .148895 .149003 7
8 .106640 .109897 .113018 .115994 .118815 .121475 .123967 .126284 .128422 .130377 8
9 .072278 .075707 .079113 .082484 .085811 .089082 .092236 .095415 .098457 .101405 9
10 .044090 .046938 .049841 .052790 .055777 .058794 .061832 .064882 .067935 .070983 10
11 .024450 .026456 .028545 .030714 .032959 .035276 .037661 .040109 .042614 .045171 11
12 .012429 .013669 .014986 .016381 .017853 .019402 .021028 .022728 .024503 .026350 12
13 .005832 .006519 .007263 .008064 .008926 .009850 .010837 .011889 .013005 .014188 13
14 .002541 .002887 .003268 .003687 .004144 .004644 .005186 .005774 .006410 .007094 14
15 .001033 .001193 .001373 .001573 .001796 .002043 .002317 .002618 .002949 .003311 15
16 .000394 .000462 .000540 .000629 .000730 .000843 .000970 .001113 .001272 .001448 16
17 .000141 .000169 .000200 .000237 .000219 .000327 .000382 .000445 .000516 .000596 17
18 .000048 .000058 .000070 .000084 .000101 .000120 .000142 .000168 .000198 .000232 18
19 .000015 .000019 .000023 .000028 .000034 .000042 .000050 .000060 .000072 .000085 19
20 .000005 .000006 .000007 .000009 .000011 .000014 .000017 .000020 .000025 .000030 20
21 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000003 .000004 .000005 .000007 .000008 .000010 21
22 — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000003 22
23 — — — — — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 23
 10

TABLE 7 : INDIVIDUAL TERMS, e-mmi/i !, OF THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION—contd.

m
i i
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.0

0 .000825 .000747 .000676 .000611 .000553 .000500 .000453 .000410 .000371 .000335 0
1 .005858 .005375 .004931 .004523 .004148 .003803 .003487 .003196 .002929 .002684 1
2 .020797 .019352 .018000 .016736 .015555 .014453 .013424 .012464 .011569 .010735 2
3 .049219 .046444 .043799 .041282 .038889 .036614 .034455 .032407 .030465 .028626 3
4 .087364 .083598 .079934 .076372 .072916 .069567 .066326 .063193 .060169 .057252 4
5 .124057 .120382 .116703 .113031 .109375 .105742 .102142 .098581 .095067 .091604 5
6 .146800 .144458 .141989 .139405 .136718 .133940 .131082 .128156 .125171 .122138 6
7 .148897 .148586 .148074 .147371 .146484 .145421 .144191 .142802 .141264 .139587 7
8 .132146 .133727 .135118 .136318 .137329 .138150 .136783 .139232 .139499 .139587 8
9 .104249 .106982 .109596 .112084 .114440 .116660 .118737 .120668 .122449 .124077 9
10 .074017 .077027 .080005 .082942 .085830 .088661 .091427 .094121 .096735 .099262 10
11 .047774 .050418 .053094 .055797 .058521 .061257 .063999 .066740 .069473 .072190 11
12 .028267 .030251 .032299 .034408 .036575 .038796 .041066 .043381 .045736 .048127 12
13 .015438 .016754 .018137 .019586 .021101 .022681 .024324 .026029 .027794 .029616 13
14 .007829 .008616 .009457 .010353 .011304 .012312 .013378 .014502 .015684 .016924 14
15 .003706 .004136 .004603 .005107 .005652 .006238 .006867 .007541 .008260 .009026 15
16 .001644 .001861 .002100 .002362 .002649 .002963 .003305 .003676 .004078 .004513 16
17 .000687 .000788 .000902 .001028 .001169 .001325 .001497 .001687 .001895 .002124 17
18 .000271 .000315 .000366 .000423 .000487 .000559 .000640 .000731 .000832 .000944 18
19 .000101 .000119 .000141 .000165 .000192 .000224 .000259 .000300 .000346 .000397 19
20 .000036 .000043 .000051 .000061 .000072 .000085 .000100 .000117 .000137 .000159 20
21 .000012 .000015 .000018 .000021 .000026 .000031 .000037 .000043 .000051 .000061 21
22 .000004 .000005 .000006 .000007 .000009 .000011 .000013 .000015 .000018 .000022 22
23 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000004 000004 .000005 .000006 .000008 23
24 — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 000001 .000002 .000002 .000003 24
25 — — — — — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 25

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.0

0 .000304 .000275 .000249 .000225 .000203 .000184 .000167 .000151 .000136 .000123 0
1 .002459 .002252 .002063 .001889 .001729 .001583 .001449 .001326 .001214 .001111 1
2 .009958 .009234 .008560 .007933 .007350 .006808 .006304 .005836 .005402 .004998 2
3 .026885 .025239 .023683 .022213 .020826 .019517 .018283 .017120 .016025 .014994 3
4 .054443 .051740 .049142 .046648 .044255 .041961 .039765 .037664 .035656 .033737 4
5 .088198 .084854 .081576 .078368 .075233 .072174 .069192 .066289 .063467 .060727 5
6 .119067 .115967 .112847 .109716 .106581 .103449 .100328 .097224 .094143 .091090 6
7 .137778 .135848 .133805 .131659 .129419 .127094 .124693 .122224 .119696 .117116 7
8 .139500 .139244 .138823 .138242 .137508 .136626 .135604 .134446 .133161 .131756 8
9 .125550 .126866 .128025 .129026 .129869 .130554 .131084 .131459 .131682 .131756 9
10 .101696 .104031 .106261 .108382 .110388 .112277 .114043 .115684 .117197 .118580 10
11 .074885 .077550 .080179 .082764 .085300 .087780 .090197 .092547 .094823 .097020 11
12 .050547 .052993 .055457 .057935 .060421 .062909 .065393 .067868 .070327 .072765 12
13 .031495 .033426 .035407 .037435 .039506 .041617 .043763 .045941 .048147 .050376 13
14 .018222 .019578 .020991 .022461 .023986 .025565 .027196 .028877 .030608 .032384 14
15 .009840 .010703 .011615 .012578 .013592 .014657 .015773 .016941 .018161 .019431 15
16 .004981 .005485 .006025 .006604 .007221 .007878 .008577 .009318 .010102 .010930 16
17 .002373 .002646 .002942 .003263 .003610 .003985 .004389 .004823 .005289 .005786 17
18 .001068 .001205 .001356 .001523 .001705 .001904 .002121 .002358 .002615 .002893 18
19 .000455 .000520 .000593 .000673 .000763 .000862 .000971 .001092 .001225 .001370 19
20 .000184 .000213 .000246 .000283 .000324 .000371 .000423 .000481 .000545 .000617 20
 11

TABLE 7 : INDIVIDUAL TERMS, e-mmi/i !, OF THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION—contd.

m
i i
8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9.0

21 .000071 .000083 .000097 .000113 .000131 .000152 .000175 .000201 .000231 .000264 21
22 .000026 .000031 .000037 .000043 .000051 .000059 .000069 .000081 .000093 .000108 22
23 .000009 .000011 .000013 .000016 .000019 .000022 .000026 .000031 .000036 .000042 23
24 .000003 .000004 .000005 .000006 .000007 .000008 .000009 .000011 .000013 .000016 24
25 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000003 .000004 .000005 .000006 25
26 — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 26
27 — — — — — — — — .000001 .000001 27

9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.0

0 .000112 .000101 .000091 .000083 .000075 .000068 .000061 .000055 .000050 .000045 0
1 .001016 .000930 .000850 .000778 .000711 .000650 .000594 .000543 .000497 .000454 1
2 .004624 .004276 .003954 .003655 .003378 .003121 .002883 .002663 .002459 .002270 2
3 .014025 .013113 .012256 .011452 .010696 .009987 .009322 .008698 .008114 .007567 3
4 .031906 .030160 .028496 .026911 .025403 .023969 .022606 .021311 .020082 .018917 4
5 .058069 .055494 .053002 .050593 .048266 .046020 .043855 .041770 .039763 .037883 5
6 .088072 .085091 .082154 .079262 .076421 .073632 .070899 .068224 .065609 .063055 6
7 .114493 .111834 .109147 .106438 .103714 .100981 .098246 .095514 .092790 .090079 7
8 .130236 .128609 .126883 .125065 .123160 .121178 .119123 .117004 .114827 .112599 8
9 .131683 .131467 .131113 .130623 .130003 .129256 .128388 .127405 .126310 .125110 9
10 .119832 .120950 .121935 .122786 .123502 .124086 .124537 .124857 .125047 .125110 10
11 .099133 .101158 .103090 .104926 .106661 .108293 .109819 .111236 .112542 .113736 11
12 .075176 .077555 .079895 .082192 .084440 .086634 .088770 .090843 .092847 .094780 12
13 .052623 .054885 .057156 .059431 .061706 .063976 .066236 .068481 .070707 .072908 13
14 .034205 .036067 .037968 .039904 .041872 .043869 .045892 .047937 .050000 .052077 14
15 .020751 .022121 .023540 .025006 .026519 .028076 .029677 .031319 .033000 .034718 15
16 .011802 .012720 .013683 .014691 .015746 .016846 .017992 .019183 .020419 .021699 16
17 .006318 .006884 .007485 .008123 .008799 .009513 .010266 .011058 .011891 .012764 17
18 .003194 .003518 .003867 .004242 .004644 .005074 .005532 .006021 .006540 .007091 18
19 .001530 .001704 .001893 .002099 .002322 .002563 .002824 .003105 .003408 .003732 19
20 .000696 .000784 .000880 .000986 .001103 .001230 .001370 .001522 .001687 .001866 20
21 .000302 .000343 .000390 .000442 .000499 .000563 .000633 .000710 .000795 .000889 21
22 .000125 .000144 .000165 .000189 .000215 .000245 .000279 .000316 .000358 .000404 22
23 .000049 .000057 .000067 .000077 .000089 .000102 .000118 .000135 .000154 .000176 23
24 .000019 .000022 .000026 .000030 .000035 .000041 .000048 .000055 .000064 .000073 24
25 .000007 .000008 .000010 .000011 .000013 .000016 .000018 .000022 .000025 .000029 25
26 .000002 .000003 .000003 .000004 .000005 .000006 .000007 .000008 .000010 .000011 26
27 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000004 .000004 27
28 — — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 28
29 — — — — — — — — — .000001 29

10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 11.0

0 .000041 .000037 .000034 .000030 .000028 .000025 .000023 .000020 .000018 .000017 0
1 .000415 .000379 .000346 .000317 .000289 .000264 .000241 .000220 .000201 .000184 1
2 .002095 .001934 .001784 .001646 .001518 .001400 .001291 .001190 .001097 .001010 2
3 .007054 .006574 .006125 .005705 .005313 .004946 .004603 .004283 .003984 .003705 3
 12

TABLE 7 : INDIVIDUAL TERMS, e-mmi/i !, OF THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION—contd.

m
i i
10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 11.0

4 .017811 .016764 .015773 .014834 .013946 .013107 .012313 .011564 .010856 .010189 4
5 .035979 .034199 .032492 .030855 .029287 .027786 .026350 .024978 .023667 .022415 5
6 .060565 .058139 .055777 .053482 .051252 .049089 .046991 .044960 .042995 .041095 6
7 .087387 .084716 .082072 .079458 .076878 .074334 .071830 .069367 .066949 .064577 7
8 .110326 .108013 .105668 .103296 .100902 .098493 .096072 .093646 .091218 .088794 8
9 .123810 .122415 .120931 .119364 .117720 .116003 .114219 .112375 .110475 .108526 9
10 .125048 .124863 .124559 .124139 .123606 .122963 .122215 .121365 .120418 .119378 10
11 .114817 .115782 .116633 .117368 .117987 .118492 .118882 .119159 .119323 .119378 11
12 .096637 .098415 .100110 .101719 .103239 .104667 .106003 .107243 .108386 .109430 12
13 .075080 .077218 .079318 .081375 .083385 .085344 .087248 .089094 .090877 .092595 13
14 .054165 .056259 .058355 .060450 .062539 .064618 .066683 .068730 .070754 .072753 14
15 .036471 .038256 .040071 .041912 .043777 .045663 .047567 .049485 .051415 .053352 15
16 .023022 .024388 .025795 .027243 .028729 .030252 .031810 .033403 .035026 .036680 16
17 .013678 .014633 .015629 .016666 .017744 .018863 .020022 .021220 .022458 .023734 17
18 .007675 .008292 .008943 .009629 .010351 .011108 .011902 .012732 .013600 .014504 18
19 .004080 .004451 .004848 .005271 .005720 .006197 .006703 .007237 .007802 .008397 19
20 .002060 .002270 .002497 .002741 .003003 .003285 .003586 .003908 .004252 .004618 20
21 .000991 .001103 .001225 .001357 .001502 .001658 .001827 .002010 .002207 .002419 21
22 .000455 .000511 .000573 .000642 .000717 .000799 .000889 .000987 .001093 .001210 22
23 .000200 .000227 .000257 .000290 .000327 .000368 .000413 .000463 .000518 .000578 23
24 .000084 .000096 .000110 .000126 .000143 .000163 .000184 .000208 .000235 .000265 24
25 .000034 .000039 .000045 .000052 .000060 .000069 .000079 .000090 .000103 .000117 25
26 .000013 .000015 .000018 .000021 .000024 .000028 .000032 .000037 .000043 .000049 26
27 .000005 .000006 .000007 .000008 .000009 .000011 .000013 .000015 .000017 .000020 27
28 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000003 .000004 .000004 .000005 .000006 .000007 .000008 28
29 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000003 29
30 — — — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 30

11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 12.0

0 .000015 .000014 .000012 .000011 .000010 .000009 .000008 .000008 .000007 .000006 0
1 .000168 .000153 .000140 .000128 .000116 .000106 .000097 .000089 .000081 .000074 1
2 .000931 .000858 .000790 .000727 .000670 .000617 .000568 .000522 .000481 .000442 2
3 .003445 .003202 .002976 .002764 .002568 .002385 ,002214 .002055 .001907 .001770 3
4 .009559 .008965 .008406 .007879 .007382 .006915 .006476 .006062 .005674 .005309 4
5 .021221 .020082 .018997 .017963 .016979 .016043 .015153 .014307 .013504 .012741 5
6 .039259 .037487 .035778 .034130 .032544 .031017 .029549 .028137 .026782 .025481 6
7 .062253 .059979 .057755 .055584 .053465 .051400 .049388 .047432 .045530 .043682 7
8 .086376 .083970 .081579 .079206 .076856 .074529 .072231 .069962 .067725 .065523 8
9 .106531 .104496 .102427 .100328 .098204 .096060 .093900 .091728 .089548 .087364 9
10 .118249 .117036 .115743 .114374 .112935 .111430 109863 .108239 .106562 .104837 10
11 .119324 .119164 .118899 .118533 .118068 .117508 .116854 .116110 .115281 .114368 11
12 .110375 .111220 .111964 .112607 .113149 .113591 .113933 .114175 .114320 .114363 12
13 .094243 .095820 .097322 .098747 .100093 .101358 .102539 .103636 .104647 .105570 13
14 .074721 .076656 .078553 .080409 .082219 .083982 .085694 .087350 .088950 .090489 14
15 .055294 .057236 .059177 .061110 .063035 .064946 .066841 .068716 .070567 .072391 15
16 .038360 .040065 .041793 .043541 .045306 .047086 .048877 .050678 .052484 .054293 16
17 .025047 .026396 .027780 .029198 .030648 .032129 .033639 .035176 .036739 .038325 17
18 .015446 .016424 .017440 .018492 .019581 .020706 .021865 .023060 .024288 .025550 18
19 .009023 .009682 .010372 .011095 .011852 .012641 .013465 .014322 .015212 .016137 19
 13

TABLE 7 : INDIVIDUAL TERMS, e-mmi/i !, OF THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION—contd.

m
i i
11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 11.7 11.8 11.9 12.0

20 .005008 .005422 .005860 .006324 .006815 .007332 .007877 .008450 .009051 .009682 20
21 .002647 .002892 .003153 .003433 .003732 .004050 .004388 .004748 .005129 .005533 21
22 .001336 .001472 .001620 .001779 .001951 .002136 .002334 .002547 .002774 .003018 22
23 .000645 .000717 .000796 .000882 .000975 .001077 .001187 .001307 .001435 .001575 23
24 .000298 .000335 .000375 .000419 .000467 .000521 .000579 .000642 .000712 .000787 24
25 .000132 .000150 .000169 .000191 .000215 .000242 .000271 .000303 .000339 .000378 25
26 .000057 .000065 .000074 .000084 .000095 .000108 .000122 .000138 .000155 .000174 26
27 .000023 .000027 .000031 .000035 .000041 .000046 .000053 .000060 .000068 .000078 27
28 .000009 .000011 .000012 .000014 .000017 .000019 .000022 .000025 .000029 .000033 28
29 .000004 .000004 .000005 .000006 .000007 .000008 .000009 .000010 .000012 .000014 29
30 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000003 .000003 .000004 .000005 .000005 30
31 — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000002 31
32 — — — — — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 32

12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 13.0

0 .000006 .000005 .000005 .000004 .000004 .000003 .000003 .000003 .000002 .000002 0
1 .000067 .000061 .000056 .000051 .000047 .000042 .000039 .000035 .000032 .000029 1
2 .000407 .000374 .000344 .000317 .000291 .000268 .000246 .000226 .000208 .000191 2
3 .001641 .001522 .001412 .001309 .001213 .001124 .001042 .000965 .000894 .000828 3
4 .004966 .004643 .004341 .004057 .003791 .003541 .003307 .003088 .002882 .002690 4
5 .012017 .011330 .010679 .010062 .009477 .008924 .008400 .007905 .007436 .006994 5
6 .024233 .023037 .021802 .020794 .019744 .018740 .017781 .016864 .015988 .015153 6
7 .041889 .040151 .038467 .036836 .035258 .033733 .032259 .030837 .029464 .028141 7
8 .063358 .061230 .059142 .057095 .055091 .053129 .051212 .049339 .047511 .045730 8
9 .085181 .083000 .080828 .078665 .076515 .074381 .072266 .070171 .068100 .066054 9
10 .103069 .101261 .099418 .097544 .095644 .093720 .091777 .089819 .087849 .085870 10
11 .113376 .112308 .111168 .109959 .108686 .107352 .105961 .104516 .103023 .101483 11
12 .114321 .114180 .113947 .113624 .113215 .112720 .112142 .111484 .110749 .109940 12
13 .106406 .107153 .107811 .108380 .108860 .109251 .109554 .109769 .109897 .109940 13
14 .091965 .093376 .094720 .097197 .097197 .098326 .099381 .100360 .101263 .102087 14
15 .074185 .075946 .077670 .079355 .080997 .082594 .084143 .085641 .087086 .088475 15
16 .056103 .057909 .059709 .061500 .063279 .065043 .066788 .068513 .070213 .071886 16
17 .039932 .041558 .043201 .044859 .046529 .048208 .049895 .051586 .053279 .054972 17
18 .026843 .028167 .029521 .030903 .032312 .033746 .035204 .036683 .038183 .039702 18
19 .017095 .018086 .019111 .020168 .021258 .022379 .023531 .024713 .025925 .027164 19
20 .010342 .011033 .011753 .012504 .013286 .014099 .014942 .015816 .016721 .017657 20
21 .005959 .006409 .006884 .007383 .007908 .008459 .009036 .009640 .010272 .010930 21
22 .003278 .003554 .003849 .004162 .004493 .004845 .005216 .005609 .006023 .006459 22
23 .001724 .001885 .002058 .002244 .002442 .002654 .002880 .003122 .003378 .003651 23
24 .000869 .000958 .001055 .001159 .001272 .001393 .001524 .001665 .001816 .001977 24
25 .000421 .000468 .000519 .000575 .000636 .000702 .000774 .000852 .000937 .001028 25
26 .000196 .000219 .000246 .000274 .000306 .000340 .000378 .000420 .000465 .000514 26
27 .000088 .000099 .000112 .000126 .000142 .000159 .000178 .000199 .000222 .000248 27
28 .000038 .000043 .000049 .000056 .000063 .000071 .000081 .000091 .000102 .000115 28
29 .000016 .000018 .000021 .000024 .000027 .000031 .000035 .000040 .000046 .000052 29
30 .000006 .000007 .000009 .000010 .000011 .000013 .000015 .000017 .000020 .000022 30
31 .000002 .000003 .000003 .000004 .000005 .000005 .000006 .000007 .000008 .000009 31
32 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000003 .000004 32
33 — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 33
34 — — — — — — — — — .000001 34
 14

