A SEMINOR REPORT

ON
SMART ENERGY METER

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Submitted By

GOURAVARAPU JHANSI (14731A0234)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

P.B.R VISVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND

SCIENCE, KAVALI

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi& Affiliated to JNTU, ANANTAPURAMU)

SPSR NELLORE DIST, Andhra Pradesh-524201

2018
 PBR VISVODAYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

KAVALI

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this seminar report on “SMART ENERGY METER” is the

bonafide work done by G. JHANSI (14731A0234) who carried out the technical
seminar under my supervision during the year 2017 - 2018 towards partial
fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological
University, Anantapur.

A. BHAKTHA VACHALA CH. SREENIVASULU REDDY

SEMINOR COORDINATOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

Department of EEE Department of EEE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my heartfelt gratitude towards our institution, PBR VISVODAYA

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE, KAVALI for giving me an
opportunity for the successful completion of our degree.

It gives us immense pleasure to express my gratitude to our Principal Dr. N.

Seshaiah, who gave me an opportunity in completing this course.

I deeply express my profound gratitude and wholehearted thanks to our

beloved Head of the Department CH. SREENIVASULU Reddy, Associate
Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, who provided us
with necessary facilities, guidance and endless encouragement which helped us a lot
in completing the seminar within time.

I express my great sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my beloved guide

A. BHAKTHA VACHALA, Associate Professor, his encouragement throughout
the course and seminar.

I also express my gratitude to my lecturers and lab coordinators, non-teaching

staff and friends who directly or indirectly helped us in completing the seminar
successfully and providing us with suitable suggestions and guidance throughout.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

S.NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

1. ABSTRACT 1

2. INTRODUCTION 2-4

3. AUTOMATIC METER READING 5-7

3.1 MICRO CONTROLLER

3.2 RELAY

3.3 CURRENT TRANSFORMER

3.4 LCD

4. BLOCK DIAGRAM 7

5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 8

6. SYSTEM OPERATION 9

7. ADVANTAGES 10

8. DISADVANTAGES

9. APPLICATIONS

10. CONCLUSION 11

11. REFERENCES 12
ABSTRACT:

This paper presents a GSM based smart energy metering system which

will replace traditional meter reading method. They can monitor the meter readings

regularly without the person visiting each house and the bill is automatically send

via SMS to each user and if the consumer fails to pay the bill the supply can be cut

off by the service provider. This system will prevent the illegal usage of electricity

known as power theft and also find out the line fault location without any human

control quickly and accurately.

INTRODUCTION:

Global energy crisis is increasing every moment. Everyone has the

attention towards more and more energy production. A lot of new technology has

been introduced to satisfy the user demands. Automation in the energy distribution

is also necessary to enhance people’s life standard. The traditional method of

electricity billing system involves meter readers to periodically visit every house to

take readings and calculate the bill. There are many issues related to this method

such as taking wrong readings, lack of meter readers, and houses in very remote

areas, meters in inconvenient location etc. One of the advanced and convenient

method is automatic meter reading (AMR). In this method, the Energy Meter sends

the details about the total units consumed by household in the certain interval of time

to a wirelessly connected network, which could be a personal computer or server of

power distribution companies. The power theft is also increasing which will affect

the economy of our country. Development of advanced electronic meter with theft

detection scheme can be used to prevent the electricity stealing by the household.

The customer needs power without any interruption, hence a reliable system should

be established to ensure the continuity of power supply. Therefore, fault

identification and fault elimination should be done quickly.

 This paper proposes a smart energy metering system and an effective fault

detection method which periodically updates the energy consumption details of the

households and send it to the authority side by using GSM, and it sends the bill to

the user through SMS. The provision to disconnect the load automatically is also

established to the system when the user fails to pay the bill. The fault detection part

monitors the type of fault and sends the details about the type and location of fault

to the authority. The GSM technique enhances speed of communication with

distance independency. This technology saves human life from this electrical danger

by providing the fault detection and automatically stops the electricity to the

damaged line and also conveys the message to the electricity board to clear the fault.

An Embedded based hardware design is developed and must acquire data from

electrical sensing system. A powerful GSM networking is designed to send data

from a network to other network. Any change in parameters of transmission is

sensed to protect the entire transmission and distribution.

The traditional metering systems has many disadvantages as manual reading

has shortcomings such as errors in taking reading, inaccuracy, external conditions

affecting readings, delayed work and location of consumers. This metering

techniques also requires huge manpower. In order to overcome the problems of the

traditional meter reading system, automatic meter reading technique should be

established. The three key elements in an automatic meter reading (AMR) system

are: consumption measurement, meter reading, transmission of measured data, and

data processing and billing.

