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7..types of Decision

This document discusses 7 different types of decisions made in organizations: 1. Tactical decisions are routine and adhere to policies, while strategic decisions influence the future of the business. 2. Programmed decisions follow routines, while non-programmed decisions require unique problem solving. 3. Basic decisions require deliberation on important matters, while routine decisions are repetitive in nature. 4. Organizational decisions are made officially, while personal decisions are made individually. 5. Off-the-cuff decisions are quick, while planned decisions follow facts and problem solving processes. 6. Policy decisions affect the whole business, while operating decisions execute policies at lower levels. 7.

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PRASHANT KUMAR
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13K views

7..types of Decision

This document discusses 7 different types of decisions made in organizations: 1. Tactical decisions are routine and adhere to policies, while strategic decisions influence the future of the business. 2. Programmed decisions follow routines, while non-programmed decisions require unique problem solving. 3. Basic decisions require deliberation on important matters, while routine decisions are repetitive in nature. 4. Organizational decisions are made officially, while personal decisions are made individually. 5. Off-the-cuff decisions are quick, while planned decisions follow facts and problem solving processes. 6. Policy decisions affect the whole business, while operating decisions execute policies at lower levels. 7.

Uploaded by

PRASHANT KUMAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types of decision-making.

There are many ways of classifying decision in an organization but the following types of
decisions are important ones :

1. Tactical and Strategic Decisions

Tactical decisions are those which a manager makes over and over again adhering to certain
established rules, policies and procedures. They are of repetitive nature and related to general
functioning. Authority for taking tactical decisions is usually delegated to lower levels in the
organization.

Strategic decisions on the other hand are relatively more difficult. They influence the future of
the business and involve the entire organization. Decisions pertaining to objective of the
business, capital expenditure, plant layout, production etc., are examples of strategic decisions.

2. Programmed and Non-programmed Decisions

Prof. Herbert Simon (June 15, 1916 - February 9, 2001), an American economist and
psychologist, has used computer terminology in classifying business decisions. These decisions
are of a routine and repetitive nature. The programmed decisions are basically of a routine type
for which systematic procedures have been devised so that the problem may not be treated as a
unique case each time it crops up.

The non-programmed decisions are complex and deserve a specific treatment. In the above
example, if all the professors in a department stop their teaching work the problem cannot be
solved by set procedural rules. It becomes a problem which requires a thorough study of the
causes of such a situation and after analysing all factors a solution can be found through problem
solving process.

3. Basic and Routine Decisions

Prof. Katona has classified decisions as basic and routine. Basic decision are those which
require a good deal of deliberation and are of crucial importance. These decisions require the
formulation of new norms through deliberate thought provoking process. Examples of basic
decisions are plant location, product diversification, selecting channels of distribution etc.

Routine decisions are of repetitive nature and hence, require relatively little consideration. It
may be seen that basic decisions generally relate to strategic aspects, while routine decisions
are related to tactical aspects of a organization.

4. Organizational and Personal Decisions


Organizational decisions are those which an executive takes in his official capacity and which
can be delegated to others. On the other hand, personal decisions are those which an executive
takes in his individual capacity but not as a member of organization.

5. Off-the-Cuff and Planned Decisions

Off-the-cuff decisions involve "shooting from the hip". These decisions can be taken easily and
may be directed towards the purposes of the enterprise. On the other hand, planned decisions
are linked to the objectives of organization. They are based on facts and involve the scientific
process in problem solving.

6. Policy and Operating Decisions

Policy decisions are those which are taken by top management and which are of a
fundamental character affecting the entire business. Operating decisions are those which are
taken by lower management for the purpose of executing policy decisions. Operating decisions
relate mostly to the decision marker's own work and behaviour while policy decisions influence
work or behaviour pattern of subordinates.

7. Policy, Administrative and Executive Decisions

Ernest Dale (born in Hamburg, Germany and died at the age of 79) has classified decisions in
business organization as under.

(a) Policy decisions,

(b) Administrative decisions and

(c) Executive decisions.

Policy decisions are taken by top management or administration of an organization. They


relate to major issues and policies such as the nature of the financial structure, marketing
policies, outline of organization structure.

Administrative decisions are made by middle management and are less important than
policy decisions. According to Ernest Dale the size of the advertising budget is a policy decision
but selection of media would be an example of administrative decision.

Executive decisions are those which are made at the point where the work is carried out.
Distinguishing between these three types of decisions Dale writes, "policy decisions set forth
goals and general courses of action, administrative decisions determine the means to be used
and executive decisions are those made on a day-to-day basis as particular cases come up".

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