TABLE 7 : INDIVIDUAL TERMS, e-mmi/i !, OF THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION—contd.

m
i i
13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 13.7 13.8 13.9 14.0

0 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 0
1 .000027 .000024 .000022 .000020 .000019 .000017 .000015 .000014 .000013 .000012 1
2 .000175 .000161 .000148 .000136 .000125 .000115 .000105 .000097 .000089 .000081 2
3 .000768 .000709 .000657 .000608 .000562 .000520 .000481 .000445 .000411 .000380 3
4 .002510 .002341 .002183 .002035 .001897 .001768 .001648 .001535 .001429 .001331 4
5 .006575 .006180 .005807 .005455 .005123 .004810 .004514 .004236 .003974 .003727 5
6 .014356 .013596 .012872 .012183 .011526 .010902 .010308 .009743 .009206 .008696 6
7 .026867 .025639 .024458 .023322 .022230 .021181 .020173 .019207 .018280 .017392 7
8 .043994 .042304 .040661 .039064 .037512 .036007 .034547 .033132 .031762 .030435 8
9 .064036 .062046 .060088 .058161 .056269 .054410 .052588 .050802 .049054 .047344 9
10 .083887 .081901 .079916 .077936 .075963 .073998 .072046 .070107 .068185 .066282 10
11 .099901 .098281 .096626 .094940 .093227 .091489 .089730 .087953 .086162 .084359 11
12 .109059 .108109 .107094 .106017 .104880 .103687 .102441 .101146 .099804 .098418 12
13 .109898 .109773 .109566 .109279 .108914 .108473 .107957 .107370 .106713 .105989 13
14 .102833 .103500 .104087 .104595 .105024 .105373 .105644 .105836 .105951 .105989 14
15 .089807 .091080 .092291 .093439 .094522 .095539 .096488 .097369 .098181 .098923 15
16 .073530 .075141 .076717 .078255 .079753 .081208 .082618 .083981 .085295 .086558 16
17 .056661 .058345 .060019 .061683 .063333 .064966 .066580 .068173 .069741 .071283 17
18 .041237 .042786 .044348 .045920 .047500 .049086 .050675 .052266 .053856 .055442 18
19 .028432 .029725 .031043 .032385 .033750 .035135 .036539 .037962 .039400 .040852 19
20 .018623 .019619 .020644 .021698 .022781 .023892 .025030 .026193 .027383 .028597 20
21 .011617 .012332 .013074 .013846 .014645 .015473 .016329 .017213 .018125 .019064 21
22 .006917 .007399 .007904 .008433 .008987 .009565 .010168 .010797 .011452 .012132 22
23 .003940 .004246 .004571 .004913 .005275 .005656 .006057 .006478 .006921 .007385 23
24 .002151 .002336 .002533 .002743 .002967 .003205 .003457 .003725 .004008 .004308 24
25 .001127 .001233 .001348 .001470 .001602 .001744 .001895 .002056 .002229 .002412 25
26 .000568 .000626 .000689 .000758 .000832 .000912 .000998 .001091 .001191 .001299 26
27 .000275 .000306 .000340 .000376 .000416 .000459 .000507 .000558 .000613 .000674 27
28 .000129 .000144 .000161 .000180 .000201 .000223 .000248 .000275 .000305 .000337 28
29 .000058 .000066 .000074 .000083 .000093 .000105 .000117 .000131 .000146 .000163 29
30 .000025 .000029 .000033 .000037 .000042 .000047 .000053 .000060 .000068 .000076 30
31 .000011 .000012 .000014 .000016 .000018 .000021 .000024 .000027 .000030 .000034 31
32 .000004 .000005 .000006 .000007 .000008 .000009 .000010 .000012 .000013 .000015 32
33 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000003 .000004 .000004 .000005 .000006 .000006 33
34 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000003 34
35 — — — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 35

14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 15.0

0 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 — — — — — 0

1 .000011 .000010 .000009 .000008 .000007 .000007 .000006 .000006 .000005 .000005 1
2 .000075 .000069 .000063 .000058 .000053 .000049 .000045 .000041 .000038 .000034 2
3 .000352 .000325 .000300 .000277 .000256 .000237 .000219 .000202 .000186 .000172 3
4 .001239 .001153 .001073 .000999 .000929 .000864 .000803 .000747 .000694 .000645 4
5 .003494 .003275 .003070 .002876 .002694 .002523 .002362 .002211 .002069 .001936 5
6 .008212 .007752 .007316 .006902 .006510 .006139 .005787 .005454 .005138 .004839 6
7 .016541 .015726 .014946 .014199 .013486 .012804 .012152 .011530 .010937 .010370 7
8 .029153 .027913 .026715 .025559 .024443 .023367 .022330 .021331 .020370 .019444 8
9 .045673 .044040 .042447 .040894 .039380 .037907 .036472 .035078 .033723 .032407 9
10 .064399 .062537 .060700 .058887 .057101 .055343 .053614 .051915 .050247 .048611 10
11 .082547 .080730 .078910 .077089 .075270 .073456 .071648 .069850 .068062 .066287 11
 15

TABLE 7 : INDIVIDUAL TERMS, e-mmi/i !, OF THE POISSON DISTRIBUTION—contd.

m
i i
14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 14.9 15.0

12 .096993 .095530 .094034 .092507 .090951 .089371 .087769 .086148 .084510 .082859 12
13 .105200 .104349 .103437 .102469 .101446 .100371 .099247 .098076 .096862 .095607 13
14 .105951 .105839 .105654 .105396 .105069 .104672 .104209 .103681 .103089 .102436 14
15 .099594 .100195 .100723 .101181 .101567 .101881 .102125 .102298 .102402 .102436 15
16 .087768 .088923 .090021 .091063 .092045 .092967 .093827 .094626 .095361 .096034 16
17 .072795 .074277 .075724 .077135 .078509 .079842 .081133 .082380 .083581 .084736 17
18 .057023 .058596 .060158 .061708 .063243 .064761 .066259 .067735 .069187 .070613 18
19 .042317 .043793 .045277 .046768 .048264 .049763 .051263 .052762 .054257 .055747 19
20 .029834 .031093 .032373 .033673 .034992 .036327 .037678 .039044 .040422 .041810 20
21 .020031 .021025 .022045 .023090 .024161 .025256 .026375 .027517 .028680 .029865 21
22 .012838 .013570 .014329 .015114 .015924 .016761 .017623 .018511 .019424 .020362 22
23 .007870 .008378 .008909 .009462 .010039 .010640 .011264 .011911 .012584 .013280 23
24 .004624 .004957 .005308 .005677 .006065 .006472 .006899 .007345 .007812 .008300 24
25 .002608 .002816 .003036 .003270 .003518 .003780 .004057 .004348 .004656 .004980 25
26 .001414 .001538 .001670 .001811 .001962 .002123 .002294 .002475 .002668 .002873 26
27 .000739 .000809 .000884 .000966 .001054 .001148 .001249 .001357 .001473 .001596 27
28 .000372 .000410 .000452 .000497 .000546 .000598 .000656 .000717 .000784 .000855 28
29 .000181 .000201 .000223 .000247 .000273 .000301 .000332 .000366 .000403 .000442 29
30 .000085 .000095 .000106 .000118 .000132 .000147 .000163 .000181 .000200 .000221 30
31 .000039 .000044 .000049 .000055 .000062 .000069 .000077 .000086 .000096 .000107 31
32 .000017 .000019 .000022 .000025 .000028 .000032 .000035 .000040 .000045 .000050 32
33 .000007 .000008 .000009 .000011 .000012 .000014 .000016 .000018 .000020 .000023 33
34 .000003 .000003 .000004 .000005 .000005 .000006 .000007 .000008 .000009 .000010 34
35 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000002 .000003 .000003 .000004 .000004 35
36 — .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000001 .000002 .000002 36
37 — — — — — — — .000001 .000001 .000001 37
 16

TABLE 8 : FACTORIALS OF INTEGERS, THEIR LOGARITHMS; SQUARE ROOTS;

AND THEIR RECIPROCALS

1 1 1
n n !* log10 n! —– † √n —— —–
n! √ n n

1 1 0.000 0000 1.000 000 1.000 0000 1.000 0000 1.000 0000
2 2 0.301 0300 0.500 000 1.414 2136 0.707 1068 0.500 0000
3 8 0.778 1513 .166 667 1.732 0508 .577 3503 .883 8338
4 24 1.380 2112 .416 667 2.000 0000 .500 0000 .250 0000
5 120 2.079 1812 .833 333 2.236 0680 .447 2136 .200 0000

6 720 2.857 3325 0.138 889 2.449 4897 0.408 2483 0.166 6667
7 5040 3.702 4305 .198 413 2.645 7513 .877 9645 .142 8571
8 40320 4.605 5205 .248 016 2.828 4271 .353 5534 .125 0000
9 362880 5.559 7630 .275 573 3.000 0000 .838 8338 .111 1111
10 3.62880 6.559 7630 .275 573 3.162 2777 .316 2278 .100 0000

11 3.99168 7.601 1557 0.250 521 3.316 6248 0.301 6113 0.090 9091
12 4.79002 8.680 3370 .208 768 3.464 1016 .288 6751 .083 3333
13 6.22702 9.794 2803 .160 590 3.605 5513 .277 3501 .076 9231
14 8.71783 10.940 4084 .114 707 3.741 6574 .267 2612 .071 4286
15 1.30767 12.116 4996 .764 716 3.872 9833 .258 1989 .066 6667

16 2.09228 13.320 6196 0.477 948 4.000 0000 0.250 0000 0.062 5000
17 3.55687 14.551 0685 .281 146 4.123 1056 .242 5356 .058 8235
18 6.40237 15.806 3410 .156 192 4.242 6407 .235 7023 .055 5556
19 1.21645 17.085 0946 .822 064 4.358 8989 .229 4157 .052 6316
20 2.43290 18.386 1246 .411 032 4.472 1360 .223 6068 .050 0000

21 5.10909 19.708 3439 0.195 729 4.582 5757 0.218 2179 0.047 8190
22 1.12400 21.050 7666 .889 679 4.690 4158 .213 2007 ..045 4545
23 2.58520 22.412 4944 .386 817 4.795 8315 .208 5144 .043 4783
24 6.20448 23.792 7057 .161 174 4.898 9795 .204 1241 .041 6667
25 1.55112 25.190 6457 .644 695 5.000 0000 .200 0000 .030 0000

26 4.03291 26.605 6190 0.247 960 5.099 0195 0.196 1161 0.038 4615
27 1.08889 28.036 9828 .918 369 5.196 1524 .192 4501 .037 0370
28 3.04888 29.484 1408 .327 989 5.291 5026 .188 9822 .035 7143
29 8.84176 30.946 5388 .113 100 5.385 1648 .185 6953 .034 4828
30 2.65253 32.423 6601 .376 999 5.477 2256 .182 5742 .033 3333

31 8.22284 33.915 0218 0.121 613 5.567 7644 0.179 6053 0.032 2581
32 2.63131 35.420 1717 .380 039 5.656 8542 .176 7767 .031 2500
33 8.68332 36.938 6857 .115 163 5.744 5626 .174 0777 .030 3030
34 2.95233 38.470 1646 .338 716 5.830 9519 .171 4986 .029 4118
35 1.03331 40.014 2326 .967 759 5.916 0798 .169 0309 .028 5714

36 3.71993 41.570 5351 0.268 822 6.000 0000 0.166 6667 0.027 7778
37 1.37638 43.138 7369 .726 546 6.082 7625 .164 3990 .027 0270
38 5.23023 44.718 5205 .191 196 6.164 4140 .162 2214 .026 3158
39 2.03979 46.309 5851 .490 247 6.244 9980 .160 1282 .025 6410
40 8.15915 47.911 6451 .122 562 6.324 5553 .158 1139 .025 0000

41 3.34525 49.524 4289 0.298 931 6.403 1242 0.156 1738 0.024 3902
42 1.40501 51.147 6782 .711 741 6.480 7407 .154 3034 .023 8095
43 6.04153 52.781 1467 .165 521 6.557 4385 .152 4986 .023 2558
44 2.65827 54.424 5993 .376 184 6.633 2496 .150 7557 .022 7273
45 1.19622 56.077 8119 .835 965 6.708 2039 .149 0712 .022 2222

46 5.50262 57.740 5697 0.181 732 6.782 3300 0.147 4420 0.021 7391
47 2.58623 59.412 6676 .386 663 6.855 6546 .145 8650 .021 2766
48 1.24139 61.093 9088 .805 548 6.928 2032 .144 3376 .020 8333
49 6.08282 62.784 1049 .164 397 7.000 0000 .142 8571 .020 4082
50 3.04141 64.483 0749 .328 795 7.071 0678 .141 4214 .020 0000
* For n > 9, multiply by 10c, where c is the characteristic of log n ! shown alongside in the next column.
† Multiply by 10–c, where c is the characteristic of log n ! shown in the preceding column.
 17

TABLE 8 (continued)
1 1 1
n n !* log10 n! —– † √n —— —–
n! √ n n

51 1.55112 66.190 6450 0.644 696 7.141 4284 0.140 0280 0.019 6078
52 8.06582 67.906 6484 .123 980 7.211 1026 .138 6750 .019 2308
53 4.27488 69.630 9243 .233 925 7.280 1099 .137 3606 .018 8679
54 2.30844 71.363 3180 .433 194 7.348 4692 .136 0828 .018 5185
55 1.26964 73.103 0807 .787 625 7.416 1985 .134 8400 .018 1818

56 7.10999 74.851 8687 0.140 647 7.483 3148 0.133 6306 0.017 8571
57 4.05269 76.607 7436 .246 750 7.549 8344 .132 4532 .017 5439
58 2.35056 78.371 1716 .425 430 7.615 7731 .131 3064 .017 2414
59 1.38683 80.142 0236 .721 068 7.681 1457 .130 1889 .016 9492
60 8.32099 81.920 1748 .120 178 7.745 9667 .129 0994 .016 6667

61 5.07580 83.705 5047 0.197 013 7.810 2497 0.128 0369 0.016 3934
62 3.14700 85.497 8964 .317 763 7.874 0079 .127 0001 .016 1290
63 1.98261 87.297 2369 .504 386 7.937 2539 .125 9882 .015 8730
64 1.26887 89.103 4169 .788 103 8.000 0000 .125 0000 .015 6250
65 8.24765 90.916 3303 .121 247 8.062 2577 .124 0347 .015 3846

66 5.44345 92.735 8742 0.183 707 8.124 0384 0.123 0915 0.015 1515
67 3.64711 94.561 9490 .274 190 8.185 3528 .122 1694 .014 9254
68 2.48004 96.394 4579 .403 220 8.246 2113 .121 2678 .014 7059
69 1.71122 98.233 3070 .584 377 8.306 6239 .120 3859 .014 4928
70 1.19786 100.078 4050 .834 824 8.366 6003 .119 5229 .014 2857

71 8.50479 101.929 6634 0.117 581 8.426 1498 0.118 6782 0.014 0845
72 6.12345 103.786 9959 .163 307 8.485 2814 .117 8511 .013 8889
73 4.47012 105.650 3187 .223 708 8.544 0037 .117 0411 .013 6986
74 3.30789 107.519 5505 .302 308 8.602 3253 .116 2476 .013 5135
75 2.48091 109.394 6117 .403 077 8.660 2540 .115 4701 .013 3333

76 1.88549 111.275 4253 0.530 365 8.717 7979 0.114 7079 0.013 1579
77 1.45183 113.161 9160 .688 785 8.774 9644 .113 9606 .012 9870
78 1.13243 115.054 0106 .883 058 8.831 7609 .113 2277 .012 8205
79 8.94618 116.951 6377 .111 780 8.888 1944 .112 5088 .012 6582
80 7.15695 118.854 7277 .139 724 8.944 2719 .111 8034 .012 5000

81 5.79713 120.763 2127 0.172 499 9.000 0000 0.111 1111 0.012 8457
82 4.75364 122.677 0266 .210 365 9.055 3851 .110 4315 .012 1951
83 3.94552 124.596 1047 .253 452 9.110 4336 .109 7643 .012 0482
84 3.31424 126.520 3840 .301 728 9.165 1514 .109 1089 .011 9048
85 2.81710 128.449 8029 .354 974 9.219 5445 .108 4652 .011 7647

86 2.42271 130.384 3013 0.412 761 9.273 6185 0.107 8328 0.011 6279
87 2.10776 132.323 8206 .474 438 9.327 3791 .107 2113 .011 4943
88 1.85488 134.268 3033 .539 134 9.380 8315 .106 6004 .011 3636
89 1.65080 136.217 6933 .605 769 9.433 9811 .105 9998 .011 2360
90 1.48572 138.171 9358 .673 076 9.486 8330 .105 4093 .011 1111

91 1.35200 140.130 9772 0.739 644 9.539 3920 0.104 8285 0.010 9890
92 1.24384 142.094 7650 .803 961 9.591 6630 .104 2572 .010 8696
93 1.15677 144.063 2480 .864 474 9.643 6508 .103 6952 .010 7527
94 1.08737 146.036 3758 .919 653 9.695 3597 .103 1421 .010 6383
95 1.03300 148.014 0994 .968 056 9.746 7943 .102 5978 .010 5263

96 9.91678 149.996 3707 0.100 839 9.797 9590 0.102 0621 0.010 4167
97 9.61928 151.983 1424 .103 958 9.848 8578 .101 5346 .010 3093
98 9.42689 153.974 3685 .106 080 9.899 4949 .101 0153 .010 2041
99 9.33262 155.970 0037 .107 151 9.949 8744 .100 5038 .010 1010
100 9.33262 157.970 0037 .107 151 10.000 0000 .100 0000 .010 0000

* For n>9, multiply by 10c, where c is the characteristic of log n ! shown alongside in the next column.
† Multiply by 10–c, where c is the characteristic of log n ! shown in the preceding column.
 18

TABLE 9 : RANDOM NUMBERS (I)

03 47 43 73 86 36 96 47 36 61 46 98 63 71 62 33 26 16 80 45 60 11 14 10 95
97 74 24 67 62 42 81 14 57 20 42 53 32 37 32 27 07 36 07 51 24 51 79 89 73
16 76 62 27 66 56 50 26 71 07 32 90 79 78 53 13 55 38 58 59 88 97 54 14 10
12 56 85 99 26 96 96 68 27 31 05 03 72 93 15 57 12 10 14 21 88 26 49 81 76
55 59 56 35 64 38 54 82 46 22 31 62 43 09 90 06 18 44 32 53 23 83 01 30 30