AUTOMATIC METER READING:

a) MICROCONTROLLER:

The high-performance Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller

combines 32 KB ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1 KB

EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM, 23 general purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working

registers, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and external

interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI

serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8-schannels in TQFP and QFN/MLF

packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and five software

selectable power saving modes. The device operates between 1.8-5.5 volts. By

executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the device achieves

throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz, balancing power consumption and

processing speed .Today the ATmega328 is commonly used in many projects and

autonomous systems where a simple, low-powered, low-cost micro-controller is

needed. Perhaps the most common implementation of this chip is on the ever popular

Arduino development platform, namely the Arduino Uno and Arduino Nano models.
b) RELAY:

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Relays are used where it is necessary to

control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between

control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one

signal. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple

operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults;

c)CURRENT TRANSFORMER:

A current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of alternating electric currents.

A current transformer isolates the measuring instruments from what may be very

high voltage in the monitored circuit. Current transformers are commonly used in

metering and protective relays in the electrical power industry.

d)LCD:

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a

wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very

commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over

seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are

economical; easily programmable; have no limitation of displaying special & even

custom characters (unlike in seven segments), animations and so on. A 16x2 LCD
means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD

each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers,

namely, Command and Data. The command register stores the command

instructions given to the LCD. A command is an instruction given to LCD to do a

predefined task like initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position,

controlling display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the

LCD. The data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD.

Methodology:

The goal of our topic is to automatically read the consumed energy during every

month and to calculate the bill. The bill thus generated is sent to the consumers’

mobile phone as an SMS via a GSM module. The topic also helps in detecting fault

in transmission lines.
AUTOMATIC METER READING (CONSUMER SIDE):

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

The blinking of LED (provided in the energy meter to indicate the amount of

unit consumed) is sensed using opto coupler. Hence the amount of unit consumed

during a period is provided to the ATmega328 from opto coupler. RTC (Real Time

Clock) determines the period of consumption (1 or 2 months). The total unit

consumed during a specific period is provided to the KSEB via message with the

help of GSM module under the control of a micro controller. Also unit consumed is

displayed using LCD display.

If the current consumed is more than the permissible value it will be sensed by a CT

and the information about theft is transmitted to KSEB via GSM module. If the

consumer did not pay the bill amount within a specific period KSEB can cut off the

supply with the help of relay provided at the consumers’ side.

AUTOMATIC METER READING (KSEB SIDE):

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

The data (unit of energy consumed in a period) that send from the consumer side

GSM will be received by KSEB and they could calculate the bill amount according

to the tariff.
SYSTEM OPERATION:

The heart of the system is micro controller. GSM technology is used so that the

consumer will receive the message about the consumption of power when it reaches

specified number of units. The GSM modem will automatically send the data of

digital energy meter to the service provider once in every month. A microcontroller

unit communicates with electric for getting information regarding the number of

units consumed and with WIFI and GSM to send this information to consumer and

electric board.

HOW SMART METERS ARE DIFFERENT THAN CONVENTIONAL

METERS?

From conventional meters which can provide usage data to the company’s

information systems for monthly billing. Smart meter can provide “last gasp”

notification of outages and detect possible theft. The newer advanced meters are

considered “bi-directional” or two-way and can be linked to the utility’s

communications network and smart grid, as well as a consumer’s home area network

and smart appliances.

ADVANTAGES:

Improved power quality

More efficiency

Secure power delivery

Prepayment options available

More accurate bills

This project cost effective and easy to use

DISADVANTAGES:

Billing system fails if no GSM network coverage

Charges may be applicable for network use

Requires fixed GSM number

APPLICATIONS:

This meter can be used in houses, apartments

CONCLUSION:

Human interaction is minimized by the present system, so it has high

accuracy. At the end of a specific time period the cost of energy consumed is send

to the consumer’s phone via SMS. Relay operation for cutting and re-establishing

the power supply can be controlled by a programmed system. consumer will be more

aware about the energy consumption by the provided warning messages about

consumption and power theft detection notifications. Future works will include the

implementation of AMR in every household.

REFERENCES:

[1]. A. Molderink, V. Bakker, M. G. C. Bosman, J.L. Hurink, G. J.M. Smith,

“Management and Control of Domestic Smart Grid Technology”, IEEE
Transactions on Smart Grid, vol.1, 2010.

[2]. YujunBao and Xiaoyan Jiang, “Design of electric Energy Meter for long-
distance data information transfers which based upon GPRS”,
ISA2009.International Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications,2009.

[3]. LvZhi-an, Yanping Xiao, “Design and development of an intelligentanti-steal-

electricity-power instrument,” Electronic measurement technology, 2006, Vol. 29,
No. 5, pp. 93-95.

[4]. Prof. M. S. Sujatha, Dr. M Vijay Kumar Dept. of EEE. “On-line monitoring
and analysis of faults in transmission and distribution lines using GSM technique”,
E-ISSN: 1817-3195. Vol. 33 No.2, 30th Nov, 2011.

[5]. Ms. Devjani Banerjee, Prof Dr. Mrs. N. R. Kulkarni Electrical Engineering
Department. “Three Phase Parameter Data Logging and Fault Detection Using
GSM Technology”, ISSN 2250-3153, Volume 3, Issue 2, February 2013.