16 22 77 94 39 49 54 43 54 82 17 37 93 23 78 87 35 20 96 43 84 26 34 91 64
84 42 17 53 31 57 24 55 06 88 77 04 74 47 67 21 76 33 50 25 83 92 12 06 76
63 01 63 78 59 16 95 55 67 19 98 10 50 71 75 12 86 73 58 07 44 39 52 38 79
33 21 12 34 29 78 64 56 07 82 52 42 07 44 38 15 51 00 13 42 99 66 02 79 54
57 60 86 32 44 09 47 27 96 54 49 17 46 09 62 90 52 84 77 27 08 02 73 43 28

18 18 07 92 46 44 17 16 58 09 79 83 86 19 62 06 76 50 03 10 55 23 64 05 05
26 62 38 97 75 84 16 07 44 99 83 11 46 32 24 20 14 85 88 45 10 93 72 88 71
23 42 40 64 74 82 97 77 77 81 07 45 23 14 08 32 98 94 07 72 93 85 79 10 75
52 36 28 19 95 50 92 26 11 97 00 56 76 31 38 80 22 02 53 53 86 60 42 04 53
37 85 94 35 12 83 39 50 08 30 42 34 07 96 88 54 42 06 87 98 35 85 29 48 39

70 29 17 12 13 40 33 20 38 26 13 89 51 03 74 17 76 37 13 04 07 74 21 19 30
56 62 18 37 35 96 83 50 87 75 97 12 25 93 47 70 33 24 03 54 97 77 46 44 80
99 49 57 22 77 88 42 95 45 72 16 64 36 16 00 04 43 18 66 79 94 77 24 21 90
16 08 15 04 72 33 27 14 34 09 45 59 34 68 49 12 72 07 34 45 99 27 72 95 14
31 16 93 32 43 50 27 89 87 19 20 15 37 00 49 52 85 66 60 44 38 68 88 11 80

68 34 30 13 70 55 74 30 77 40 44 22 78 84 26 04 33 46 09 52 68 07 97 6 57
74 57 25 65 76 59 29 97 68 60 71 91 38 67 54 13 58 18 24 76 15 54 55 95 52
27 42 37 86 53 48 55 90 65 72 96 57 69 36 10 96 46 92 42 45 97 60 49 04 91
00 39 68 29 61 66 37 32 20 30 77 84 57 03 29 10 45 65 04 26 11 04 96 67 24
29 94 98 94 24 68 49 69 10 82 53 75 91 93 30 34 25 20 57 27 40 48 73 51 92

16 90 82 66 59 83 62 64 11 12 67 19 00 71 74 60 47 21 29 68 02 02 37 03 31
11 27 94 75 06 06 09 19 74 66 02 94 37 34 02 76 70 90 30 86 38 45 94 30 38
35 24 10 16 20 33 32 51 26 38 79 78 45 04 91 16 92 53 56 16 02 75 50 95 98
38 23 16 36 38 42 38 97 01 50 87 75 66 81 41 40 01 74 91 62 48 51 84 08 32
31 96 25 91 47 96 44 33 49 13 34 86 82 53 91 00 52 43 48 85 27 55 26 89 62

66 67 40 67 14 64 05 71 95 86 11 05 65 09 68 76 83 20 37 90 57 16 00 11 66
14 90 84 45 11 75 73 88 05 90 52 27 41 14 86 22 98 12 22 08 07 52 74 95 80
68 05 51 18 00 33 96 02 75 19 07 60 62 93 55 59 33 82 43 90 49 37 38 44 59
20 46 78 73 90 97 51 40 14 02 04 02 33 31 08 39 54 16 49 36 47 95 93 13 30
64 19 58 97 79 15 06 15 93 20 01 90 10 75 06 40 78 78 89 62 02 67 74 17 33

05 26 93 70 60 22 35 85 15 13 92 03 51 57 77 59 56 78 06 83 52 91 05 70 74
07 97 10 88 23 09 98 42 99 64 61 71 62 99 15 06 51 29 16 93 58 05 77 09 51
68 71 86 85 85 54 87 66 47 54 73 32 08 11 12 44 95 92 63 16 29 56 24 29 48
26 99 61 65 53 58 37 78 80 70 42 10 50 67 42 32 17 55 85 74 94 44 67 16 94
14 65 52 68 75 87 59 36 22 41 26 78 63 06 55 13 08 87 01 50 15 29 39 39 43

17 53 77 58 71 71 41 61 50 72 12 41 94 96 26 44 95 27 36 99 02 96 74 30 83
90 26 59 21 19 23 52 23 33 12 96 93 02 18 39 07 02 18 36 07 25 99 32 70 23
41 23 52 55 99 31 04 49 69 96 10 47 48 45 88 13 41 43 89 20 97 17 14 49 17
60 20 50 81 69 31 99 73 68 68 35 81 33 03 76 24 30 12 48 60 18 99 10 72 34
91 25 38 05 90 94 58 28 41 36 45 37 59 03 09 90 35 57 29 12 82 62 54 65 60

34 50 57 74 37 98 80 33 00 91 09 77 93 19 82 74 94 80 04 04 45 07 31 66 49
85 22 04 39 43 73 81 53 94 79 33 62 46 86 28 08 31 54 46 31 53 94 13 38 47
09 79 13 77 48 73 82 97 22 21 05 03 27 24 83 72 89 44 05 60 35 80 39 94 88
88 75 80 18 14 22 95 75 42 49 39 32 82 22 49 02 48 07 70 37 16 04 61 67 87
90 96 23 70 00 39 00 03 06 90 55 85 78 38 36 94 37 30 69 32 90 89 00 76 33
 19

TABLE 9 : RANDOM NUMBERS (II)

53 74 23 99 67 61 32 28 69 84 94 62 67 86 24 98 33 41 19 95 47 53 53 38 09
63 38 06 86 54 99 00 65 26 94 02 82 90 23 07 79 62 67 80 60 75 91 12 81 19
35 30 58 21 46 06 72 17 10 94 25 21 31 75 96 49 28 24 00 49 55 65 79 78 07
63 43 36 82 69 65 51 18 37 88 61 38 44 12 45 32 92 85 88 65 54 34 81 85 35
98 25 37 55 26 01 91 82 81 46 74 71 12 94 97 24 02 71 37 07 03 92 18 66 75

02 63 21 17 69 71 50 80 89 56 38 15 70 11 48 43 40 45 86 98 00 83 26 91 03
64 55 22 21 82 48 22 28 06 00 61 54 13 43 91 82 78 12 23 29 06 66 24 12 27
85 07 26 13 89 01 10 07 82 04 59 63 69 36 03 69 11 15 83 80 13 29 54 19 28
58 54 16 24 15 51 54 44 82 00 62 61 65 04 69 38 18 65 18 97 85 72 13 49 21
34 85 27 84 87 61 48 64 56 26 90 18 48 13 26 37 70 15 42 57 65 65 80 39 07

03 92 18 27 46 57 99 16 96 56 30 33 72 85 22 84 64 38 56 98 99 01 30 98 64
62 95 30 27 59 37 75 41 66 48 86 97 80 61 45 23 53 04 01 63 45 76 08 64 27
08 45 93 15 22 60 21 75 46 91 98 77 27 85 42 28 88 61 08 84 69 62 03 42 73
07 08 55 18 40 45 44 75 13 90 24 94 96 61 02 57 55 66 83 15 73 42 37 11 61
01 85 89 95 66 51 10 19 34 88 15 84 97 19 75 12 76 39 43 78 64 63 91 08 25

72 84 71 14 35 19 11 58 49 26 50 11 17 17 76 86 31 57 20 18 95 60 78 46 75
88 78 28 16 84 13 52 53 94 53 75 45 69 30 96 73 89 65 70 31 99 17 43 48 76
45 17 75 65 57 28 40 19 72 12 25 12 14 75 67 60 40 60 81 19 24 62 01 61 16
96 76 28 12 54 22 01 11 94 25 71 96 16 16 88 68 64 36 74 45 19 59 50 88 92
43 31 67 72 30 24 02 94 08 63 38 32 36 66 02 69 36 38 25 39 48 03 45 15 22

50 44 66 44 21 66 06 58 05 62 68 15 54 35 02 42 35 48 96 32 14 52 41 52 48
22 66 22 15 86 26 63 75 41 99 58 42 36 72 24 58 37 52 18 51 03 37 18 39 11
96 24 40 14 51 23 22 30 88 57 95 67 47 29 83 94 69 40 06 07 18 16 36 78 86
31 73 91 61 19 60 20 72 93 48 98 75 07 23 69 65 95 39 69 58 56 80 30 19 44
78 60 73 99 84 43 89 94 36 45 56 69 47 07 41 90 22 91 07 12 78 35 34 08 72

84 37 90 61 56 70 10 23 98 05 85 11 34 76 60 76 48 45 34 60 01 64 18 39 96
36 67 10 08 23 98 93 35 08 86 99 29 76 29 81 33 34 91 58 93 63 14 52 32 52
07 28 59 07 48 89 64 58 89 75 83 85 62 27 89 30 14 78 56 27 86 63 59 80 02
10 15 83 87 60 79 24 31 66 56 21 48 24 06 93 91 98 94 05 49 01 47 59 38 00
55 19 68 97 65 03 73 52 16 56 00 53 55 90 27 33 42 29 38 87 22 13 88 83 34

53 81 29 13 39 35 01 20 71 34 62 33 74 82 14 53 73 19 09 03 56 54 29 56 93
51 86 32 68 92 33 98 74 66 99 40 14 71 94 58 45 94 19 38 81 14 44 99 81 07
35 91 70 29 13 80 03 54 07 27 96 94 78 32 66 50 95 52 74 33 13 80 55 62 54
37 71 67 95 13 20 02 44 95 94 64 85 04 05 72 01 32 90 76 14 53 89 74 60 41
93 66 13 83 27 92 79 64 64 72 28 54 96 53 84 48 14 52 98 94 56 07 93 89 30

02 96 08 45 65 13 05 00 41 84 93 07 54 72 59 21 45 57 09 77 19 48 56 27 44
49 83 43 48 35 82 88 33 69 96 72 36 04 19 76 47 45 15 18 60 82 11 08 95 97
84 60 71 62 46 40 80 81 30 37 34 39 23 05 38 25 15 35 71 30 88 12 57 21 77
18 17 30 88 71 44 91 14 88 47 89 23 30 63 15 56 34 20 47 89 99 82 93 24 98
79 69 10 61 78 71 32 76 95 62 87 00 22 58 40 92 54 01 75 25 43 11 71 99 31

75 93 36 57 83 56 20 14 82 11 74 21 97 90 65 96 42 68 63 86 74 54 13 26 94
38 30 92 29 03 06 28 81 39 38 62 25 06 84 63 61 29 08 93 67 04 32 92 08 09
51 29 50 10 34 31 57 75 95 80 51 97 02 74 77 76 15 48 49 44 18 55 63 77 09
21 31 38 86 24 37 79 81 53 74 73 24 16 10 33 52 83 90 94 76 70 47 14 54 36
29 01 23 87 88 58 02 39 37 67 42 10 14 20 92 16 55 23 42 45 54 96 09 11 06

95 33 95 22 00 18 74 72 00 18 38 79 58 69 32 81 76 80 26 92 82 80 84 25 39
90 84 60 79 80 24 36 59 87 38 82 07 53 89 35 96 35 23 79 18 05 98 90 07 35
46 40 62 98 82 54 97 20 56 95 15 74 80 08 32 16 46 70 50 80 67 72 16 42 79
20 31 89 03 43 38 46 82 68 72 32 14 82 99 70 80 60 47 18 97 63 49 30 21 30
71 59 73 05 50 08 22 23 71 77 91 01 93 20 49 82 96 59 26 94 66 39 67 98 60
 20

TABLE 9 : RANDOM NUMBERS (III)

22 17 68 65 84 68 95 23 92 35 87 02 22 57 51 61 09 43 95 06 58 24 81 03 47
19 36 27 59 46 13 79 93 37 55 39 77 32 77 09 85 52 05 30 62 47 83 51 62 74
16 77 23 02 77 09 61 87 25 21 28 06 24 25 93 16 71 13 59 78 23 05 47 47 25
78 43 76 71 61 20 44 90 32 64 97 67 63 99 61 46 38 03 93 22 69 81 21 99 21
03 28 28 26 08 73 37 32 04 05 69 30 16 09 05 88 69 58 28 99 35 07 44 75 47

93 22 53 64 39 07 10 63 76 35 87 03 04 79 88 08 13 13 85 51 55 34 57 72 69
78 76 58 54 74 92 38 70 96 92 52 06 79 79 45 82 63 18 27 44 69 66 92 19 09
23 68 35 26 00 99 53 93 61 28 52 70 05 48 34 56 65 05 61 86 90 92 10 70 80
15 39 25 70 99 93 86 52 77 65 15 33 59 05 28 22 87 26 07 47 86 96 98 29 06
58 71 96 30 24 18 46 23 34 27 85 13 99 24 44 49 18 09 79 49 74 16 32 23 02

57 35 27 33 72 24 53 63 94 09 41 10 76 47 91 44 04 95 49 66 39 60 04 59 81
48 50 86 54 48 22 06 34 72 52 82 21 15 65 20 33 29 94 71 11 15 91 29 12 03
61 96 48 95 03 07 16 39 33 66 98 56 10 56 79 77 21 30 27 12 90 49 22 23 02
36 93 89 41 26 29 70 83 63 51 99 74 20 52 36 87 09 41 15 09 98 60 16 03 03
18 87 00 42 31 57 90 12 02 07 23 47 37 17 31 54 08 01 88 63 39 41 88 92 10

88 56 53 27 59 33 35 72 67 47 77 34 55 45 70 08 18 27 38 90 16 95 86 70 75
09 72 95 84 29 49 41 31 06 70 42 38 06 45 18 64 84 73 31 65 52 53 37 97 15
12 96 88 17 31 65 19 69 02 83 60 75 86 90 68 24 64 19 35 51 56 61 87 39 12
85 94 57 24 16 92 09 84 38 76 22 00 27 69 85 29 81 94 78 70 21 94 47 90 12
38 64 43 59 98 98 77 87 68 07 91 51 67 62 44 40 98 05 93 78 23 32 65 41 18

53 44 09 42 72 00 41 86 79 79 68 47 22 00 20 35 55 31 51 51 00 83 63 22 55
40 76 66 26 84 57 99 99 90 37 36 63 32 08 58 37 40 13 68 97 87 64 81 07 83
02 17 79 18 05 12 59 52 57 02 22 07 00 47 08 28 14 11 30 79 20 69 22 40 98
95 17 82 06 53 31 51 10 96 46 92 06 88 07 77 56 11 50 81 69 40 23 72 51 39
35 76 22 42 92 96 11 83 44 80 34 68 35 48 77 33 42 40 90 60 73 96 53 97 86

26 29 13 56 41 85 47 04 66 08 34 72 57 59 13 82 43 80 46 15 38 26 61 70 04
77 80 20 75 82 72 82 32 99 90 63 95 73 76 63 89 73 44 99 05 48 67 26 43 18
46 40 66 44 52 91 36 74 43 53 30 82 13 54 00 78 45 63 98 35 55 03 36 67 68
37 56 08 18 09 77 53 84 46 47 31 91 18 95 58 24 16 74 11 53 44 10 13 85 57
61 65 61 68 66 37 27 47 39 19 84 83 70 07 48 53 21 40 06 71 95 06 70 88 54

93 43 69 64 07 34 18 04 52 35 56 27 09 24 86 61 85 53 83 45 19 90 70 99 00
21 96 60 21 99 11 20 99 45 18 48 13 93 55 34 18 37 79 49 90 65 97 38 20 46
95 20 47 97 97 27 37 83 28 71 00 06 41 41 74 45 89 09 39 84 51 67 11 52 49
97 86 21 78 73 10 65 81 92 59 58 76 17 14 97 04 76 62 16 17 17 95 70 45 80
69 92 06 34 13 59 71 74 17 32 27 55 10 24 19 23 71 82 13 74 63 52 52 01 41

04 31 17 21 56 33 73 99 19 87 26 72 39 27 67 53 77 57 68 93 60 61 97 22 61
61 06 98 03 91 87 14 77 43 96 43 00 65 98 50 45 60 33 01 07 98 99 46 50 47
85 93 85 86 88 72 87 08 62 40 16 06 10 89 20 23 21 34 74 97 76 38 03 29 63
21 74 32 47 45 73 96 07 94 52 09 65 90 77 47 25 76 16 19 33 53 05 70 53 30
15 69 53 82 80 79 96 23 53 10 65 39 07 16 29 45 33 02 43 70 02 87 40 41 45

02 89 08 04 49 20 21 14 86 86 87 63 93 95 17 11 29 01 95 80 35 14 97 85 33
87 18 15 89 79 85 43 01 72 73 08 61 74 51 69 89 74 39 82 15 94 51 33 41 67
98 83 71 94 22 59 97 50 99 52 08 52 85 08 40 87 80 61 65 31 91 51 80 32 44
10 08 58 21 66 72 68 49 29 31 89 85 84 46 06 59 73 19 85 23 65 09 29 75 63
47 90 56 10 08 88 02 84 27 83 42 29 72 23 19 66 56 45 65 79 20 71 53 20 25

22 85 01 68 90 49 64 92 85 44 16 40 12 89 88 50 14 49 81 06 01 82 77 45 12
67 80 43 79 33 12 83 11 41 16 25 58 19 68 70 77 02 54 00 52 53 43 37 15 26
27 62 50 96 72 79 44 61 40 15 14 53 40 65 39 27 31 58 50 28 11 39 03 34 25
33 78 80 87 15 38 30 06 38 21 14 47 47 07 26 54 96 87 53 32 40 36 40 96 76
13 13 92 66 99 47 24 49 57 74 32 25 43 62 17 10 97 11 69 84 99 63 22 32 98
 21

TABLE 9 : RANDOM NUMBERS (IV)

10 27 53 96 23 71 50 54 36 23 54 31 04 82 98 04 14 12 15 09 26 78 25 47 47
28 41 50 61 88 64 85 27 20 18 83 36 36 05 56 39 71 65 09 62 94 76 62 11 89
34 21 42 57 02 59 19 18 97 48 80 30 03 30 98 05 24 67 70 07 84 97 50 87 46
61 81 77 23 23 82 82 11 54 08 53 28 70 58 96 44 07 39 55 43 42 34 43 39 28
61 15 18 13 54 16 86 20 26 88 90 74 80 55 09 14 53 90 51 17 52 01 63 01 59

91 76 21 64 64 44 91 13 32 97 75 31 62 66 54 84 80 32 75 77 56 08 25 70 29
00 97 79 08 06 37 30 28 59 85 53 56 68 53 40 01 74 39 59 73 30 19 99 85 48
36 46 18 34 94 75 20 80 27 77 78 91 69 16 00 08 43 18 73 68 67 69 61 34 25
88 98 99 60 50 65 95 79 42 94 93 62 40 89 96 43 56 47 71 66 46 76 29 67 02
04 37 59 87 21 05 02 03 24 17 47 97 81 56 51 92 34 86 01 82 55 51 33 12 91

63 62 06 34 41 94 21 78 55 09 72 76 45 16 94 29 95 81 83 83 79 88 01 97 30
78 47 23 53 90 34 41 92 45 71 09 23 70 70 07 13 38 92 79 43 14 85 11 47 23
87 68 62 15 43 53 14 36 59 25 54 47 33 70 15 59 24 48 40 35 50 03 42 99 36
47 60 92 10 77 88 59 53 11 52 66 25 69 07 04 48 68 64 71 06 61 65 70 22 12
56 88 87 59 41 65 28 04 67 53 95 79 88 37 31 50 41 06 94 76 81 83 17 16 33

02 57 45 86 67 73 43 07 34 48 44 26 87 93 29 77 09 61 67 84 06 69 44 77 75
31 54 14 13 17 48 62 11 90 60 68 12 93 64 28 46 24 79 16 76 14 60 25 51 01
28 50 16 43 36 28 97 85 58 99 67 22 52 76 23 24 70 36 54 54 59 28 61 71 96
63 29 62 66 50 02 63 45 52 38 67 63 47 54 75 83 24 78 43 20 92 63 13 47 48
45 65 58 26 51 76 96 56 38 72 86 57 45 71 46 44 67 76 14 55 44 88 01 62 12

39 65 36 63 70 77 45 85 50 51 74 13 39 35 22 30 53 36 02 95 49 34 88 73 61
73 71 98 16 04 29 18 94 51 23 76 51 94 84 86 79 93 96 38 63 08 58 25 58 94
72 20 56 20 11 72 65 71 08 86 79 57 95 13 91 97 48 72 66 48 09 71 17 24 89
75 17 26 99 76 89 37 20 70 01 77 31 61 95 46 26 97 05 73 51 53 33 18 72 87
37 48 60 82 29 81 30 15 39 14 48 38 75 93 29 06 87 37 78 48 45 56 00 84 47

68 08 02 80 72 83 71 46 30 49 89 17 95 88 29 02 39 56 03 46 97 74 06 56 17
14 23 98 61 67 70 52 85 01 50 01 84 02 78 43 10 62 98 19 41 18 83 99 47 99
49 08 96 21 44 25 27 99 41 28 07 41 08 34 66 19 42 74 39 91 41 96 53 78 72
78 37 06 08 43 63 61 62 42 29 39 68 95 10 96 09 24 23 00 62 56 12 80 73 16
37 21 34 17 68 68 96 83 23 56 32 84 60 15 31 44 73 67 34 77 91 15 79 74 58

14 29 09 34 04 87 83 07 55 07 76 58 30 83 64 87 29 25 58 84 86 50 60 00 25
58 43 28 06 36 49 52 83 51 14 47 56 91 29 34 05 87 31 06 95 12 45 57 09 09
10 43 67 29 70 80 62 80 03 12 10 80 21 38 84 90 56 35 03 09 43 12 74 49 14
44 38 88 39 54 86 97 37 44 22 00 95 01 31 76 17 16 29 56 63 38 78 94 49 81
90 69 56 19 51 85 39 52 85 13 07 28 37 07 61 11 16 36 27 03 78 86 72 04 95

41 47 10 25 62 97 05 31 03 61 20 26 36 31 62 68 69 86 95 44 84 95 48 46 45
91 94 14 63 19 75 89 11 47 11 31 50 34 19 09 79 57 92 36 59 14 93 87 81 40
80 06 54 18 66 09 18 94 06 19 98 40 07 17 81 22 45 44 84 11 24 62 20 42 31
67 72 77 63 48 84 08 31 55 58 24 33 45 77 58 80 45 67 93 82 75 70 16 08 24
59 40 24 13 27 79 26 88 86 30 01 31 60 10 39 53 58 47 70 93 85 81 56 39 38

05 90 35 89 95 01 61 16 96 94 50 78 13 69 36 37 68 53 37 31 71 26 35 03 71
44 43 80 69 98 46 68 05 14 82 90 78 50 05 62 77 79 13 57 44 59 60 10 39 66
61 81 31 96 82 00 57 25 60 59 46 72 60 18 77 55 66 12 62 11 08 99 55 64 57
42 88 07 10 05 24 98 65 63 21 47 21 61 88 32 27 80 30 21 60 10 92 35 36 12
77 94 30 05 39 28 10 99 00 27 12 73 73 99 12 49 99 57 94 82 96 88 57 17 91

78 83 19 76 16 94 11 68 84 26 23 54 20 86 85 23 86 66 99 07 36 37 34 92 09
87 76 59 61 81 43 63 64 61 61 65 76 36 95 90 18 48 27 45 68 27 23 65 30 72
91 43 05 96 47 55 78 99 95 24 37 55 85 78 78 01 48 41 19 10 35 19 54 07 73
84 97 77 72 73 09 62 06 65 72 87 12 49 03 60 41 15 20 76 27 50 47 02 29 16
87 41 60 76 83 44 88 96 07 80 83 05 83 38 96 73 70 66 81 90 30 56 10 48 59
 22

TABLE 9 : RANDOM NUMBERS (V)

28 89 65 87 08 13 50 63 04 23 25 47 57 91 13 52 62 24 19 94 91 67 48 57 10
30 29 43 65 42 78 66 28 55 80 47 46 41 90 08 55 98 78 10 70 49 92 05 12 07
95 74 62 60 53 51 57 32 22 27 12 72 72 27 77 44 67 32 23 13 67 95 07 76 30
01 85 54 96 72 66 86 65 64 60 56 59 75 36 75 46 44 33 63 71 54 50 06 44 75
10 91 46 96 86 19 83 52 47 53 65 00 51 93 51 30 80 05 19 29 56 23 27 19 03

05 33 18 98 51 51 78 57 26 17 34 87 96 23 95 89 99 93 39 79 11 28 94 15 52
04 43 13 37 00 79 68 96 26 60 70 39 83 66 56 62 03 55 86 57 77 55 33 62 02
05 85 40 25 24 73 52 93 70 50 48 21 47 74 63 17 27 27 51 26 35 96 29 00 45
84 90 90 65 77 63 99 25 69 02 09 04 03 35 78 19 79 95 07 21 02 84 48 51 97
28 55 53 09 48 86 28 30 02 35 71 30 32 06 47 93 74 21 86 33 49 90 21 69 74

89 83 40 69 80 97 96 47 59 97 56 33 24 87 36 17 18 16 90 46 75 27 28 52 13
73 20 96 05 68 93 41 69 96 07 97 50 81 79 59 42 37 13 81 83 92 42 85 04 31
10 89 07 76 21 40 24 74 36 42 40 33 04 46 24 35 63 02 31 61 34 59 43 36 96
91 50 27 78 37 06 06 16 25 98 17 78 80 30 85 26 41 77 63 37 71 63 94 94 33
03 45 44 66 88 97 81 20 03 89 39 46 67 21 17 98 10 39 33 15 61 63 00 25 92

89 41 58 91 63 65 99 59 97 84 90 14 79 61 55 56 16 88 87 60 32 15 99 67 43
13 43 00 97 26 16 91 21 32 41 60 22 66 72 27 31 85 33 69 07 68 49 20 43 29
71 71 00 51 72 62 03 89 26 32 35 27 99 18 25 78 12 03 09 70 50 93 19 35 56
19 28 15 00 41 92 27 73 40 38 37 11 05 75 16 98 81 99 37 29 92 20 32 39 67
56 38 30 92 30 45 91 94 69 04 00 84 14 36 37 95 66 39 01 09 21 68 40 95 79

39 27 52 89 11 00 81 06 28 48 12 08 05 75 26 03 35 63 05 77 13 81 20 67 58
73 13 28 58 01 05 06 42 24 07 60 60 29 99 93 72 93 78 04 36 25 76 01 54 03
81 60 84 51 57 12 68 46 55 89 60 09 71 87 89 70 81 10 95 91 83 79 68 20 66
05 62 98 07 85 07 79 26 69 61 67 85 72 37 41 85 79 76 48 23 61 58 87 08 05
62 97 16 29 18 52 16 16 23 56 62 95 80 97 63 32 25 34 03 36 48 84 60 37 65

31 13 63 21 08 16 01 92 58 21 48 79 74 73 72 08 64 80 91 38 07 28 66 61 59
97 38 35 34 19 89 84 05 34 47 88 09 31 54 88 97 96 86 01 69 46 13 95 65 96
32 11 78 33 82 51 99 98 44 39 12 75 10 60 36 80 66 39 94 97 42 36 31 16 59
81 99 13 37 05 08 12 60 39 23 61 73 84 89 18 26 02 04 37 95 96 18 69 06 30
45 74 00 03 05 69 99 47 26 52 48 06 30 00 18 03 30 28 55 59 66 10 71 44 05

11 84 13 69 01 88 91 28 79 50 71 42 14 96 55 98 59 96 01 36 88 77 90 45 59
14 66 12 87 22 59 45 27 08 51 85 64 23 85 41 64 72 08 59 44 67 98 36 65 56
40 25 67 87 82 84 27 17 30 37 48 69 49 02 58 98 02 50 58 11 95 39 06 35 63
44 48 97 49 43 65 45 53 41 07 14 83 46 74 11 76 66 63 60 08 90 54 33 65 84
41 94 54 06 57 48 28 01 83 84 09 11 21 91 73 97 28 44 74 06 22 30 95 69 72

07 12 15 58 84 93 18 31 83 45 54 52 62 29 91 53 58 54 66 05 47 19 63 92 75
64 27 90 43 52 18 26 32 96 83 50 58 45 27 57 14 96 39 64 85 73 87 96 76 23
80 71 86 41 03 45 62 63 40 88 35 69 34 10 94 32 22 52 04 74 69 63 21 83 41
27 06 08 09 92 26 22 59 28 27 38 58 22 14 79 24 32 12 38 42 33 56 90 92 57
54 68 97 20 54 33 26 74 03 30 74 22 19 13 48 30 28 01 92 49 58 61 52 27 03

02 92 65 68 99 05 53 15 26 70 04 69 22 64 07 04 73 25 74 82 78 35 22 21 88
83 52 57 78 62 98 61 70 48 22 68 50 64 55 75 42 70 32 09 60 58 70 61 43 97
82 82 76 31 33 85 13 41 38 10 16 47 61 43 77 83 27 19 70 41 34 78 77 60 25
38 61 34 09 49 04 41 66 09 76 20 50 73 40 95 24 77 95 73 20 47 42 80 61 03
01 01 11 88 38 03 10 16 82 24 39 58 20 12 39 82 77 02 18 88 33 11 49 15 16

21 66 14 38 28 54 08 18 07 04 92 17 63 36 75 33 14 11 11 78 97 30 53 62 38
32 29 30 69 59 68 50 33 31 47 15 64 88 75 27 04 51 41 61 96 86 62 93 66 71
04 59 21 65 47 39 30 89 86 77 46 86 86 88 86 50 09 13 24 91 54 80 67 78 66
38 64 50 07 36 56 50 45 94 25 48 28 48 30 51 60 73 73 03 87 68 47 37 10 84
48 33 50 83 53 59 77 64 59 90 58 92 62 50 18 93 09 45 89 06 13 26 98 86 29
 23

TABLE 9 : RANDOM NUMBERS (VI)

25 19 64 82 84 62 74 29 92 24 61 03 91 22 48 64 94 63 15 07 66 85 12 00 27
23 02 41 46 04 44 31 52 43 07 44 06 03 09 34 19 83 94 62 94 48 28 01 51 92
55 85 66 96 28 28 30 62 58 83 65 68 62 42 45 13 08 60 46 28 95 68 45 52 43
68 45 19 69 59 35 14 82 56 80 22 06 52 26 39 59 78 98 76 14 36 09 03 01 86
69 31 46 29 85 18 88 26 95 54 01 02 14 03 05 48 00 26 43 85 33 93 81 45 95

37 31 61 28 98 94 61 47 03 10 67 80 84 41 26 88 84 59 69 14 77 32 82 81 89
66 42 19 24 94 13 13 38 69 96 76 69 76 24 13 43 83 10 13 24 18 32 84 85 04
33 65 78 12 35 91 59 11 38 44 23 31 48 75 74 05 30 08 46 32 90 04 93 56 16
76 32 06 19 35 22 95 30 19 29 57 74 43 20 90 20 25 36 70 69 38 32 11 01 01
43 33 42 02 59 20 39 84 95 61 58 22 04 02 99 99 78 78 83 82 43 67 16 38 95

28 31 93 43 94 87 73 19 38 47 54 36 90 98 10 83 43 32 26 26 22 00 90 59 22
97 19 21 63 34 69 33 17 03 02 11 15 50 46 08 42 69 60 17 42 14 68 61 14 48
82 80 37 14 20 56 39 59 89 63 33 90 38 44 50 78 22 87 10 88 06 58 87 39 67
03 68 03 13 60 64 13 09 37 11 86 02 57 41 99 31 66 60 65 64 03 03 02 58 97
65 16 58 11 01 98 78 80 63 23 07 37 66 20 56 20 96 06 79 80 33 39 40 49 42

24 65 58 57 04 18 62 85 28 24 26 45 17 82 76 39 65 01 73 91 50 37 49 38 73
02 72 64 07 75 85 66 48 38 73 75 10 96 59 31 48 78 58 08 88 72 08 54 57 17
79 16 78 63 99 43 61 00 66 42 76 26 71 14 33 33 86 76 71 66 37 85 05 56 07
04 75 14 93 39 68 52 16 83 34 64 09 44 62 58 48 32 72 26 95 32 67 35 49 71
40 64 64 57 60 97 00 12 91 33 22 14 73 01 11 83 97 68 95 65 67 77 80 98 87

06 27 07 34 26 01 52 48 69 57 19 17 53 55 96 02 41 03 89 33 86 85 73 02 32
62 40 03 87 10 96 88 22 46 94 35 56 60 94 20 60 73 04 84 98 96 45 18 47 07
00 98 48 18 97 91 51 63 27 95 74 25 84 03 07 88 29 04 79 84 03 71 13 78 06
50 64 19 18 91 98 55 83 46 09 49 66 41 12 45 41 49 36 83 43 53 75 35 13 39
38 54 52 25 78 01 98 00 89 85 86 12 22 80 25 10 10 71 19 45 88 84 77 00 07

46 86 80 97 78 65 12 64 64 70 58 41 05 49 08 68 68 88 54 00 81 61 61 80 41
90 72 92 93 10 09 12 81 93 63 69 30 02 04 26 92 36 48 69 45 91 99 08 07 65
66 21 41 77 60 99 35 72 61 22 52 40 74 67 29 97 50 71 39 79 57 82 14 88 06
87 05 46 52 76 89 96 34 22 37 27 11 57 04 19 57 93 08 35 69 07 51 19 92 66
46 90 61 03 06 89 85 33 22 80 34 89 12 20 37 44 71 38 40 37 15 49 55 51 08

11 88 53 06 09 81 83 33 98 29 91 27 59 43 09 70 72 51 49 73 35 97 25 83 41
11 05 92 06 97 68 82 34 08 83 25 40 58 40 64 56 42 78 54 06 60 96 96 12 82
33 94 24 20 28 62 42 07 12 63 34 39 02 92 31 80 61 68 44 19 09 92 14 73 49
24 89 74 75 61 61 02 73 36 85 67 28 50 49 85 37 79 95 02 66 73 19 76 28 13
15 19 74 67 23 61 38 93 73 68 76 23 15 58 20 35 36 82 82 59 01 33 48 17 66

05 64 12 70 88 80 58 35 06 88 73 48 27 39 43 43 40 13 35 45 55 10 54 38 50
57 49 36 44 06 74 93 55 39 26 27 70 98 76 68 78 36 26 24 06 43 24 56 40 80
77 82 96 96 97 60 42 17 18 48 16 34 92 19 52 98 84 48 42 92 83 19 06 77 78
24 10 70 06 51 59 62 37 95 42 53 67 14 95 29 84 65 43 07 30 77 54 00 15 42
50 00 07 78 23 49 54 36 85 14 18 50 54 18 82 23 79 80 71 37 60 62 95 40 30

44 37 76 21 96 37 03 08 98 64 90 85 59 43 64 17 79 96 52 35 21 05 22 59 30
90 57 55 17 47 53 26 79 20 38 69 90 58 64 03 33 48 32 91 54 68 44 90 24 25
50 74 64 67 42 95 28 12 73 23 32 54 98 64 94 82 17 18 17 14 55 10 61 64 29
44 04 70 22 02 84 31 64 64 08 52 55 04 24 29 91 95 43 81 14 66 13 18 47 44
32 74 61 64 73 21 46 51 44 77 72 48 92 00 05 83 59 89 65 06 53 76 70 58 78

75 73 51 70 49 12 53 67 51 54 38 10 11 67 73 22 32 61 43 75 31 61 22 21 11
76 18 36 16 34 16 28 25 82 98 64 26 70 54 87 49 48 55 11 39 94 25 20 80 85
00 17 37 71 81 64 21 91 15 82 81 04 14 52 11 39 07 30 60 77 39 18 27 85 68
54 95 57 55 04 12 77 40 70 14 79 86 61 57 50 52 49 41 73 46 05 63 34 92 33
69 99 95 54 63 44 37 33 53 17 38 06 58 37 93 47 10 62 31 28 63 59 40 40 32
 TABLE 10 : STATISTICAL CONSTANTS FOR CONTROL CHARTS
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Chart for Averages Chart for Standard Deviations Chart for Ranges
Number of ————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
Observa- Factors for Factors for Factors for control limits Factors for Factors for control limits
tions in control limits central line central line
Sample, n —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
A A1 A2 c2 1/c2 B1 B2 B3 B4 d2 1/d2 d3 D1 D2 D3 D4
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
2..... 2.121 3.760 1.880 0.5642 1.7725 0 1.843 0 3.267 1.128 0.8865 0.853 0 3.686 0 3.267
3..... 1.732 2.394 1.023 0.7236 1.3820 0 1.858 0 2.568 1.693 0.5907 0.888 0 4.358 0 2.575
4..... 1.500 1.880 0.729 0.7979 1.2533 0 1.808 0 2.266 2.059 0.4857 0.880 0 4.698 0 2.282
5..... 1.342 1.596 0.577 0.8407 1.1894 0 1.756 0 2.089 2.326 0.4299 0.864 0 4.918 0 2.115

6..... 1.225 1.410 0.483 0.8686 1.1512 0.026 1.711 0.030 1.970 2.534 0.3946 0.848 0 5.078 0 2.004
7..... 1.134 1.277 0.419 0.8882 1.1259 0.105 1.672 0.118 1.882 2.704 0.3698 0.833 0.205 5.203 0.076 1.924
8..... 1.061 1.175 0.373 0.9027 1.1078 0.167 1.638 0.185 1.815 2.847 0.3512 0.820 0.387 5.307 0.136 1.864
9..... 1.000 1.094 0.337 0.9139 1.0942 0.219 1.609 0.239 1.761 2.970 0.3367 0.808 0.546 5.394 0.184 1.816
10..... 0.949 1.028 0.308 0.9227 1.0837 0.262 1.584 0.284 1.716 3.078 0.3249 0.797 0.687 5.469 0.223 1.777

11..... 0.905 0.973 0.285 0.9300 1.0753 0.299 1.561 0.321 1.679 3.173 0.3152 0.787 0.812 5.534 0.256 1.744
24

12..... 0.866 0.925 0.266 0.9359 1.0684 0.331 1.541 0.354 1.646 3.258 0.3069 0.778 0.924 5.592 0.284 1.716
13..... 0.832 0.884 0.249 0.9410 1.0627 0.359 1.523 0.382 1.618 3.336 0.2998 0.770 1.026 5.646 0.308 1.692
14..... 0.802 0.848 0.235 0.9453 1.0579 0.384 1.507 0.406 1.594 3.407 0.2935 0.762 1.121 5.693 0.329 1.671
15..... 0.775 0.816 0.223 0.9490 1.0537 0.406 1.492 0.428 1.572 3.472 0.2880 0.755 1.207 5.737 0.348 1.652

16..... 0.750 0.788 0.212 0.9523 1.0501 0.427 1.478 0.448 1.552 3.532 0.2831 0.749 1.285 5.779 0.364 1.636
17..... 0.728 0.762 0.203 0.9551 1.0470 0.445 1.465 0.466 1.534 3.588 0.2787 0.743 1.359 5.817 0.379 1.621
18..... 0.707 0.738 0.194 0.9576 1.0442 0.461 1.454 0.482 1.518 3.640 0.2747 0.738 1.426 5.854 0.392 1.608
19..... 0.688 0.717 0.187 0.9599 1.0418 0.477 1.443 0.497 1.503 3.689 0.2711 0.733 1.490 5.888 0.404 1.596
20..... 0.671 0.697 0.180 0.9619 1.0396 0.491 1.433 0.510 1.490 3.735 0.2677 0.729 1.548 5.922 0.414 1.586

21..... 0.655 0.679 0.173 0.9638 1.0376 0.504 1.424 0.523 1.477 3.778 0.2647 0.724 1.606 5.950 0.425 1.575
22..... 0.640 0.662 0.167 0.9655 1.0358 0.516 1.415 0.534 1.466 3.819 0.2618 0.720 1.659 5.979 0.434 1.566
23..... 0.626 0.647 0.162 0.9670 1.0342 0.527 1.407 0.545 1.455 3.858 0.2592 0.716 1.710 6.006 0.443 1.557
24..... 0.612 0.632 0.157 0.9684 1.0327 0.538 1.399 0.555 1.445 3.895 0.2567 0.712 1.759 6.031 0.452 1.548
25..... 0.600 0.619 0.153 0.9696 1.0313 0.548 1.392 0.565 1.435 3.931 0.2544 0.709 1.804 6.058 0.459 1.541

Over 25.... 3 3 ........ ........ ......... ....... ........ ....... ....... ....... ....... .......
—– —– * ** * **
√n √n
———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
3 3
* 1 – —– * * 1 + —–
√ 2n √ 2n
 25

TABLE 11 : CRITICAL VALUES OF r FOR THE SIGN TEST *

n 1% 5% 10% 25% n 1% 5% 10% 25%

1 46 13 15 16 18
2 47 14 16 17 19
3 0 48 14 16 17 19
4 0 49 15 17 18 19
5 0 0 50 15 17 18 20

6 0 0 1 51 15 18 19 20
7 0 0 1 52 16 18 19 21
8 0 0 1 1 53 16 18 20 21
9 0 1 1 2 54 17 19 20 22
10 0 1 1 2 55 17 19 20 22

11 0 1 2 3 56 17 20 21 23
12 1 2 2 3 57 18 20 21 23
13 1 2 3 3 58 18 21 22 24
14 1 2 3 4 59 19 21 22 24
15 2 3 3 4 60 19 21 23 25

16 2 3 4 5 61 20 22 23 25
17 2 4 4 5 62 20 22 24 25
18 3 4 5 6 63 20 23 24 26
19 3 4 5 6 64 21 23 24 26
20 3 5 5 6 65 21 24 25 27

21 4 5 6 7 66 22 24 25 27
22 4 5 6 7 67 22 25 26 28
23 4 6 7 8 68 22 25 26 28
24 5 6 7 8 69 23 25 27 29
25 5 7 7 9 70 23 26 27 29

26 6 7 8 9 71 24 26 28 30
27 6 7 8 10 72 24 27 28 30
28 6 8 9 10 73 25 27 28 31
29 7 8 9 10 74 25 28 29 31
30 7 9 10 11 75 25 28 29 32

31 7 9 10 11 76 26 28 30 32
32 8 9 10 12 77 26 29 30 32
33 8 10 11 12 78 27 29 31 33
34 9 10 11 13 79 27 30 31 33
35 9 11 12 13 80 28 30 32 34

36 9 11 12 14 81 28 31 32 34
37 10 12 13 14 82 28 31 33 35
38 10 12 13 14 83 29 32 33 35
39 11 12 13 15 84 29 32 33 36
40 11 13 14 15 85 30 32 34 36

41 11 13 14 16 86 30 33 34 37
42 12 14 15 16 87 31 33 35 37
43 12 14 15 17 88 31 34 35 38
44 13 15 16 17 89 31 34 36 38
45 13 15 16 18 90 32 35 36 39
*
* For values of n larger than 90, approximate values of r may be found by taking the nearest integer less than
(n–1)/2–k √ n+1, where k is 1.2879, 0.9800, 0.8224, 0.5752 for the 1, 5, 10, 25% values, respectively.
Note : The values of r given in the table are the two tailed percentage points for the binomial for p = 0.5.
 26

TABLE 12 : CRITICAL VALUES OF T IN THE WILCOXON

SIGNED RANK TEST
—————————————————————————
Level of Significance for One-Tailed Test
———————————————————
.025 .01 .005
———————————————————
Level of Significance for Two-Tailed Test
———————————————————
n .05 .02 .01
—————————————————————————
6 0 — —
7 2 0 —
8 4 2 0
9 6 3 2
10 8 5 3

11 11 7 5
12 14 10 7
13 17 13 10
14 21 16 13
15 25 20 16

16 30 24 20
17 35 28 23
18 40 33 28
19 46 38 32
20 52 43 38

21 59 49 43
22 66 56 49
23 73 62 55
24 81 69 61
25 89 77 68
*
—————————————————————————
*For n > 25, T is approximately normally distributed with mean
n (n + 1)/4 and variance n (n + 1) (2n + 1)/24
Note : The values of T given in the table are critical values associated
with selected values of n. Any value of T which is less than or
equal to the tabulated value is significant at the indicated level
of significance.
 27

TABLE 13 : CRITICAL VALUES OF U FOR THE

MANN-WHITNEY TEST*
(A) Significance level 0.01 for a one-tailed test and 0.02 for a two-tailed test :

—————————————————————————————————————————————
n2
n1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
—————————————————————————————————————————————

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5

4 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 9 10

5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

6 7 8 9 11 12 13 15 16 18 19 20 22

7 9 11 12 14 16 17 19 21 23 24 26 28

8 11 13 15 17 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34

9 14 16 18 21 23 26 28 31 33 36 38 40

10 16 19 22 24 27 30 33 36 38 41 44 47

11 18 22 25 28 31 34 37 41 44 47 50 53

12 21 24 28 31 35 38 42 46 49 53 56 60

13 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67

14 26 30 34 38 43 47 51 56 60 65 69 73

15 28 33 37 42 47 51 56 61 66 70 75 80

16 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 82 87

17 33 38 44 49 55 60 66 71 77 82 88 93

18 36 41 47 53 59 65 70 76 82 88 94 100

19 38 44 50 56 63 69 75 82 88 94 101 107

20 40 47 53 60 67 73 80 87 93 100 107 114

 28

TABLE 13—Contd.
(B) Significance level 0.05 for a one-tailed test and 0.10 for a two-tailed test :

—————————————————————————————————————————————
n2
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
n1
—————————————————————————————————————————————

1 0 0

2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4

3 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 11

4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18

5 9 11 12 13 15 16 18 19 20 22 23 25

6 12 14 16 17 19 21 23 25 26 28 30 32

7 15 17 19 21 24 26 28 30 33 35 37 39

8 18 20 23 26 28 31 33 36 39 41 44 47

9 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54

10 24 27 31 34 37 41 44 48 51 55 58 62

11 27 31 34 38 42 46 50 54 57 61 65 69

12 30 34 38 42 47 51 55 60 64 68 72 77

13 33 37 42 47 51 56 61 65 70 75 80 84

14 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 77 82 87 92

15 39 44 50 55 61 66 72 77 83 88 94 100

16 42 48 54 60 65 71 77 83 89 95 101 107

17 45 51 57 64 70 77 83 89 96 102 109 115

18 48 55 61 68 75 82 88 95 102 109 116 123

19 51 58 65 72 80 87 94 101 109 116 123 130

20 54 62 69 77 84 92 100 107 115 123 130 138

 29

TABLE 14 : CRITICAL VALUES OF r IN THE RUN TEST2

(A)

n2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
n1

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
4 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4
5 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5
6 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6
7 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 6
8 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7
9 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8
10 2 3 3 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9
11 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
12 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 9 10 10
13 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 10
14 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11
15 2 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 12
16 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12
17 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 13
18 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13
19 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13
20 2 3 4 5 6 6 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 12 12 13 13 13 14

2The values of r given in Tables 14 (A) and (B) are various critical values of r associated with selected values of n1 and
n2. For the one-sample run test, any value of r which is equal to or less than the value shown in Table 14 (A) or equal to
or greater than the value shown in Table 14 (B) is significant at the 5 per cent level. For the two-sample run test, any value
of r which is equal to or less than the value shown in Table 14 (A) is significant at the 5 per cent level.
 30

TABLE 14 : (B)

n2
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
n1
2
3
4 9 9
5 9 10 10 11 11
6 9 10 11 12 12 13 13 13 13
7 11 12 13 13 14 14 14 14 15 15 15
8 11 12 13 14 14 15 15 16 16 16 16 17 17 17 17 17
9 13 14 14 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 18 18 18
10 13 14 15 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 19 19 19 20 20
11 13 14 15 16 17 17 18 19 19 19 20 20 20 21 21
12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 21 22 22
13 15 16 17 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 22 23 23 23 24
15 15 16 18 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 23 24 24 25
16 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 23 24 25 25 25
17 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 25 26 26
18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 26 26 27
19 17 18 20 21 22 23 23 24 25 26 26 27 27
20 17 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 26 27 27 28
 31

TABLE 15 : CRITICAL VALUES OF D IN THE KOLMOGOROV-SMIRNOV

GOODNESS OF FIT TEST2

Level of Significance for D=Maximum | F(x)-Sn(x) |

Sample Size
(n) .20 .15 .10 .05 .01

1 .900 .925 .950 .975 .995

2 .684 .726 .776 .842 .929
3 .565 .597 .642 .708 .828
4 .494 .525 .564 .624 .733
5 .446 .474 .510 .565 .669

6 .410 .436 .470 .521 .618

7 .381 .405 .438 .485 .577
8 .358 .381 .411 .457 .543
9 .339 .360 .388 .432 .514
10 .322 .342 .368 .410 .490

11 .307 .326 .352 .391 .468

12 .295 .313 .338 .375 .430
13 .284 .302 .325 .361 .433
14 .274 .292 .314 .349 .418
15 .266 .283 .304 .338 .404

16 .258 .274 .295 .328 .392

17 .250 .266 .286 .318 .381
18 .244 .259 .278 .309 .371
19 .237 .252 .272 .301 .363
20 .231 .246 .264 .294 .356

25 .21 .22 .24 .27 .32

30 .19 .20 .22 .24 .29
35 .18 .19 .21 .23 .27

Over 35 1.07 1.14 1.22 1.36 1.63

√n √n √n √n √n

2
The values of D given in the table are critical values associated with selected values of n. Any value of
D which is greater than or equal to the tabulated value is significant at the indicated level of significance.
 x
TABLE 16 : maximum — x minimum *
Upper percentage points of the studentized range qα = ——————————————
sX
α = .05
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
n 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
df
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
10 3.15 3.88 4.33 4.66 4.91 5.12 5.30 5.46 5.60 5.72 5.83 5.93 6.03 6.12 6.20 6.27 6.34 6.41 6.47
11 3.11 3.82 4.26 4.58 4.82 5.03 5.20 5.35 5.49 5.61 5.71 5.81 5.90 5.98 6.06 6.14 6.20 6.27 6.33
12 3.08 3.77 4.20 4.51 4.75 4.95 5.12 5.27 5.40 5.51 5.61 5.71 5.80 5.88 5.95 6.02 6.09 6.15 6.21
13 3.06 3.73 4.15 4.46 4.69 4.88 5.05 5.19 5.32 5.43 5.53 5.63 5.71 5.79 5.86 5.93 6.00 6.06 6.11
14 3.03 3.70 4.11 4.41 4.64 4.83 4.99 5.13 5.25 5.36 5.46 5.56 5.64 5.72 5.79 5.86 5.92 5.98 6.03
15 3.01 3.67 4.08 4.37 4.59 4.78 4.94 5.08 5.20 5.31 5.40 5.49 5.57 5.65 5.72 5.79 5.85 5.91 5.96
16 3.00 3.65 4.05 4.34 4.56 4.74 4.90 5.03 5.15 5.26 5.35 5.44 5.52 5.59 5.66 5.73 5.79 5.84 5.90
17 2.98 3.62 4.02 4.31 4.52 4.70 4.86 4.99 5.11 5.21 5.31 5.39 5.47 5.55 5.61 5.68 5.74 5.79 5.84
18 2.97 3.61 4.00 4.28 4.49 4.67 4.83 4.96 5.07 5.17 5.27 5.35 5.43 5.50 5.57 5.63 5.69 5.74 5.79
19 2.96 3.59 3.98 4.26 4.47 4.64 4.79 4.92 5.04 5.14 5.23 5.32 5.39 5.46 5.53 5.59 5.65 5.70 5.75
20 2.95 3.58 3.96 4.24 4.45 4.62 4.77 4.90 5.01 5.11 5.20 5.28 5.36 5.43 5.50 5.56 5.61 5.66 5.71
24 2.92 3.53 3.90 4.17 4.37 4.54 4.68 4.81 4.92 5.01 5.10 5.18 5.25 5.32 5.38 5.44 5.50 5.55 5.59
30 2.89 3.48 3.84 4.11 4.30 4.46 4.60 4.72 4.83 4.92 5.00 5.08 5.15 5.21 5.27 5.33 5.38 5.43 5.48
40 2.86 3.44 3.79 4.04 4.23 4.39 4.52 4.63 4.74 4.82 4.90 4.98 5.05 5.11 5.17 5.22 5.27 5.32 5.36
60 2.85 3.40 3.74 3.98 4.16 4.31 4.44 4.55 4.65 4.73 4.81 4.88 4.94 5.00 5.06 5.11 5.15 5.20 5.24
120 2.80 3.36 3.69 3.92 4.10 4.24 4.36 4.47 4.56 4.64 4.71 4.78 4.84 4.90 4.95 5.00 5.04 5.09 5.13
∞ 2.77 3.32 3.63 3.86 4.03 4.17 4.29 4.39 4.47 4.55 4.62 4.68 4.74 4.80 4.84 4.89 4.93 4.97 5.01
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
32

α = .01
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
n
df 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
10 4.48 5.26 5.77 6.14 6.43 6.67 6.88 7.06 7.22 7.36 7.49 7.60 7.71 7.81 7.91 7.99 8.08 8.15 8.23
11 4.39 5.14 5.62 5.98 6.25 6.47 6.67 6.84 6.99 7.13 7.25 7.36 7.46 7.56 7.65 7.73 7.81 7.88 7.95
12 4.32 5.04 5.50 5.84 6.10 6.32 6.51 6.67 6.81 6.94 7.06 7.17 7.26 7.36 7.44 7.52 7.60 7.67 7.75
13 4.26 4.96 5.40 5.75 5.98 6.19 6.37 6.53 6.67 6.79 6.90 7.01 7.10 7.19 7.27 7.35 7.42 7.49 7.55
14 4.21 4.89 5.32 5.64 5.88 6.08 6.26 6.41 6.54 6.66 6.77 6.87 6.96 7.05 7.13 7.20 7.27 7.34 7.40
15 4.17 4.83 5.25 5.56 5.80 5.99 6.16 6.31 6.44 6.55 6.66 6.76 6.85 6.93 7.00 7.07 7.14 7.20 7.26
16 4.13 4.78 5.19 5.49 5.72 5.91 6.08 6.22 6.35 6.46 6.56 6.66 6.74 6.82 6.90 6.97 7.03 7.09 7.15
17 4.10 4.73 5.14 5.43 5.66 5.85 6.01 6.15 6.27 6.38 6.48 6.57 6.66 6.73 6.81 6.87 6.94 7.00 7.05
18 4.07 4.70 5.09 5.38 5.60 5.79 5.95 6.08 6.20 6.31 6.41 6.50 6.58 6.65 6.73 6.79 6.85 6.91 6.97
19 4.05 4.66 5.05 5.34 5.55 5.73 5.89 6.02 6.14 6.25 6.34 6.43 6.51 6.58 6.65 6.72 6.78 6.84 6.89

20 4.02 4.63 5.02 5.30 5.51 5.69 5.84 5.97 6.09 6.19 6.28 6.37 6.45 6.52 6.59 6.66 6.71 6.77 6.82
24 3.96 4.54 4.91 5.17 5.37 5.54 5.69 5.81 5.92 6.02 6.11 6.19 6.26 6.33 6.39 6.45 6.51 6.57 6.61
30 3.89 4.45 4.80 5.05 5.24 5.40 5.53 5.65 5.76 5.86 5.93 6.01 6.08 6.14 6.20 6.26 6.31 6.36 6.41
40 3.82 4.36 4.70 4.93 5.11 5.26 5.59 5.50 5.60 5.69 5.77 5.84 5.90 5.96 6.02 6.07 6.12 6.17 6.21

60 3.76 4.28 4.60 4.82 4.99 5.13 5.25 5.36 5.45 5.53 5.60 5.67 5.73 5.78 5.83 5.88 5.93 5.98 6.01
120 3.70 4.20 4.50 4.71 4.87 5.00 5.12 5.21 5.30 5.38 5.44 5.50 5.56 5.61 5.66 5.71 5.75 5.79 5.83
∞ 3.64 4.12 4.40 4.60 4.76 4.88 4.99 5.08 5.16 5.23 5.29 5.35 5.40 5.45 5.49 5.53 5.57 5.61 5.64
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
 33

TABLE 17 : NATURAL SINES

Degrees Mean
0' 6' 12' 18' 24' 30' 36' 42' 48' 54' Differences
00.0 00.1 00.2 00.3 00.4 00.5 00.6 00.7 00.8 00.9 1 2 3 4 5
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
0 .0000 0017 0035 0052 0070 0087 0105 0122 0140 0157 3 6 9 12 15
1 .0175 0192 0200 0227 0244 0602 0279 0297 0314 0332 3 6 9 12 15
2 .0349 0366 0384 0401 0419 0436 0454 0471 0488 0506 3 6 9 12 15
3 .0523 0541 0558 0576 0593 0610 0628 0645 0663 0680 3 6 9 12 15
4 .0698 0715 0732 0750 0767 0785 0802 0819 0837 0854 3 6 9 12 15

5 .0872 0889 0906 0924 0941 0958 0976 0993 1011 1028 3 6 9 12 14
6 .1045 1063 1080 1097 1115 1132 1149 1167 1184 1201 3 6 9 12 14
7 .1219 1236 1253 1271 1288 1305 1323 1340 1357 1374 3 6 9 12 14
8 .1392 1409 1426 1444 1461 1478 1495 1513 1530 1547 3 6 9 12 14
9 .1564 1582 1599 1616 1633 1650 1668 1685 1702 1719 3 6 9 12 14

10 .1736 1754 1771 1788 1805 1822 1840 1857 1874 1891 3 6 9 12 14
11 .1908 1945 1942 1959 1977 1994 2011 2028 2045 2062 3 6 9 11 14
12 .2079 2096 2113 2130 2147 2164 2181 2198 2215 2232 3 6 9 11 14
13 .2250 2267 2284 2300 2317 2334 2351 2368 2385 2402 3 6 8 11 14
14 .2419 2436 2453 2470 2487 2504 2521 2538 2554 2571 3 6 8 11 14

15 .2588 2605 2622 2639 2656 2672 2689 2706 2723 2740 3 6 8 11 14
16 .2756 2773 2790 2807 2823 2840 2857 2874 2890 2907 3 6 8 11 14
17 .2924 2940 2957 2974 2990 3007 3024 3040 3057 3074 3 6 8 11 14
18 .3090 3107 3123 3140 3156 3173 3190 3206 3223 3239 3 6 8 11 14
19 .3256 3272 3289 3305 3322 3338 3355 3371 3387 3404 3 5 8 11 14

20 .3420 3437 3453 3469 3486 3502 3518 3535 3551 3567 3 5 8 11 14
21 .3584 3600 3616 3633 3649 3665 3681 3697 3714 3730 3 5 8 11 14
22 .3746 3762 3778 3795 3811 3827 3843 3859 3875 3891 3 5 8 11 14
23 .3907 3923 3939 3955 3971 3987 4003 4019 4035 4051 3 5 8 11 14
24 .4067 4083 4099 4115 4131 4147 4163 4179 4195 4210 3 5 8 11 13

25 .4226 4242 4258 4274 4289 4305 4321 4337 4352 4368 3 5 8 11 13
26 .4384 4399 4415 4431 4446 4462 4478 4493 4509 4524 3 5 8 10 13
27 .4540 4555 4571 4586 4602 4617 4633 4648 4664 4679 3 5 8 10 13
28 .4695 4710 4726 4741 4756 4772 4787 4802 4818 4833 3 5 8 10 13
29 .4848 4863 4879 4894 4909 4924 4939 4955 4970 4985 3 5 8 10 13

30 .5000 5015 5030 5045 5060 5075 5090 5105 5120 5135 3 5 8 10 13
31 .5150 5165 5180 5195 5210 5225 5240 5255 5270 5284 2 5 7 10 12
32 .5299 5314 5329 5344 5358 5373 5388 5402 5417 5432 2 5 7 10 12
33 .5446 5461 5476 5490 5505 5519 5534 5548 5563 5577 2 5 7 10 12
34 .5592 5606 5621 5635 5650 5664 5678 5693 5707 5721 2 5 7 10 12

35 .5736 5750 5764 5779 5793 5807 5821 5835 5850 5864 2 5 7 10 12
36 .5878 5892 5906 5920 5934 5948 5962 5976 5990 6004 2 5 7 9 12
37 .6018 6032 6046 6060 6074 6088 6101 6115 6129 6143 2 5 7 9 12
38 .6157 6170 6184 6198 6211 6225 6239 6252 6266 6280 2 5 7 9 11
39 .6293 6307 6320 6334 6347 6361 6374 6388 6401 6414 2 4 7 9 11

40 .6428 6441 6455 6468 6481 6494 6508 6521 6534 6547 2 4 7 9 11
41 .6561 6574 6587 6600 6613 6626 6639 6652 6665 6678 2 4 7 9 11
42 .6691 6704 6717 6730 6743 6756 6769 6782 6794 6807 2 4 6 9 11
43 .6820 6833 6845 6858 6871 6884 6896 6909 6921 6934 2 4 6 8 11
44 .6947 6959 6972 6984 6997 7009 7022 7034 7046 7059 2 4 6 8 10
 34

TABLE 17 : NATURAL SINES—Contd.

Mean
Degrees
0' 6' 12' 18' 24' 30' 36' 42' 48' 54' Differences
00.0 00.1 00.2 00.3 00.4 00.5 00.6 00.7 00.8 00.9 1 2 3 4 5
————————————————————————————————————————————————————
45 .7071 7083 7096 7108 7120 7133 7145 7157 7169 7181 2 4 6 8 10
46 .7193 7206 7218 7230 7242 7254 7266 7278 7290 7302 2 4 6 8 10
47 .7314 7325 7337 7349 7361 7373 7385 7396 7408 7420 2 4 6 8 10
48 .7431 7443 7455 7466 7478 7490 7501 7513 7524 7536 2 4 6 8 10
49 .7547 7558 7570 7581 7593 7604 7615 7627 7638 7649 2 4 6 8 9
50 .7660 7672 7683 7604 7705 7716 7727 7738 7749 7760 2 4 6 7 9
51 .7771 7782 7793 7804 7815 7826 7837 7848 7859 7869 2 4 5 7 9
52 .7880 7891 7902 7912 7923 7934 7944 7955 7965 7976 2 4 5 7 9
53 .7986 7997 8007 8018 8028 8039 8049 8059 8070 8080 2 3 5 7 9
54 .8090 8100 8111 8121 8131 8141 8151 8161 8171 8181 2 3 5 7 8
55 .8192 8202 8211 8221 8231 8241 8251 8261 8271 8281 2 3 5 7 8
56 .8290 8300 8310 8320 8329 8339 8348 8358 8368 8377 2 3 5 6 8
57 .8387 8396 8406 8415 8425 8434 8443 8453 8462 8471 2 3 5 6 8
58 .8480 8490 8499 8508 8517 8526 8536 8545 8554 8563 2 3 5 6 8
59 .8572 8581 8590 8599 8607 8616 8625 8634 8643 8652 1 3 4 6 7
60 .8660 8669 8678 8686 8695 8704 8712 8721 8729 8738 1 3 4 6 7
61 .8746 8755 8763 8771 8780 8788 8796 8805 8813 8821 1 3 4 6 7
62 .8829 8838 8846 8854 8862 8870 8878 8886 8804 8902 1 3 4 5 7
63 .8910 8918 8926 8934 8942 8949 8957 8965 8973 8980 1 3 4 5 6
64 .8988 8996 9003 9011 9018 9026 9033 9041 9048 9056 1 3 4 5 6
65 .9063 9070 9078 9085 9092 9100 9107 9114 9121 9128 1 2 4 5 6
66 .9135 9143 9150 9157 9164 9171 9178 9184 9191 9198 1 2 3 5 6
67 .9205 9212 9219 9225 9232 9239 9245 9252 9259 9265 1 2 3 4 6
68 .9272 9278 9285 9291 9298 9304 9311 9317 9323 9330 1 2 3 4 5
69 .9336 9342 9348 9354 9361 9367 9373 9379 9385 9391 1 2 3 4 5
70 .9397 9403 9409 9415 9421 9426 9432 9438 9444 9449 1 2 3 4 5
71 .9455 9461 9466 9472 9478 9483 9489 9494 9500 9505 1 2 3 4 5
72 .9511 9516 9521 9527 9532 9537 9542 9548 9553 9558 1 2 3 3 4
73 .9563 9568 9573 9578 9583 9588 9593 9598 9603 9608 1 2 2 3 4
74 .9613 9617 9622 9627 9632 9636 9641 9646 9650 9655 1 2 2 3 4
75 .9659 9664 9668 9673 9677 9681 9686 9690 9694 9699 1 1 2 3 4
76 .9703 9707 9711 9715 9720 9724 9728 9732 9736 9740 1 1 2 3 3
77 .9744 9748 9751 9755 9759 9763 9767 9770 9774 9778 1 1 2 3 3
78 .9781 9785 9789 9792 9796 9799 9803 9806 9810 9813 1 1 2 2 3
79 .9816 9820 9823 9826 9829 9833 9836 9839 9842 9845 1 1 2 2 3
80 .9848 9851 9854 9857 9860 9863 9866 9869 9871 9874 0 1 1 2 2
81 .9877 9880 9882 9885 9888 9890 9893 9895 9898 9900 0 1 1 2 2
82 .9903 9905 9907 9910 9912 9914 9917 9919 9921 9923 0 1 1 2 2
83 .9925 9928 9930 9932 9934 9936 9938 9940 9942 9943 0 1 1 1 2
84 .9945 9947 9949 9951 9952 9954 9956 9957 9959 9960 0 1 1 1 2
85 .9962 9963 9965 9966 9968 9969 9971 9972 9973 9974 0 0 1 1 1
86 .9976 9977 9978 9979 9980 9981 9982 9983 9984 9985 0 0 1 1 1
87 .9986 9987 9988 9989 9990 9990 9991 9992 9993 9993 0 0 0 1 1
88 .9994 9995 9995 9996 9996 9997 9997 9997 9998 9998 0 0 0 0 0
89 .9998 9999 9999 9999 9999 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 0 0 0 0 0
90 1.000
 35

TABLE 18 : NATURAL TANGENTS

Degrees Mean
0' 6' 12' 18' 24' 30' 36' 42' 48' 54' Differences
00.0 00.1 00.2 00.3 00.4 00.5 00.6 00.7 00.8 00.9 1 2 3 4 5
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
0 .0000 0017 0035 0052 0070 0087 0105 0122 0140 0157 3 6 9 12 15
1 .0175 0192 0209 0227 0244 0262 0279 0297 0314 0332 3 6 9 12 15
2 .0349 0367 0384 0402 0419 0437 0454 0472 0489 0507 3 6 9 12 15
3 .0524 0542 0559 0577 0594 0612 0629 0647 0664 0682 3 6 9 12 15
4 .0699 0717 0734 0752 0769 0787 0805 0822 0840 0857 3 6 9 12 15

5 .0875 0892 0910 0928 0945 0963 0981 0998 1016 1033 3 6 9 12 15
6 .1051 1069 1086 1104 1122 1139 1157 1175 1192 1210 3 6 9 12 15
7 .1228 1246 1263 1281 1299 1317 1334 1352 1370 1388 3 6 9 12 15
8 .1405 1423 1441 1459 1477 1495 1512 1530 1548 1566 3 6 9 12 15
9 .1584 1602 1620 1638 1655 1673 1691 1709 1727 1745 3 6 9 12 15

10 .1763 1781 1799 1817 1835 1853 1871 1890 1908 1926 3 6 9 12 15
11 .1944 1962 1980 1998 2016 2035 2053 2071 2089 2107 3 6 9 12 15
12 .2126 2144 2162 2180 2199 2217 2235 2254 2272 2290 3 6 9 12 15
13 .2309 2327 2345 2364 2382 2401 2419 2438 2456 2475 3 6 9 12 15
14 .2493 2512 2530 2549 2568 2586 2605 2623 2642 2661 3 6 9 12 16

15 .2679 2698 2717 2736 2754 2773 2792 2811 2830 2849 3 6 9 13 16
16 .2867 2886 2905 2924 2943 2962 2981 3000 3019 3038 3 6 9 13 16
17 .3057 3076 3096 3115 3134 3153 3172 3191 3211 3230 3 6 10 13 16
18 .3249 3269 3288 3307 3327 3346 3365 3385 3404 3424 3 6 10 13 16
19 .3443 3463 3482 3502 3522 3541 3561 3581 3600 3620 3 7 10 13 16

20 .3640 3659 3679 3699 3719 3739 3759 3779 3799 3819 3 7 10 13 17
21 .3839 3859 3879 3899 3919 3939 3959 3979 4000 4020 3 7 10 13 17
22 .4040 4061 4081 4101 4122 4142 4163 4183 4204 4224 3 7 10 14 17
23 .4245 4265 4286 4307 4327 4348 4369 4390 4411 4431 3 7 10 14 17
24 .4452 4473 4494 4515 4536 4557 4578 4599 4621 4642 4 7 11 14 18

25 .4663 4684 4706 4727 4748 4770 4791 4813 4834 4856 4 7 11 14 18
26 .4877 4899 4921 4942 4964 4986 5008 5029 5051 5073 4 7 11 15 18
27 .5095 5117 5139 5161 5184 5206 5228 5250 5272 5295 4 7 11 15 18
28 .5317 5340 5362 5384 5407 5430 5452 5475 5498 5520 4 8 11 15 19
29 .5543 5566 5589 5612 5635 5638 5681 5704 5727 5750 4 8 12 15 19

30 .5774 5797 5820 5844 5867 5890 5914 5938 5961 5985 4 8 12 16 20
31 .6009 6032 6056 6080 6104 6128 6152 6176 6200 6224 4 8 12 16 20
32 .6249 6273 6297 6322 6346 6371 6395 6420 6445 6469 4 8 12 16 20
33 .6494 6519 6544 6569 6594 6619 6644 6669 6694 6720 4 8 13 17 21
34 .6745 6771 6796 6822 6847 6873 6899 6924 6950 6976 4 9 13 17 21

35 .7002 7028 7054 7080 7107 7133 7159 7186 7212 7239 4 9 13 18 22
36 .7265 7292 7319 7346 7373 7400 7427 7454 7481 7508 5 9 14 18 23
37 .7536 7563 7590 7618 7646 7673 7701 7729 7757 7785 5 9 14 18 23
38 .7813 7841 7869 7898 7926 7954 7983 8012 8040 8069 5 9 14 19 24
39 .8098 8127 8156 8185 8214 8243 8273 8302 8332 8361 5 10 15 20 24

40 .8391 8421 8451 8481 8511 8541 8571 8601 8632 8662 5 10 15 20 25
41 .8693 8724 8754 8785 8816 8847 8878 8910 8941 8972 5 10 16 21 26
42 .9004 9036 9067 9099 9131 9163 9195 9228 9260 9293 5 11 16 21 27
43 .9325 9358 9391 9424 9457 9490 9523 9556 9590 9623 6 11 17 22 28
44 .9657 9691 9725 9759 9793 9827 9861 9896 9930 9965 6 11 17 23 29
 36

TABLE 18 : NATURAL TANGENTS—Contd.

Mean
Degrees 0' 6' 12' 18' 24' 30' 36' 42' 48' 54' Differences
00.0 00.1 00.2 00.3 00.4 00.5 00.6 00.7 00.8 00.9 1 2 3 4 5
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
45 1.0000 0035 0070 0105 0141 0176 0212 0247 0283 0319 6 12 18 24 30
46 1.0355 0392 0428 0464 0501 0538 0575 0612 0649 0686 6 12 18 25 31
47 1.0724 0761 0799 0837 0875 0913 0951 0990 1028 1067 6 13 19 25 32
48 1.1106 1145 1184 1224 1263 1303 1343 1383 1423 1463 7 13 20 27 33
49 1.1504 1544 1585 1626 1667 1708 1750 1792 1833 1875 7 14 21 28 34
50 1.1918 1960 2002 2045 2088 2131 2174 2218 2261 2305 7 14 22 29 36
51 1.2349 2393 2437 2482 2527 2572 2617 2662 2708 2753 8 15 23 30 38
52 1.2799 2846 2892 2938 2985 3032 3079 3127 3175 3222 8 16 24 31 39
53 1.3270 3319 3367 3416 3465 3514 3564 3613 3663 3713 8 16 25 33 41
54 1.3764 3814 3865 3916 3968 4019 4071 4124 4176 4229 9 17 26 34 43
55 1.4281 4335 4388 4442 4496 4550 4605 4659 4715 4770 9 18 27 36 45
56 1.4826 4882 4938 4994 5051 5108 5166 5224 5282 5340 10 19 29 38 48
57 1.5399 5458 5517 5577 5637 5697 5757 5818 5880 5941 10 20 30 40 50
58 1.6003 6066 6128 6191 6255 6319 6383 6447 6512 6577 11 21 32 43 53
59 1.6643 6709 6775 6842 6909 6977 7045 7113 7182 7251 11 23 34 45 56
60 1.7321 7391 7461 7532 7603 7675 7747 7820 7893 7966 12 24 36 48 60
61 1.8040 8115 8190 8265 8341 8418 8495 8572 8650 8728 13 26 38 51 64
62 1.8807 8887 8967 9047 9128 9210 9292 9375 9458 9542 14 27 41 55 68
63 1.9626 9711 9797 9883 9970 2.0057 2.0145 2.0233 2.0323 2.0413 15 29 44 58 73
64 2.0503 0594 0686 0778 0872 0965 1060 1155 1251 1348 16 31 47 63 78
65 2.1445 1543 1642 1742 1842 1943 2045 2148 2251 2355 17 34 51 68 85
66 2.2460 2566 2673 2781 2889 2998 3109 3220 3332 3445 18 37 55 73 92
67 2.3559 3673 3789 3906 4023 4142 4262 4383 4504 4627 20 40 60 79 99
68 2.4751 4876 5002 5129 5257 5386 5517 5649 5782 5916 22 43 65 87 108
69 2.6051 6187 6325 6464 6605 6746 6889 7034 7179 7326 24 47 71 95 119
70 2.7475 7625 7776 7929 8083 8239 8397 8556 8716 8878 26 52 78 104 131
71 2.9042 9208 9375 9544 9714 9887 3.0061 3.0237 3.0415 3.0595 29 58 87 116 145
72 3.0777 0961 1146 1334 1524 1716 1910 2106 2305 2506 32 64 96 129 162
73 3.2709 2914 3122 3332 3544 3759 3977 4197 4420 4646 36 72 108 144 180
74 3.4874 5105 5339 5576 5816 6059 6305 6554 6806 7062 41 81 122 163 204
75 3.7321 7583 7848 8118 8391 8667 8947 9232 9520 9812 46 93 139 186 232
76 4.0108 0408 0713 1022 1335 1653 1976 2303 2635 2972 53 107 160 213 267
77 4.3315 3662 4015 4374 4737 5107 5483 5864 6252 6646
78 4.7046 7453 7867 8288 8716 9152 9594 5.0045 5.0504 5.0970 Mean differences cease
79 5.1446 1929 2422 2924 3435 3955 4486 5026 5578 6140 to be sufficiently accurate.
80 5.6713 7297 7894 8502 9124 9758 6.0405 6.1066 6.1742 6.2432
81 6.3138 3859 4596 5350 6122 6912 7720 8548 9395 7.0264
82 7.1154 2066 3002 3962 4947 5958 6996 8062 9158 8.0285
83 8.1443 2636 3863 5126 6427 7769 9152 9.0579 9.2052 9.3572
84 9.5144 9.677 9.845 10.02 10.20 10.39 10.58 10.78 10.99 11.20
85 11.43 11.66 11.91 12.16 12.43 12.71 13.00 13.30 13.62 13.95
86 14.30 14.67 15.06 15.46 15.89 16.35 16.83 17.34 17.89 18.46
87 19.08 19.74 20.45 21.20 22.02 22.90 23.86 24.90 26.03 27.27
88 28.64 30.14 31.82 33.69 35.80 38.19 40.92 44.07 47.74 52.08
89 57.29 63.66 71.62 81.85 95.49 114.6 143.2 191.0 286.5 573.0
90 ∞
 37

TABLE 19 : LOGARITHMS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
10 0000 0043 0086 0128 0170 5 9 13 17 21 26 30 34 38
0212 0253 0294 0334 0374 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
11 0414 0453 0492 0531 0569 4 8 12 16 20 23 27 31 35
0607 0645 0682 0719 0755 4 7 11 15 18 22 26 29 33
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
12 0792 0808 0864 0899 0934 3 7 11 14 18 21 25 23 32
0969 1004 1038 1072 1106 3 7 10 14 17 20 24 27 31
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
13 1139 1173 1206 1239 1271 3 6 10 13 16 19 23 26 29
1303 1335 1367 1399 1430 3 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 29
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
14 1461 1492 1523 1553 1584 3 6 9 12 15 19 22 25 28
1614 1644 1673 1703 1732 3 6 9 12 14 17 20 23 26
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
15 1761 1790 1818 1847 1875 3 6 9 11 14 17 20 23 26
1903 1931 1959 1987 2014 3 6 8 11 14 17 19 22 25
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
16 2041 2068 2095 2122 2148 3 6 8 11 14 16 19 22 24
2175 2201 2227 2253 2279 3 5 8 10 13 16 18 21 23
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
17 2304 2330 2355 2380 2405 3 5 8 10 13 15 18 20 23
2430 2455 2480 2504 2529 3 5 8 10 12 15 17 20 22
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
18 2553 2577 2601 2625 2648 2 5 7 9 12 14 17 19 21
2672 2695 2718 2742 2765 2 4 7 9 11 14 16 18 21
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
19 2788 2810 2833 2856 2878 2 4 7 9 11 13 16 18 20
2900 2923 2945 2967 2989 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 19
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
20 3010 3032 3054 3075 3096 3118 3139 3160 3181 3201 2 4 6 8 11 13 15 17 19
21 3222 3243 3263 3284 3304 3324 3345 3365 3385 3404 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
22 3424 3444 3464 3483 3502 3522 3541 3560 3579 3598 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 15 17
23 3617 3636 3655 3674 3692 3711 3729 3747 3766 3784 2 4 6 7 9 11 13 15 17
24 3802 3820 3838 3856 3874 3892 3909 3927 3945 3962 2 4 5 7 9 11 12 14 16

25 3979 3997 4014 4031 4048 4065 4082 4099 4116 4133 2 3 5 7 9 10 12 14 15
26 4150 4166 4183 4200 4216 4232 4249 4265 4281 4298 2 3 5 7 8 10 11 13 15
27 4314 4330 4346 4362 4378 4393 4409 4425 4440 4456 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 13 14
28 4472 4487 4502 4518 4533 4548 4564 4579 4594 4609 2 3 5 6 8 9 11 12 14
29 4624 4639 4654 4669 4683 4698 4713 4728 4742 4757 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 12 13

30 4771 4786 4800 4814 4829 4843 4857 4871 4886 4900 1 3 4 6 7 9 10 11 13
31 4914 4928 4942 4955 4969 4983 4997 5011 5024 5038 1 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 12
32 5051 5065 5079 5092 5105 5119 5132 5145 5159 5172 1 3 4 5 7 8 9 11 12
33 5185 5198 5211 5224 5237 5250 5263 5276 5289 5302 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 12
34 5315 5328 5340 5353 5366 5378 5391 5403 5416 5428 1 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11

35 5441 5453 5465 5478 5490 5502 5514 5527 5539 5551 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 10 11
36 5563 5575 5587 5599 5611 5623 5635 5647 5658 5670 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 10 11
37 5682 5694 5705 5717 5729 5740 5752 5763 5775 5786 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
38 5798 5809 5821 5832 5843 5855 5866 5877 5888 5899 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10
39 5911 5922 5933 5944 5955 5966 5977 5988 5999 6010 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10

40 6021 6031 6042 6053 6064 6075 6085 6096 6107 6117 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10
41 6128 6138 6149 6160 6170 6180 6191 6201 6212 6222 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
42 6232 6243 6253 6263 6274 6284 6294 6304 6314 6325 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
43 6335 6345 6355 6365 6375 6385 6395 6405 6415 6425 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
44 6435 6444 6454 6464 6474 6484 6493 6503 6513 6522 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

45 6532 6542 6551 6561 6571 6580 6590 6599 6609 6618 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
46 6628 6637 6646 6656 6665 6675 6684 6693 6702 6712 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8
47 6721 6730 6739 6749 6758 6767 6776 6785 6794 6803 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8
48 6812 6821 6830 6839 6848 6857 6866 6875 6884 6893 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8
49 6902 6911 6920 6928 6937 6946 6955 6964 6972 6981 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8
 38

TABLE 19 : LOGARITHMS—Contd.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 123 456 789

50 6990 6998 7007 7016 7024 7033 7042 7050 7059 7067 123 345 678
51 7076 7084 7093 7101 7110 7118 7126 7135 7143 7152 123 345 678
52 7160 7168 7177 7185 7193 7202 7210 7218 7226 7235 122 345 677
53 7243 7251 7259 7267 7275 7284 7292 7300 7308 7316 122 345 667
54 7324 7332 7340 7348 7356 7364 7372 7380 7388 7396 122 345 667
55 7404 7412 7419 7427 7435 7443 7451 7459 7466 7474 122 345 567
56 7482 7490 7497 7505 7513 7520 7528 7536 7543 7551 122 345 567
57 7559 7566 7574 7582 7589 7597 7604 7612 7619 7627 122 345 567
58 7634 7642 7649 7657 7664 7672 7679 7686 7694 7701 112 344 567
59 7709 7716 7723 7731 7738 7745 7752 7760 7767 7774 112 344 567
60 7782 7789 7796 7803 7810 7818 7825 7832 7839 7846 112 344 566
61 7853 7860 7868 7875 7882 7889 7896 7903 7910 7917 112 344 566
62 7924 7931 7938 7945 7952 7959 7966 7973 7980 7987 112 334 566
63 7993 8000 8007 8014 8021 8028 8035 8041 8048 8055 112 334 556
64 8062 8069 8075 8082 8089 8096 8102 8109 8116 8122 112 334 556
65 8129 8136 8142 8149 8156 8162 8169 8176 8182 8189 112 334 556
66 8195 8202 8209 8215 8222 8228 8235 8241 8248 8254 112 334 556
67 8261 8267 8274 8280 8287 8293 8299 8306 8312 8319 112 334 556
68 8325 8331 8338 8344 8351 8357 8363 8370 8376 8382 112 334 456
69 8388 8395 8401 8407 8414 8420 8426 8432 8439 8443 112 234 456
70 8451 8457 8463 8470 8476 8482 8488 8494 8500 8506 112 234 456
71 8513 8519 8525 8531 8537 8543 8549 8555 8561 8567 112 234 455
72 8573 8579 8585 8591 8597 8603 8609 8615 8621 8627 112 234 455
73 8633 8639 8645 8651 8657 8663 8669 8675 8681 8686 112 234 455
74 8692 8698 8704 8710 8716 8722 8727 8733 8739 8745 112 234 455
75 8751 8756 8762 8768 8774 8779 8785 8791 8797 8802 112 233 455
76 8808 8814 8820 8825 8831 8837 8842 8848 8854 8859 112 233 455
77 8865 8871 8876 8882 8887 8893 8899 8904 8910 8915 112 233 445
78 8921 8927 8932 8938 8943 8949 8954 8960 8965 8971 112 233 445
79 8976 8982 8987 8993 8998 9004 9009 9015 9020 9025 112 233 445
80 9031 9036 9042 9047 9053 9058 9063 9069 9074 9079 112 233 445
81 9085 9090 9096 9101 9106 9112 9117 9122 9128 9133 112 233 445
82 9138 9143 9149 9154 9159 9165 9170 9175 9180 9186 112 233 445
83 9191 9196 9201 9206 9212 9217 9222 9227 9232 9238 112 233 445
84 9243 9248 9253 9258 9263 9269 9274 9279 9284 9289 112 233 445
85 9294 9299 9304 9309 9315 9320 9325 9330 9335 9340 112 233 445
86 9345 9350 9355 9360 9365 9370 9375 9380 9385 9390 112 233 445
87 9395 9400 9405 9410 9415 9420 9425 9430 9435 9440 011 2 23 344
88 9445 9450 9455 9460 9465 9469 9474 9479 9484 9489 011 223 344
89 9494 9499 9504 9509 9513 9518 9523 9528 9533 9538 011 223 344
90 9542 9547 9552 9557 9562 9566 9571 9576 9581 9586 011 223 344
91 9590 9595 9600 9605 9609 9614 9619 9624 9628 9633 011 223 344
92 9638 9643 9647 9652 9657 9661 9666 9671 9675 9680 011 223 344
93 9685 9689 9694 9699 9703 9708 9713 9717 9722 9727 011 223 344
94 9731 9736 9741 9745 9750 9754 9759 9763 9768 9773 011 223 344
95 9777 9782 9786 9791 9795 9800 9805 9809 9814 9818 011 223 344
96 9823 9827 9832 9836 9841 9845 9850 9854 9859 9863 011 223 344
97 9868 9872 9877 9881 9886 9890 9894 9899 9903 9908 011 223 344
98 9912 9917 9921 9926 9930 9934 9939 9943 9948 9952 011 223 344
99 9956 9961 9965 9969 9974 9978 9983 9987 9991 9996 011 223 334
 39

TABLE 20 : ANTILOGARITHMS

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
———————————————————————————————————————————————————
.00 1000 1002 1005 1007 1009 1012 1014 1016 1019 1021 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2

.01 1023 1026 1028 1030 1033 1035 1038 1040 1042 1045 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.02 1047 1050 1052 1054 1057 1059 1062 1064 1067 1069 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.03 1072 1074 1076 1079 1081 1084 1086 1089 1091 1094 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
.04 1096 1099 1102 1104 1107 1109 1112 1114 1117 1119 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

.05 1122 1125 1127 1130 1132 1135 1138 1140 1143 1146 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.06 1148 1151 1153 1156 1159 1161 1164 1167 1169 1172 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.07 1175 1178 1180 1183 1186 1189 1191 1194 1197 1199 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
.08 1202 1205 1208 1211 1213 1216 1219 1222 1225 1227 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
.09 1230 1233 1236 1239 1242 1245 1247 1250 1253 1256 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3

.10 1259 1262 1265 1268 1271 1274 1276 1279 1282 1285 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
.11 1288 1291 1294 1297 1300 1303 1306 1309 1312 1315 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
.12 1318 1321 1324 1327 1330 1334 1337 1340 1343 1346 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3
.13 1349 1352 1355 1358 1361 1365 1368 1371 1374 1377 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.14 1380 1384 1387 1390 1393 1396 1400 1403 1406 1409 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3

.15 1413 1416 1419 1422 1426 1429 1432 1435 1439 1442 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.16 1445 1449 1452 1455 1459 1462 1466 1469 1472 1476 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.17 1479 1483 1486 1489 1493 1496 1500 1503 1507 1510 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.18 1514 1517 1521 1524 1528 1531 1535 1538 1542 1545 0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3
.19 1549 1552 1556 1560 1563 1567 1570 1574 1578 1581 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3

.20 1585 1589 1592 1596 1600 1603 1607 1611 1614 1618 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3
.21 1622 1626 1629 1633 1637 1641 1644 1648 1652 1656 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
.22 1660 1663 1667 1671 1675 1679 1683 1687 1690 1694 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
.23 1698 1702 1706 1710 1714 1718 1722 1726 1730 1734 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
.24 1738 1742 1746 1750 1754 1758 1762 1766 1770 1774 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4

.25 1778 1782 1786 1791 1795 1799 1803 1807 1811 1816 0 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 4
.26 1820 1824 1828 1832 1837 1841 1845 1849 1854 1858 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
.27 1862 1866 1871 1875 1879 1884 1888 1892 1897 1901 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 4
.28 1905 1910 1914 1919 1923 1928 1932 1936 1941 1945 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.29 1950 1954 1959 1963 1968 1972 1977 1982 1986 1991 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4

.30 1995 2000 2004 2009 2014 2018 2023 2028 2032 2037 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.31 2042 2046 2051 2056 2061 2065 2070 2075 2080 2084 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.32 2089 2094 2099 2104 2109 2113 2118 2123 2128 2133 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.33 2138 2143 2148 2153 2158 2163 2168 2173 2178 2183 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4
.34 2188 2193 2198 2203 2208 2213 2218 2223 2228 2234 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5

.35 2239 2244 2249 2254 2259 2265 2270 2275 2280 2286 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.36 2291 2296 2301 2307 2312 2317 2323 2328 2333 2339 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.37 2344 2350 2355 2360 2366 2371 2377 2382 2388 2393 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.38 2399 2404 2410 2415 2421 2427 2432 2438 2443 2449 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5
.39 2455 2460 2466 2472 2477 2483 2489 2495 2500 2506 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 5

.40 2512 2518 2523 2529 2535 2541 2547 2553 2559 2564 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
.41 2570 2576 2582 2588 2594 2600 2606 2612 2618 2624 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5
.42 2630 2636 2642 2649 2655 2661 2667 2673 2679 2685 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 6
.43 2692 2698 2704 2710 2716 2723 2729 2735 2742 2748 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6
.44 2754 2761 2767 2773 2780 2786 2793 2799 2805 2812 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 5 6

.45 2818 2825 2831 2838 2844 2851 2858 2864 2871 2877 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.46 2884 2891 2897 2904 2911 2917 2924 2931 2938 2944 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.47 2951 2958 2965 2972 2979 2985 2992 2999 3006 3013 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 6
.48 3020 3027 3034 3041 3048 3055 3062 3069 3076 3083 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
.49 3090 3097 3105 3112 3119 3126 3133 3141 3148 3155 1 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 6
 40

TABLE 20 : ANTILOGARITHMS—Contd.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 123 4 5 6 789

.50 3162 3170 3177 3184 3192 3199 3206 3214 3221 3228 112 3 4 4 5 6 7
.51 3236 3243 3251 3258 3266 3273 3281 3289 3296 3304 122 3 4 5 5 6 7
.52 3311 3319 3327 3334 3342 3350 3357 3365 3373 3381 122 3 4 5 5 6 7
.53 3388 3396 3404 3412 3420 3428 3436 3443 3451 3459 122 3 4 5 6 6 7
.54 3467 3475 3483 3491 3499 3508 3516 3524 3532 3540 122 3 4 5 6 6 7
.55 3548 3556 3565 3573 3581 3589 3597 3606 3614 3622 122 3 4 5 6 7 7
.56 3631 3639 3648 3656 3664 3673 3681 3690 3698 3707 123 3 4 5 6 7 8
.57 3715 3724 3733 3741 3750 3758 3767 3776 3784 3793 123 3 4 5 6 7 8
.58 3802 3811 3819 3828 3837 3846 3855 3864 3873 3882 123 4 4 5 6 7 8
.59 3890 3899 3908 3917 3926 3936 3945 3954 3963 3972 123 4 5 5 6 7 8
.60 3981 3990 3999 4009 4018 4027 4036 4046 4055 4064 123 4 5 6 6 7 8
.61 4074 4083 4093 4102 4111 4121 4130 4140 4150 4159 123 4 5 6 7 8 9
.62 4169 4178 4188 4198 4207 4217 4227 4236 4246 4256 123 4 5 6 7 8 9
.63 4266 4276 4285 4295 4305 4315 4325 4335 4345 4355 123 4 5 6 7 8 9
.64 4365 4375 4385 4395 4406 4416 4426 4436 4446 4457 123 4 5 6 7 8 9
.65 4467 4477 4487 4498 4508 4519 4529 4539 4550 4560 123 4 5 6 7 8 9
.66 4571 4581 4592 4603 4613 4624 4634 4645 4656 4667 123 4 5 6 7 9 10
.67 4677 4688 4699 4710 4721 4732 4742 4753 4764 4775 123 4 5 7 8 9 10
.68 4786 4797 4808 4819 4831 4842 4853 4864 4875 4887 123 4 6 7 8 9 10
.69 4898 4909 4920 4932 4943 4955 4966 4977 4989 5000 123 5 6 7 8 9 10
.70 5012 5023 5035 5047 5058 5070 5082 5093 5105 5117 124 5 6 7 8 9 11
.71 5129 5140 5152 5164 5176 5188 5200 5212 5224 5236 124 5 6 7 8 10 11
.72 5248 5260 5272 5284 5297 5309 5321 5333 5346 5358 124 5 6 7 9 10 11
73 5370 5383 5395 5408 5420 5433 5445 5458 5470 5483 134 5 6 8 9 10 11
.74 5495 5508 5521 5534 5546 5559 5572 5585 5598 5610 134 5 6 8 9 10 12
.75 5623 5636 5649 5662 5675 5689 5702 5715 5728 5741 134 5 7 8 9 10 12
.76 5754 5768 5781 5794 5808 5821 5834 5848 5861 5875 134 5 7 8 9 11 12
.77 5888 5902 5916 5929 5943 5957 5970 5984 5998 6012 134 5 7 8 10 11 12
.78 6026 6039 6053 6067 6081 6095 6109 6124 6138 6152 134 6 7 8 10 11 13
.79 6166 6180 6194 6209 6223 6237 6252 6266 6281 6295 134 6 7 9 10 11 13
.80 6310 6324 6339 6353 6368 6383 6397 6412 6427 6442 134 6 7 9 10 12 13
.81 6457 6471 6486 6501 6516 6531 6546 6561 6577 6592 235 6 8 9 11 12 14
.82 6607 6622 6637 6653 6668 6683 6699 6714 6730 6745 235 6 8 9 11 12 14
.83 6761 6776 6792 6808 6823 6839 6855 6871 6887 6902 235 6 8 9 11 13 14
.84 6918 6934 6950 6966 6982 6998 7015 7031 7047 7063 235 6 8 10 11 13 15
.85 7079 7096 7112 7129 7145 7161 7178 7194 7211 7228 235 7 8 10 12 13 15
.86 7244 7261 7278 7295 7311 7328 7345 7362 7379 7396 235 7 8 10 12 13 15
.87 7413 7430 7447 7464 7482 7499 7516 7534 7551 7568 235 7 9 10 12 14 16
.88 7586 7603 7621 7638 7656 7674 7691 7709 7727 7745 245 7 9 11 12 14 16
.89 7762 7780 7798 7816 7834 7852 7870 7889 7907 7925 245 7 9 11 13 14 16
.90 7943 7962 7980 7998 8017 8035 8054 8072 8091 8110 246 7 9 11 13 15 17
.91 8128 8147 8166 8185 8204 8222 8241 8260 8279 8299 246 8 9 11 13 15 17
.92 8318 8337 8356 8375 8395 8414 8433 8453 8472 8492 246 8 10 12 14 15 17
.93 8511 8531 8551 8570 8590 8610 8630 8650 8670 8690 246 8 10 12 14 16 18
.94 8710 8730 8750 8770 8790 8810 8831 8851 8872 8892 246 8 10 12 14 16 18
.95 8913 8933 8954 8974 8995 9016 9036 9057 9078 9099 246 8 10 12 15 17 19
.96 9120 9141 9162 9183 9204 9226 9247 9268 9290 9311 246 8 11 13 15 17 19
.97 9333 9354 9376 9397 9419 9441 9462 9484 9506 9528 247 9 11 13 15 17 20
.98 9550 9572 9594 9616 9638 9661 9683 9705 9727 9750 247 9 11 13 16 18 20
.99 9772 9795 9817 9840 9863 9886 9908 9931 9954 9977 257 9 11 14 16 18 20
 41

TABLE 21 : BINOMIAL PROBABILITIES

p

n X .05 .10 .20 .25 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .75 .80 .90 .95

1 0 .9500 .9000 .8000 .7500 .7000 .6000 .5000 .4000 .3000 .2500 .2000 .1000 .0500
1 .0500 .1000 .2000 .2500 .3000 .4000 .5000 .6000 .7000 .7500 .8000 .9000 .9500

2 0 .9025 .8100 .6400 .5625 .4900 .3600 .2500 .1600 .0900 .0625 .0400 .0100 .0025
1 .0950 .1800 .3200 .3750 .4200 .4800 .5000 .4800 .4200 .3750 .3200 .1800 .0950
2 .0025 .0100 .0400 .0625 .0900 .1600 .2500 .3600 .4900 .5625 .6400 .8100 .9025

3 0 .8574 .7290 .5120 .4219 .3430 .2160 .1250 .0640 .0270 .0156 .0080 .0010 .0001
1 .1354 .2430 .3840 .4219 .4410 .4320 .3750 .2880 .1890 .1406 .0960 .0270 .0071
2 .0071 .0270 .0960 .1406 .1890 .2880 .3750 .4320 .4410 .4219 .3840 .2430 .1354
3 .0001 .0010 .0080 .0156 .0270 .0640 .1250 .2160 .3430 .4219 .5120 .7290 .8574

4 0 .8145 .6561 .4096 .3164 .2401 .1296 .0625 .0256 .0081 .0039 .0016 .0001
1 .1715 .2916 .4096 .4219 .4116 .3456 .2500 .1536 .0756 .0469 .0256 .0036 .0005
2 .0135 .0196 .1536 .2109 .2646 .3456. .3750 .3456 .2646 .2109 .1536 0486 .0135
3 .0005 .0036 .0256 .0469 .0756 .1536 .2500 .3456 .4116 .4219 .4096 .2916 .1715
4 .0001 .0016 .0039 .0081 .0256 .0625 .1296 .2401 .3164 .4096 .6561 .8145

5 0 .7738 .5905 .3277 .2373 .1681 .0778 .0313 .0102 .0024 .0010 .0003
1 .2036 .3281 .4096 .3955 .3602 .2592 .1562 .0768 .0284 .0146 .0064 .0004
2 .0214 .0729 .2048 .2637 .3087 .3456 .3125 .2304 .1323 .0879 .0512 .0081 .0011
3 .0011 .0081 .0512 .0879 .1323 .2304 .3125 .3456 .3087 .2637 .2048 .0729 .0214
4 .0004 .0064 .0146 .0284 .0768 .1562 .2592 .3602 .3955 .4096 .3281 .2036
5 .0003 .0010 .0024 .0102 .0313 .0778 .1681 .2373 .3277 .5905 .7738

6 0 .7351 .5314 .2621 .1780 .1176 .0467 .0156 .0041 .0007 .0002 .0001
1 .2321 .3543 .3932 .3560 .3025 .1866 .0938 .0369 .0102 .0044 .0015 .0001
2 .0305 .0984 .2458 .2966 .3241 .3110 .2344 .1382 .0595 .0330 .0154 .0012 .0001
3 .0021 .0146 .0819 .1318 .1852 .2765 .3125 .2765 .1852 .1318 .0819 .0146 .0021
4 .0001 .0012 .0154 .0330 .0595 .1382 .2344 .3110 .3241 .2966 .2458 .0984 .0305
5 .0001 .0015 .0044 .0102 .0369 .0938 .1866 .3025 .3560 .3932 .3543 .2321
6 .0001 .0002 .0007 .0041 .0156 .0467 .1176 .1780 .2621 .5314 .7351

7 0 .6983 .4783 .2097 .1335 .0824 .0280 .0078 .0016 .0002 .0001
1 .2573 .3720 .3670 .3115 .2471 .1306 .0547 .0172 .0036 .0013 .0004
2 .0406 .1240 .2753 .3115 .3177 .2613 .1641 .0774 .0250 .0115 .0043 .0002
3 .0036 .0230 .1147 .1730 .2269 .2903 .2734 .1935 .0972 .0577 .0287 .0026 .0002
4 .0002 .0026 .0287 .0577 .0972 .1935 .2734 .2903 .2269 .1730 .1147 .0230 .0036
5 .0002 .0043 .0115 .0250 .0774 .1641 .2613 .3177 .3115 .2753 .1240 .0406
6 .0004 .0013 .0036 .0172 .0547 .1306 .2471 .3115 .3670 .3720 .2573
7 .0001 .0002 .0016 .0078 .0280 .0824 .1335 .2097 .4783 .6983
 42

TABLE 21 : BINOMIAL PROBABILITIES— Contd.

p

n X .05 .10 .20 .25 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .75 .80 .90 .95

8 0 .6634 .4305 .1678 .1001 .0576 .0168 .0039 .0007 .0001

1 .2793 .3826 .3355 .2670 .1976 .0896 .0312 .0079 .0012 .0004 .0001
2 .0515 .1488 .2936 .3115 .2965 .2090 .1094 .0413 .0100 .0038 .0011
3 .0054 .0331 .1468 .2076 .2541 .2787 .2188 .1239 .0467 .0231 .0092 .0004
4 .0004 .0046 .0459 .0865 .1361 .2322 .2734 .2322 .1361 .0865 .0459 .0046 .0004
5 .0004 .0092 .0231 .0467 .1238 .2188 .2787 .2541 .2076 .1468 .0331 .0054
6 .0011 .0038 .0100 .0413 .1094 .2090 .2965 .3115 .2936 .1488 .0515
7 .0001 .0004 .0012 .0079 .0312 .0896 .1976 .2670 .3355 .3826 .2793
8 .0001 .0007 .0039 .0168 .0576 .1001 .1678 .4305 .6634

9 0 .6302 .3874 .1342 .0751 .0404 .0101 .0020 .0003

1 .2985 .3874 .3020 .2253 .1556 .0605 .0176 .0035 .0004 .0001
2 .0628 .1722 .3020 .3003 .2668 .1612 .0703 .0212 .0039 .0012 .0003
3 .0077 .0446 .1762 .2336 .2668 .2508 .1641 .0743 .0210 .0087 .0028 .0001
4 .0006 .0074 .0661 .1168 .1715 .2508 .2461 .1672 .0735 .0389 .0165 .0008
5 .0008 .0165 .0389 .0735 .1672 .2461 .2508 .1715 .1168 .0661 .0074 .0006
6 .0001 .0028 .0087 .0210 .0743 .1641 .2508 .2668 .2336 .1762 .0446 .0077
7 .0003 .0012 .0039 .0212 .0703 .1612 .2668 .3003 .3020 .1722 .0628
8 .0001 .0004 .0035 .0176 .0605 .1556 .2253 .3020 .3874 .2985
9 .0003 .0020 .0101 .0404 .0751 .1342 .3874 .6302

10 0 .5987 .3487 .1074 .0563 .0282 .0060 .0010 .0001

1 .3151 .3874 .2684 .1877 .1211 .0403 .0098 .0016 .0001
2 .0746 .1937 .3020 .2816 .2335 .1209 .0439 .0106 .0014 .004 .0001
3 .0105 .0574 .2013 .2503 .2668 .2150 .1172 .0425 .0090 .0031 .0008
4 .0010 .0112 .0881 .1460 .2001 .2508 .2051 .1115 .0368 .0162 .0055 .0001
5 .0001 .0015 .0264 .0584 .1029 .2007 .2461 .2007 .1029 .0584 .0264 .0015 .0001
6 .0001 .0055 .0162 .0368 .1115 .2051 .2508 .2001 .1460 .0881 .0112 .0010
7 .0008 .0031 .0090 .0425 .1172 .2150 .2668 .2503 .2013 .0574 .0105
8 .0001 .0004 .0015 .0106 .0439 .1209 .2335 .2816 .3020 .1937 .0746
9 .0001 .0016 .0098 .0403 .1211 .1877 .2684 .3874 .3151
10 .0001 .0010 .0060 .0282 .0563 .1074 .3487 .5987

11 0 .5688 .3138 .0859 .0422 .0198 .0036 .0005

1 .3293 .3835 .2362 .1549 .0932 .0266 .0054 .0007
2 .0867 .2131 .2953 .2581 .1998 .0887 .0269 .0052 .0005 .0001
3 .0137 .0710 .2215 .2581 .2568 .1774 .0806 .0234 .0037 .0011 .0002
4 .0014 .0158 .1107 .1721 .2201 .2365 .1611 .0701 .0173 .0064 .0017
5 .0001 .0025 .0388 .0803 .1321 .2207 .2256 .1471 .0566 .0268 .0097 .0003
 43

TABLE 21 : BINOMIAL PROBABILITIES— Contd.

p

n X .05 .10 .20 .25 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .75 .80 .90 .95

6 .0003 .0097 .0268 .0566 .1471 .2256 .2207 .1321 .0803 .0388 .0025 .0001
7 .0017 .0064 .0173 .0701 .1611 .2365 .2201 .1721 .1107 .0158 .0014
8 .0002 .0011 .0037 .0234 .0806 .1774 .2568 .2581 .2215 .0710 .0137
9 .0001 .0005 .0052 .0269 .0887 .1998 .2581 .2953 .2131 .0867
10 .0007 .0054 .0266 .0932 .1549 .2362 .3835 .3293
11 .0005 .0036 .0198 .0422 .0859 .3138 .5688

12 0 .5404 .2824 .0687 .0317 .0138 .0022 .0002

1 .3413 .3766 .2062 .1267 .0712 .0174 .0029 .0003
2 .0988 .2301 .2835 .2323 .1678 .0639 .0161 .0025 .0002
3 .0173 .0852 .2362 .2581 .2397 .1419 .0537 .0125 .0015 .0004 .0001
4 .0021 .0213 .1329 .1936 .2311 .2128 .1209 .0420 .0078 .0024 .0005
5 .0002 .0038 .0532 .1032 .1585 .2270 .1934 .1009 .0291 .0115 .0033
6 .0005 .0155 .0402 .0792 .1766 .2256 .1766 .0792 .0402 .0156 .0005
7 .0033 .0115 .0291 .1009 .1934 .2270 .1585 .1032 .0532 .0038 .0002
8 .0005 .0024 .0078 .0420 .1208 .2128 .2311 .1936 .1329 .0213 .0021
9 .0001 .0004 .0015 .0125 .0537 .1419 .2397 .2581 .2362 .0852 .0173
10 .0002 .0025 .0161 .0639 .1678 .2323 .2835 .2301 .0988
11 .0003 .0029 .0174 .0712 .1267 .2062 .3766 .3413
12 .0002 .0022 .0138 .0317 .0687 .2824 .5404

13 0 .5133 .2542 .0550 .0238 .0097 .0013 .0001

1 .3512 .3672 .1787 .1029 .0540 .0113 .0016 .0001
2 .1109 .2448 .2680 .2059 .1388 .0453 .0095 .0012 .0001
3 .0214 .0997 .2457 .2517 .2181 .1107 .0349 .0065 .0006 .0001
4 .0028 .0277 .1535 .2097 .2337 .1845 .0873 .0243 .0034 .0009 .0002
5 .0003 .0055 .0691 .1258 .1803 .2214 .1571 .0656 .0142 .0047 .0011
6 .0008 .0230 .0559 .1030 .1968 .2095 .1312 .0442 .0186 .0058 .0001
7 .0001 .0058 .0186 .0442 .1312 .2095 .1968 .1030 .0559 .0230 .0008
8 .0011 .0047 .0142 .0656 .1571 .2214 .1803 .1258 .0691 .0055 .0003
9 .0002 .0009 .0034 .0243 .0873 .1845 .2337 .2097 .1535 .0277 .0028
10 .0001 .0006 .0065 .0349 .1107 .2181 .2517 .2457 .0997 .0214
11 .0001 .0012 .0095 .0453 .1388 .2059 .2680 .2448 .1109
12 .0001 .0016 .0113 .0540 .1029 .1787 .3672 .3512
13 .0001 .0013 .0097 .0238 .0550 .2542 .5133

14 0 .4877 .2288 .0440 .0178 .0068 .0008 .0001

1 .3593 .3559 .1539 .0832 .0407 .0073 .0009 .0001
2 .1229 .2570 .2501 .1802 .1134 .0317 .0056 .0006
3 .0259 .1142 .2501 .2402 .1943 .0845 .0222 .0033 .0002
 44

TABLE 21 : BINOMIAL PROBABILITIES— Contd.

p
n X .05 .10 .20 .25 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .75 .80 .90 .95
4 .0037 .0349 .1720 .2202 .2290 .1549 .0611 .0136 .0014 .0003
5 .0004 .0078 .0860 .1468 .1963 .2066 .1222 .0408 .0066 .0018 .0003
6 .0013 .0322 .0734 .1262 .2066 .1833 .0918 .0232 .0082 .0020
7 .0002 .0092 .0280 .0618 .1574 .2095 .1574 .0618 .0280 .0092 .0002
8 .0020 .0082 .0232 .0918 .1833 .2066 .1262 .0734 .0322 .0013
9 .0003 .0018 .0066 .0408 .1222 .2066 .1963 .1468 .0860 .0078 .0004
10 .0003 .0014 .0136 .0611 .1549 .2290 .2202 .1720 .0349 .0037
11 .0002 .0033 .0222 .0845 .1943 .2402 .2501 .1142 .0259
12 .0006 .0056 .0317 .1134 .1802 .2501 .2570 .1229
13 .0001 .0009 .0073 .0407 .0832 .1539 .3559 .3593
14 .0001 .0008 .0068 .0178 .0440 .2288 .4877

15 0 .4633 .2059 .0352 .0134 .0047 .0005

1 .3658 .3432 .1319 .0668 .0305 .0047 .0005
2 .1348 .2669 .2309 .1559 .0916 .0219 .0032 .0003
3 .0307 .1285 .2501 .2252 .1700 .0634 .0139 .0016 .0001
4 .0049 .0428 .1876 .2252 .2186 .1268 .0417 .0074 .0006 .0001
5 .0006 .0105 .1032 .1651 .2061 .1859 .0916 .0245 .0030 .0007 .0001
6 .0019 .0430 .0917 .1472 .2066 .1527 .0612 .0116 .0034 .0007
7 .0003 .0138 .0393 .0811 .1771 .1964 .1181 .0348 .0131 .0035
8 .0035 .0131 .0348 .1181 .1964 .1771 .0811 .0393 .0138 .0003
9 .0007 .0034 .0116 .0612 .1527 .2066 .1472 .0917 .0430 .0019
10 .0001 .0007 .0030 .0245 .0916 .1859 .2061 .1651 .1032 .0105 .0006
11 .0001 .0006 .0074 .0417 .1268 .2186 .2252 .1876 .0428 .0049
12 .0001 .0016 .0139 .0634 .1700 .2252 .2501 .1285 .0307
13 .0003 .0032 .0219 .0916 .1559 .2309 .2669 .1348
14 .0005 .0047 .0305 .0668 .1319 .3432 .3658
15 .0005 .0047 .0134 .0352 .2059 .4633
20 0 .3585 .1216 .0115 .0032 .0008
1 .3774 .2702 .0576 .0211 .0068 .0005
2 .1887 .2852 .1369 .0669 .0278 .0031 .0002
3 .0596 .1901 .2054 .1339 .0716 .0124 .0011
4 .0133 .0898 .2182 .1897 .1304 .0350 .0046 .0003
5 .0022 .0319 .1746 .2023 .1789 .0746 .0148 .0013
6 .0003 .0089 .1091 .1686 .1916 .1244 .0370 .0049 .0002
7 .0020 .0546 .1124 .1643 .1659 .0739 .0146 .0010 .0002
8 .0004 .0222 .0609 .1144 .1797 .1201 .0355 .0039 .0008 .0001
9 .0001 .0074 .0271 .0654 .1597 .1602 .0710 .0120 .0030 .0005
 45

TABLE 21 : BINOMIAL PROBABILITIES— Contd.

p
n X .05 .10 .20 .25 .30 .40 .50 .60 .70 .75 .80 .90 .95
10 .0020 .0099 .0308 .1171 .1762 .1171 .0308 .0099 .0020
11 .0005 .0030 .0120 .0710 .1602 .1597 .0654 .0271 .0074 .0001
12 .0001 .0008 .0039 .0355 .1201 .1797 .1144 .0609 .0222 .0004
13 .0002 .0010 .0146 .0739 .1659 .1643 .1124 .0546 .0020
14 .0002 .0049 .0370 .1244 .1916 .1686 .1091 .0089 .0003
15 .0013 .0148 .0746 .1789 .2023 .1746 .0319 .0022
16 .0003 .0046 .0350 .1304 .1897 .2182 .0898 .0133
17 .0011 .0124 .0716 .1339 .2054 .1901 .0596
18 .0002 .0031 .0278 .0669 .1369 .2852 .1887
19 .0005 .0068 .0211 .0576 .2702 .3774
20 .0008 .0032 .0115 .1216 .3585

25 0 .2774 .0718 .0038 .0008 .0001

1 .3650 .1994 .0236 .0063 .0014
2 .2305 .2659 .0708 .0251 .0074 .0004
3 .0930 .2265 .1358 .0641 .0243 .0019 .0001
4 .0269 .1384 .1867 .1175 .0572 .0071 .0004
5 .0060 .0646 .1960 .1645 .1030 .0199 .0016
6 .0010 .0239 .1633 .1828 .1472 .0442 .0053 .0002
7 .0001 .0072 .1108 .1654 .1712 .0800 .0143 .0009
8 .0018 .0623 .1241 .1651 .1200 .0322 .0031 .0001
9 .0004 .0294 .0781 .1336 .1511 .0609 .0088 .0004
10 .0001 .0118 .0417 .0916 .1612 .0974 .0212 .0013 .0002
11 .0040 .0189 .0536 .1465 .1328 .0434 .0042 .0007 .0001
12 .0012 .0074 .0268 .1139 .1550 .0760 .0115 .0025 .0003
13 .0003 .0025 .0115 .0760 .1550 .1139 .0268 .0074 .0012
14 .0001 .0007 .0042 .0434 .1328 .1465 .0536 .0189 .0040
15 .0002 .0013 .0212 .0974 .1612 .0916 .0417 .0118 .0001
16 .0004 .0088 .0609 .1511 .1336 .0781 .0294 .0004
17 .0001 .0031 .0322 .1200 .1651 .1241 .0623 .0018
18 .0009 .0143 .0800 .1712 .1654 .1108 .0072 .0002
19 .0002 .0053 .0442 .1472 .1828 .1633 .0239 .0010
20 .0016 .0199 .1030 .1645 .1960 .0646 .0060
21 .0004 .0071 .0572 .1175 .1867 .1384 .0269
22 .0001 .0019 .0243 .0641 .1358 .2265 .0930
23 .0004 .0074 .0251 .0708 .2659 .2305
24 .0014 .0063 .0236 .1994 .3650
25 .0001 .0008 .0038 .0718 .2774
 46

APPENDIX

Explanation of Statistical Tables

The Normal Probability Integral

(Page 1)

∞
∫
u2
–—
P (X ≥ x) = ——— e 2 du
x √ 2π
The table gives the above probabilities for various values of x ≥ 0. In other words, it shows the area under
the normal curve from x to ∞.

Eg. P ( X ≥ 1.28) = 0.10027 and P ( X ≥ 1.29) = 0.098525.

Distribution of t
(Page 2)
∞
P ( | Tn | ≥ t) = 2 ∫ dt
—————————————————— = α.
n+1
t t2 ——–
√n B
1
( n
—, —
2 2
1+—
n
2
)( )
The table, gives the values of t for different values of n and α.

Eg. P ( | T12 | ≥ 2.179) = 0.05 and P ( – 2.179 < T12 < 2.179) = 0.95.
 47

Distribution of χ2

(Page 3)

∞
P (Xn ≥ x) = ∫ 1
—————— xn/2–1 e–x/2 dx = α.
x 2n/2 T (n/2)

The table gives the values of x for different values of n and α.

Eg. P (X15 ≥ 24.996) = 0.05 and P (X15 < 7.261) = 0.05.

5% Points of e2z

(Page 4)
n1 n1
n1 ——

P (Fn1, | ≥ f) = ∫
∞
( )——
n2
2 f
—— – 1
2
—————————————————— df = 0.05.
n2
n1 + n2
n1 n2 n1f ————
f
( 2 ) (
B ——, ——
2
1 + ——
n2
2 )
The table gives the values of f for different pairs of values of n1 and n2

Eg. P (F8,12 ≥ 2.85) = 0.05 and P (F6,4 < 6.16) = 0.95.

 48

1% Points of e2z

(Page 5)
n1 n1
n1 ——

P (Fn1, | ≥ f) =∫
∞
( )
——
n2
2 f
—— – 1
2
—————————————————— df = 0.01.
n2
n1 + n2
n1 n2 n1f ————
f
(
B ——, ——
2 2 ) (
1 + ——
n2
2 )
The table gives the values of f for different pairs of values of n1 n2.

Eg. P (F8,12 ≥ 4.50) = 0.01 and P (F6,4 < 15.21) = 0.99.

Transformation of r to z

(Page 6)

1
z = —– log
2 ( 1 + r
————
1 – r )
The table gives the corresponding values of r for different values of z.

Eg. z = 0.55 ⇒ r = 0.5005 and r = 0.7306 ⇒ z = 0.93.

—————

Printed & Published by : Dr. M. L. Jadhav, Registrar,

University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007.
Printed at : THE PUNE UNIVERSITY PRESS, GANESHKHIND, PUNE-411 007.
[ 40,000–1–2010 (859/Ganesh-1) [2] ]